CN103033205A - Fiber bragg grating interrogator based on digitization tunable light sources and method thereof - Google Patents
Fiber bragg grating interrogator based on digitization tunable light sources and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a fiber bragg grating interrogator based on a digitization tunable light source. The fiber bragg grating interrogator based on the digitization tunable light source is characterized by comprising the digitization tunable light source, a coupler of a circulator, a photovoltaic conversion module, a data acquisition unit and a calculation and control unit, wherein wavelength and power of the digitization tunable light source are capable of being arbitrarily set, and the data acquisition unit is provided with synchronizing signals. Light emitted by the digitization tunable light source passes through the coupler or the circulator, enters a testing optical fiber, and is reflected by a fiber bragg grating on the testing optical fiber, and the light which carries tested information reversely passes through the coupler of the circulator and lights onto the photovoltaic conversion module. Signals of the light are collected by the synchronous data acquisition unit, and are sent into the calculation and control unit, reflected wavelength of the fiber bragg grating is calculated according to reflectivity of different wavelength, and information of temperature and strain of the fiber bragg grating to be tested is obtained. The fiber bragg grating interrogator based on the digitization tunable light source has the advantage of being capable of eliminating the synchronization problem of a traditional scanning type light resource caused by different distance of the fiber bragg grating.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Fibre Optical Sensor, field of optical measuring technologies, be specifically related to a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on the digitizing tunable optical source.
Background technology
Fiber-optic grating sensor is as the sensor of intelligent structure, have that volume is little, lightweight, corrosion-resistant, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, easy of integration, simple in structure, high reliability, be successfully applied in space flight, the aviation field as effective Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement already, also can in water conservancy and hydropower, colliery, material industry, boats and ships, chemical field of medicaments, use simultaneously, and can be embedded in the xoncrete structure and assembly of field of civil engineering, integrality and the strain regime of structure are carried out health monitoring.Especially its Wavelength-encoding characteristic and can realize the advantage of quasi-distributed measurement at simple optical fiber other sensor is incomparable especially has broad application prospects.
Fiber grating is a kind of optical filter with narrowband reflection characteristic that is produced on the optical fiber, its principle of work as shown in Figure 1, according to the coupling fiber theory of modules, when broadband light is transmitted in fiber grating, can produce Mode Coupling, the light that satisfies Bragg condition is reflected:
λ
B=2·n
eff·Λ (1)
In the formula, λ
BBe Prague centre wavelength, n
EffBe effective refractive index, Λ is the grating cycle.
In fiber grating sensing system, external physical quantity is that information to be measured is to transmit take the reflection wavelength of fiber grating as carrier.Λ and n
EffThe capital changes because of the variation of external environment, thereby causes that respective offsets also occurs bragg reflection wavelength, and the fiber core refractive index n of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG
EffTo change along with the variation of ambient temperature or strain again with the grating periods lambda.Fiber Bragg Grating FBG can be because the flexible and elasto-optical effect in grating cycle causes the variation of raster center reflection wavelength under effect of stress, and temperature then is to be caused by thermal expansion effects and thermo-optic effect on the impact of centre wavelength.The variation delta λ of fiber bragg grating center wavelength
BIn certain scope, there is following linear relationship with strain stress, temperature variation Δ T:
Δλ
B/λ
B=ε1-γ (2)
Δλ
B/λ
B=(α+e)ΔT (3)
In the formula: ε is the strain of optical fiber, and γ is the elasto-optical coefficient of fiber optic materials, and α is the coefficient of thermal expansion of fiber optic materials, and Δ T is temperature variation, and e=1/n (dn/dT) is thermo-optical coeffecient.Just need can determine temperature and the stress of perception according to above-mentioned relation by the variation of measuring wavelength.Therefore, the Wavelength demodulation technology is the study hotspot in this field always, high precision, realizes demodulation fast, cheaply, is an important prerequisite of fiber-optic grating sensor large-scale engineering application.
The method of at present, optic fiber grating wavelength being carried out demodulation mainly contains spectrometer detection method, grating matching method, edge filter method, tunable fiber F-P Fabry-Perot filter method, non-equilibrium M-Z fibre optic interferometer method, Michelson interferometer demodulation method, length scanning fiber laser demodulation method etc.These methods are summed up and can be divided into: wideband light source/wideband filtered receives, wideband light source/adjustable narrow-band receives, wideband light source/interference receives and tunable narrowband optical source/broadband reception four class schemes.At present, practical demodulation techniques mainly adopt following three kinds of schemes in the world: 1 employing wideband light source and tunable F-P wave filter scan the reflectance spectrum of sensor fibre grating; The 2 light spectrum image-forming technology that adopt dispersion original paper and array to combine are carried out wavelength analysis; 3 adopt high-power tunable narrow-band lasing light emitter that the sensor fibre grating is carried out length scanning, the following relevant domestic and international patent of reference:
High precision optical fiber grating sensing signal demodulation instrument Chinese invention patent CN 101216327 B
Based on the CCD Demodulation System for Fiber Bragg China utility model of FPGA, CN 201680848 U
A kind of high precision optical fiber grating wave length demodulation system Chinese invention patent CN 101586986 B
A kind of multi-channel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator Chinese invention patent CN 101718942 B
High-speed, high precision hyperchannel Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator Chinese invention patent CN 102252704 A
A kind of fiber Bragg grating sensor Chinese invention patent CN 102183267 A
A kind of tunable laser type fiber Bragg grating wavelength demodulation device Chinese invention patent CN 102494874 A
A kind of Bragg grating sensing system (Fiber Bragg Grat ing Sensor System) (US Patent No. 7333680B2)
Adopt the Wavelength demodulation system of wideband light source, because the light of Bragg reflection wavelength only accounts for the minimum part of whole spectrum, so its signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is very low, and adopt full analogue technique early stage, i.e. light source continuous sweep, and detector receives continuously, carrying out peak value with hardware detects, extract peak information, although this method is directly simple, can't obtain higher precision by algorithm; Later stage is along with the development of laser technique, high-power tunable laser is come out, light source adopts the tunable narrow-band laser instrument to replace wideband light source, greatly improved its signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), and improvement receive mode, by adopting the digitizing receive mode, i.e. light source continuous sweep is used the AD conversion at the detector end, the analog signal conversion that receives is become digital signal, digital signal sequences is carried out computing, thereby obtain peak information, the advantage of this method is can carry out various algorithms for the Serial No. that receives, such as fitting process, centroid algorithms etc. more have adaptability to the spectral shape of grating, have further improved measuring accuracy.But shortcoming is: in the sampling retention time, optical source wavelength is also changing at AD, and that measure is the result of mean wavelength, brings easily test error.Up to the present, disclosed document or patent all about the high-accuracy wavelength (FBG) demodulator all are to adopt above-described demodulation method both at home and abroad, and namely the light source continuous sweep method adopts wideband light source or adopts adjustable narrow-band light source no matter be.
Summary of the invention
One of technical matters to be solved by this invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, and a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on totally digitilized tunable optical source is provided.
Solving the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that adopts comprises: a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on the digitizing tunable optical source, and its difference is: it comprises digitizing tunable optical source, photo-coupler or circulator, photoelectric conversion module, data acquisition unit, calculation control unit; The output termination photo-coupler of digitizing tunable optical source or the input end of circulator, N Bragg grating of output terminal serial connection of photo-coupler or circulator, another output terminal is the access data collecting unit behind photoelectric conversion module, finally enters calculation control unit.
In the above scheme, described digitizing tunable optical source adopts discontinuous scanning light source, can Set arbitrarily wavelength and power, and can change the interval of wavelength and put in order, the residence time of a certain wavelength also can be set neatly, obtain higher wavelength accuracy.
In the above scheme, connect with synchronous data line between described digitizing tunable optical source, data acquisition unit and the calculation control unit.Like this, data acquisition and optical source wavelength are set can accomplish Complete Synchronization, can eliminate traditional scan-type light source because of the stationary problem that fiber grating brings apart from difference, has further improved the precision of Wavelength demodulation.
In the above scheme, described digitizing tunable optical source or consisted of by wideband light source, tunable optic filter, programme control circut; Or consisted of by the integrated tunable narrowband optical source of various semiconductors, programme control circut; Or consisted of described annular cavity laser or consisted of by EDFA, tunable optic filter, described annular cavity laser or consisted of by SOA, tunable optic filter by annular cavity laser, programme control circut; Or consisted of by semiconductor outside cavity gas laser, programme control circut, the semiconductor outside cavity gas laser is made of semiconductor gain chip, diffraction grating, MEMS reflection.
In the above scheme, it is the photo-coupler of 50:50 that described photo-coupler or circulator 2 are selected respectively theoretical splitting ratio, or selects the photo-coupler of the multiple splitting ratios such as 10:90,20:80,30:70,40:60.
In the above scheme, described photoelectric conversion module is made of detector PIN, opto-electronic conversion, filtering, amplification, shaping circuit.
In the above scheme, described data acquisition unit is the data acquisition circuit that is made of high precision analogue A/D change-over circuit.
In the above scheme, described calculation control unit comprises synchronizing signal generation module, digital signal processing module, communication interface, and described calculation control unit can be any in single-chip microcomputer, ARM or industrial computer, the computing machine.
Two of technical matters to be solved by this invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, a kind of fiber grating demodulation method based on the digitizing tunable optical source is provided, its difference is: it may further comprise the steps: at first the light that sends of digitizing tunable optical source enters measuring fiber through coupling mechanism or circulator, the after tested reflection of the fiber grating on the optical fiber, carry the light of information measured oppositely by coupling mechanism or circulator, incide on the photoelectric conversion module, through synchronous data acquisition unit collection signal, send into and calculate and control module, reflectivity according to different wave length, calculate the wavelength of fiber grating reflection, thereby obtain the information of testing fiber grating temperature or strain.
The contrast prior art, principle of the present invention and beneficial effect are as follows:
The present invention adopts the digitizing tunable optical source, this digitizing tunable optical source is not the light source of continuous sweep, but discrete, wavelength and power can be set arbitrarily, simultaneously digitizing tunable optical source, can change wavelength the interval and put in order, the residence time of a certain wavelength also can be set neatly; Data acquisition and optical source wavelength are set can accomplish Complete Synchronization, can eliminate traditional scan-type light source because the stationary problem that fiber grating brings apart from difference obtains higher wavelength accuracy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle of work synoptic diagram of bragg grating;
Fig. 2 is a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator structural representation based on the digitizing tunable optical source of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the contrast synoptic diagram of digitizing tunable optical source of the present invention and traditional scanning light source wavelength and time relationship.
Embodiment
Main thought of the present invention is to propose a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on the digitizing tunable optical source, namely adopt the digitizing tunable optical source to replace traditional surface sweeping light source to do the light source of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, because the digitizing tunable optical source disperses, wavelength and power can be set arbitrarily, and can arbitrarily change wavelength the interval and put in order, increased the dirigibility of wavelength measurement; Connect with synchronous data line between digitizing tunable optical source, data acquisition unit and the calculation control unit in addition, like this, data acquisition and optical source wavelength are set can accomplish Complete Synchronization, can eliminate traditional scan-type light source because of the stationary problem that fiber grating brings apart from difference, further improve the precision of Wavelength demodulation.
Now by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described further:
Preferably, described digitizing tunable optical source 1 adopts discontinuous scanning light source, can Set arbitrarily wavelength and power, and can change the interval of wavelength and put in order, the residence time of a certain wavelength also can be set neatly, obtain higher wavelength accuracy.
Preferably, connect with synchronous data line between described digitizing tunable optical source 1, data acquisition unit 5 and the calculation control unit 6.Like this, data acquisition and optical source wavelength are set can accomplish Complete Synchronization, can eliminate traditional scan-type light source because of the stationary problem that fiber grating brings apart from difference, has further improved the precision of Wavelength demodulation.
Preferably, described digitizing tunable optical source 1 or consisted of by wideband light source, tunable optic filter, programme control circut; Or consisted of by the integrated tunable narrowband optical source of various semiconductors, programme control circut; Or consisted of described annular cavity laser or consisted of by EDFA, tunable optic filter, described annular cavity laser or consisted of by SOA, tunable optic filter by annular cavity laser, programme control circut; Or consisted of by semiconductor outside cavity gas laser, programme control circut, the semiconductor outside cavity gas laser is made of semiconductor gain chip, diffraction grating, MEMS reflection.
Preferably, it is the photo-coupler of 50:50 that described photo-coupler or circulator 2 are selected respectively theoretical splitting ratio, or selects the photo-coupler of the multiple splitting ratios such as 10:90,20:80,30:70,40:60.
Preferably, described photoelectric conversion module 4 is made of detector PIN, opto-electronic conversion, filtering, amplification, shaping circuit.
Preferably, described data acquisition unit 5 is the data acquisition circuits that are made of high precision analogue (A/D) change-over circuit.
Preferably, described calculation control unit 6 comprises synchronizing signal generation module, digital signal processing module, communication interface, and described calculation control unit 6 can be any in single-chip microcomputer, ARM or industrial computer, the computing machine.
Light path principle is as follows: the light that digitizing tunable optical source 1 sends enters in the measuring fiber 3 through coupling mechanism or circulator 2, the fiber grating 3-1 on the optical fiber after tested, 3-2 ... .3-N reflection, carry the light of information measured oppositely by coupling mechanism or circulator 2, incide on the photoelectric conversion module 4, through synchronous data acquisition unit 5 collection signals, send into and calculate and control module 6, reflectivity according to different wave length, calculate the wavelength of fiber grating reflection, thereby obtain the information of testing fiber grating temperature or strain.
Fig. 3 is the contrast synoptic diagram of digitizing tunable optical source and traditional scanning light source, upper figure is traditional scanning light source wavelength and time relationship synoptic diagram, its scanning wavelength and time relationship are serial relation among the figure, like this, in data acquisition, in AD sampled the retention time, optical source wavelength was also changing especially, what measure is mean wavelength, brings easily test error.Figure below is the digitizing tunable optical source that the present invention uses, its wavelength and time relationship disperse, in a certain section acquisition time, can set a fixed wave length, after to be collected the finishing, according to the synchronizing information instruction, set at random next wavelength and test, only otherwise to conduct oneself be to interrupt, above-mentioned gatherer process will continue always, final image data is aggregated in calculating and the control module, carries out analyzing and processing by calculating and control module.
Above embodiment is only for explanation the present invention, but not limitation of the present invention, person skilled in the relevant technique; in the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make various conversion or modification, so all technical schemes that are equal to, all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on the digitizing tunable optical source, it is characterized in that: it comprises digitizing tunable optical source (1), photo-coupler or circulator (2), photoelectric conversion module (4), data acquisition unit (5), calculation control unit (6); The input end of the output termination photo-coupler of digitizing tunable optical source (1) or circulator (2), N Bragg grating (3-1 of output terminal serial connection of photo-coupler or circulator (2), 3-2,3-N), another output terminal is access data collecting unit (5) behind photoelectric conversion module (4), finally enters calculation control unit (6).
2. a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on the digitizing tunable optical source as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described digitizing tunable optical source (1) adopts discontinuous scanning light source, can Set arbitrarily wavelength and power, and can change wavelength the interval and put in order, the residence time of a certain wavelength also can be set neatly, obtain higher wavelength accuracy.
3. a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on the digitizing tunable optical source as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: connect with synchronous data line between described digitizing tunable optical source (1), data acquisition unit (5) and the calculation control unit (6).
4. a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on the digitizing tunable optical source as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described digitizing tunable optical source (1) or be made of wideband light source, tunable optic filter, programme control circut; Or consisted of by the integrated tunable narrowband optical source of various semiconductors, programme control circut; Or consisted of described annular cavity laser or consisted of by EDFA, tunable optic filter, described annular cavity laser or consisted of by SOA, tunable optic filter by annular cavity laser, programme control circut; Or consisted of by semiconductor outside cavity gas laser, programme control circut, the semiconductor outside cavity gas laser is made of semiconductor gain chip, diffraction grating, MEMS reflection.
5. a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on the digitizing tunable optical source as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is the photo-coupler of 50:50 that described photo-coupler or circulator (2) are selected respectively theoretical splitting ratio, or selects the photo-coupler of the multiple splitting ratios such as 10:90,20:80,30:70,40:60.
6. a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on the digitizing tunable optical source as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described photoelectric conversion module (4) is made of detector PIN, opto-electronic conversion, filtering, amplification, shaping circuit.
7. a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on the digitizing tunable optical source as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described data acquisition unit (5) is the data acquisition circuit that is made of high precision analogue A/D change-over circuit.
8. a kind of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on the digitizing tunable optical source as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described calculation control unit (6) comprises synchronizing signal generation module, digital signal processing module, communication interface.
9. fiber grating demodulation method based on the digitizing tunable optical source, it is characterized in that: it may further comprise the steps: at first the light that sends of digitizing tunable optical source enters measuring fiber through coupling mechanism or circulator, the after tested reflection of the fiber grating on the optical fiber, carry the light of information measured oppositely by coupling mechanism or circulator, incide on the photoelectric conversion module, through synchronous data acquisition unit collection signal, send into and calculate and control module, reflectivity according to different wave length, calculate the wavelength of fiber grating reflection, thereby obtain the information of testing fiber grating temperature or strain.
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| CN103837179A (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2014-06-04 | 华中科技大学 | Distributed optic fiber sensor based on multi-domain mixed and multiplex mode and modulation and demodulation method thereof |
| CN104536081A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-22 | 北京神州普惠科技股份有限公司 | Apparatus and method for manufacturing high-precision multi-wavelength weak-reflectivity fiber bragg grating array |
| CN107024236A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-08-08 | 成都凯天电子股份有限公司 | F P/FBG fibre optical sensor demodulating systems |
| CN108150836A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-12 | 天津超音科技有限公司 | Monitoring leak from oil gas pipe early warning system based on optical fiber |
| CN108833001A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-11-16 | 中山水木光华电子信息科技有限公司 | A kind of optical fiber code identifying system based on tunable optical source |
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| CN108833001A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-11-16 | 中山水木光华电子信息科技有限公司 | A kind of optical fiber code identifying system based on tunable optical source |
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