CN113857789B - Processing method of high-precision special-shaped curved surface - Google Patents
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- CN113857789B CN113857789B CN202111244304.9A CN202111244304A CN113857789B CN 113857789 B CN113857789 B CN 113857789B CN 202111244304 A CN202111244304 A CN 202111244304A CN 113857789 B CN113857789 B CN 113857789B
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical manufacturing, in particular to a method for processing a high-precision special-shaped curved surface, which comprises the following steps: s1, generating a multi-sense line according to curved surface parameters of a workpiece, and decomposing the multi-sense line into a plurality of multi-segment lines; wherein the multi-section line is composed of a plurality of straight line sections and/or circular arc sections; s2, identifying straight line segments and/or circular arc segments in the multi-segment line, marking a starting point, and marking horizontal or vertical line segments by taking the starting point as an end point; s3, sequentially selecting endpoints of N straight line segments and/or arc segments along the curve fitting direction, wherein the serial numbers are sequentially N i(i＝1～n) In N 1 、N 2 N n/2 And fitting the arc by three points to obtain the normal deviation between the arc and the fitted curve. According to the processing method of the high-precision special-shaped curved surface, the discrete curve lattice which cannot be identified by JG is matched into the continuous curve (surface) which can be programmed and processed, so that the high-precision processing of the part is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical manufacturing, in particular to a method for processing a high-precision special-shaped curved surface.
Background
The special-shaped curved surfaces widely exist in mechanical parts, the most common toothed surfaces with gears, the blade surfaces of propellers and the like, and the curved surfaces of the parts have wide range of application due to large use amount, so that a plurality of special machine tools and software are developed on the market to solve the processing problems.
However, for some special shaped curved surfaces, the parts are not used more than 1000 parts per year; the material is selected from a relatively special superhard coating such as hard alloy, quenched stainless steel SUS440C or WC; the precision requirement is high, for example, the contour deviation is smaller than 5 microns, and the roughness Rz is 1 micron (equivalent to Ra0.2microns). Such parts can only be manufactured using general equipment and by designing specific process methods.
Currently available common devices are electric spark (EDM), slow Wire (WC) and co-ordinate grinding (JG). EDM is inefficiency, and the precision is unstable, has the electric corrosion layer. The WC precision can meet the requirement, not only has an electric corrosion layer, but also has through-type cutter lifting and cutter retracting lines, and cannot be removed even if polished, so that the functions of parts are affected; the JG can meet the precision requirement, but the JG equipment cannot directly identify the special-shaped curve formed by the discrete points, and special calculation is needed to achieve the processing purpose.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a processing method of a high-precision special-shaped curved surface to solve the problem that the JG equipment cannot directly identify a special-shaped curve formed by discrete points to achieve the processing purpose.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a processing method of a high-precision special-shaped curved surface comprises the following steps:
s1, generating a multi-sense line according to curved surface parameters of a workpiece, and decomposing the multi-sense line into a plurality of multi-segment lines; wherein the multi-section line is composed of a plurality of straight line sections and/or circular arc sections;
s2, identifying straight line segments and/or circular arc segments in the multi-segment line, marking a starting point, and marking horizontal or vertical line segments by taking the starting point as an end point;
s3, sequentially selecting endpoints of N straight line segments and/or arc segments along the curve fitting direction, wherein the serial numbers are sequentially N i(i＝1～n) In N 1 、N 2 N n/2 Fitting an arc by three points to obtain the normal deviation between the arc and a fitted curve;
s4, comparing the deviation value in the step S3 with a standard deviation range; if the deviation value is within the standard deviation range, replacing the fitted circular arcs with the N straight-line segments and/or circular arc segments to be fitted; if the deviation value is beyond the standard deviation range, the endpoint is reselected and step S3 is repeated;
s5, selecting N straight line segments and/or endpoints of arc segments along the arc continuing direction fitted in the step S4, and repeating the step S3;
if the arc deviation value fitted by the endpoint selected in the step S5 is within the standard deviation range, increasing the N value of the endpoint, and repeating the step S3;
s6, repeating the steps S2 to S5 until all the straight line segments and/or the circular arc segments to be fitted are completely fitted;
s7, comparing the angle closed deviation range corresponding to the fitted circular arc and the standard circular arc; if the arc angle deviation value is within the arc angle deviation range, fitting to generate a processing curve; if the arc angle deviation value exceeds the arc angle deviation range, adjusting the fitted arc until the arc angle deviation is within the arc angle deviation range;
s8, guiding the processing curve into processing equipment and programming and processing.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Further, the ambiguous line is formed by function generation or coordinate point fitting.
Further, the standard deviation range in the step S4 is set to 10% of the part tolerance.
Further, the re-selecting the endpoint in the step S4 is performed by adjusting the intermediate point N n/2 Or decreasing the N value such that the deviation value is within the standard deviation range.
Further, the closed deviation range of the angle corresponding to the standard circular arc in the step S7 is 0.2 degrees.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
s9, establishing a three-dimensional model of the part according to the machining curve; on the basis of the three-dimensional model, a measurement coordinate system is established and measurement points are set;
s10, establishing a workpiece coordinate system on the part to be processed, and enabling the workpiece coordinate system to coincide with the measurement coordinate system in the step S9; and carrying out three-coordinate accurate point selection through the three-dimensional model and detecting the curved surface precision.
Further, the detection curved surface precision adopts a three-coordinate measuring machine to take a measuring point position as a guide, and corresponding points are automatically searched, identified, measured and compared.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method for processing the high-precision special-shaped curved surface utilizes the principles of analytic geometry and drawing geometry and auxiliary drawing technology to simulate the discrete curve lattice which can not be identified by JG into a continuous curve (surface) which can be programmed and processed, and has higher processing precision after processing the parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for decomposing a poly-sense line into a plurality of multi-segment lines;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a fitting of the present invention to generate a machining curve;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a stator component according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model based measurement coordinate system and measurement point location setup according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stator component in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a rotor component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed, unless otherwise specifically indicated and defined. The specific meaning of such terms in this patent will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
The invention provides a processing method of a high-precision special-shaped curved surface, which aims to solve the technical problems existing in the processing of the high-precision special-shaped curved surface of medium and small batches of parts, and is characterized in that a discrete dot matrix which cannot be identified by JK is fitted into a continuous curve (surface) which can be programmed and processed by utilizing analytic geometry, drawing geometry principles and related drawing technology, so that the special-shaped curve formed by discrete dots is directly identified by JG equipment, and the high-precision processing of the parts is realized.
The processing method of the high-precision special-shaped curved surface comprises the following steps:
s1, generating a multi-sense line according to curved surface parameters of a workpiece, and decomposing the multi-sense line into a plurality of multi-segment lines; wherein the multi-section line is composed of a plurality of straight line sections and/or circular arc sections;
the ambiguous line is formed by function generation or coordinate point fitting;
s2, identifying straight line segments and/or circular arc segments in the multi-segment line, marking a starting point, and marking horizontal or vertical line segments by taking the starting point as an end point;
s3, sequentially selecting endpoints of N straight line segments and/or arc segments along the curve fitting direction, wherein the serial numbers are sequentially N i(i＝1～n) In N 1 、N 2 N n/2 Fitting an arc by three points to obtain the normal deviation between the arc and a fitted curve;
s4, comparing the deviation value in the step S3 with a standard deviation range; if the deviation value is within the standard deviation range, replacing the fitted circular arcs with the N straight-line segments and/or circular arc segments to be fitted; if the deviation value is beyond the standard deviation range, the endpoint is reselected and step S3 is repeated;
wherein the standard deviation range is set to 10% of the part tolerance;
reselecting the endpoint by adjusting the intermediate point N n/2 Or decreasing the N value such that the deviation value is within the standard deviation range;
s5, selecting N straight line segments and/or endpoints of arc segments along the arc continuing direction fitted in the step S4, and repeating the step S3;
if the arc deviation value fitted by the endpoint selected in the step S5 is within the standard deviation range, the N value of the endpoint may be increased, and then the step S3 is repeated;
s6, repeating the steps S2 to S5 until all the straight line segments and/or the circular arc segments to be fitted are completely fitted;
s7, comparing the angle closed deviation range corresponding to the fitted circular arc and the standard circular arc; if the arc angle deviation value is within the arc angle deviation range, fitting to generate a processing curve; if the arc angle deviation value exceeds the arc angle deviation range, adjusting the fitted arc until the arc angle deviation is within the arc angle deviation range;
wherein the angle closure deviation range corresponding to the standard arc is 0.2 degrees;
s8, guiding the machining curve into machining equipment and programming and machining;
s9, establishing a three-dimensional model of the part according to the machining curve; on the basis of the three-dimensional model, a measurement coordinate system is established and measurement points are set;
s10, establishing a workpiece coordinate system on the part to be processed, and enabling the workpiece coordinate system to coincide with the measurement coordinate system in the step S9; and carrying out three-coordinate accurate point selection through the three-dimensional model and detecting the curved surface precision.
And the detection curved surface precision adopts a three-coordinate measuring machine to take the measuring point position as a guide, and the corresponding points are automatically searched, identified, measured and compared.
The processing method of the high-precision special-shaped curved surface provided by the invention utilizes the analytic geometry and drawing geometry principles and assists the drawing technology to simulate the discrete curve lattice which can not be identified by JG into a continuous curve (surface) which can be programmed and processed, and has higher processing precision.
In order to further explain the application of the processing method of the high-precision special-shaped curved surface provided by the invention to the processing of parts, the following embodiment is also provided:
example 1
The embodiment mainly takes the fitting of WHIG 10-102 stator inner hole curves as an example to explain in detail:
as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the material used for the above parts was YK10S cemented carbide, and the raw material specification was 107×107×18.
The method for fitting the WHIG 10-102 stator internal control curve comprises the following steps:
s1, generating a multi-sense line according to curved surface parameters of a workpiece, and decomposing the multi-sense line into a plurality of multi-segment lines; wherein the multi-section line is composed of a plurality of straight line sections and/or circular arc sections;
the ambiguous line is formed by function generation or coordinate point fitting; fitting the ambiguous lines is required because the ambiguous lines cannot be directly identified by the processing equipment.
S2, identifying straight line segments and/or circular arc segments in the multi-segment line, marking a starting point, and marking horizontal or vertical line segments by taking the starting point as an end point; referring to fig. 1, it can be seen by reference that the bore curve is formed of 200 arcs with a shortest arc length of only 0.0157 microns.
S3, sequentially selecting N along the curve fitting directionThe end points of the straight line segments and/or the circular arc segments are sequentially N in number i(i＝1～n) In N 1 、N 2 N n/2 And fitting the arc by three points to obtain the normal deviation between the arc and the fitted curve.
S4, comparing the deviation value in the step S3 with a standard deviation range; if the deviation value is within the standard deviation range, replacing the fitted circular arcs with the N straight-line segments and/or circular arc segments to be fitted; if the deviation value is outside the standard deviation range, the endpoint is reselected and step S3 is repeated.
The standard deviation range is set to 10% of the part tolerance, and in this embodiment, the standard deviation value is preferably 0.1 μm for the stator part machining process.
Reselecting the endpoint by adjusting the intermediate point N n/2 Or decreasing the N value such that the deviation value is within the standard deviation range.
S5, selecting N straight line segments and/or endpoints of arc segments along the arc continuing direction fitted in the step S4, and repeating the step S3.
If the arc deviation value fitted by the endpoint selected in step S5 is within the standard deviation range, the N value of the endpoint may be increased, and step S3 is repeated.
S6, repeating the steps S2 to S5 until all the straight line segments and/or the circular arc segments needing to be fitted are completely fitted.
S7, comparing the angle closed deviation range corresponding to the fitted circular arc and the standard circular arc; if the arc angle deviation value is within the arc angle deviation range, fitting to generate a processing curve; if the arc angle deviation value exceeds the arc angle deviation range, adjusting the fitted arc until the arc angle deviation is within the arc angle deviation range; after fitting, the total number of bore curves was 34, with a minimum arc length of 0.339 microns, see in particular fig. 2.
Wherein, the angle closing deviation range corresponding to the standard arc is 0.2 degrees;
s8, guiding the machining curve into machining equipment and programming and machining;
s9, establishing a three-dimensional model of the part according to the machining curve; on the basis of the three-dimensional model, a measurement coordinate system is established and measurement points are set; and (4) establishing a measurement coordinate system by positioning an outer circle, an end face and a key groove, and setting an upper layer of measurement points and a lower layer of measurement points, wherein the figure 4 is specifically referred to.
S10, establishing a workpiece coordinate system on the part to be processed, and enabling the workpiece coordinate system to coincide with the measurement coordinate system in the step S9; and carrying out three-coordinate accurate point selection through the three-dimensional model and detecting the curved surface precision.
And the detection curved surface precision adopts a three-coordinate measuring machine to take the measuring point position as a guide, and the corresponding points are automatically searched, identified, measured and compared.
In addition, the processing technology process of the WHIG 10-102 stator part is also described, and the specific processing procedures are as follows:
a1, a material preparation process: selecting hard alloy YK10S for feeding, and recovering the produced tailings;
a2, a fast yarn working procedure: rough cutting the outer circle, the inner hole and the section of the part, and reserving grinding allowance;
a3, a centerless grinding machine procedure: grinding the outer circle in place to ensure cylindricity;
a4, a plane grinding process: semi-finish grinding two end faces, reserving 0.2 allowance for finish grinding, and ensuring the perpendicularity of the end faces to be 0.003;
a5, slow wire WC working procedure: rough cutting of an inner hole special-shaped curve, allowance of single side of 0.05, line cutting of a key slot in place, and ensuring that symmetry is 0.002, and the width of the key slot and the arc of a notch R0.2 are in place;
a6, a coordinate grinding JG procedure, wherein the coordinate grinding accurate grinding inner hole ensures the roughness Ra0.2 and the peak and trough Rp/Rv1, and the contour deviation is 0.005; orifice edge collapse is less than 0.06;
a7, slow wire WC working procedure: the side window is in place, and the width 10 (0 to +/-0.1) is executed according to HB5800 without the noted tolerance;
a8, discharging EDM procedure: the crescent arc D10 (0 to +/-0.15) of the side surface and the crescent center hole pitch 29 (-0.21 to 0) of the crescent arc, and the sharp edge of the intersection of the side surface window and the excircle are deburred; the special-shaped curve of the inner hole is communicated with the tightly forbidden chamfer, and sharp edges must be maintained;
a9, a plane grinding process: the outer circle is chamfered by C0.3;
a10, a plane grinding process: the thickness is 16 (-0.005-0) in place, the surface shape positioning precision of the two ends is ensured, and the two ends of the key slot are burred and sharp edges;
a11, laser marking in a packer procedure, and deburring a marked part by metallographic sand paper (below W14) to avoid repeated numbers;
a12, final inspection process: cleaning, checking parts according to customer drawings, and filling in a detection report;
a13, warehouse-in working procedure: and (5) performing rust prevention treatment, packaging and warehousing.
The detection result of the WHIG 10-102 stator part after being processed is as follows:
example two
In the embodiment, the inner rotor of WHIG 102-111/112/178 is processed, the parts are shown in fig. 6 and 7, the principle of fitting the surface curve of the parts is the same as that of the first embodiment, and redundant description is omitted here.
In addition, the processing technology process of the WHIG 10-102 stator part is also described, and the specific processing procedures are as follows:
b1, material preparation working procedure: the A52183 steel is selected for feeding, and the produced tailings can be recovered;
b2, lathe working procedure: turning an outer circle and an inner hole D50 x 60 x D10, and chamfering an inner chamfer and an outer chamfer C0.5 with a tolerance of +/-0.1;
b3, heat treatment process: tempering by heat treatment;
b4, grinding machine working procedure: coarsely grinding an outer circle to obtain visible light;
b5, slow silk working procedure: cutting an external tooth profile curve and an inner hole, and reserving finishing and grinding allowance of 0.2-0.3;
b6, slow silk working procedure: the single-side margin of the thickness of the pull tab is 0.3 to 0.4;
b7, working procedure of a surface grinding machine: grinding thickness single-side allowance of 0.2-0.25;
b8, heat treatment process: carburizing;
and B9, working procedure of a surface grinding machine: finish grinding the end faces, wherein the flatness of the two end faces is 0.003, and the thickness of the end faces is reserved with a grinding allowance of 0.03-0.04;
b10, slow silk working procedure: finishing an external tooth profile curve and an inner hole, and reserving finishing and grinding allowance of 0.03-0.05;
b11, coordinate grinding process: finely grinding the inner hole to the drawing size, and ensuring verticality to be 0.01;
b12, coordinate grinding process: the outer tooth form is precisely grinded by the positioning of the inner hole and the end face, so that the tooth form precision and the position precision runout are ensured;
b13, a bench work procedure: removing redundant burrs;
and B14, final inspection process: checking the parts according to the drawing, and filling in a detection report;
b15, warehouse-in working procedure: and (5) cleaning, rust-preventing treatment, packaging and warehousing.
The detection result of the WHIG 102-111/112/178 inner rotor part after processing is as follows:
as can be seen from the detection results of the parts in the first and second embodiments, after the stator and rotor parts are processed by adopting the processing method of the high-precision special-shaped curved surface, the detection errors of all the measurement points are controlled within 2 micrometers, and the processing precision is ensured. In the process of machining the above parts, it is generally required to ensure that the contour accuracy of the parts is within ±5 microns, and in the above embodiment, the resolving system error may be basically lower than 1 micron, and the angle closing deviation is 0.2 degrees, so that the machining accuracy is relatively high. The processing method of the high-precision special-shaped curved surface provided by the invention can bring continuous and considerable economic benefit for a holder.
In this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, the unit of length is millimeter, and the unit of angle is degree.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for processing the high-precision special-shaped curved surface is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, generating a multi-sense line according to curved surface parameters of a workpiece, and decomposing the multi-sense line into a plurality of multi-segment lines; wherein the multi-section line is composed of a plurality of straight line sections and/or circular arc sections;
s2, identifying straight line segments and/or circular arc segments in the multi-segment line, marking a starting point, and marking horizontal or vertical line segments by taking the starting point as an end point;
s3, sequentially selecting endpoints of N straight line segments and/or arc segments along the curve fitting direction, wherein the serial numbers are sequentially N i(i＝1～n) In N 1 、N 2 N n/2 Fitting an arc by three points to obtain the normal deviation between the arc and a fitted curve;
s4, comparing the deviation value in the step S3 with a standard deviation range; if the deviation value is within the standard deviation range, replacing the fitted circular arcs with the N straight-line segments and/or circular arc segments to be fitted; if the deviation value is beyond the standard deviation range, the endpoint is reselected and step S3 is repeated;
s5, selecting N straight line segments and/or endpoints of arc segments along the arc continuing direction fitted in the step S4, and repeating the step S3;
if the arc deviation value fitted by the endpoint selected in the step S5 is within the standard deviation range, increasing the N value of the endpoint, and repeating the step S3;
s6, repeating the steps S2 to S5 until all the straight line segments and/or the circular arc segments to be fitted are completely fitted;
s7, comparing the angle closed deviation range corresponding to the fitted circular arc and the standard circular arc; if the arc angle deviation value is within the arc angle deviation range, fitting to generate a processing curve; if the arc angle deviation value exceeds the arc angle deviation range, adjusting the fitted arc until the arc angle deviation is within the arc angle deviation range;
s8, guiding the processing curve into processing equipment and programming and processing.
2. The method for processing the high-precision special-shaped curved surface according to claim 1, wherein the ambiguous line is formed by function generation or coordinate point fitting.
3. The method for machining a high-precision irregularly shaped curved surface according to claim 1, wherein the standard deviation range in the step S4 is set to 10% of the tolerance of the part.
4. The method for processing high-precision special-shaped curved surface according to claim 1, wherein the re-selecting the end point in the step S4 is performed by adjusting the intermediate point N n/2 Or decreasing the N value such that the deviation value is within the standard deviation range.
5. The method for processing a high-precision special-shaped curved surface according to claim 1, wherein the closed deviation range of the angle corresponding to the standard circular arc in the step S7 is 0.2 degrees.
6. The method for processing a high-precision special-shaped curved surface according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s9, establishing a three-dimensional model of the part according to the machining curve; on the basis of the three-dimensional model, a measurement coordinate system is established and measurement points are set;
s10, establishing a workpiece coordinate system on the part to be processed, and enabling the workpiece coordinate system to coincide with the measurement coordinate system in the step S9; and carrying out three-coordinate accurate point selection through the three-dimensional model and detecting the curved surface precision.
7. The method for processing the high-precision special-shaped curved surface according to claim 6, wherein the detection curved surface precision adopts a three-coordinate measuring machine to guide measurement points, and corresponding points are automatically searched, identified, measured and compared.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0421566A2 (en) * | 1989-10-04 | 1991-04-10 | Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. | System for generating approximate curves and system for memorizing curves |
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