CN103071668B - Method and system for recycling hazardous lead solid waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to a method and a system for recycling hazardous lead solid waste. The method comprises the steps that the hazardous lead solid waste generated in a plate separation and brushing process of storage battery manufacturing is collected; lead alloy components, applications and quantity of the hazardous lead solid waste are recorded definitely; the hazardous lead solid waste is separated, subjected to impurity removal and purified in a sealed environment to form waste lead powder; the obtained waste lead powder is labeled according to the lead alloy components, the applications and the quantity, classified and stored; the stored waste lead powder with the identical lead alloy components and the applications is taken, and mixed with lead powder ground by electrolyzing lead; a ratio of the weight of the added waste lead powder to that of the lead powder ground by electrolyzing lead is (10-20):100; and a mixture is placed in a mixer, stirred uniformly and recycled. The system comprises a lead powder conveyor, a lifting conveyor and an electromagnetic sieve separator. The method and the system can automatically separate and recycle the hazardous lead solid waste, and can effectively solve the problem that the hazardous lead solid waste pollutes an environment, and have the advantages of simple structure, low recycling cost, high resource recycling ratio, and good energy saving and environmental protection effects.

Description

Method and system for recycling and utilizing lead hazardous solid waste

technical field

The invention belongs to a method and system for recycling and utilizing lead hazardous solid waste.

Background technique

The brushing process is the most polluting process in the battery manufacturing process. A large amount of lead-containing dust is likely to be generated during the production process, which not only pollutes the environment, but also affects the physical and mental health of employees. It must be treated in an environmentally friendly manner.

The treatment of environmental protection is to adsorb the lead-containing dust produced by the pollution source, for example, to absorb the lead-containing dust released from the pollution source with a flat cloth bag, so that the lead-containing dust is adsorbed on the flat cloth bag to prevent it from scattering into the air to pollute the environment. However, after environmental protection treatment, a large amount of hazardous solid waste of lead will be produced, such as cotton containing lead dust, lead powder containing other metals, and a mixture of lead powder and lead block. Traditional hazardous solid waste of lead must be disposed of by units with qualifications for disposal of lead-containing waste. However, due to the fine particles of lead waste after environmental protection treatment, dust will be generated during loading, unloading and transportation, and secondary pollution is likely to occur during recycling and smelting. pollution and waste of resources. A large amount of lead hazardous solid waste produced in the brushing process has the characteristics of high lead dust content, cotton, mixed powder, heavy pollution, low recycling rate, high treatment cost, and difficult treatment. How to solve the above problems is urgent. issues that need resolving.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to design a method and system for the recovery and utilization of lead hazardous solid waste, which can automatically separate and recycle lead hazardous solid waste, effectively solve the problem of lead hazardous solid waste polluting the environment, and has a simple structure , low recycling cost, high resource recycling rate, good energy saving and environmental protection effect.

For this reason, method of the present invention comprises the steps:

(1) Collect the lead hazardous solid waste generated in the process of separating and brushing the battery manufacturing, and clearly record the lead alloy composition, use, quantity, and composition of the lead hazardous solid waste;

(2) Separating, removing impurities and purifying lead hazardous solid waste in a sealed environment to obtain lead waste powder;

(3) mark the waste lead powder obtained by lead alloy composition, use and quantity, and classify and store;

(4) Take the stored lead alloy composition and waste lead powder with the same purpose, and mix it with the lead powder ground by electrolytic lead, the weight of waste lead powder added: the weight of lead powder ground by electrolytic lead is 10～20:100;

(5) Put the mixture in a paste mixer, stir evenly, and reuse.

The collection and separation of the hazardous solid waste of lead is completed in a sealed state. The lead powder made from electrolytic lead is the same as the lead alloy composition and application of the waste lead powder.

The system of the present invention is mainly composed of a lead powder conveyor, a lifting conveyor, and an electromagnetic sieve separator, including:

Electromagnetic sieve separator, the electromagnetic sieve separator is located in the sealed bucket, the inner upper shaft of the sealed bucket is equipped with a separation drum, the separation drum is placed horizontally, and the sealed bucket corresponding to one side is provided with a feeder connected to the side of the separation drum. On the other side of the sealed hopper corresponding to the feed inlet, there is a block material discharge port located at the lower end of the separation drum. The belt pulley drives the shaft of the separation drum to rotate, and the vibrating screen is placed obliquely in the sealing bucket at the lower end of the separating drum. , the side wall of the square sealed tube is provided with an electromagnet, a magnetic track is formed between the two electromagnets, the guide cylinder communicates with the collection box, the lower port of the square sealed tube is the lead powder outlet, and the lead powder outlet communicates with the first lead powder conveyor feed port;

Lead powder conveyor, the lead powder conveyor is located in a sealed circular tubular shell, with a feed inlet on the upper side wall at one end of the circular tubular shell, and a discharge port on the lower side wall at the other end of the tubular shell , the feed port communicates with the lead powder outlet of the electromagnetic sieve separator, a reduction box and a motor are provided on the outside of one end of the tubular shell, and a shaft seat is provided on the outside of the other end of the tubular shell. The gear shaft is provided with a helical propulsion piece, one end of the helical gear shaft passes through the axis of the circular tubular shell and is connected to the shaft seat, the other end of the helical gear shaft is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox, and the motor drives the input shaft of the gearbox;

Lifting conveyor, the lifting conveyor is composed of a sealed casing, a lifting sprocket, a sprocket shaft seat, a lifting chain, a lifting hopper, a lifting motor, a bracket, a material inlet and a material outlet, and the sprocket shaft seat is located on the upper, At the lower end, a lifting sprocket is arranged on the two sprocket shaft seats respectively, and the lifting chain is wound between the two lifting sprockets. There is a lifting hopper on the lifting chain, and the bracket is located outside the upper end of the sealed shell, and the lifting motor is fixed on the bracket. , the lifting motor drives the lifting sprocket to run through the conveyor belt. The feed port at the lower end of the sealed casing passes through the first lead powder conveyor to seal and communicate with the lead powder outlet of the electromagnetic sieve separator, and the discharge port at the upper end of the sealed casing passes through the second lead powder outlet. The lead powder conveyors communicate with the lead powder storage bins, and the discharge pipes at the lower ends of each lead powder storage bins communicate with the feed inlet of the fourth lead powder conveyor through the discharge valve, and the discharge port of the fourth lead powder conveyor passes through another lifting The conveyor and the third lead powder conveyor communicate with the feed ports of the two blending machines.

The separation drum has a mesh wall, or the wall is densely covered with mesh holes, and the inner wall of the separation drum is provided with corrugated teeth. A guide plate is provided in the space between the separation drum at the discharge end of the block material and the upper part of the vibrating screen. The magnetic coil of the electromagnet is located outside the square sealed tube.

The vibrating screen is composed of a sieve box, a screen mesh, a sieve box bracket, a supporting spring, and a vibration exciter. The sieve box bracket is integrated with the corresponding inner wall of the sealed bucket. The four corners are fixedly connected with the upper end of the support spring, the lower end of the support spring is fixed on the screen box bracket, the vibrator is located on the side wall of the screen box, and the motor drives the vibrator to vibrate through the coupling.

The sieve box is a dustpan-shaped sieve box with retaining edges on three sides and an open side. The included angle between the screen box, the screen cloth and the horizontal line is 20-30°.

Above-mentioned structural design has reached the purpose of the present invention.

The invention can automatically separate and recycle lead hazardous solid waste, can effectively solve the problem of lead hazardous solid waste polluting the environment, and has the advantages of simple structure, low recycling cost, high resource recycling rate, and good energy saving and environmental protection effects.

The invention adopts in-situ separation to complete the treatment of lead hazardous solid waste, and in-situ repeated utilization, which prevents secondary pollution. At the same time, the treatment process of lead hazardous solid waste is in a sealed state and completed by unmanned operation, which greatly reduces the harm of lead dust to the ring mirror and human beings. The invention is tested, and the detection data shows that the lead dust content in the storage battery pole plate manufacturing workshop is lower than 0.8 μg/m3, which is nearly 10 times lower than the lead dust content in the traditional storage battery pole plate manufacturing workshop.

Since the positive and negative plates are operated separately in the manufacturing process of the battery plate, it is because the formulas of the positive and negative plates are different, so they cannot be used in confusion. The method of the present invention removes the traditional reprocessing, purification, and classification of various lead hazardous solid wastes, and mixes the waste lead powder of the same composition with the lead powder of the batch of finished products on the spot for reuse, greatly reducing the cost of waste lead. Manufacturing cost, energy saving and emission reduction effect are remarkable.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the lead powder conveyor of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the electromagnetic sieve separator of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting conveyor of the present invention.

Detailed ways

A method for recycling and utilizing lead hazardous solid waste, comprising the steps of,

(1) Collect the lead hazardous solid waste generated in the process of separating and brushing the battery manufacturing, and clearly record the lead alloy composition, use, and quantity of the lead hazardous solid waste. The collection of waste lead powder produced during the process of separating and brushing the positive and negative plates should be handled separately and collected collectively, and because the additive components in the positive and negative plates are different, they cannot be used in confusion. In order to facilitate recycling and reduce reuse raw materials and costs, batch manufacturing of the same electrode should be carried out in the separation and brushing process of battery plates, that is, positive plates should be produced in batches at the same time; The composition, use, and quantity of waste are clearly recorded.

(2) Separating, removing impurities and purifying lead hazardous solid waste in a sealed environment to obtain lead waste powder. Since a large amount of lead dust will be generated in the brushing process, it should be collected in a sealed state to prevent lead from polluting the ring mirror.

(3) Label the waste lead powder obtained according to the lead alloy composition, use, and quantity, and store them in categories.

(4) Take the stored lead alloy composition and use the same waste lead powder, and mix it with the lead powder ground by electrolytic lead, the weight of waste lead powder added: the weight of lead powder ground by electrolytic lead is 10-20:100.

(5) Put the mixture in a paste mixer, stir evenly, and reuse. Obviously, the waste lead powder produced in the same batch can be immediately sent to the paste machine, and mixed with the lead powder ground by electrolytic lead. The amount of waste lead powder added accounts for 10-20% of the total weight. The lead alloy composition of lead powder is marked and reused in the manufacture of battery plates with the same batch and quality composition to avoid confusion and to avoid affecting the quality of the battery. Through the recycling and utilization of lead hazardous waste, the lead hazardous waste is achieved. Recycling and reducing the transportation of lead hazardous solid waste reduces the risk of impact of lead hazardous solid waste on the environment, and achieves the effects of energy saving, emission reduction and cost reduction.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a recovery and utilization system for lead hazardous solid waste is mainly composed of a lead powder conveyor, a lifting conveyor, and an electromagnetic sieve separator. include:

As shown in FIG. 3 , the electromagnetic sieve separator 4 is located in the sealed bucket 47 , and the inner upper end shaft of the sealed bucket is provided with a separation drum 28 . The separation drum is placed horizontally, and the sealing bucket corresponding to one side is provided with a feed port 26 communicating with the inside of the separation drum, and the other side sealing bucket corresponding to the feed port is provided with a block material row located at the lower end of the separation drum. Mouth 33, block material outlet communicates with guide cylinder 36. The motor 30 that drives the separation drum to rotate is positioned at the upper end of the outer side of the sealing bucket. The motor drives the rotation of the separation drum shaft through the transmission belt 31 and the belt pulley, and the separation drum shaft is connected with the sealing bucket by a bearing 32. The vibrating screen is obliquely placed in the sealing bucket at the lower end of the separation drum, the lower side of the vibrating screen communicates with the guide cylinder, the lower end of the vibrating screen communicates with the lower end of the sealing bucket, and the lower end communicates with the upper port of the square sealing pipe 39. An electromagnet 42 is arranged on the side wall of the square sealing tube, and a magnetic track 40 is formed between the two electromagnets. The guide cylinder communicates with the collection box, and the lead block material is also reused after being collected. The lower port of the square sealing tube is the lead powder outlet 2, which is connected to the feed inlet 16 of the first lead powder conveyor. A sundry outlet can be set at the lead powder outlet at the lower end of the magnetic track to remove irony sundries absorbed by the electromagnet.

The separation drum is a mesh wall, or the cylinder wall is densely covered with mesh holes 29, and the inner wall of the separation drum is provided with corrugated teeth 27, and the effect of the corrugated teeth is to facilitate the rolling of the material and lead the lead block material sieved out of the lead powder. Block discharge.

A guide plate 34 is provided in the space between the separation drum at the discharge end of the block material and the upper part of the vibrating screen, so as to guide the lead powder and small materials falling from the mesh of the separation drum into the screen box for further screening. . The magnetic coil 3 of the electromagnet is located outside the square sealed tube.

Described vibrating screen is made of sieve box 35, screen cloth 37, sieve box support 43, support spring 38, vibrator 46. The screen box bracket is integrated with the corresponding inner wall of the sealed bucket, the screen is fixed at the lower end of the screen box, the four corners of the lower end of the screen box are fixedly connected with the upper end of the support spring, and the lower end of the support spring is fixed on the screen box bracket. The vibration exciter is located on one side wall of the screen box, and the outer wall of the sealed bucket outside the vibration exciter is provided with a motor frame 44, and the motor 45 fixed on the motor frame drives the vibration exciter to vibrate through a shaft coupling. Obviously, the sieve box and the sieve are integrated, and the two resonate on the support spring under the action of the exciter to sieve the massive lead waste and lead powder. The sieve box is a dustpan-shaped sieve box with retaining edges on three sides and an open side. The included angle between the screen box, the screen cloth and the horizontal line is 20-30°. The screen is a 40-80 mesh screen. The bracket 41 supports the electromagnetic sieve separator.

As shown in Fig. 2, the structure of each lead powder conveyor is that the lead powder conveyor is located in a sealed circular tubular housing 18, and an upper side wall of one end of the circular tubular housing is provided with a feed inlet 16. The other end lower side wall of the circular tubular housing is provided with a discharge port 24, and the feed port communicates with the lead powder discharge port 2 of the electromagnetic sieve separator. A reduction box 21 and a motor 22 are arranged outside one end of the circular tubular housing. The outer side of the other end of the tubular shell is provided with a shaft seat, and the helical gear shaft in the circular tubular shell is provided with a helical propulsion plate 17, and one end of the helical tooth shaft 19 passes through the axis line of the circular tubular shell and is connected to the shaft seat. , the other end of the helical gear shaft is connected with the output shaft of the reduction box, and the motor drives the input shaft 23 of the reduction box. Bearing pairs 20 are provided at the intersecting parts of the helical gear shaft, the circular tubular housing and the shaft seat. The lower end of the circular tubular housing can be provided with supporting legs 25 or a hanger as required.

Each feed port and discharge port are provided with connecting flanges to facilitate the sealing connection of each port.

As shown in Figure 4, the lifting conveyor 5, the lifting conveyor consists of a sealed casing 55, a lifting sprocket 52, a sprocket shaft seat 56, a lifting chain 54, a lifting hopper 58, a lifting motor 51, a support 59, a feed inlet 57 and an outlet. Material mouth 53 is formed. The sprocket shaft seat is located at the upper and lower ends of the sealed casing. The two sprocket shaft seats are respectively equipped with a lifting sprocket, and the lifting chain is wound between the two lifting sprockets. The lifting chain is provided with a lifting hopper at a distance, and the bracket is located in the sealed casing. On the outer side of the upper end, a lifting motor is fixed on the support, and the lifting motor can be a geared motor with a reduction box. The lifting motor drives the lifting sprocket to run through the conveyor belt, so that the lifting chain and the lifting hopper on it move from bottom to top to complete the work of lifting materials. The feed port 57 located at the lower end of the sealed shell is sealed and communicated with the lead powder outlet 2 of the electromagnetic sieve separator through the first lead powder conveyor 1, and the discharge port 53 located at the upper end of the sealed shell is communicated with the lead storage through the second lead powder conveyor 7 Powder bin 6,8. The discharge pipe 13 at the lower end of each lead powder storage bin communicates with the feed port of the fourth lead powder conveyor 14 through the discharge valve 15, and the discharge port of the fourth lead powder conveyor passes through another lifting conveyor 12 and the third lead powder conveyor. The lead powder conveyer 9 communicates with the feeding port of the paste machine 10. The two paste machines are located on the operating frame 11.

The structure of each lead powder conveyor is basically the same, wherein the second lead powder conveyor 7 is a feed port with two discharge ports controlled by valves, so as to facilitate the storage of lead powders with different material components. In the two lead powder storage bins, the third lead powder conveyor 9 is also the same; and the fourth lead powder conveyor is provided with two feed ports and a discharge port controlled by the discharge valve, so it is no longer tired stated. The structure of each lifting conveyor is the same, so it will not be repeated.

When in use, the lead hazardous solid waste produced in the process of separating the brushes in battery manufacturing is collected, and placed into the separation drum from the feed port of the electromagnetic sieve separator. The motor drives the separation drum to rotate through the conveyor belt and the pulley, and the waste lead powder in the lead hazardous solid waste falls from the mesh on the wall of the separation drum through the guide plate to the upper side of the vibrating screen. Coarse objects separated in the separation drum, such as cloth bags and lumps, will enter the guide cylinder from the discharge port of the lump under the action of the corrugated teeth, and the guide cylinder will communicate with the collection box to reuse the waste. The lower end of the vibrating screen communicates with the guide cylinder, the lower end of the vibrating screen communicates with the lower end port of the sealing bucket, and the lower end port communicates with the upper port of the square sealing tube. The side wall of the square sealing tube is equipped with an electromagnet, and a magnetic track is formed between the two electromagnets. . The lower port of the square sealing tube is the lead powder outlet 2.

The vibrating sieve sieves out the blocky waste from the lead powder, and then outputs it to the guide cylinder from the block discharge port. After the waste lead powder screened out by the sieve passes through the magnetic track in the square sealed tube, the iron impurities contained in it are adsorbed on the electromagnet, and the waste lead powder is collected and enters each lead powder storage bin. The discharge pipe 13 at the lower end of each lead powder storage bin communicates with the feed port of the fourth lead powder conveyor 14 through the discharge valve 15, and the discharge port of the fourth lead powder conveyor passes through another lifting conveyor 12 and the third lead powder conveyor. The lead powder conveyor 9 communicates with the feed inlets of the two mixing paste machines 10, and the waste lead powder is mixed into the lead powder produced by electrolytic lead grinding in proportion in the paste mixing machine, and the mixture is reused.

In a word, the present invention can automatically separate and recycle lead hazardous solid waste, effectively solve the environmental pollution problem of lead hazardous solid waste, and has the advantages of simple structure, low recycling cost, high resource recycling rate, and good energy saving and environmental protection effect.

Claims (10)

1. the recovery of the dangerous solid waste of lead and a method for utilization, is characterized in that: comprise the steps,

(1) dangerous for the lead that produce in point brushing piece operation of battery manufacture solid waste is collected, to metal composition, purposes, the quantity of the dangerous solid waste of lead, have and clearly record;

(2) the dangerous solid waste of lead is separated in a sealed meter environment, impurity elimination, purification, obtain scrap lead powder;

(3) the scrap lead powder obtained is marked by metal composition, purposes, quantity, and sort out storage;

(4) get the metal composition of storage, scrap lead powder that purposes is identical, mix with the lead powder ground by electrolytic lead, scrap lead powder adds weight: the lead powder weight that electrolytic lead grinds is 10 ~ 20: 100;

(5) mixture is put in paste mixing machine, stir, recycling.

2. by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: collection, the separation of the dangerous solid waste of described lead complete in sealed states.

3. by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: metal composition, the purposes of the lead powder that described electrolytic lead grinds and scrap lead powder are identical.

4. realize the plumbous recovery of dangerous solid waste and a system for Application way, formed primarily of lead powder conveyer, elevating conveyor, electromagnetic sieve seperator, it is characterized in that: comprise,

Electromagnetic sieve seperator, electromagnetic sieve seperator is positioned at seal funnel, the interior upper shaft of seal funnel is provided with separation barrel, separation barrel is horizontal, the seal funnel corresponding with its side is provided with and the charging aperture communicated in this side separation barrel, the opposite side seal funnel corresponding with charging aperture is provided with the block material row mouth being positioned at separation barrel lower end, block material row mouth communicates guide, the motor driving separation barrel to rotate is positioned at seal funnel outer upper end, motor is rotated by driving-belt and pulley drive separation barrel axle, vibratory sieve is tilting in the seal funnel of separation barrel lower end, communicate on the downside of vibratory sieve lower end guide, vibratory sieve lower end communicates with the lower end port of seal funnel, lower end port communicates quad seal pipe upper port, the sidewall of quad seal pipe is provided with electromagnet, magnetic track is formed between two electromagnets, guide communicates collecting box, quad seal infratubal port is for going out lead powder mouth, this goes out lead powder mouth and to communicate the charging aperture of the first lead powder conveyer,

Lead powder conveyer, lead powder conveyer is arranged in the circular tube shaped housing of sealing, one end upper side wall of circular tube shaped housing is provided with charging aperture, the other end lower wall of circular tube shaped housing is provided with discharging opening, what charging aperture communicated electromagnetic sieve seperator goes out lead powder mouth, reduction box and motor is provided with outside one end of circular tube shaped housing, axle bed is provided with outside the other end of circular tube shaped housing, the helical gear shaft being arranged in circular tube shaped housing is provided with screw propulsion sheet, helical gear shaft one end is coupling through circular tube shaped housing axial line and axle bed, the helical gear shaft other end is connected with reduction gearbox output shaft, the power shaft of driven by motor reduction box,

Elevating conveyor, elevating conveyor is by can, promote sprocket wheel, sprocket wheel axle bed, lifting chain, promote hopper, lifting motor, support, charging aperture and discharging opening formed, sprocket shaft seat is positioned at the upper of can, lower end, on two sprocket wheel axle beds, axle is provided with lifting sprocket wheel respectively, lifting chain is looped around between two lifting sprocket wheels, on lifting chain, spacing distance is provided with lifting hopper, support is positioned at outside can upper end, support is installed with lifting motor, lifting motor is driven by conveyer belt and promotes sprocket wheel running, what the charging aperture being positioned at can lower end communicated electromagnetic sieve seperator by the first lead powder conveyer sealing goes out lead powder mouth, the discharging opening being positioned at can upper end is communicated by the second lead powder conveyer and stores up lead powder storehouse, the discharge nozzle of lower end, each storage lead powder storehouse is communicated by the charging aperture of discharge valve with the 4th lead powder conveyer, the discharging opening of the 4th lead powder conveyer is communicated by another elevating conveyor and the 3rd lead powder conveyer the charging aperture of two paste mixing machines.

5., by system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described separation barrel is net walls, or barrel is densely covered with mesh, separation barrel madial wall is provided with corrugated teeth.

6. by system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: in the space between the separation barrel of described block material row mouth end and vibratory sieve top, be provided with guide plate.

7., by system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the product magnetic coil of described electromagnet is positioned at outside quad seal pipe.

8. by system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described vibratory sieve is made up of screen box, screen cloth, screen box support, support spring, vibrator, screen box support is connected with corresponding seal funnel inwall, screen cloth is installed in screen box lower end, corner, screen box lower end and support spring upper end affixed, support spring lower end is installed on screen box support, and vibrator is positioned on screen box one sidewall, and motor drives vibrator vibration by shaft coupling.

9. by system according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described screen box is that three faces have gear edge, simultaneously uncovered dustpan-shaped screen box.

10. by system according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described screen box and screen cloth and horizontal angle are 20 ~ 30 °.