CN103033205B - A kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on digitizing tunable optical source and demodulation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on digitizing tunable optical source and demodulation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103033205B
CN103033205B CN201210546162.6A CN201210546162A CN103033205B CN 103033205 B CN103033205 B CN 103033205B CN 201210546162 A CN201210546162 A CN 201210546162A CN 103033205 B CN103033205 B CN 103033205B
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张丽
邵军
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Abstract

The invention provides a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on digitizing tunable optical source, it is characterized in that: comprise the digitizing tunable optical source that can set arbitrarily wavelength and power, a coupling mechanism or circulator, a photoelectric conversion module, the data acquisition unit of a band synchronizing signal, and one calculates and control module.Digitizing tunable optical source, the light that light source sends enters measuring fiber through coupling mechanism or circulator, fiber grating reflection after tested on optical fiber, the light carrying information measured, back through coupling mechanism or circulator, incides on photoelectric conversion module, through synchronous data acquisition unit acquires signal, send into and calculate and control module, according to the reflectivity of different wave length, calculate the wavelength of fiber grating reflection, thus obtain the information of testing fiber grating temperature or strain.The advantage of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator of the present invention is, can eliminate traditional scan-type light source because the different stationary problem brought of fiber grating distance.

Description

A kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on digitizing tunable optical source and demodulation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to Fibre Optical Sensor, field of optical measuring technologies, be specifically related to a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on digitizing tunable optical source.
Background technology
Fiber-optic grating sensor is as the sensor of intelligent structure, have that volume is little, lightweight, corrosion-resistant, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, easy of integration, structure simple, high reliability, be successfully applied in space flight, aviation field as effective Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement already, also can apply in water conservancy and hydropower, colliery, material industry, boats and ships, chemical medicine simultaneously, and in the xoncrete structure that can be embedded in field of civil engineering and assembly, health monitoring is carried out to the integrality of structure and strain regime.Especially its Wavelength-encoding characteristic and can realize the advantage of quasi-distributed measurement on simple optical fiber other sensor is incomparable especially, has broad application prospects.
Fiber grating is a kind of optical filter with narrowband reflection characteristic be produced on optical fiber, its principle of work as shown in Figure 1, according to the coupling fiber theory of modules, in broadband light is transmitted in fiber grating, can produce Mode Coupling, the light meeting Bragg condition is reflected:
λ B=2·n eff·Λ(1)
In formula, λ bfor Prague centre wavelength, n efffor effective refractive index, Λ is screen periods.
In fiber grating sensing system, external physical quantity and information to be measured are for carrier transmits with the reflection wavelength of fiber grating.Λ and n effcapital changes because of the change of external environment, thus causes bragg reflection wavelength also respective offsets to occur, and the fiber core refractive index n of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG effagain the change along with ambient temperature or strain is changed with grating period A.Fiber Bragg Grating FBG can because the flexible and elasto-optical effect of screen periods causes the change of raster center reflection wavelength under effect of stress, and temperature is then caused by thermal expansion effects and thermo-optic effect on the impact of centre wavelength.The variation delta λ of fiber bragg grating center wavelength bfollowing linear relationship is there is with strain stress, temperature variation Δ T in certain scope:
Δλ BB=ε1-γ(2)
Δλ BB=(α+e)ΔT(3)
In formula: ε is the strain of optical fiber, γ is the elasto-optical coefficient of fiber optic materials, and α is the coefficient of thermal expansion of fiber optic materials, and Δ T is temperature variation, and e=1/n (dn/dT) is thermo-optical coeffecient.Just can determine according to above-mentioned relation the temperature and the stress that need perception by the change of measuring wavelength.Therefore, wavelength interrogation technique is the study hotspot in this field always, high precision, fast, low cost realize demodulation, be an important prerequisite of fiber-optic grating sensor large-scale engineeringization application.
At present, spectrometer detection method, grating matching method, edge filter method, tunable fiber F-P Fabry-Perot filter method, non-equilibrium M-Z fibre optic interferometer method, Michelson interferometer demodulation method, length scanning fiber laser demodulation method etc. are mainly contained to the method that optic fiber grating wavelength carries out demodulation.These methods are summed up and can be divided into: wideband light source/wideband filtered receives, wideband light source/adjustable narrow-band receives, wideband light source/interference receives and tunable narrowband optical source/broadband reception four class scheme.At present, practical demodulation techniques mainly adopt following three kinds of schemes in the world: 1 adopts wideband light source and the reflectance spectrum of tunable TEA CO2 laser to sensor fibre grating to scan; 2 spectral imaging technology adopting dispersion original paper and array to combine carry out wavelength analysis; 3 adopt high-power tunable narrow-band lasing light emitter to carry out length scanning to sensor fibre grating, with reference to following relevant domestic and international patent:
High precision optical fiber grating sensing signal demodulation instrument Chinese invention patent CN101216327B
Based on the CCD Demodulation System for Fiber Bragg China utility model of FPGA, CN201680848U
A kind of high precision optical fiber grating wave length demodulation system Chinese invention patent CN101586986B
A kind of multi-channel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator Chinese invention patent CN101718942B
High-speed, high precision hyperchannel Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator Chinese invention patent CN102252704A
A kind of fiber Bragg grating sensor Chinese invention patent CN102183267A
A kind of tunable laser type fiber Bragg grating wavelength demodulation device Chinese invention patent CN102494874A
A kind of Bragg grating sensing system (FiberBraggGratingSensorSystem) (US Patent No. 7333680B2)
Adopt the Wavelength demodulation system of wideband light source, light due to Bragg reflection wavelength only accounts for a minimum part for whole spectrum, therefore its signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is very low, and early stage adopts full analogue technique, i.e. light source continuous sweep, detector receives continuously, peakvalue's checking is carried out with hardware, extract peak information, although this method is simply direct, higher precision cannot be obtained by algorithm, later stage is along with the development of laser technique, high-power tunable laser is come out, light source adopts tunable narrow-band laser instrument to replace wideband light source, substantially increase its signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), and improvement receive mode, by adopting digitizing receive mode, i.e. light source continuous sweep, AD conversion is used at detector end, the simulating signal received is converted to digital signal, computing is carried out to digital signal sequences, thus obtain peak information, the advantage of this method can carry out various algorithm for the Serial No. received, such as fitting process, centroid algorithm etc., more adaptability is had to the spectral shape of grating, further increase measuring accuracy.But shortcoming is: sample in the retention time at AD, optical source wavelength is also in change, and what measure is the result of mean wavelength, easily brings test error.Up to the present, the document of all about high-accuracy wavelength (FBG) demodulator both at home and abroad or patent are all adopt above-described demodulation method, i.e. light source continuous sweep method, no matter be adopt wideband light source or adopt adjustable narrow-band light source.
Summary of the invention
One of technical matters to be solved by this invention is the deficiency overcoming above-mentioned fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, provides a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on totally digitilized tunable optical source.
Solve the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme to comprise: a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on digitizing tunable optical source, its difference is: it comprises digitizing tunable optical source, photo-coupler or circulator, photoelectric conversion module, data acquisition unit, calculation control unit; The output termination photo-coupler of digitizing tunable optical source or the input end of circulator, one output terminal of photo-coupler or circulator is connected in series N number of Bragg grating, another output terminal is access data collecting unit after photoelectric conversion module, finally enters calculation control unit.
In above scheme, described digitizing tunable optical source adopts discontinuous scanning light source, can set arbitrarily wavelength and power, and can change the interval of wavelength and put in order, and also can arrange the residence time of a certain wavelength neatly, obtain higher wavelength accuracy.
In above scheme, described digitizing tunable optical source, to connect with synchronous data line between data acquisition unit and calculation control unit.Like this, data acquisition and optical source wavelength setting can accomplish Complete Synchronization, can eliminate traditional scan-type light source because the different stationary problem brought of fiber grating distance, further increase the precision of Wavelength demodulation.
In above scheme, described digitizing tunable optical source or be made up of wideband light source, tunable optic filter, programme control circut; Or be made up of the integrated tunable narrowband optical source of various semiconductor, programme control circut; Or be made up of annular cavity laser, programme control circut, described annular cavity laser or be made up of EDFA, tunable optic filter, described annular cavity laser or be made up of SOA, tunable optic filter; Or be made up of semiconductor outside cavity gas laser, programme control circut, semiconductor outside cavity gas laser is reflected formed by semiconductor gain chip, diffraction grating, MEMS.
In above scheme, described photo-coupler or circulator 2 select theoretical splitting ratio to be the photo-coupler of 50:50 respectively, or select the photo-coupler of the multiple splitting ratio such as 10:90,20:80,30:70,40:60.
In above scheme, described photoelectric conversion module is made up of detector PIN, opto-electronic conversion, filtering, amplification, shaping circuit.
In above scheme, described data acquisition unit is the data acquisition circuit be made up of high precision analogue A/D change-over circuit.
In above scheme, described calculation control unit comprises synchronizing signal generation module, digital signal processing module, communication interface, and described calculation control unit can be any one in single-chip microcomputer, ARM or industrial computer, computing machine.
Two of technical matters to be solved by this invention is the deficiency overcoming above-mentioned fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, a kind of fiber grating demodulation method based on digitizing tunable optical source is provided, its difference is: it comprises the following steps: the light that first digitizing tunable optical source sends enters measuring fiber through coupling mechanism or circulator, fiber grating reflection after tested on optical fiber, carry the light of information measured back through coupling mechanism or circulator, incide on photoelectric conversion module, through synchronous data acquisition unit acquires signal, send into and calculate and control module, according to the reflectivity of different wave length, calculate the wavelength of fiber grating reflection, thus obtain the information of testing fiber grating temperature or strain.
Contrast prior art, principle of the present invention and beneficial effect as follows:
The present invention adopts digitizing tunable optical source, this digitizing tunable optical source is not the light source of continuous sweep, but it is discrete, can wavelength and power be set arbitrarily, the tunable optical source of digitizing simultaneously, the interval of wavelength can be changed and put in order, the residence time of a certain wavelength also can be set neatly; Data acquisition and optical source wavelength setting can accomplish Complete Synchronization, can eliminate traditional scan-type light source because the different stationary problem brought of fiber grating distance, obtain higher wavelength accuracy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the principle of work schematic diagram of bragg grating;
Fig. 2 is a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator structural representation based on digitizing tunable optical source of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the contrast schematic diagram of digitizing tunable optical source of the present invention and traditional scanning light source wavelength and time relationship.
Embodiment
Main thought of the present invention proposes a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on digitizing tunable optical source, namely digitizing tunable optical source is adopted to replace traditional surface sweeping light source to do the light source of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, because digitizing tunable optical source is discrete, can wavelength and power be set arbitrarily, and arbitrarily can change the interval of wavelength and put in order, add the dirigibility of wavelength measurement; Another digitizing tunable optical source, to connect with synchronous data line between data acquisition unit and calculation control unit, like this, data acquisition and optical source wavelength setting can accomplish Complete Synchronization, traditional scan-type light source can be eliminated because the different stationary problem brought of fiber grating distance, further increase the precision of Wavelength demodulation.
Now by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described further:
Accompanying drawings 2, a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on digitizing tunable optical source of the present invention comprises data acquisition unit 5, the calculation control unit 6 of digitizing tunable optical source 1, photo-coupler or circulator 2, photoelectric conversion module 4, band synchronizing signal.Annexation is therebetween: the output termination photo-coupler of digitizing tunable optical source 1 or the input end of circulator 2, one output terminal of photo-coupler or circulator 2 is connected in series N number of Bragg grating 3-1,3-2 ... 3-N, another output terminal is access data collecting unit 5 after photoelectric conversion module 4, finally enters calculation control unit 6.
Preferably, described digitizing tunable optical source 1 adopts discontinuous scanning light source, can set arbitrarily wavelength and power, and can change the interval of wavelength and put in order, and also can arrange the residence time of a certain wavelength neatly, obtain higher wavelength accuracy.
Preferably, described digitizing tunable optical source 1, connect with synchronous data line between data acquisition unit 5 and calculation control unit 6.Like this, data acquisition and optical source wavelength setting can accomplish Complete Synchronization, can eliminate traditional scan-type light source because the different stationary problem brought of fiber grating distance, further increase the precision of Wavelength demodulation.
Preferably, described digitizing tunable optical source 1 or be made up of wideband light source, tunable optic filter, programme control circut; Or be made up of the integrated tunable narrowband optical source of various semiconductor, programme control circut; Or be made up of annular cavity laser, programme control circut, described annular cavity laser or be made up of EDFA, tunable optic filter, described annular cavity laser or be made up of SOA, tunable optic filter; Or be made up of semiconductor outside cavity gas laser, programme control circut, semiconductor outside cavity gas laser is reflected formed by semiconductor gain chip, diffraction grating, MEMS.
Preferably, described photo-coupler or circulator 2 select theoretical splitting ratio to be the photo-coupler of 50:50 respectively, or select the photo-coupler of the multiple splitting ratio such as 10:90,20:80,30:70,40:60.
Preferably, described photoelectric conversion module 4 is made up of detector PIN, opto-electronic conversion, filtering, amplification, shaping circuit.
Preferably, described data acquisition unit 5 is the data acquisition circuits be made up of high precision analogue (A/D) change-over circuit.
Preferably, described calculation control unit 6 comprises synchronizing signal generation module, digital signal processing module, communication interface, and described calculation control unit 6 can be any one in single-chip microcomputer, ARM or industrial computer, computing machine.
Light path principle is as follows: the light that digitizing tunable optical source 1 sends enters in measuring fiber 3 through coupling mechanism or circulator 2, fiber grating 3-1 after tested on optical fiber, 3-2 ... .3-N reflect, carry the light of information measured back through coupling mechanism or circulator 2, incide on photoelectric conversion module 4, through synchronous data acquisition unit 5 collection signal, send into and calculate and control module 6, according to the reflectivity of different wave length, calculate the wavelength of fiber grating reflection, thus obtain the information of testing fiber grating temperature or strain.
Fig. 3 is the contrast schematic diagram of digitizing tunable optical source and traditional scanning light source, upper figure is traditional scanning light source wavelength and time relationship schematic diagram, in figure, its scanning wavelength and time relationship are serial relation, like this, in data acquisition, sample in the retention time especially at AD, optical source wavelength is also in change, what measure is mean wavelength, easily brings test error.Figure below is the digitizing tunable optical source of the present invention, its wavelength and time relationship are discrete, in a certain section of acquisition time, a fixed wave length can be set, to be collected complete after, according to synchronizing information instruction, the next wavelength of random setting is tested, and only otherwise conduct oneself as interrupting, above-mentioned gatherer process will continue always, final image data is aggregated in calculating and control module, carries out analyzing and processing by calculating and control module.
Above embodiment is used for illustrative purposes only, but not limitation of the present invention, person skilled in the relevant technique; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make various conversion or modification, therefore all equivalent technical schemes, all fall into protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. the fiber grating demodulation method based on digitizing tunable optical source, it is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps: the discrete light that first digitizing tunable optical source sends enters measuring fiber through coupling mechanism or circulator, fiber grating reflection after tested on optical fiber, carry the light of information measured back through coupling mechanism or circulator, incide on photoelectric conversion module, through synchronous data acquisition unit acquires signal, send into calculation control unit, according to the reflectivity of different wave length, calculate the wavelength of fiber grating reflection, thus obtain the information of testing fiber grating temperature or strain, described digitizing tunable optical source (1), its wavelength and time relationship are discrete, a fixed wave length is set in a certain section of acquisition time, to be collected complete after, according to synchronizing information instruction, the next wavelength of random setting is tested, only otherwise conduct oneself as interrupting, above-mentioned gatherer process will continue always, and final image data is aggregated in calculation control unit, carries out analyzing and processing by calculation control unit, the output termination photo-coupler of digitizing tunable optical source (1) or the input end of circulator (2), one output terminal of photo-coupler or circulator (2) is connected in series N number of Bragg grating (3-1,3-2,3-N), another output terminal is access data collecting unit (5) after photoelectric conversion module (4), finally enters calculation control unit (6), the employing of described digitizing tunable optical source (1) can set arbitrarily the discontinuous scanning light source of wavelength and power, the interval of wavelength and put in order and the residence time of wavelength variable, described digitizing tunable optical source (1), to connect with synchronous data line between data acquisition unit (5) and calculation control unit (6).
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the fiber grating demodulation method of digitizing tunable optical source, it is characterized in that: described digitizing tunable optical source (1) or be made up of wideband light source, tunable optic filter, programme control circut; Or be made up of the integrated tunable narrowband optical source of various semiconductor, programme control circut; Or be made up of annular cavity laser, programme control circut, described annular cavity laser or be made up of EDFA, tunable optic filter, described annular cavity laser or be made up of SOA, tunable optic filter; Or be made up of semiconductor outside cavity gas laser, programme control circut, semiconductor outside cavity gas laser is reflected formed by semiconductor gain chip, diffraction grating, MEMS.
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on the fiber grating demodulation method of digitizing tunable optical source, it is characterized in that: described photo-coupler or circulator (2) select theoretical splitting ratio to be the photo-coupler of 50:50, or select the photo-coupler of four kinds of splitting ratios such as 10:90,20:80,30:70,40:60.
4., as claimed in claim 1 based on the fiber grating demodulation method of digitizing tunable optical source, it is characterized in that: described photoelectric conversion module (4) is made up of detector PIN, opto-electronic conversion, filtering, amplification, shaping circuit.
5., as claimed in claim 1 based on the fiber grating demodulation method of digitizing tunable optical source, it is characterized in that: described data acquisition unit (5) is the data acquisition circuit be made up of high precision analogue A/D change-over circuit.
6., as claimed in claim 1 based on the fiber grating demodulation method of digitizing tunable optical source, it is characterized in that: described calculation control unit (6) comprises synchronizing signal generation module, digital signal processing module, communication interface.
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