Be suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting is used
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting is used that is suitable for.Belong to multiple fertilizer with without the mixture of special fertilizer efficiency component.
Background technology
Corn is important food crop and cash crop, has statistics to show that its output and cultivated area are only second to paddy rice and wheat, occupy the third place in the world.In the people's livelihood and national economy, occupy critical role.Effectively utilize the Limited Land resource, the yield and quality that improves corn crop is people's direction of making great efforts and eternal problem.
The mineral element that corn growth need to absorb is kind more than 20 nearly, mainly contains nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of macroelement of potassium; The major elements such as Calcium Magnesium Sulphur and iron, manganese, boron, copper.The trace element such as zinc, sodium.The nitrogen element of corn growth demand is maximum, and phosphoric takes second place, and potassium element is minimum.In addition, zinc element is to the synthetic active effect that plays of the Endogenous auxins such as indolylacetic acid in the Corn, ferro element one of the element that can be absolutely necessary to the content that improves the corn product Determination of Chlorophyll.
The high-quality nitrogenous fertilizer that urea is nitrogenous height, fertilizer efficiency is fast, consumption is large.But, urea in use, run off by approach such as volatilization, leaching, decomposition and runoffs easily, cause the fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio not high, according to statistics, the this season utilization ratio only has about 30%, and this has not only caused the waste of chemical fertilizer, and the environment of depending on for existence for mankind such as atmosphere, water body soil.
Chinese patent application number 201110021688.8 " biodegradable coated ureas " of Shikefeng Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.'s application have successfully solved the above problem that urea nitrogenous fertilizer exists, the stearic acid that utilization can be degraded under the soil microorganisms effect is as the coated fertilizer of nitrogenous fertilizer urea, provide a kind of coated fertilizer biodegradable, pollution-free, can improve again the biodegradable coated urea product of the utilization ratio of fertilizer.But it is a kind of high-quality nitrogenous fertilizer, and nutritive ingredient is single, can not be as the slow release fertilizer that is suitable for corn planting and uses.
Phosphorus is the important composition element of cytoplasmic biomolecule, also is the requisite a kind of element of plant-growth.Phosphatic rock is the main raw mineral materials of making phosphate fertilizer and extracting phosphorus and compound thereof; But make the P in the phosphate fertilizer requirement phosphatic rock
2O
5〉=28%; Extract the phosphatic rock P that phosphorus and compound thereof require
2O
5Content higher.
And along with the development of phosphorus chemical product and Phosphate Fertilizer Industry, the ground phosphate rock requirement increases sharply, and the higher-grade phosphate rock resource is deficient.The mode of production that only depends on rich phosphorus ore can not meet the demands.In this case, the development and use of the phosphatic rock resource that grade is not high, no matter for economizing on resources, or protection of the environment is all significant.
In sum, there is following deficiency in corn special-purpose fertilizer of the prior art:
1.. the multilayer coating, complex manufacturing, investment is large, production cost is high.
2. coated fertilizer hard degradation, life-time service can bring negative impact to soil; Even soil polluted, affect the quality of agricultural-food.
3. the main nutrient elements proportioning in the fertilizer is unreasonable, and the fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio is low.
4. lack necessary middle amount or trace element, the hypotrophy face affects output increased.
4. utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is low, waste resource, contaminate environment.
5. it is also rare to be suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting uses.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to avoid above-mentioned weak point of the prior art; and provide a kind of comprehensive nutrition; sustained release performance is excellent; can fully satisfy corn to the demand of nutrient; bring into play to greatest extent the effectiveness of fertilizer; can improve corn yield and can improve again its quality, namely economize on resources, protection of the environment is suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting is used again.
Purpose of the present invention can reach by following measure:
Of the present inventionly be suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting is used, it is characterized in that being made by following raw material according to the mass fraction meter:
Wherein:
Described mixed phosphorus fertilizer is composited by diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and floats, and its mass percent is for example lower:
Diammonium phosphate 45~60
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 15~35
Floats 10~35
Described floats are P
2O
5The low grade rock phosphate of content between 10%~20%;
Described granulation aid is comprised of the wilkinite of 70%-85% and the bauxitic clay powder mixing of 30%-15%;
Its preparation method comprises the steps:
1.. the preparation of potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture
At first behind urea 30~45 weight part heating and meltings, add ammonium sulfate 5~40 weight parts and vitriolate of tartar 20~35 weight parts and mix, make the potash fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer mixture that contain potassium, sulphur, ammonium, for subsequent use;
2.. the mixed phosphorus fertilizer preparation
A. the preparation of floats
To contain P
2O
510%~20% phosphatic rock grinds, the fineness of floats is controlled 100 orders ± 10, and is for subsequent use;
B. mix
With floats 10~35 weight part mixings of diammonium phosphate 45~60 weight parts, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 15~35 weight parts and step a preparation, for subsequent use;
3.. the preparation of each component composite grain of compound manure
Mixed phosphorus fertilizer 15~35 weight parts that 2. potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture and the step that 1. step is prepared prepare, zinc, iron additive 0.1~0.5 weight part mix evenly, add granulating agent 7~10 weight parts, and water is an amount of.Utilize traditional tablets press with each component mixing granulation of described compound manure, for subsequent use;
4.. stearic acid is filmed
Stearic consumption is 1.0%~3.0% of each component composite grain quality of compound manure of 3. preparing of step, and coating method is as follows:
A.. the stearic preparation of melting
Coating after according to the prescription accurate-metering, in the input stearic acid fusion tank, is heated to molten state with stearic acid, and is for subsequent use;
B.. coating
3. each the component composite grain of compound manure for preparing according to prescription accurate-metering step, melting stearic acid with step a preparation carries out spraying outside the particle in drum-type mixing granulation machine, makes the composite grain outside surface form as far as possible uniformly coating, warm air drying, the cooling of room temperature wind, for subsequent use; Processing condition are as follows:
The warm air drying temperature is not higher than 80 ℃
The cooling draught temperature is not higher than 50 ℃;
5.. modified zeolite powder powder body material face powder
A. the face powder preparation of mixed powder
According to Magnesium Stearate 1.0%~11%, the proportioning raw materials of zeolite powder 89%~99% accurately takes by weighing respectively each component of raw material, mix, and grinding flour, the control powder fineness is crossed 120 mesh sieves, and is for subsequent use;
B. the coating of applying powder
The mixed powder consumption of step a preparation is controlled at every 1000kg granular urea face powder 5~15kg;
6.. screening, metering, quality test, qualified rear packing makes and is suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting is used; The products obtained therefrom particle appearance is mellow and full, the product free from extraneous odour;
Quality product reaches following technical indicator:
N constituent content % 〉=15
P
2O
5Content % 〉=10
K
2O content % 〉=10
Grain graininess mm 2~4.75mm
Moisture content wt%≤2.0.
Crop growth is except demand N, P, K nutritive element, and S, Ca also are that demand is large and are that plant generates indispensable nutritive element.Sulphur is the important composition that consists of protein, and calcium is being brought into play irreplaceable vital role to the rudiment of plant seed and the growth of organ.S, Ca element enter the compound manure component, all can produce positively effect at plant growth, prevention and elimination of disease and pests and improvement soil aspect many.
Element sulphur in the composition of raw materials of the present invention adds with the form of soluble sulphate, and large percentage, and the fourth-largest nutritive element that plant growth is necessary is for corn directly provides the sulphur nutrient.Phosphatic rock component in the prescription mixed phosphorus fertilizer provides calcium constituent simultaneously except containing phosphoric, with other components in the composition of raw materials, compatibility is good, is fit to corn growth.To improving output and the quality of corn.Made contribution.
Purpose of the present invention can also reach by following measure:
Of the present inventionly be suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting is used, it is characterized in that being made by following raw material according to the mass fraction meter:
Wherein:
Described mixed phosphorus fertilizer is composited by diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and floats, and its mass percent is for example lower:
Diammonium phosphate 45~60
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 15~35
Floats 10~35.
It is preferred technical scheme.
Of the present inventionly be suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting is used, it is characterized in that being made by following raw material according to the mass fraction meter:
Wherein:
Described mixed phosphorus fertilizer is composited by diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and floats, and its mass percent is for example lower:
Diammonium phosphate 50
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 30
Floats 20.
It is a preferred technical scheme.
The application process that is suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting uses of the present invention is characterized in that trench digging imposes on below the earth's surface base fertilizer: 40~60Kg mu; Topdress: 30~40Kg/ mu.
Of the present inventionly be suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting is used, compared to existing technology by following positively effect:
1. a kind of comprehensive nutrition is provided; sustained release performance is excellent, can fully satisfy corn to the demand of nutrient, brings into play to greatest extent the effectiveness of fertilizer; can improve corn yield and can improve again its quality, namely economize on resources, protection of the environment is suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting is used again.
2. individual layer coating, generating process is simple, low equipment investment, production cost is low.
3. coated fertilizer can be degraded under the soil microorganisms effect, has avoided the pollution of coated fertilizer to edatope.
4. the main nutrient elements reasonable ratio in the fertilizer, the element sulphur in the composition of raw materials adds with the form of soluble sulphate, and large percentage, and the fourth-largest nutritive element that plant growth is necessary is for corn directly provides the sulphur nutrient.The fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio is high, improves output and the quality of corn.
5. adopt the raw material of low grade as fertilizer sources.The higher-grade phosphate rock resource of saves valuable.The while protection of the environment.
6. because of chloride ion-containing not, be used for corn special-purpose fertilizer, have the effect of increasing production and improying productivity.Average mu volume increase 4.7%~12.3%.
Embodiment
The present invention will now be further detailed embodiment:
Embodiment 1
Prepare in accordance with the following steps the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting is used that is suitable for of the present invention
Its preparation method comprises the steps:
1.. the preparation of potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture
At first behind the urea 30 weight part heating and meltings, add ammonium sulfate 10 weight parts and vitriolate of tartar 25 weight parts and mix, make the potash fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer mixture that contain potassium, sulphur, ammonium, for subsequent use;
2.. the mixed phosphorus fertilizer preparation
A. the preparation of floats
To contain P
2O
510%~20% phosphatic rock grinds, the fineness of floats is controlled 100 orders ± 10, and is for subsequent use;
B. mix
With the floats 20 weight part mixings of diammonium phosphate 50 weight parts, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 30 weight parts and step a preparation, for subsequent use;
3.. the preparation of each component composite grain of compound manure
Mixed phosphorus fertilizer 27 weight parts that 2. potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture and the step that 1. step is prepared prepare, zinc, iron additive 0.5 weight part mix evenly, add granulating agent 7.5 weight parts, and water is an amount of.Utilize traditional tablets press with each component mixing granulation of described compound manure, for subsequent use;
4.. stearic acid is filmed
Stearic consumption is 1.0%~3.0% of each component composite grain quality of compound manure of 3. preparing of step, and coating method is as follows:
A.. the stearic preparation of melting
Coating after according to the prescription accurate-metering, in the input stearic acid fusion tank, is heated to molten state with stearic acid, and is for subsequent use;
B.. coating
3. each the component composite grain of compound manure for preparing according to prescription accurate-metering step, melting stearic acid with step a preparation carries out spraying outside the particle in drum-type mixing granulation machine, makes the composite grain outside surface form as far as possible uniformly coating, warm air drying, the cooling of room temperature wind, for subsequent use; Processing condition are as follows:
The warm air drying temperature is not higher than 80 ℃
The cooling draught temperature is not higher than 50 ℃;
5.. modified zeolite powder powder body material face powder
A. the face powder preparation of mixed powder
According to Magnesium Stearate 1.0%~11%, the proportioning raw materials of zeolite powder 89%~99% accurately takes by weighing respectively each component of raw material, mix, and grinding flour, the control powder fineness is crossed 120 mesh sieves, and is for subsequent use;
B. the coating of applying powder
The mixed powder consumption of step a preparation is controlled at every 1000kg granular urea face powder 5~15kg;
6.. screening, metering, quality test, qualified rear packing makes and is suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting is used; The products obtained therefrom particle appearance is mellow and full, the product free from extraneous odour;
Quality product reaches following technical indicator:
N constituent content % 〉=15
P
2O
5Content % 〉=10
K
2O content % 〉=10
Grain graininess mm 2~4.75mm
Moisture content wt%≤2.0.
Embodiment 2~embodiment 7
According to method and the step of embodiment 1, prepare the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting is used that is suitable for of the present invention according to the composition of raw materials of table 1
Table 1
Make and be suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting is used; The products obtained therefrom particle appearance is mellow and full, the product free from extraneous odour;
Quality product reaches following technical indicator:
N constituent content % 〉=15
P
2O
5Content % 〉=10
K
2O content % 〉=10
Grain graininess mm 2-4.75mm
Moisture content wt%≤2.0.