CN103061914A - Piston ring coated with wear-resistant layer on surface and surface processing process of piston ring - Google Patents

Piston ring coated with wear-resistant layer on surface and surface processing process of piston ring Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103061914A
CN103061914A CN2013100142296A CN201310014229A CN103061914A CN 103061914 A CN103061914 A CN 103061914A CN 2013100142296 A CN2013100142296 A CN 2013100142296A CN 201310014229 A CN201310014229 A CN 201310014229A CN 103061914 A CN103061914 A CN 103061914A
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piston ring
wear
ring
plating
heat treatment
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CN103061914B (en
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陆军
张立新
杨春梅
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Changsha Zhengyuan Power Technology Co., Ltd.
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HUNAN ZHENGYUANDONGLI PARTS CO Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a piston ring coated with a wear-resistant layer on the surface and a surface processing process of the piston ring. The wear-resistant layer on the side of the piston ring is a Ni-P chemical plating HV460-600 in hardness, so that the wear-resistant layer can be well matched with an annular groove of a wear-resistant embedding ring, side wear resistance of the ring is improved, and mechanical performance of the piston ring can be improved. The process includes: pretreating the piston ring with Ni-P chemical plating and thermal treatment, then placing the piston ring in plating solution at 80-95 DEG C, soaking for 15-20 minutes, washing, drying, and preserving heat at 290-310 DEG C for 2-4.5 hours. The process is simple in procedures, environment-friendly, low in cost, and better than chromium plating and nitridation.

Description

The piston ring of surface coverage wearing layer and process of surface treatment thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of piston ring and process of surface treatment thereof of surface coverage wearing layer, belong to the piston ring surface processing technology field.
Background technique
Piston ring is as the heart component of internal-combustion engine key, and its usability requires more and more higher, and especially the wear resistance on surface becomes one of important indicator of weighing its performance.For improving piston ring excircle face wear resistance, generally adopt the technology such as periphery chromium plating, sprayed molybdenum, CKS, PVD, basically guarantee the wear resistance of piston ring excircle face, but encircled not coating of side.Friction pair both sides' hardness must be mated, and could obtain good abrasive effect, and the piston ring side is with the piston abrasion-proof inserted ring Friction pairs matching time, ring side spheroidal graphite cast iron surface hardness value HV340, the ring groove surface HV306 of abrasion-proof inserted ring, both ratio are 1.11, and side HV is lower.Simultaneously because 2～5% strip and block is arranged in the abrasion-proof inserted ring, with the carbide of corner angle, its HV is up to 1250, and the spheroidal graphite iron ring side of HV340 is formed plough-effect, makes the ring side abrasion larger.
Spheroidal graphite cast iron and steel pistons ring surface are processed flash commonly used, such as chromium plating, nitrogenize etc. at present.Nitrogenize, chromium plating activity time approximately 5 hours, technique are complicated.Chromium plating affects environmental protection, and cost is higher; Nitrogenize productivity is low, and cost is also higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of piston ring of surface coverage wearing layer, is intended to improve the side hardness value, is used for mating the annular groove of abrasion-proof inserted ring, reduces the wearing and tearing of ring side; Provide simultaneously that a kind of operation is simple, environmental protection, piston ring surface treatment process that cost is low.
Solution of the present invention is: a kind of piston ring of surface coverage wearing layer, its side wearing layer is the Ni-P chemical deposit.
Piston ring Ni-P chemical deposit thickness 0.002～0.004mm, hardness number HV460～600.
Above-mentioned piston ring side Ni-P chemical plating and heat treatment process may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation contains the NiSO that concentration is 25-45g/L 46H 2The NaH of O, 15-28g/L 2PO 2H 2The pH of the stabilizer of the sodium borate of the natrium citricum of O, 10-25g/L, the sodium acetate of 15-25g/L, 8-10g/L, the wetting agent of 0.05-0.1g/L, 20-40mg/L and the brightening agent of 2-4mg/L is the plating bath of 4.0-6.0;
(2) with the piston ring surface pretreatment;
(3) piston ring that pretreatment is complete is put into 80～95 ℃ plating bath, soaks 15～20 minutes;
(4) piston ring that plated film is complete takes out, cleaning, drying;
(5) heat treatment: at 290-310 ℃, be incubated 2-4.5 hour, cool off with stove.
The wherein available known wetting agent of step (1), stabilizer and brightening agent.As preferably, wetting agent is polyethyleneglycol, and stabilizer is iodate, and brightening agent is cadmium salt.
Heat treatment in the above-mentioned steps (5) is preferably at 300 ℃, is incubated 4-4.5 hour, cools off with stove.
Above-mentioned steps provide a kind of in Phosphorus Ni-P chemical plating process, middle phosphorus refers to behind the plated film that phosphorus content is the 6-9%(mass ratio in the rete).
Side covering Ni-P chemical deposit provided by the invention has the following advantages as the piston ring of wearing layer:
(1) Ni-P chemical deposit hardness number HV460～600 reach more than 1.5 times of abrasion-proof inserted ring annular groove HV306, can well mate the annular groove of abrasion-proof inserted ring, have effectively improved the wear resistance of piston ring side;
(2) observe under the ESEM, Ni-P coating is evenly fine and close, and the surface is cell structure, helps to improve wear resistance;
(3) Ni-P coating HV is more than 1.5 times of piston ring side spheroidal graphite cast iron HV340, and little than vntreated spheroidal graphite cast iron of coating friction factor, the wear-resisting property of the ring side that has been greatly improved;
(4) film-substrate cohesion of Ni-P coating is good, and coating and piston ring side spheroidal graphite cast iron base material adhesive strength are good;
(5) the mutation adaptive capacity of the relative piston ring operating temperature of Ni-P coating is stronger, can improve the wear resistance of high temperature lower piston ring;
(6) Ni-P coating has the linear expansion coeffcient close with iron and steel, and is in service at piston ring, and coating difficult drop-off or peel off is better than chromium plating, nitride layer.
Short, operation of piston ring Ni-P chemical plating process production process time provided by the invention is simple, environmental protection, cost are low, is better than chromium plating, nitriding process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is piston ring, piston abrasion-proof inserted ring sectional drawing.
Fig. 2 is Ni before the heat treatment of Ni-P chemical deposit 3P hard phasor.
Fig. 3 is Ni after the heat treatment of Ni-P chemical deposit 3P hard phasor.
Fig. 4 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of Ni-P chemical deposit surface topography.
Fig. 5 is Ni-P chemical deposit surface pressing pit figure.
Fig. 6 is piston ring sample and abrasion-proof inserted ring state of wear figure in the accelerated wear test.
Fig. 7 is the lower four kinds of friction factor comparison diagrams that pairing is secondary of 100MPa in the accelerated wear test.
Fig. 8 is the secondary total wear extent comparison diagram under 100MPa of upper and lower sample pairing in the accelerated wear test.
Fig. 9 is common ductile iron piston ring service testing comparison diagram for piston ring and the side of adopting the Ni-P chemical deposit to make the side wearing layer.
Among the figure 1 is the piston ring side, the 2nd, and piston ring excircle face, the 3rd, the annular groove of piston abrasion-proof inserted ring, the 4th, plating Ni-P side, the 5th, common spheroidal graphite cast iron side.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, below be explained with embodiment.Need to prove, following examples only as enumerating, should not be considered as the restriction to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 prepares the piston ring that the side covers the Ni-P chemical deposit by following step:
(1) preparation of plating bath.Press NiSO 46H 2O:35g/L; NaH 2PO 2H 2O:20g/L; Natrium citricum: 18g/L; Sodium acetate: 20g/L; Sodium borate: 9g/L; Polyethyleneglycol: 0.05-0.1g/L; Iodate: 20-40mg/L; The concentration proportioning configuration plating bath of cadmium salt: 2-4mg/L.Configuration during plating bath first with NiSO 46H 2O, natrium citricum, sodium acetate, sodium borate, polyethyleneglycol, iodate and cadmium salt join in the coating bath after mixing, and are added to 2/3 of coating bath nominal volume with distilled water, and heating is stirred to medicine and dissolves fully.Again with NaH 2PO 2H 2O puts into separately a bucket, adds the distilled water of coating bath rated capacity 1/3, pours coating bath after the stirring and dissolving into.Heat up, regulate pH to 5.4 depending on plating bath pH size with dilute sulfuric acid or ammoniacal liquor, be warming up to 85 ℃;
(2) piston ring surface pretreatment: the piston ring upper hanger after gasoline cleans that periphery has been covered chromium coating; In Ultrasonic Cleaners, put into the degreasing agent of 10-20%, intensification 40-80 ℃, ultrasonic cleaning; Flow and wash; Be lower than 10% sulfuric acid cleaned with concentration; Flow and wash; 55-65 ℃ of Hot Wash;
(3) plated film: the piston ring that pretreatment is complete is put into bath trough, keeps 85 ℃, and plated film 15～20 minutes takes out washing and oven dry.Can adjust the plated film time according to thickness of coating in the coating process;
(4) heat treatment: in the time of 300 ℃, be incubated and cool off with stove after 4-4.5 hour.The Ni-P film is because separating out more Ni after the heat treatment 3P, and be deposited on the front Ni of heat treatment 3On the P hard-phase particles, its surface area is increased, cause the hard phase gross area of material unit area to increase (such as Fig. 2,3), cause surperficial HV value to increase.
Must arrive the piston ring that the side is coated with the Ni-P chemical deposit through above-mentioned steps, thickness of coating 0.0025～0.0040mm, HV580～600.Scanning electron microscopic observation Ni-P chemical deposit surface topography such as Fig. 4, Ni-P coating covers the piston ring side substantially, and coating is fine and close, and the surface is cell structure, helps to improve wear resistance.
Embodiment 2 presses NiSO according to embodiment 1 method 46H 2O:25g/L; NaH 2PO 2H 2O:28g/L; Natrium citricum: 18g/L; Sodium acetate: 20g/L; Sodium borate: 9g/L; Polyethyleneglycol: 0.05-0.1g/L; Iodate: 20-40mg/L; The concentration proportioning configuration plating bath of cadmium salt: 2-4mg/L is regulated pH to 5.5.After the piston ring pretreatment, put into bath trough, keep 90 ℃, plated film 15～20 minutes takes out washing and oven dry.In the time of 300 ℃, be incubated and cool off with stove after 2-4.5 hour.Increase surface HV value increase along with holding time.Must arrive the piston ring that the side is coated with the Ni-P chemical deposit, thickness of coating 0.002 ~ 0.0025mm, HV460～600.
Embodiment 3 presses NiSO according to embodiment 1 method 46H 2O:45g/L; NaH 2PO 2H 2O:15g/L; Natrium citricum: 18g/L; Sodium acetate: 20g/L; Sodium borate: 9g/L; Polyethyleneglycol: 0.05-0.1g/L; Iodate: 20-40mg/L; The concentration proportioning configuration plating bath of cadmium salt: 2-4mg/L is regulated pH to 5.After the piston ring pretreatment, put into bath trough, keep 90 ℃, plated film 15～20 minutes takes out washing and oven dry.In the time of 290 ℃, be incubated and cool off with stove after 2 hours.Must arrive the piston ring that the side is coated with the Ni-P chemical deposit, thickness of coating 0.002 ~ 0.0025mm, HV460～480.
Embodiment 4 presses NiSO according to embodiment 1 method 46H 2O:25g/L; NaH 2PO 2H 2O:15g/L; Natrium citricum: 10g/L; Sodium acetate: 15g/L; Sodium borate: 8g/L; Polyethyleneglycol: 0.05-0.1g/L; Iodate: 20-40mg/L; The concentration proportioning configuration plating bath of cadmium salt: 2-4mg/L is regulated pH to 4.After the piston ring pretreatment, put into bath trough, keep 80 ℃, plated film 15～20 minutes takes out washing and oven dry.In the time of 290 ℃, be incubated and cool off with stove after 4-4.5 hour.Must arrive the piston ring that the side is coated with the Ni-P chemical deposit, thickness of coating 0.002 ~ 0.0025mm, HV580～600.
Embodiment 5 presses NiSO according to embodiment 1 method 46H 2O:45g/L; NaH 2PO 2H 2O:28g/L; Natrium citricum: 25g/L; Sodium acetate: 25g/L; Sodium borate: 10g/L; Polyethyleneglycol: 0.05-0.1g/L; Iodate: 20-40mg/L; The concentration proportioning configuration plating bath of cadmium salt: 2-4mg/L is regulated pH to 6.After the piston ring pretreatment, put into bath trough, keep 95 ℃, plated film 15～20 minutes takes out washing and oven dry.In the time of 310 ℃, be incubated and cool off with stove after 2-4.5 hour.Must arrive the piston ring that the side is coated with the Ni-P chemical deposit, thickness of coating 0.0035 ~ 0.0040mm, HV460～600.
The piston ring that side of the present invention is covered the Ni-P chemical deposit is done following testing property experiment:
Experiment 1 is when ambient temperature during greater than 310 ℃ to 400 ℃, and the rising of the HV value of Ni-P coating is when piston ring (general work temperature＜400 ℃) under abnormal temperature, can improve the wear resistance of high temperature lower piston ring.But because the existing chromium coating of piston ring excircle face, when chromium coating was higher than 320 ℃ in temperature, its HV obviously began to descend, and has a strong impact on the usability of piston ring, so this chemical plating and heat treatment process heat treatment temperature the best are 290-310 ℃.
The film base of experiment 2Ni-P chemical deposit is in conjunction with test
Press the ASTM standard, the piston ring that the side is covered the Ni-P chemical deposit is put into Muffle furnace, is warmed up to 250 ℃, is incubated 1 hour, takes out piston ring and quench the cold water in stove.The caudacoria of quenching does not have bubbling, does not have crackle, light is complete, meets the requirements fully.
With reference to the Hauzer method, adopt the HRB method of measurement, load 100kgf.The load mould figure that the Ni-P chemical deposit is measured sees Fig. 5, penetrating crack do not occur, and is qualified.
Test 3 piston rings-piston austenite edge circle accelerated wear test
Test is adopted four kinds, and the piston ring of ipsilateral processing mode is not as upper sample, and austenitic cast iron edge circle forms different friction pairing pairs, piston ring sample side feature such as table 1 as lower sample.
Table 1 piston ring (spheroidal graphite cast iron) sample side feature
Numbering Piston ring sample side feature
1# Spheroidal graphite cast iron (without coating)
2# Plating Ni-P(is by embodiment's 1 chemical plating process, not heat treatment)
3# Plating Ni-P＜by embodiment's 1 chemical plating and heat treatment process 〉
4# Plating Ni-P＜low-phosphorous (phosphorus content in the rete＜6%), not heat treatment 〉
Test is carried out at the reciprocating friction wear testing machine.Testing machine rotating speed 200r/min, 110 ℃ of temperature, load 100MPa, test period is 4h.Piston ring sample and abrasion-proof inserted ring state of wear such as Fig. 6 from left to right are 1#, 2#, 3#, 4# sample successively.The secondary friction factor of the lower four kinds of pairings of 100MPa condition is to such as Fig. 7, and as seen from the figure, it is minimum that 3# matches secondary friction factor.The secondary total wear extent under 100MPa of upper and lower sample pairing is to such as Fig. 8, as seen from the figure, and total wear extent minimum of the upper sample of 3# and lower sample pairing pair.Test result shows that plating Ni-P and the sample after 300 ℃ of insulations heat treatment in 4-4.5 hour and the secondary combination property of piston austenite abrasion-proof edge circle pairing are optimum, and friction factor is minimum, and total wear extent is minimum.
Test 4 service testings
Employing Ni-P coating is made the piston ring coupling abrasion-proof inserted ring of side wearing layer and common ductile iron piston ring and the abrasion-proof inserted ring of non-side processing made the entrucking comparative trial.Selecting vehicle is BJ1021MT42, and engine model is YC4F90-21.Wherein first ring periphery all adopts the flat ring of CKS ball, one, three cylinder sides plating Ni-P wearing layer (by embodiment's 1 chemical plating and heat treatment process); Two, four cylinders The side isGeneral spheroidal graphite cast iron base material; Oil ring all adopts CrN steel oil ring, and concurrence has been sailed 26511km.Experiment is divided into three phases: (1) running-in period.Moved 1593km; (2) the complete at full speed process of carrying.Full speed running 20563km, the highest 125km/h of the speed of a motor vehicle; (3) overload 50% and 100%(load are that 150%, 200% of load rating 500kg is 725kg, 1000kg) concurrence sails 4355km.Result such as Fig. 9.The side covers its side surface of piston ring of Ni-P coating without obvious polishing scratch and step, side abrasion amount less (wear extent is about 0.01mm); Common spheroidal graphite cast iron ring surface polishing scratch and step are obvious, and wearing and tearing are large (wear extent is about 0.04mm).By entrucking valid certificates on the spot: it is minimum that Ni-P coating is made piston ring side little, the total wear extent of wearing layer coupling piston abrasion-proof inserted ring friction, efficiently solves this matching problem to friction pair of piston ring side and piston abrasion-proof inserted ring.

Claims (5)

1. the piston ring of a surface coverage wearing layer is characterized in that the side wearing layer is the Ni-P chemical deposit.
2. according to the piston ring of surface coverage wearing layer claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that Ni-P chemical deposit thickness 0.002～0.004mm, hardness number HV460～600.
3. side Ni-P chemical plating and the heat treatment process of the described piston ring of claim 2 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation contains the NiSO that concentration is 25-45g/L 46H 2The NaH of O, 15-28g/L 2PO 2H 2The pH of the stabilizer of the sodium borate of the natrium citricum of O, 10-25g/L, the sodium acetate of 15-25g/L, 8-10g/L, the wetting agent of 0.05-0.1g/L, 20-40mg/L and the brightening agent of 2-4mg/L is the plating bath of 4.0-6.0;
(2) with the piston ring surface pretreatment;
(3) piston ring that pretreatment is complete is put into 80～95 ℃ plating bath, soaks 15～20 minutes;
(4) piston ring that plated film is complete takes out, cleaning, drying;
(5) heat treatment: at 290-310 ℃, be incubated 2-4.5 hour, cool off with stove.
4. according to Ni-P chemical plating claimed in claim 3 and heat treatment process, it is characterized in that the wetting agent in the step (1) is polyethyleneglycol, stabilizer is iodate, and brightening agent is cadmium salt.
5. according to Ni-P chemical plating claimed in claim 3 and heat treatment process, it is characterized in that the heat treatment in the step (5) is at 300 ℃, be incubated 4-4.5 hour, cool off with stove.
CN201310014229.6A 2013-01-15 2013-01-15 Piston ring coated with wear-resistant layer on surface and surface processing process of piston ring Active CN103061914B (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107313054A (en) * 2017-07-12 2017-11-03 安徽凯密克企业管理咨询有限公司 A kind of cleaning of piston of automobile
CN113798156A (en) * 2021-07-05 2021-12-17 安庆雅德帝伯活塞有限公司 Piston surface modification and strengthening process

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CN102021614A (en) * 2009-09-22 2011-04-20 曹军 High-brightness nickel-plated brightening agent
CN102560450A (en) * 2012-01-18 2012-07-11 湖南正圆动力配件有限公司 Process for coating nickel transition layer
CN202348467U (en) * 2011-11-01 2012-07-25 平湖比尔安达新材料科技有限公司 Abrasion-resistant piston ring
CN102644067A (en) * 2012-03-28 2012-08-22 广州鸿葳科技股份有限公司 Method for chemically plating double-layer Ni-P plating layer

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GB2277139A (en) * 1993-04-08 1994-10-19 Teikoku Piston Ring Co Ltd Piston ring
JPH0959793A (en) * 1995-08-21 1997-03-04 Kobe Steel Ltd Wear resistant member excellent in slidability with hard chromium plating
CN1224075A (en) * 1998-12-24 1999-07-28 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 Brightener for chemical nickel plating
CN101024879A (en) * 2007-02-09 2007-08-29 中国重型汽车集团有限公司 Chemical plating liquid of high-phosphor chemical plating Ni-P alloy for use on 304 stainless steel surface
CN101498255A (en) * 2009-03-04 2009-08-05 仪征双环活塞环有限公司 Side rapid chrome plating piston ring and processing method
CN102021614A (en) * 2009-09-22 2011-04-20 曹军 High-brightness nickel-plated brightening agent
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CN102002692A (en) * 2010-12-11 2011-04-06 大连大学 Chemical plating Ni (nickel)-P (phosphorus)/Ni-P-PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) compound structure plating layer and preparation process
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CN102644067A (en) * 2012-03-28 2012-08-22 广州鸿葳科技股份有限公司 Method for chemically plating double-layer Ni-P plating layer

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107313054A (en) * 2017-07-12 2017-11-03 安徽凯密克企业管理咨询有限公司 A kind of cleaning of piston of automobile
CN113798156A (en) * 2021-07-05 2021-12-17 安庆雅德帝伯活塞有限公司 Piston surface modification and strengthening process
CN113798156B (en) * 2021-07-05 2024-06-11 安庆雅德帝伯活塞有限公司 Piston surface modification strengthening process

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Patentee before: Hunan ZhengYuanDongli Parts Co., Ltd.