CN103053843A - Broiler feed additive - Google Patents
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- CN103053843A CN103053843A CN2013100135979A CN201310013597A CN103053843A CN 103053843 A CN103053843 A CN 103053843A CN 2013100135979 A CN2013100135979 A CN 2013100135979A CN 201310013597 A CN201310013597 A CN 201310013597A CN 103053843 A CN103053843 A CN 103053843A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broiler feed additive. The prepared broiler feed additive is formed by mixing a lespedeza daurica and lespedeza hedysaroides mixed extractive and inulin in a mass ratio, wherein the content of the lespedeza daurica and lespedeza hedysaroides mixed extractive is 80% and the content of the inulin is 20%. According to the broiler feed additive disclosed by the invention, 3% of the broiler feed additive is added into a basic daily feed to have the obvious effects on broiler growth, anti-oxidization, immune enhancement and the like; and the effect of the broiler feed additive is better than that of a market feed additive.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feed addictive, especially a kind of utilize green non-poisonous plant source (high quality forage) for raw material produce anti-oxidant, strengthen immunity and somatotrophic broiler chicken feed additive.
Background technology
Because intensive farm, ecological environment variation and the in recent years outburst of global epidemic disease, people are paid close attention to more to problems such as the security of chicken, chicken meat qualities.Particularly in recent decades, because the progress of poultry breeding and nutrition aspect, the production performance of poultry is improved constantly, in the modern poultry breeding to the undue pursuit of production performance cause the meat quality reduction, premunition variation of current poultry strain (kind), to environmental stress sensitivity etc.Although the extensive use of all feeds additive makes these problems obtain solution to a certain extent, the problem that the harmful substance residual quantity in the body raises but is difficult to solve.Further raising along with living standard, people are more and more higher to the requirement meeting of the quality of livestock products and security, in order to guarantee the security of livestock products, cater to the psychology that people advocate pollution-free food, the research and development of safety, functional green plants source additive have become inevitable.
Along with the aging of body, broiler chicken generally weakens in the middle and late growth stage hypofunction, oxidation resistance, metabolic disorder occurs, and free radical is superfluous.Free radical theory according to aging, body inner lipid peroxidation is constantly aggravated, the content of the materials such as snperoxiaized end-product MDA (MDA) constantly increases, and the activity of the scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) of corresponding free radical and glutathione reductase (GR) reduces gradually, and then cause going down of cell physiological function, GF is descended.Therefore, reduce the generation of MDA, improve the oxidation resistance of body, the external source active components of plants that searching can be removed excessive free radicals in the body becomes the focus that people study concern.In recent years, increasing as the research that a kind of feed addictive adds in the animal diets about from plant, extracting Flavonoid substances.The reports such as Meng Ting to the laying hen daizeol of feeding, can make the progesterone in its blood, the level of T3, T4 obviously raise, and improve the production performance of laying hen.Zhang Jinzhi etc. add bamboo-leaves flavones for the weanling pig daily ration, and the production performance of piglet is had obvious facilitation.Kingdom's outstanding report 3mg/kg daizeol can significantly improve male meat chick daily gain, and chest muscle and the representation of leg flesh work is improved, and the RNA/DNA ratio increases, and serum uric acid level significantly descends.Thank to the evidence flavone compound of excellent auspicious grade on broiler chicken and can effectively reduce cholesterol in serum (TC) and triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) content, significantly improve HDL (HDL-C) level, effectively regulate the lipid-metabolism of animal.The report isoflavones such as Tsai have the effect that reduces Lipoperoxide thing and hepatic lipid peroxidation thing, have saved vitamin E and endogenous polyphenoils.
Recent years relevant flavone compound studies show that in a large number flavone compound mainly contains following several biological function: a) flavone compound has growth promoting function; B) lipid-metabolism of animal had regulating action, can prevent the sedimentation of fat, reduce the Abdominal Fat in Broilers rate; C) the flavone compound Endocrine is influential, and flavone compound can promote the recovery of beta Cell of islet, reduces blood sugar and serum cholesterol, improves sugar tolerance, and to adrenolytic blood glucose increasing effect, it can suppress aldose reductase simultaneously; D) flavone compound can strengthen nonspecific immunity function and the humoral immune function of body; E) flavone compound has antioxygenic property, can remove hydrogen peroxide and superoxide ion; F) flavone compound also has antibiosis and antiviral functions.
The applicant analyzes the chemical composition of Da Wuli and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza herb, and its main component is flavone compound.And the crude flavonoid powder that extracts behind the purifying carried out the antioxidation in vitro test.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of broiler chicken feed additive is provided, can strengthen meat chicken production performance, anti-oxidant and enhancing immunity function, guaranteeing does not have antibiotic residue in broiler health and the chicken, provides safeguard for producing high-quality poultry product.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical solution:
A kind of broiler chicken feed additive, it is characterized in that this broiler chicken feed additive that makes is mixed in mass ratio with sharp leaf shrub lespedeza mixed extract and inulin by the Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and forms, wherein, Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza mixed extract account for 80%, and inulin accounts for 20%.
Above-mentioned Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza mixed extract prepare according to the following step:
Step 1 is adopted sharp leaf shrub lespedeza herb and Da Wuli shrub lespedeza herb, and is air-dry, pulverizes stand-by.
Step 2, sharp leaf shrub lespedeza grass meal mixes with Da Wuli shrub lespedeza grass meal equal proportion, with concentrated behind the alcohol steep 48h of mass percent 70%;
Step 3 is used ethyl acetate extraction successively with concentrate, obtains respectively ethyl acetate section and water section;
Step 4, the ethyl acetate section decompression of gained is concentrated, and drying is pulverized, and namely obtains ethyl acetate section, the flavonoids that wherein enrichment polarity is little;
Step 5, the water section extracting n-butyl alcohol with step 3 obtains respectively n-butanol section and water section;
Step 6, with resulting n-butanol section reduced pressure concentration, drying is pulverized, and obtains n-butanol section, the flavone compound that wherein enrichment polarity is large;
Ethyl acetate section with n-butanol section mixing, is namely got and arrives shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza mixed extract in the crow.
Adopt broiler chicken feed additive of the present invention, its addition is 3% of basal diet, and the technique effect that brings is:
1, compared with prior art, do not add the additive in antibiotic native grass source, more can guarantee the quality of broiler chicken, guaranteed food security, and human health.
2. raw material sources are green, aboundresources, and price is low.
Studied the oxidation-resistant active ingredient of hundreds of medicinal herbs, fruits and vegetables both at home and abroad, the separation and analysis that has involved in active ingredient that has, but because inadequate resource, the problem such as active ingredient is low, what really put into production, use is few.Therefore have and must excavate new raw material sources in Forage Germplasm Resources, Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza are high quality forage, aboundresources, nontoxic, price is low, cultivation is easy, easily forms industrialization
3, significantly active, consumption is low.The result of study of this seminar shows that Da Wuli shrub lespedeza flavones and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza flavones all have significant antioxidation activity, and two kinds of crude flavonoid powders of Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza are mixed use, and the activity that shows is good and consumption is lower.The mixing of two kinds of general flavones makes the monomer of flavone compound more, and structure diversification has certain synergy, so the activity that shows.
4, design according to the polarity size of Main Flavonoids compounds in two kinds of shrub lespedezas, technique is simple, and is pollution-free, and cost is low.Because in earlier stage obtaining conclusion in the separation test process of two kinds of shrub lespedeza flavone compounds is the little flavonoids of ethyl acetate section enrichment polarity, and the large flavone compound of n-butanol section enrichment polarity.
The specific embodiment
It is raw material that the present invention adopts herbage Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza, prepares the broiler chicken specialist additive.The applicant analyzes the chemical composition of Da Wuli and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza herb, and its main component is flavone compound, and the crude flavonoid powder behind the extraction purifying has been carried out the antioxidation in vitro test.For the invention provides strong scientific theory and practical basis.
Da Wuli shrub lespedeza (Lespedeza daurica) is lespedeza (Lespedeza Michx.) draft shape fruticuli, and extensively branch is in China northeast, North China, northwest, Central China to Yunnan; Because of strong stress resistance, nutritious, livestock happiness food, this plant be conserve water and soil, the Legume Forage Species of Pasture improvement and planting artificial pasture.As ecological grass and good forage, caused in recent years extensive attention.
Da Wuli shrub lespedeza herb passes through alcohol extract, organic solvent extraction distributes, use silica gel, gel, the method such as polyamide and thin-layer chromatography, separate and obtain 12 compounds, rely on nuclear magnetic resoance spectrum, infrared spectrum, the resolutions of spectra such as ultraviolet spectra and mass spectrum, identified wherein 11 compounds, be defined as respectively: Quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside (quercetine-3-O-D-β-galactosid1), diosmetin (diosmetin2), Kaempferol (kaempferol3), Chinese tamarisk element (tamarixetin4), cyanidenon (luteolin5), Quercetin (quercetine6), epicatechin (epicatechin7), trifolin (trifolin8), homo-orientin (isoorientin9), rutin (rutin10) and β-daucosterol (daucosterol11).Result of study shows: oxygen glycosides flavones is the main component of Da Wuli shrub lespedeza flavonoids, has preferably pharmacologically active.
Point leaf shrub lespedeza point leaf shrub lespedeza (Lespedeza hedysaroides(Pall.) Kitag.) be lespedeza (Lespedeza Michx.) perennial plant, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, nutritious, domestic animal happiness food, sheep is particularly liked food, be conserve water and soil, the Legume Forage Species of Pasture improvement and planting artificial pasture.Point leaf shrub lespedeza is mesoxerophytes, and the climatic adaptation scope is wide, is distributed in the provinces and regions such as China the Northeast and the Inner Mongol, Hebei, Shanxi, is common in the hilly upland of meadow steppe band, sandy ground, also appears at the dried hillside at oakery edge
According to studies show that of applicant, the Main Flavonoids compounds in the sharp leaf shrub lespedeza is orientin (1), homo-orientin (2), Vitexina (3), Saponaretin (4), Isomyricitrin (5), Quercetin-3-O-β-D-Glucose glycosides (6), cyanidenon-7-O-glucoside (7), 6-xylopyranosylluteolin(8); Point leaf shrub lespedeza is rich in the carbon glycosides flavones of better pharmacologically active.
The applicant has carried out the antioxidation activity in vitro test to Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza general flavone, uses respectively Fenton reaction method, pyrogallol Autoxidation Method and iodine-sodium thiosulfate titration Da Wuli shrub lespedeza flavones and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza flavones to the scavenging action of hydroxy radical, superoxide anion and suppresses lard, rape oil, linoleic oxidative rancidity effect.The result shows: these two kinds of shrub lespedeza flavones have stronger scavenging action to hydroxy radical, superoxide anion, within the specific limits, remove effect and strengthen with the mass concentration rising.The shrub lespedeza flavones has extremely strong antioxidation to lard, rape oil, linoleic acid in point leaf shrub lespedeza general flavone and the crow, can suppress significantly lard, the rising of rape oil POV value by the utmost point, and the utmost point suppresses linoleic oxidation significantly.
The flavonoid component of Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza is for the antioxidation activity of shrub lespedeza flavones provides strong theoretical foundation.Flavone compound belongs to Polyhydroxy phenol from structure, and the hydroxyl character that is rich in its molecular structure is very active, and they can provide a large amount of active hydrogens, and particularly adjacent hydroxyl is particularly active.This has just guaranteed that from structure flavone compound can be combined by the oxygen radical in biologic artifact, removes free radical.Ortho position dihydroxy on vicinal hydroxyl groups, especially A encircle 5,7 is very easy to the complexing of metal ion too much with endosome, forms stable complex, reaches whereby oxidation resistant purpose.The compound of gained all is with the dihydric flavone compound in 5,7 ortho positions, thereby has confirmed the result of study of this seminar aspect Da Wuli and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza general flavone antioxidation activity.The Quercetin that this experiment separation obtains and cyanidenon also have antibacterial action except having the strong anti-oxidation activity, he can directly act on the microorganism species in the experimental animal digestive system, reduce pernicious bacteria, thereby have improved the digestive function of experimental animal; Again, flavone compound can strengthen the immunological regulation system of animal, has guaranteed the healthy growth of animal.
Inulin is the compound sugar that is formed by connecting through (1,2) key by D-fructose, and terminal the degree of polymerization (DP) is 2～60 with a glucose residue, and average DP is 10～12, and it distributes very wide at occurring in nature, especially rich content in jerusalem artichoke and witloof.Synanthrin is as a kind of natural functional polysaccharide, and tool studies show that: inulin has animal is had growth promotion, improves meat, the regulating intestinal canal effects of microflora.On intestinal physiology also have certain impact as: the intestinal physiology function is let out, protected to wash-out pathogen, decorporation.
Under modern feeding environment, stress factor increases, and many external conditions can have influence on gut flora.Freter(1993) think, affect that bacterium survives and the factor of breeding comprises the antibacterial material of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, cholate, intestines peristalsis, digestive ferment, immune response, endogenous microbes and generation in enteron aisle, also be subject to simultaneously the impact of ration ingredient, can cause that such as high Fiber Diet cellulose-decomposing bacteria increases, add inulin among the present invention just because of this point.
The broiler chicken feed additive of present embodiment preparation based on above theoretical foundation and Research foundation, has certain scientific basis.
This broiler chicken feed additive is mixed in mass ratio with sharp leaf shrub lespedeza mixed extract and inulin by the Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and forms, and wherein, Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza mixed extract account for 80%, and inulin accounts for 20%.
In the present embodiment, take the broiler chicken feed additive of producing 2.6kg as example, the preparation method is as follows:
1) preparation of Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza mixed extract:
Step 1 is got sharp leaf shrub lespedeza and each 10kg of Da Wuli shrub lespedeza grass meal, and even the inserting in the extractor that be mixed stirred after adding the ethanol 200L of mass percent 70%, and lixiviate is concentrated after 48 hours.
Step 2 with the concentrate ethyl acetate extraction, obtains ethyl acetate section and water section.With the ethyl acetate section reduced pressure concentration of gained, drying is pulverized.Obtain the 0.85kg of ethyl acetate section.
Step 3, the water section extracting n-butyl alcohol with step 2 obtains obtains n-butanol section and water section.With resulting n-butanol section reduced pressure concentration, drying is pulverized, and obtains the 1.23kg of n-butanol section.
Step 4, the n-butanol section mix and blend that the ethyl acetate section that step 2 is obtained and step 3 obtain must arrive shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza mixed extract 2.08kg in the crow.
2) take by weighing inulin 0.52kg, Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza mixed extract 2.08kg mix, and namely get the 2.6kg broiler chicken feed additive.
Below be the broiler feeding experiment that the broiler chicken feed additive of the employing present embodiment that provides of applicant carries out:
1, experimental animal and daily ration
Select 150 of the Avian meat chicks of 1 age in days, male and female half and half, basal diet is with reference to NRC(1994) preparation, prescription and trophic level see Table 1.
2, experimental design and feeding and management
The Avian meat chick of 150 1 ages in days is divided into 3 processed group at random, 5 repetitions of each processed group, each repeats 10 chickens.Wherein:
Blank group (CK) basal diet of feeding;
Control group adds 3%(weight in basal diet) the feed addictive produced of Beijing company;
Test group is added 3%(weight in basal diet) broiler chicken specialist additive of the present invention.
Feeding period was 6 weeks, minute 2 stages (0～3 age in week and 4～6 ages in week).Test broiler chicken bilayer is raised in cages, free choice feeding and drinking-water, and temperature, humidity and illumination in the control house, Hygienic Index meets the hygienic requirements of chicken.7 ages in days carry out Newcastle disease attenuated seedling head exempts from, and 14 ages in days carry out the immunity of bursa of fabricius vaccine drinking-water, the Newcastle disease attenuated seedling booster immunization of 21 ages in days.
3, sample collection
When 6 weekends, feeding experiment finished, each processing was randomly drawed 5 test chickens near the average body quality (each repeats 1) and is butchered, and measures the Carcass Traits index, and heart blood sampling 15mL separation of serum is for subsequent use; Adopt simultaneously the heart, liver and nephridial tissue and grind, become 10% tissue homogenate with normal saline dilution, the centrifugal 10min of 3000r/min gets supernatant ,-20 ℃ of preservations.
4, testing index and method
Performance test: measure on average increase day by day quality and feedstuff-meat ratio according to conventional method.
Antioxidant Indexes is measured: xanthine oxidase compound enzyme process is adopted in hepatocuprein in serum and the tissue homogenate (T-SOD) determination of activity, the active NADPH method that adopts of glutathione reductase (GR), MDA (MDA) assay adopts thiobarbituricacidα-method (TBA), the tissue homogenate protein determination adopts coomassie brilliant blue (CBB), the test used kit all builds up bio-engineering research institute available from Nanjing, (UV-2401PC, SHIMADZU) measures at ultraviolet specrophotometer.The mensuration process operates by the kit specification fully.
The immune organ index determining:
The heavy mg/ live-weight of Immune Organs Index=immune organ g;
5, statistical analysis
Adopt the SPSS ANOVA of statistical software to carry out significance analysis, and adopt the DuncanShi method to carry out multiple ratio.Measurement result represents with " mean value ± standard error ".
Table 1: meat chick basal diet forms and trophic level (air bells dry basis)
1) premix can be every kg complete diet pellet provides: copper (Cu): 12.8mg; Iron (Fe): 99mg; Zinc (Zn): 47mg; Manganese (Mn): 86mg; Selenium (Se): 0.30mg; Iodine (I): 0.50mg; V
A: 20000IU; V
D3: 4400IU; V
E: 16mg; V
K3: 2mg; V
B1: 1.2mg; V
B2: 6mg; V
B6: 4.8mg; V
B12: 0.012mg; Folic acid: 0.4mg; Nicotinic acid: 20mg; D-VB5 calcium: 10mg; Bio (D-biotin): 0.06mg; Ethoxyquinoline: 0.2mg.
Result of the test is as follows:
1, on the impact of production performance
Table 2: Da Wuli shrub lespedeza extract is on the impact (n=5) of meat chick production performance
| Processed group | Daily gain g | Feedstuff-meat ratio | Deliver heavily (kg) for sale | Death rate |
| Blank group | 41.16±0.60a | 1.87±0.02 | 1．98 | 5．1 |
| Control group | 41.56±0.19ab | 1.82±0.01 | 2．07 | 2．3 |
| Test group | 42.65±1.60abc | 1.76±0.03 | 2．29 | 1．53 |
As shown in Table 2, within whole experimental period (0～6 week), adding Da Wuli shrub lespedeza extract has facilitation to meat chick daily gain, and feedstuff-meat ratio is had reduction trend, but difference not significantly (P＞0.05).But test group has improved 3.6% than blank group daily gain, and the death rate of test group obviously reduces.
2, on the impact of broiler chicken Antioxidant Indexes
Table 3: to T-SOD(n=5 in serum of broilers and the tissue)
| Processed group | Serum (U.mL -1） | Heart (U.mg -1） | Liver (U.mg -1） | Kidney (U.mg -1） |
| Blank | 284.03±9.60a | 332.89±9.66a | 307.03±5.62a | 205.23±9.26a |
| Control group | 356.23±20.19b | 419.79±12.44b | 363.60±5.52bc | 270.52±6.85c |
| Test group | 361.31±12.30b | 446.68±11.20b | 379.47±8.22bc | 278.65±9.32c |
As shown in Table 3, control group and test group have humidification to meat chick serum T-SOD activity, compare significant difference (P＜0.05) with the blank group, test group can significantly improve meat chick heart, liver and kidney T-SOD is active, and test group T-SOD all is higher than control group but difference not significantly (P＞0.05).
Table 4: on serum of broilers and the impact of organizing GR
As seen from table, serum of broilers GR vigor is higher than blank group and control group in the test group, and significant difference (P＜0.05); Test group meat chick heart GR vigor all is higher than blank group and control group, but compare difference with control group not remarkable; Test group meat chick liver GR vigor all is higher than blank group and control group, but difference not significantly (P＞0.05); Test group meat chick kidney GR vigor is higher than control group and blank group, and significant difference (P＜0.05).
Table 5: on serum of broilers and the impact of organizing MDA
As seen from table, MDA content all significantly is lower than blank group, significant difference (P＜0.05) in control group and the test group serum of broilers; MDA content in test group broiler chicken heart, the kidney all is lower than control group but difference is not remarkable, and MDA contains and is lower than control group in the test group liver.Significant difference (P＜0.05).
Table 6: Da Wuli shrub lespedeza extract is on the impact (mg/g) of meat chick Immune Organs Index
Immune Organs Index is one of method of studying at present body immune body condition, it is generally acknowledged that immune organ weight is reduced to due to the immunosupress, the immune organ weight increase then is the performance that immunity strengthens, as shown in Table 4: with the blank group is compared, no matter when 3 ages in week or 6 age in week, test group meat chick thymus index, index and spleen index and bursa of farbricius index are improved the blank group of effect and control group obvious.Illustrate that this specialist additive has increase trend to the weight of meat chick immune organ, can increase the immunity of broiler chicken to a certain extent.
Show by above result of the test: adopt the dorking addition agent of present embodiment, to growth of meat chicken, anti-oxidant and strengthen immunity etc. and all have significant effect, effect to be better than commercially available feed addictive.
Claims (2)
1. broiler chicken feed additive, it is characterized in that this broiler chicken feed additive that makes is mixed in mass ratio with sharp leaf shrub lespedeza mixed extract and inulin by the Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and forms, wherein, Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza mixed extract account for 80%, and inulin accounts for 20%.
2. broiler chicken feed additive as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described Da Wuli shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza mixed extract prepare according to the following step:
Step 1 is adopted sharp leaf shrub lespedeza herb and Da Wuli shrub lespedeza herb, and is air-dry, pulverizes;
Step 2, sharp leaf shrub lespedeza grass meal mixes with Da Wuli shrub lespedeza grass meal equal proportion, with concentrated behind the alcohol steep 48h of mass percent 70%;
Step 3 is used ethyl acetate extraction successively with concentrate, obtains respectively ethyl acetate section and water section;
Step 4, the ethyl acetate section decompression of gained is concentrated, and drying is pulverized, and namely obtains ethyl acetate section, the flavonoids that wherein enrichment polarity is little;
Step 5, the water section extracting n-butyl alcohol with step 3 obtains respectively n-butanol section and water section;
Step 6, with resulting n-butanol section reduced pressure concentration, drying is pulverized, and obtains n-butanol section, the flavone compound that wherein enrichment polarity is large;
Ethyl acetate section with n-butanol section mixing, is namely got and arrives shrub lespedeza and sharp leaf shrub lespedeza mixed extract in the crow.
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| CN107259199A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-10-20 | 南京工业大学 | Inulin chicken feed additive for improving immunity |
| CN109480112A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-19 | 广州傲农生物科技有限公司 | A kind of composite feed additive and the preparation method and application thereof |
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