CN103077698A - High-accuracy detection method for tone color of musical instrument - Google Patents
High-accuracy detection method for tone color of musical instrument Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-accuracy detection method for the tone color of a musical instrument. The method mainly comprises the following steps of: performing operation on a standard tone signal produced by the musical instrument according to time-domain characteristics of an audio signal to obtain a relationship between standard tone frequency in spectral characteristics and the composition of each harmonic tone component and the intensity of each harmonic tone by using a signal operation control unit, comparing the time-domain characteristics and the spectral characteristics of the musical instrument to be detected and a standard musical instrument to obtain a tone color detection result of the musical instrument, and transmitting the result to a result display unit. A user can find a corresponding improvement method by regulating or optimizing the performance of the detected musical instrument according to the detection result, and the method can be used for conveniently and quickly identifying the tone color of the musical instrument. A power supply, an audio signal input unit, a signal acquisition unit, a data storage unit, the signal operation control unit and the result display unit are involved. The method for detecting the color tone of the musical instrument is high in measurement accuracy, convenient to use, intuitive, accurate and reliable, and can be used for tone setters, tuners, metronomes and the like of various musical instruments.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the detection technique field of musical instrument, be specifically related to a kind of instrument tamber high-precision detecting method.
Background technology
Tone color is the characteristic of sound, and the sense quality of sound is the qualitative characteristics of musical sound; Can be with pitch, loudness of a sound and the duration of a sound a kind of tone quality of not coming of identical two ranges of sound all.The musical instrument that each is different, because production run difference or manufactured materials are different, its tone color of same musical instrument of making is to some extent difference also, be because their sound of sending except a fundamental tone, also have the humorous Boeing of many different frequencies to follow, these humorous Boeing act on people's auditory system just, and the last sensation that generates different tone colors in brain is analyzed, synthesized to people's ear to these harmonic wave voice frequencies, and it is the sound that different musical instruments sends that the people can be picked out.
People's ear is mainly identified tone color by harmonic wave series of sound structure and the time-out state (the flashy state of musical sound from noiseless to sound) of analyzing sound.Usually the tuning of each kind musical instrument or accordatura all are to be finished by professional's (such as tuner teacher, accent stringed-instrument player, golden ear) that veteran process screws up discipline.But so there are larger human factor in tuning or the accordatura of musical instrument, are difficult to guarantee the accuracy of tuning, sometimes also can have error or illusion, and for the amateur, just more can't identify accurately the tone color of musical instrument.Although also have proportion meter or pitching instrument to come accordatura or tuning, such as the ZL200610032982.8 pitching instrument, adopt the single-chip microcomputer means to detect, but all be to compare or detect by the standard frequency that gathers fundamental tone, the result who records can not comprehensively reflect the tone color that musical instrument sends, and therefore, it is not very desirable detecting effect, can not reach very high precision, need other supplementary meanss to replenish toward contact.
Summary of the invention
It is not bery desirable to the present invention seeks to solve the detection effect that has the musical instrument detection means now, can not reach very high-precision problem, a kind of instrument tamber high-precision detecting method is provided, satisfy to produce the needs of high-quality musical instrument in enormous quantities, also can provide for musical instrument worker and user the detection method of efficient quick.
Instrument tamber high-precision detecting method provided by the invention comprises:
The 1st step, the standard pronunciation signal that standard instrument and musical instrument to be checked are sent are input to the sound signal input block, and sound signal is converted to electric signal; Subsequently this signal is sent into signal gathering unit and carry out sampling processing, transfer simulating signal to digital signal, and deposit data storage cell in.
The 2nd step, at the signal operation control module by calling the data time-domain signal of the audio frequency in the data storage cell described in the 1st step, carrying out frequency spectrum resolves, the time domain specification of the sound signal that standard instrument and musical instrument to be checked are sent is processed through the mathematical operation Fourier transform and is obtained corresponding spectral characteristic, resolve the constituent of above-mentioned audio signal frequency spectrum characteristic Plays voice frequency and each harmonic wave series of sound, mutual relation and the intensity level of each humorous Boeing, then its result is delivered to data storage cell.
The 3rd step, the 2nd audible spectrum data of step in the described data storage cell are called in the signal operation control module compare analysis, and set corresponding error range, then the constituent of standard of comparison musical instrument and musical instrument audio signal frequency spectrum data Plays voice frequency to be checked, each harmonic wave series of sound and each harmonic wave series of sound between relation, the difference that signal grew out of nothing and changes in the audio frequency time-domain signal of data storage cell during the difference of the value of loudness of a sound and comparison the 1st went on foot deposits result relatively in data storage cell.
4th, the time domain specification of the standard pronunciation of the spectral characteristic of the musical instrument to be checked after by display unit as a result the signal operation control module being resolved and standard instrument and musical instrument to be checked and standard instrument goes on foot and the 2nd goes on foot to access the described data storage cell and show from the 1st respectively, and will show through the spectral characteristic of the musical instrument to be checked after relatively and standard instrument and the result of time domain specification difference in the 3rd step data storage unit, thereby realize the detection of instrument tamber to be checked.
Can adopt the performance of adjusting or optimizing measured musical instrument according to testing result, find accordingly and improve one's methods, conveniently identify the tone color of used musical instrument with this.
Described tone color accurate detecting method is finished by following concrete device, and as shown in Figure 1, this device comprises: power supply, sound signal input block, signal gathering unit, data storage cell, signal operation control module and display unit as a result; Described sound signal input block connects signal gathering unit and data storage cell successively, the two-way connection signal operation of data storage cell control module, the signal operation control module is connected with display unit as a result again, and sound signal input block, signal gathering unit, data storage cell, signal operation control module are connected with display unit as a result and are connected power supply;
Described sound signal input block is mainly finished the conversion of sound signal and electric signal, and signal gathering unit is mainly finished signal is carried out sample quantization; Data storage cell mainly finish the signal sampling result of time-domain signal, signal gathering unit of self-frequency signal input unit and signal operation control module to carry out that frequency spectrum is resolved and Frequency spectrum ratio and time domain comparison operation result's storage, the signal operation control module carries out frequency spectrum resolves and the spectral characteristic of musical instrument more to be checked and standard instrument and the difference of time domain specification, and display unit shows spectral characteristic and time domain specification and the final comparative analysis result of musical instrument to be checked and standard instrument as a result.
Principle of the present invention
The front says that remarkable ear mainly identifies tone color by harmonic wave series of sound structure and the time-out state (the flashy state of musical sound from noiseless to sound) of analyzing sound.If the sound signal that musical instrument sends is transformed into frequency domain from time domain and just can finds except the standard pronunciation frequency, also there are some humorous Boeing compositions.For example, the frequency of the c1 key on the piano is 261.6Hz, and this sound also has the humorous Boeing with lower frequency so: 523.2Hz, 784.8Hz, 1046Hz, 1308Hz, 1570Hz, 1831Hz, 2093Hz, 2354Hz, 2616Hz, 2878Hz, 3139Hz.The similarities and differences of each instrument tamber mainly are three factors decisions by humorous Boeing: the one, and the constituent of humorous Boeing, the 2nd, the intensity of each humorous Boeing, the 3rd, the relation between each harmonic wave series of sound, the i.e. frequency ratio of each humorous Boeing.If the quantity of humorous Boeing is different, the sympathetic meeting of tone color is variant; If the quantity of humorous Boeing is identical, but the strength relationship between each humorous Boeing is different, and tone color also can change.Therefore the standard pronunciation signal that musical instrument is sent carries out electrical signal collection, then the frequency spectrum that carries out in the frequency domain characteristic of the signal that collects is resolved, obtain respective standard voice frequency and each humorous Boeing composition, mutual relationship, each these spectral characteristic of harmonic wave sound intensity level, for the purpose of accurately, also can obtain corresponding time-out state according to the time domain specification that is input to sound signal, musical instrument more to be measured and the standard instrument spectral characteristic that sets and the difference of time domain specification, the musical instrument worker adopts the performance of adjusting or optimizing measured musical instrument accordingly, find accordingly and improve one's methods, make the spectral characteristic of the standard pronunciation signal that sends and time domain specification reach satisfied effect.The musical instrument user also can adopt the method conveniently to identify the tone color tonequality of used musical instrument, can greatly reduce like this to have larger human factor in the tuning of musical instrument or the accordatura process, reduces error, the convenient tone color that detects accurately musical instrument.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect:
The present invention can improve the work efficiency of musical instrument worker musical instrument tone color, has also greatly improved the accuracy that instrument tamber detects, for the musical instrument user provides convenient and swift accurate detection method.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the pick-up unit theory diagram that the inventive method is used.
Fig. 2 is the implementing procedure of the inventive method.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, instrument tamber high-precision detecting method provided by the invention, the method is that the time domain specification of sound signal that standard instrument and musical instrument to be checked are sent is processed through the mathematical operation Fourier transform and obtained corresponding spectral characteristic, resolve the constituent of standard pronunciation frequency and each harmonic wave series of sound and the intensity level of relation and each humorous Boeing, spectral characteristic and the time domain specification of the sound signal that standard of comparison musical instrument and musical instrument to be checked send, thus the tone color that obtains standard instrument and musical instrument to be checked is distinguished.The device that the method is used comprises: power supply, sound signal input block, signal gathering unit, data storage cell, signal operation control module and display unit as a result; Described sound signal input block connects signal gathering unit and data storage cell successively, the two-way connection signal operation of data storage cell control module, the signal operation control module is connected with display unit as a result again, and sound signal input block, signal gathering unit, data storage cell, signal operation control module are connected with display unit as a result and are connected power supply;
The detailed process of instrument tamber high-precision detecting method provided by the invention comprises:
Embodiment 1
The 1st step
We detect as example piano is carried out the tone color high precision, and at first whole system powers on, and power-supply system adopts outside independently-powered improving the dirigibility of this device, as adopts a few joint No.5 cells, also can adopt the d-c transformer power supply through transforming.For example with certain domestic piano as standard instrument, press its f3 key, the sound signal that this key is sent by as non-direction microphone or adopt the good microphone of some noise robustness, sound signal is inputted, sound signal is changed into electric signal, can adopt the 44.1K sample frequency in the present embodiment, the signal gathering unit that 16bit quantizes is sent into this electric signal and is carried out sampling processing (if will change sample frequency and the quantization digit that precision can change signals selected collecting unit according to actual needs), transfer simulating signal to digital signal, and deposit data storage cell in.Then the sound signal of the f3 key of musical instrument to be checked being sent under same environment with same method is carried out data acquisition and sampling processing, deposits data storage cell in.
The 2nd step
The instrument such as computing machine or FPGA or single-chip microcomputer or virtual instrument all can carry out the comparison of frequency spectrum parsing and spectral characteristic and time domain specification, therefore the signal operation control module can be selected above instrument as required, the sound signal of the standard instrument piano f3 key in the signal operation control module goes on foot the 1st in the data storage cell, carrying out frequency spectrum resolves, the time domain specification of the sound signal that the f3 key is sent is processed through the mathematical operation Fourier transform and is obtained corresponding spectral characteristic, can comprise the frequency that following information is the f3 key in the spectral characteristic of f3 key, each harmonic wave series of sound, between relation, the intensity level of each humorous Boeing, we can draw certain piano, and to press spectral characteristic such as the fundamental frequency of f3 key be 176.8Hz, intensity is-46dB, second harmonic frequency is 355Hz, intensity is-50dB, third harmonic frequencies is 531.9Hz, intensity is-52dB, the four-time harmonic frequency is 709.8Hz, intensity is-48dB ...., consisting of approximate integer ratio relationship between each harmonic wave series of sound is 1:2:3:4 ... above analysis result is delivered to data storage cell to be stored, and carry out frequency spectrum with the 1st data storage cell sound intermediate frequency signal that goes on foot that same method can be sent the f3 key of musical instrument to be checked and resolve, the result is delivered to data storage cell, can increase or reduce according to actual needs the quantity of higher hamonic wave composition, it is more that harmonic components is analyzed, and precision is higher.
The 3rd step
Data after the audible spectrum that the standard instrument of storing in the data storage cell in the 2nd step and musical instrument f3 key to be checked are sent is resolved are called in the signal operation control module and are compared analysis, and set corresponding error range, then criterion musical instrument and musical instrument audio signal frequency spectrum data Plays voice frequency to be checked, the constituent of each harmonic wave series of sound, relation, the difference of the value of loudness of a sound, whether consistent or in the certain error scope such as the composition of each harmonic wave series of sound of frequency spectrum, whether the component relationship of each harmonic wave series of sound meets the requirements, whether the loudness of a sound of each harmonic wave series of sound or the appointment harmonic wave series of sound meets the requirements, and all deposits result relatively in data storage cell.
The sound signal that the standard instrument of storing in the data storage cell in next going on foot the 1st and musical instrument f3 key to be checked send is called in the signal operation control module and is compared analysis, and set corresponding error range, then the difference of the time-domain signal of criterion musical instrument and musical instrument sound signal to be checked such as the time-domain signal required time that grows out of nothing, or from without the difference that reaches between the information such as maximal value required time, all deposit result relatively in data storage cell.
The 4th step
By adopting the LCD(liquid crystal display) etc. the spectral characteristic of the to be checked musical instrument of display terminal after as a result of display unit is resolved the signal operation control module and standard instrument and the time domain specification in the sound signal input block go on foot to access the described data storage cell from the 1st step and the 2nd respectively and show, show, can adopt oscillogram to show the result, the method that also can adopt numerical value to show, specifically can set according to demand, and will show through the result of the difference of the spectral characteristic of relatively musical instrument to be checked and standard instrument and time domain specification and with these results in the 3rd step data storage unit, thereby realize the detection of instrument tamber to be checked.
Embodiment 2
The 1st step
Below we carry out the tone color high precision take violin and detect as example, at first whole system powers on, after the power supply with certain violin as standard instrument, adopt a minute bow to play the empty string of E string, the sound signal of sending is passed through microphone, with the sound signal input, sound signal is changed into electric signal, shown in the 1st step among the embodiment 1, transfer simulating signal to digital signal, and deposit data storage cell in.Then adopting the empty string of spiccato E string to send sound signal on violin with same method under same environment carries out data acquisition and sampling processing, deposits data storage cell in.
The 2nd step
Signal operation control module shown in the 2nd step is with the present embodiment sound signal that the violin in the data storage cell divides the empty string of bow performance E string in the 1st step in embodiment 1, carrying out frequency spectrum resolves, to divide the time domain specification process mathematical operation Fourier transform processing of the sound signal of sending of the empty string of bow performance E string to obtain corresponding spectral characteristic, minute bow play the empty string of E string spectral characteristic in can comprise following information namely divide bow play the empty string of E string frequency, each harmonic wave series of sound, between relation, the intensity level of each humorous Boeing, above analysis result is delivered to data storage cell to be stored, and the data storage cell sound intermediate frequency signal in the 1st step of sending of the empty string of the spiccato E string of violin can be carried out frequency spectrum with same method and resolve, the result is delivered to data storage cell.
The 3rd step
Data after the audible spectrum that the violin that present embodiment was stored in the data storage cell in the 2nd step divides bow performance and the empty string of spiccato E string to send is resolved are called in the signal operation control module and are compared analysis, then judge that violin divides bow to play and spiccato E string empty-chord sound frequency signal spectrum data Plays voice frequency, the constituent of each harmonic wave series of sound, relation, the difference of the value of loudness of a sound, divide bow performance and the frequent spectral property of spiccato E string empty-chord sound to have certain difference, as they each harmonic wave audio component constituent as in, the difference of high frequency is more obvious, and the intensity of each harmonic wave series of sound is different, all deposits result relatively in data storage cell.
Next the violin of storing in the data storage cell in present embodiment the 1st step is adopted the sound signal that minute bow is played and the empty string of spiccato E string sends, call in the signal operation control module, information according to its time-domain signal, the information that we can select to obtain the time-domain signal of standard instrument violin is that corresponding time-out status information is namely vibrated and started from scratch to the used time of amplitude peak, what can draw minute bow performance is about 0.2 second, the time-out status information that equally also can obtain spiccato is 0.05 second, these data are compared analysis, then judge that a minute bow is played and the frequently difference of the time-domain signal of signal of spiccato E string empty-chord sound is the time-out time difference, all deposit result relatively in data storage cell.
The 4th step
By adopting the LCD(liquid crystal display) etc. the violin of display terminal after as a result of display unit is resolved the signal operation control module adopt minute bow is played and the empty string of spiccato E string sends audio signal frequency spectrum characteristic and the time domain specification in the sound signal input block to go on foot from the 1st step and the 2nd respectively to access the described data storage cell, show that with figure intuitively also can carry out according to the actual requirements numerical value shows, also the result of the difference of the spectral characteristic that compares from the 3rd step data storage unit and time domain specification can be shown, thereby realize the detection that the different skill and technique of this violin produce different tone colors.
This shows that the present invention can carry out tone color to different musical instruments and detect also and can the different tone colors that the different skill and technique of identical musical instrument produce be detected.
More than introduced embodiment, after invention Spirit Essence of the present invention has been described, specific embodiments can adopt different implementation methods according to actual conditions, form equivalents, the any modification or partial replacement that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. instrument tamber high-precision detecting method is characterized in that this detection method is based on the spectral characteristic of tone color and the method for time domain specification, specifically comprises:
The 1st step, the standard pronunciation signal that standard instrument and musical instrument to be checked are sent are input to the electric signal that the sound signal input block obtains audio frequency, subsequently this signal are sent into signal gathering unit and carry out sampling processing, and deposit data storage cell in;
The 2nd step, at the signal operation control module by calling in the 1st step data storage unit data-signal from signal gathering unit, carrying out frequency spectrum resolves, the time domain specification of the sound signal that standard instrument and musical instrument to be checked are sent is processed through the mathematical operation Fourier transform and is obtained corresponding spectral characteristic, resolve the constituent of above-mentioned audio signal frequency spectrum characteristic Plays voice frequency and each harmonic wave series of sound and the intensity level of relation and each humorous Boeing, then its result is delivered to data storage cell;
The 3rd step, the 2nd audible spectrum performance data of step in the described data storage cell called in the signal operation control module compare the difference of analytical standard musical instrument and musical instrument audio signal frequency spectrum characteristic to be checked and from the difference of the audio frequency time-domain signal of data storage cell sound signal input block in the 1st step, deposit result relatively in data storage cell;
The spectral characteristic of the 4th step, the musical instrument to be checked after by display unit as a result the signal operation control module being resolved and standard instrument and the standard pronunciation of musical instrument to be checked and standard instrument are gone on foot and the 2nd go on foot to access the described data storage cell and show from the 1st respectively by the time domain specification of sound signal input block input, and the result through the difference of the spectral characteristic of relatively musical instrument to be checked and standard instrument and time-domain signal in the signal operation control module accessed and show from the 3rd step data storage unit, thereby realize the detection of instrument tamber to be checked.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described tone color high-precision detecting method finishes by following concrete device, this device comprises: power supply, sound signal input block, signal gathering unit, data storage cell, signal operation control module and display unit as a result; Described sound signal input block connects signal gathering unit and data storage cell successively, and the two-way connection signal operation of data storage cell control module, signal operation control module are connected with display unit as a result again; Sound signal input block, signal gathering unit, data storage cell, signal operation control module are connected with display unit as a result and are connected power supply;
Described sound signal input block is mainly finished the conversion of sound signal and electric signal, and signal gathering unit is mainly finished signal is carried out sample quantization; Data storage cell mainly finish from the signal sampling result of signal gathering unit and signal operation control module carry out that frequency spectrum is resolved and Frequency spectrum ratio than and time domain comparison operation result's storage, the signal operation control module carries out frequency spectrum resolves and the spectral characteristic of musical instrument more to be checked and standard instrument and the difference of time domain specification, and display unit shows spectral characteristic and time domain specification and the final comparative analysis result of musical instrument to be checked and standard instrument as a result.
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| CN104392710A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-03-04 | 常熟市先锋乐器有限公司 | Electronic music entertainment system |
| CN104464703A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-03-25 | 常熟市先锋乐器有限公司 | Musical instrument precision detecting method |
| CN104485091A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-01 | 常熟市先锋乐器有限公司 | Intelligent learning method of electronic musical instruments |
| CN104505071A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 常熟市先锋乐器有限公司 | Signal processing method of electronic musical instrument |
| CN105474288A (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2016-04-06 | 李星昊 | Sound source evaluation method, performance information analysis method and recording medium used therein, and sound source evaluation apparatus using same |
| CN105675306A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-06-15 | 天津理工大学 | Self-testing method and system for automobile |
| CN106875927A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-06-20 | 合肥工业大学 | Autoelectrinic organ stop and its automatic tuning method based on FFT audio frequency process |
| CN107195289A (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2017-09-22 | 浙江大学 | A kind of editable multistage Timbre Synthesis system and method |
| WO2021212717A1 (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-10-28 | 中科新悦（苏州）科技有限公司 | Audio data analysis method, electronic device, and storage medium |
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| CN105474288A (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2016-04-06 | 李星昊 | Sound source evaluation method, performance information analysis method and recording medium used therein, and sound source evaluation apparatus using same |
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| CN105675306A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-06-15 | 天津理工大学 | Self-testing method and system for automobile |
| CN105675306B (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2018-08-10 | 天津理工大学 | A kind of automobile self-sensing method and detecting system |
| CN107195289A (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2017-09-22 | 浙江大学 | A kind of editable multistage Timbre Synthesis system and method |
| CN106875927A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-06-20 | 合肥工业大学 | Autoelectrinic organ stop and its automatic tuning method based on FFT audio frequency process |
| WO2021212717A1 (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-10-28 | 中科新悦（苏州）科技有限公司 | Audio data analysis method, electronic device, and storage medium |
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