CN103042262A - Integrated finish machining method for inner profile and corner of pocket - Google Patents
Integrated finish machining method for inner profile and corner of pocket Download PDFInfo
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- CN103042262A CN103042262A CN2013100017402A CN201310001740A CN103042262A CN 103042262 A CN103042262 A CN 103042262A CN 2013100017402 A CN2013100017402 A CN 2013100017402A CN 201310001740 A CN201310001740 A CN 201310001740A CN 103042262 A CN103042262 A CN 103042262A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated finish machining method for an inner profile and a corner of a pocket. The integrated finish machining method comprises the steps that a rough machining allowance curvilinear equation is established according to rough machining information of the pocket; then a rough machining allowance curve is discretized; a discrete point of a side face allowance equation is subjected to outward normal bias to form a cutter location point of a machining side face; circular machining is conducted at the corner by using the discrete point at the corner and the side face allowance curvilinear equation according to a constant contact angle and maximum contact angle principle; the cutter location point of the corner is solved; an axial first cutter location point layer is further formed; the first cutter location point layer is subjected to axial cutting-in and bias layer by layer in the reverse-axial direction of a cutter till a last layer; all the cutter location points are obtained; a cutter advancing and retreating arc is set; and all the cutter location points are connected to form an integral cutter track of the integrated machining method for the inner profile and the corner of the pocket. With the adoption of the method, cutter changing is avoided; the machining quality of a workpiece surface is improved; the effect of a contact angle on stress of the cutter is taken into account; the constant contact angle and maximum contact angle principle is provided; the vibration of the cutter is reduced; and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method of machine components, the method for fine finishing of type and corner thereof in especially a kind of groove, specifically a kind of CNC milling machine utilize same cutter to cavity feature in type and corner carry out integrated method for finishing manufactured.
Background technology
Cavity feature extensively exists in aircraft structure, and the processing method of at present aviation main engine plants employing is to use first type in the large diameter cutter fine finishining, then adopts the cutter fine finishining corner of minor diameter.This method needs to carry out tool changing in process, affects working (machining) efficiency; Because the rapid variation of cutting force causes cutter vibrations aggravation, wearing and tearing are accelerated, and the accidents such as cutter tipping, breaking may occur and occur during the processing corner; Significantly connect tool marks owing to the reason of tool changing can on the corner have in addition, affected the suface processing quality of part.
Consulting prior art and document finds, patent (patent No. CN201110059891.4) has been announced a kind of high-speed milling wallboard part corner processing method, this patent has proposed corner feature exemplary process steps: at first carry out vallecular cavity roughing, oppose side wall leaves surplus; Then select the milling cutter corresponding with knuckle radius to carry out corner fine finishining; The point of contact of corner outwards biasing 3 ~ 5mm arranges the cutter cut-in angle simultaneously as the point of penetration of cutter; Adopt at last large cutting-in finish-milling corner.The method can solve the problem of corner processing, but does not consider the stressing conditions of cutter.
H.S.Choy etc. are at academic journal " Computer-Aided Design " 2003, the paper of 35(2) delivering on the p155-166 " A corner-looping based tool path for pocket milling ", disclose a kind of interior type corner processing method, the method adopts same as type in the tool sharpening cavity feature and corner.By on the corner adopting the mode of repeatedly feed, so that cutting output is even, thereby reach the purpose of improving Tool in Cutting power.But the method is not considered the cutter contact angle and is changed the stressed impact of cutter.
The paper " Constant engagement tool path generation enhance machining accuracy in end milling " that M.Sharif UDDIN etc. deliver at meeting International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st Century, a kind of fine finishining cutter rail algorithm is disclosed, during for fear of the last one deck cutter rail of processing, the cutter contact angle changes, the cutter load is unstable, cause the cutter vibrations, affect the surface of the work crudy.By changing cutter path so that the surplus of last one deck cutter rail satisfies the requirement at cutter constant contact angle, thereby so that the cutter load constant is avoided the cutter vibrations, improve the surface of the work crudy.But the method does not have to consider that the contact angle in whole process changes the stressed impact of cutter, and can not be adapted to the processing of interior type-corner one.
Type corner method for fine finishing is the cavity feature that is used in aircraft structure in the cavity feature, up to the present, does not still openly adopt constant contact angle and Maximum Contact angle principle, uses same as the method for type corner in the tool sharpening cavity feature and the generation method of cutter rail thereof.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is that the efficient that exists for type corner processing in the existing cavity feature is low, the surface of the work crudy is low, cutter discontinuity in the process, cause the cutter vibrations, easily cause the problems such as accident generation such as cutter tipping, breaking, invented that a kind of efficient is high, suface processing quality is high, cutter is loaded type corner integral processing method in the cavity feature stably.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
Type corner integral processing method in a kind of cavity feature is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
Step 1 according to the roughing information of cavity feature, obtains the roughing surplus of the interior type of angle groove feature and corner;
Step 2 according to the roughing balance information, makes up the information model that comprises the roughing surplus, sets up the curvilinear equation on type limit in the cavity feature that contains the roughing surplus in plane, cavity feature web place, hereinafter to be referred as the curvilinear equation of allowance;
Step 3 according to the curvilinear equation of allowance, disperses to roughing surplus curve according to certain discrete precision, obtains discrete point set P;
Step 4 is selected the feed point, and the circular arc feed is set;
Step 5, the contact angle of calculating cutter when processing side straightway L
, and will
Be set as the Maximum Contact angle;
Step 6, the cutter location when the normal orientation biasing forms processing side straightway outside the profile in each is comfortable with the discrete point that obtains of side margins equation;
Step 7, because the corner surplus is inhomogeneous, for improving the stressing conditions of cutter, the mode that adopts circulation to mill when the processing corner is processed, and finds the solution circulation according to the discrete point of corner surplus curvilinear equation and mills radially cutter location and the contact point of ground floor bite rail;
Step 10 take the contact point of last layer radial circulation cutter rail process as control vertex, fits to B-spline curves, obtains the curvilinear equation of current allowance;
Step 11, according to the B-spline curves of match, the cutter contact angle when calculating the applying of cutter and corner plane
Step 12, if
, then cutter is according to the straight line feed, and the straight line cutter rail during the same processing of this straight line cutter rail side is on same straight line.When cutter and corner plane were fitted fully, the cutter rail changed direction processing corner another side.According to certain discrete precision corresponding curvilinear equation is dispersed, obtain the cutter location of this section, then should locate the calculating of this layer of corner cutter rail complete, continue step 14;
Step 13, if
, repeating step 6,7,8,9,10,11 then is until contact angle
The described method of setting up curvilinear equation according to roughing information is: the model local coordinate system, and take the center of circle of corner surplus circular arc as the origin of coordinates, take corner two sides surplus linear equation direction as X, Y-axis is set up local coordinate system; Set up curvilinear equation according to each section balance information again; According to roughing information as can be known, two sides surplus equation is straight line, and corner surplus equation is circular arc, and then curvilinear equation can be expressed as follows:
Side 1:x=-(R
Cu+ r) ,-h≤y≤0;
Corner: x
2+ y
2=(R
Cu+ r)
2,-(R
Cu+ r)≤x≤0,0≤y≤(R
Cu+ r);
Side 2:y=R
Cu+ r, 0≤x≤h'.R wherein
CuBe the roughing tool radius, the high speed corner when r is roughing, h, h' is respectively length of straigh line.
The computational methods of the cutter contact angle during the straightway L of described processing side are: α=arccos[(R-μ)/and R], μ is the roughing side margins in the formula, R is tool radius.
The computational methods of described bias ε are: ε=Rcos α, R is tool radius in the formula.
Have tangent relation between each section of closed-loop that adopts circular arc and straightway to form after the described radially ground floor cutter rail, and the radius of arc section is r
c/ 2, r wherein
cBe knuckle radius.
Described discrete precision is between 0.005～0.015.
The described method of setting up math equation according to roughing information is: as shown in Figure 2, according to roughing information as can be known, AB section and CD section are straight line, and the BC section is circular arc.Take the BC circular arc center of circle as initial point, set up local coordinate system take CD and AB as X, Y-axis, then math equation can be expressed as follows: AB:x=-(R
Cu+ r) ,-h≤y≤0;
BC：x
2+y
2=(R
cu+r)
2，-(R
cu+r)≤x≤0，0≤y≤(R
cu+r)；CD：y＝R
cu+r,0≤x≤h'。R wherein
CuBe the roughing tool radius, the high speed corner when r is roughing, h are the AB segment length, and h' is the CD segment length.The characteristics of curved section FG, EH are: curved section FG, EH are circular arc, and radius is r
c/ 2, r
cBe knuckle radius.The same EF of FG, EH, HG are tangent.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention helps to improve the suface processing quality of workpiece, avoids processing interior type and corner and adopts different cutters, connects tool marks and stay at surface of the work; Avoid the tool changing in the process, improved working (machining) efficiency; When the processing corner, adopt constant contact angle principle, guarantee the cutter steady load, reduce the cutter vibrations; In the time can't satisfying constant contact angle principle, the maximum at Restricted Contact angle makes the stressed threshold value that is no more than regulation of cutter, thereby reduces the wearing and tearing of cutter, reaches the purpose of tool life.
The present invention can adopt and same tool sharpening be gone out interior type and corner.Avoid the tool changing in the process, improved working (machining) efficiency; Avoid simultaneously connecing the appearance of tool marks, improved the crudy of surface of the work.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is type corner integral processing method procedure of processing and generation method flow diagram thereof in the cavity feature of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is cutter rail further explanatory drawings of the present invention; A-B-C-D is roughing allowance border afterwards among the figure.I-J-K is the afterwards allowance border of corner of radially ground floor cutter rail processing; X-Y-Z is the afterwards allowance border of corner of radially second layer cutter rail processing; M-E-F-G-H-E-L-T-R-S-L-N-P is the cutter rail track of processing; Circle O is the cutter schematic diagram; U, V point is the intersection point of cutter circle with the surplus equation; Among the figure 1,2,3 ... 15 is the order of tool sharpening.
Fig. 3 is Typical Aircraft structural member cavity feature schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is cutter rail schematic diagram of the present invention; Wherein the cutter rails are processed in 16 expressions, 17 expression Typical Aircraft structural member cavity features, 18 expression corner circulation tool tracks, 19 expression circular arc advance and retreat cuttves.
Fig. 5 is cavity feature roughing surplus schematic diagram; Wherein 20 represent the roughing surpluses, type theoretical position in the 21 expression cavity features, and 22 expressions contain the interior type limit of roughing surplus.
Fig. 6 is that cutter is with roughing surplus equation intersection point schematic diagram; Dash area is the surplus of not excising among the figure, and the U point does not excise a side at material all the time.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Shown in Fig. 1-6.
Accompanying drawing 2 and Fig. 3 be Typical Aircraft structural member cavity feature and the machining path schematic diagram, details are as follows.
The integrated method for fine finishing of type corner in a kind of cavity feature, it should at first utilize prior art to generate roughing technique numerical control program in the three-dimensional mathematical model input computer of part shown in Figure 3 and according to existing processing technology, and then the roughing process that generates deposited in the computer for calling, the present embodiment and all starting points of the present invention all are to carry out under the prerequisite that the roughing technique information has generated.Whole interior type and the integrated procedure of processing of corner are (as shown in Figure 1):
Step 1 according to the roughing information of cavity feature, obtains the roughing surplus of the interior type of cavity feature and corner.Wherein roughing information comprises roughing tool diameter, the biasing of roughing side and high speed knuckle radius;
Step 2, according to the roughing balance information, structure comprises the information model of roughing surplus, in plane, cavity feature web place, set up the curvilinear equation on type limit in the cavity feature that contains the roughing surplus, as shown in Figure 2, take the local corner of cavity feature and side as the curvilinear equation of example explanation roughing balance information.According to roughing information as can be known, AB section and CD section are straight line, and the BC section is circular arc.Take the BC circular arc center of circle as initial point, set up local coordinate system take the direction of CD and AB as X, Y-axis, then curvilinear equation can be expressed as follows:
AB：x=-(R
cu+r),-h≤y≤0；
BC：x
2+y
2=(R
cu+r)
2，-(R
cu+r)≤x≤0，0≤y≤(R
cu+r)；
CD：y=R
cu+r,0≤x≤h'。R wherein
CuBe the roughing tool radius, the high speed knuckle radius when r is roughing, h are the AB segment length, and h' is the CD segment length.
Step 3 disperses to curvilinear equation according to certain discrete precision, obtains discrete point set P; Discrete precision σ can set between 0.005～0.015 as required, and this example is got σ=0.01.For the curvilinear equation in the step 2, concrete discrete method is as follows:
P' wherein, P ", P ' " represent respectively by AB, BC, the point set that CD is discrete, wherein i represents i discrete point; P '
i, P "
iAnd P ' "
iThe common discrete point set P that forms.P "
IxAnd P "
IyThe X that represents respectively i discrete point, the Y coordinate;
Step 4 is according to type height H in the cavity feature
TopWith axial cutting-in δ, calculate cutter rail number of stories m=[H
Topδ]+1;
Step 5 is selected the feed point, and the circular arc feed is set, and radius is 5mm, and the feed point should be selected in open area;
Step 6 as shown in Figure 1, is calculated the contact angle α of cutter when processing linear section AB, and α is set as the Maximum Contact angle, wherein α=arccos[(R-μ)/R], μ is the roughing side margins in the formula, R is tool radius;
Step 7, for by the discrete point set P' of straight line AB, successively along the cutter location of each discrete point when the outer normal direction of interior profile forms processing linear section AB with point set P' biasing ε respectively, ε=Rcos α wherein, R is tool radius in the formula, α is the cutter contact angle;
As shown in Figure 2, U wherein, V is the intersection point of cutter equation of a circle and chipping allowance equation, the U point does not excise a side at material all the time, as shown in Figure 6.Processing BC section can be divided into three sections: first paragraph enters rotation curve section BC from the U point to begin to end to V point arrival curve section BC, second segment begins to enter straightway CD cut-off to the U point from V point arrival curve section BC, and the 3rd section enters straightway CD from the U point and begin to leave curved section BC cut-off to the V point;
During the processing first paragraph, as shown in Figure 2, the contact angle of cutter when O point position is ∠ UOO', and ∠ UOV/2 is ∠ UOW, because ∠ UOW〉∠ UOO', so satisfy Maximum Contact angle principle at the first paragraph of processing BC; The cutter contact angle equates with ∠ UOV/2 during the processing second segment, so second segment satisfies constant contact angle principle; The 3rd section identical with first paragraph, satisfies Maximum Contact angle principle.Therefore in process, only need to make ∠ UOV constant, namely equal the Maximum Contact angle, can meet the demands.
Because ∠ UOV is constant in the process, so the UV distance is constant,
Then center cutter point is as follows with the algorithm of contact point:
First paragraph: the U point is selected discrete point set P successively " in point (until V point be B point cut-off), can be on straight line AB unique definite some V, according to VO and the V point coordinate that the angle of normal direction can unique definite center cutter point O outward; Should all center cutter point (O of section
1, O
2..., O
n) as control vertex, fit to B-spline curves.At O
iThe point place makes the outer normal direction of B-spline curves, take this normal direction as direction, passes through O
iMake ray.This ray is same with O
iBe the center of circle, the intersection point of the circle take R as radius is cutter at O
iCutter contact point during point;
All on circular arc BC, the track of center cutter point O is a circular arc for second segment: U, V point, and initial point is the initial point of BC, and radius is
In like manner the track of cutter contact point O' also is a circular arc, and initial point is the BC initial point, and radius is
The 3rd section: the V point is selected discrete point set P successively " in point (from the U point with the C point overlaps); can be on straight line CD unique definite some U; can unique definite center cutter point O according to the angle of VO and the outer normal direction of V point, the employing first paragraph is found the solution the method for contact point and is found the solution cutter contact point.
Through above-mentioned three sections can obtain processing BC section radially ground floor cutter rail all cutter locations with contact point set Q.
Step 10, to straight line HG, curve EH, FG disperse, and obtain corresponding cutter location according to the method for step 3;
Step 11, the contact point of one deck process fits to B-spline curves as control vertex before radially, obtains the mathematic(al) representation of current allowance, and the expression-form of B-spline curves is:
Wherein
The expression B-spline curves control vertex, at this place for being
It is the point that contact point is concentrated; N
I, k(u) basic function of expression B batten, the number of times of basic function is k=3; Knot vector u is [u
0, u
1..., u
n... u
N+k+1];
Step 12, according to the B-spline curves of match, the cutter contact angle β when calculating the applying of cutter and corner plane;
Step 13, if β≤α, then cutter is according to straight line EN, the NP feed, cutter rail ME is on same straight line during with processing side AB for EN, and the cutter rail FP when in like manner NP is with processing side CD is on same straight line.Cutter is fitted with corner plane when the N point.Can obtain the N point coordinates according to rotation curve and corner amount side angle, and then obtain EN, the mathematic(al) representation of NP utilizes the method for step 3 that corresponding straight line is dispersed and obtains cutter location; This place's this layer of corner cutter rail completion of processing continues step 15;
If step 14 is β〉α, then according to track ELTRSL repeating step 6,7,8,9,10,11, until contact angle β≤α; Wherein EL section cutter contact angle is to be increased to gradually α by 0, processing TL section is identical with processing BC phase method, TR, SL section radius is identical with the FG radius, each section curve can be set up mathematic(al) representation in the local coordinate system that step 2 is set up, the method for solving of the same radially ground floor cutter location contact point of the method for solving of cutter cutter location and contact point is identical;
The concrete cutter path of the present embodiment as shown in Figure 4.
The part that the present invention does not relate to all prior art that maybe can adopt same as the prior art is realized.
Claims (6)
1. the integrated method for fine finishing of type corner in the cavity feature is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
Step 1 according to the roughing information of cavity feature, obtains the roughing surplus of the interior type of angle groove feature and corner;
Step 2 according to the roughing balance information, makes up the information model that comprises the roughing surplus, sets up the curvilinear equation on type limit in the cavity feature that contains the roughing surplus in plane, cavity feature web place, hereinafter to be referred as the curvilinear equation of allowance;
Step 3 according to the curvilinear equation of allowance, disperses to roughing surplus curve according to the discrete precision of setting, and obtains discrete point set P;
Step 4 is selected the feed point, and the circular arc feed is set;
Step 5, the contact angle of calculating cutter when processing side straightway L
, and will
Be set as the Maximum Contact angle;
Step 6, the cutter location when value ε of normal orientation biasing forms processing side straightway outside the profile in each is comfortable with the discrete point that obtains of side margins equation;
Step 7, because the corner surplus is inhomogeneous, for improving the stressing conditions of cutter, the mode that adopts circulation to mill when the processing corner is processed, and finds the solution circulation according to the discrete point of corner surplus curvilinear equation and mills radially cutter location and the contact point of ground floor bite rail;
Step 8, inciting somebody to action radially by arc section, straightway and three sections line segments of arc section, ground floor circulation cutter rail forms sealing cutter rail;
Step 9 disperses to the circular arc in the closed-loop and straightway according to the method for step 3, obtains corresponding cutter location;
Step 10 take the contact point of last layer radial circulation cutter rail process as control vertex, fits to B-spline curves, obtains the curvilinear equation of current allowance;
Step 11, according to the B-spline curves of match, the cutter contact angle β when calculating the applying of cutter and corner plane;
Step 12, if β≤α, then cutter is according to the straight line feed, the straight line cutter rail during the same processing of this straight line cutter rail side is on same straight line; When cutter and corner plane were fitted fully, the cutter rail changed direction processing corner another side; According to certain discrete precision corresponding curvilinear equation is dispersed, obtain the cutter location of this section, then should locate the calculating of this layer of corner cutter rail complete, continue step 14;
If step 13 is β〉α, repeating step 6,7,8,9,10,11 then is until contact angle β≤α;
Step 14 in like manner, is obtained the cutter path at other interior type corners and place, side, and axially the ground floor cutter location calculates complete;
Step 15 is successively setovered axial ground floor cutter location by axial cutting-in to reverse along cutter shaft, until last one deck, forms the cutter location of all layers;
Step 16 arranges the circular arc withdrawing, and the generating tool axis vector of each cutter location is set, and forms type corner fine finishining complete machining cutter rail in the cavity feature.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described method of setting up curvilinear equation according to roughing information is: the model local coordinate system, take the center of circle of corner surplus circular arc as the origin of coordinates, take corner two sides surplus linear equation direction as X, Y-axis is set up local coordinate system; Set up curvilinear equation according to each section balance information again; According to roughing information as can be known, two sides surplus equation is straight line, and corner surplus equation is circular arc, and then curvilinear equation can be expressed as follows:
Side 1:x=-(R
Cu+ r) ,-h≤y≤0;
Corner: x
2+ y
2=(R
Cu+ r)
2,-(R
Cu+ r)≤x≤0,0≤y≤(R
Cu+ r);
Side 2:y=R
Cu+ r, 0≤x≤h', wherein R
CuBe the roughing tool radius, the high speed corner when r is roughing, h, h' is respectively length of straigh line.
3. method according to claim 1, the computational methods of the cutter contact angle when it is characterized in that described processing side straightway L are: α=arccos[(R-μ)/R], μ is the roughing side margins in the formula, R is tool radius.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the computational methods of described bias ε are: ε=Rcos α, R is tool radius in the formula.
5. method according to claim 1 have tangent relation between each section of closed-loop that it is characterized in that adopting circular arc and straightway to form after the described radially ground floor cutter rail, and the radius of arc section is r
c/ 2, r wherein
cBe knuckle radius.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described discrete precision is between 0.005～0.015.
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