CN103021483B - A kind of auxiliary heating system for liquid metal cooling natural circulation reactor - Google Patents
A kind of auxiliary heating system for liquid metal cooling natural circulation reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN103021483B CN103021483B CN201210591655.1A CN201210591655A CN103021483B CN 103021483 B CN103021483 B CN 103021483B CN 201210591655 A CN201210591655 A CN 201210591655A CN 103021483 B CN103021483 B CN 103021483B
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- liquid metal
- nitrogen
- main container
- reactor
- container
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- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the auxiliary heating system of a kind of liquid metal cooling natural circulation reactor, comprise the pipeline and valve that are connected between nitrogen hold-up tank (1), filtrator (2), gas heater (3), hot nitrogen input pipe (4), primary tank (5), safety container (6), air pump (7) and equipment.This system achieves carries out the function of auxiliary heating to liquid metal coolant in heap outside liquid metal pool reactor primary tank, system architecture is simple, without the need to increasing or starting in-pile component during operation, the liquid metal in primary tank can be made after system cloud gray model to form micro-Natural Circulation, also effectively can improve reliability and the security of reactor simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a liquid metal heating system, in particular to an auxiliary heating system of a liquid metal cooling natural circulation reactor.
Background
The liquid metal cooling pool type natural circulation reactor adopts liquid metal as a coolant, and when the power of the reactor is low, the heat generated by the reactor core is not enough to maintain the temperature of the liquid metal coolant in the main loop above the melting point. If the coolant should solidify, it will cause serious damage to the system and equipment of the stack body. Therefore, when reactor power is low, the liquid metal coolant must be heated to maintain it in a liquid state.
At present, an auxiliary heating system of a liquid metal reactor mainly has the following modes:
one mode is the same as the auxiliary heating mode of the Chinese experimental fast reactor, the electric tracking heater is wrapped on the two loops and the intermediate loop of the accident waste heat discharge system, when the power level of the reactor is very low, the electric tracking heater heats the sodium in the two loops and the intermediate loop, then the heat is transferred to the sodium in the main container through the main heat exchanger and the independent heat exchanger, and meanwhile, the main pump is required to keep the running state so as to maintain the sodium circulation in the reactor. However, the heating device in this manner is arranged in the main tank above the coolant in the bath, thus increasing the complexity of the structure in the stack; this approach requires both the main pump and the two-circuit pump to operate at low power, which not only reduces the reliability and safety of the system, but is also not applicable to reactors where the main coolant is in a natural circulation flow form.
The other mode is similar to the heating mode of a lead bismuth alloy cooling fast reactor driven by a Belgium accelerator, and a coolant regulating system is arranged at the bottom of a main container, and an electric heater is arranged in the system and used for heating the lead bismuth coolant to the required temperature when the reactor is stopped for maintenance. However, the heating device is installed in the main container in this way, which not only increases the complexity of the structure in the stack, but also makes inspection and maintenance of the system inconvenient.
In addition, the gas heating system adopted by the Chinese experimental fast reactor preheats the main container, the internal equipment components of the main container and the reactor safety container by adopting argon before the main container is filled with sodium, and after the purpose is achieved, the system is dismantled, so that the auxiliary heating effect cannot be realized after the reactor is stopped.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an auxiliary heating system which is simple in system structure and convenient to start and meets the requirement of liquid metal cooling natural circulation pool type reactors.
The invention realizes the function of auxiliary heating of the liquid metal coolant in the reactor outside the main vessel of the liquid metal reactor, and can effectively improve the reliability and safety of the reactor without adding or starting the components in the reactor during operation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an auxiliary heating system for a liquid metal cooling natural circulation reactor comprises a nitrogen storage tank, a filter, a gas heater, a hot nitrogen input pipe, a safety container, a main container, an air extractor, and a pipeline and a valve which are connected among the equipment; the nitrogen storage tank is connected with the filter, then connected with the gas heater and finally connected with the hot nitrogen input pipe; a mounting hole of a hot nitrogen input pipe is arranged on the stack top cover, and an outlet of the hot nitrogen input pipe is positioned at the bottom of an annular cavity formed by the main container and the safety container; mounting holes of four air extractors are uniformly arranged on the pile top cover, and nitrogen in the ring cavity after heat exchange is extracted, wherein the air extractors are main power of nitrogen circulation to complete closed circulation of the nitrogen; wherein,
when the reactor power is reduced to a value which is not enough to maintain the temperature of the liquid metal above the melting point, an outlet valve of a nitrogen storage tank is opened, a system is started, nitrogen flows into a filter from the storage tank, the nitrogen is heated by a gas heater after being filtered, and the heated nitrogen enters a hot nitrogen input pipe under the action of an air extractor; the hot nitrogen flows out from the outlet of the input pipe, heats the main container and the safety container from bottom to top in the annular chamber, and is finally pumped out by four air pumps which are uniformly arranged and installed on the pile top cover in parallel connection, thereby completing the process of one-time nitrogen closed circulation.
The system is arranged outside the reactor main container, so that the increase of the structural complexity in the reactor caused by directly arranging the system in the container is avoided.
The hot nitrogen input pipe is positioned in an annular cavity formed by the main container and the safety container, the mounting hole of the hot nitrogen input pipe is arranged on the stack top cover, and the outlet of the hot nitrogen input pipe is positioned at the bottom of the annular cavity formed by the main container and the safety container.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
an auxiliary heating system for liquid metal cooling natural circulation reactor comprises a nitrogen storage tank, a filter, a gas heater, a hot nitrogen input pipe, a main container, a safety container, an air pump, and a pipeline and a valve which are connected among the equipment. The system is a closed circulation structure, a hot nitrogen input pipe is inserted into an annular chamber between the main container and the safety container from the top cover of the pile, and mounting ports of 4 air extractors are uniformly arranged on the top cover of the pile.
The hot nitrogen input pipe leads heated nitrogen into the bottom of a cavity formed by the main container and the safety container, the hot nitrogen flows from bottom to top, the main container is heated through convection heat transfer, and finally the cavity is pumped out by the air pump and enters the filter through a related pipeline to finish a circulation process. The system is arranged outside the main container, and in-pile equipment does not need to be started during operation, so that the safety and the reliability of the system can be effectively improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the hot nitrogen input pipe is arranged in an annular chamber formed by the main container and the safety container, and the reactor internals do not need to be added, so that the system is simple in structure, the reactor internals do not need to be started during operation, and the reliability and the safety of the system can be effectively improved.
2. When the requirement that the integral temperature in the reactor is higher than the melting point of the liquid metal is met, the system enables the liquid metal close to the bottom of the main container in the reactor to absorb large heat, the heat absorbed by the liquid metal close to the main container is gradually reduced upwards along the bottom of the main container, density difference is generated between an upper coolant and a lower coolant in the main container, the liquid metal coolant forms a micro natural circulation flowing form in the main container, the uniform temperature distribution of the liquid metal in the container is facilitated, and the solidification of the liquid metal coolant in the container due to the excessively low local temperature is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the arrangement of hot nitrogen gas inlet pipes and mounting holes of the gas ejector on the stack top cover.
In the figure, 1 is a nitrogen storage tank, 2 is a filter, 3 is a gas heater, 4 is a hot nitrogen gas input pipe, 5 is a safety container, 6 is a main container, and 7 is an air extractor.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings:
the system comprises a nitrogen storage tank 1, a filter 2, a gas heater 3, a hot nitrogen input pipe 4, a safety container 5, a main container 6, an air pump 7, and pipelines and valves connected among the devices. The nitrogen storage tank 1 is connected to a filter 2, and then connected to a gas heater 3, and finally connected to a hot nitrogen input pipe 4. A hot nitrogen gas inlet pipe 4 is provided at the top of the stack with its outlet at the bottom of the annular space formed by the main tank 6 and the safety tank 5. The mounting holes of the four air extractors 7 are uniformly arranged on the pile top cover, and nitrogen subjected to heat exchange in the ring cavity is extracted to finish the nitrogen closed circulation process.
When the reactor power drops to a level insufficient to maintain the liquid metal temperature above the melting point, the outlet valve of the nitrogen storage tank 1 is opened and the system is started. Nitrogen flows into the filter 2 from the storage tank 1, is heated by the gas heater 3 after being filtered, and enters the hot nitrogen input pipe under the action of the air extractor 7; hot nitrogen flows out from an outlet of the input pipe, heats the main container and the safety container from bottom to top in the annular chamber, and is finally pumped out by four air pumps 7 which are uniformly arranged and arranged on the pile top cover in parallel connection, thereby completing the process of one-time nitrogen closed circulation.
The filter 2 in the system can remove dust, impurities and the like in the fan so as to prevent dirt from polluting system pipes and equipment. The gas heater 3 is the primary heat source for heating the nitrogen gas. The air pump 7 is the main power of nitrogen circulation of the system, and the four air pumps are uniformly arranged, so that a symmetrical nitrogen flow field can be formed in the annular cavity when the four air pumps are operated in parallel, and the heat transfer effect can be enhanced.
Compared with the prior art, the system has simple structure and convenient installation; the equipment is uniformly arranged outside the main container, and the equipment in the reactor does not need to be started during operation, so that the safety and reliability of the system can be effectively improved; the system can enable the liquid metal in the main container to form a micro natural circulation flowing form and is suitable for an auxiliary heating system of a liquid metal cooling natural circulation reactor; the system adopts nitrogen closed circulation, can prevent the radioactive substance from dissipating, and can reduce the operating cost of the system.
Parts of the invention not described in detail are well known in the art.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
Claims (1)
1. An auxiliary heating system for a liquid metal cooling natural circulation reactor is characterized by comprising a nitrogen storage tank (1), a filter (2), a gas heater (3), a hot nitrogen input pipe (4), a safety container (5), a main container (6), an air pump (7) and pipelines and valves connected among equipment; the nitrogen storage tank (1) is connected with the filter (2), then is connected with the gas heater (3), and is finally connected with the hot nitrogen input pipe (4); a mounting hole of a hot nitrogen input pipe (4) is arranged on the top cover of the pile, and an outlet of the pipe is positioned at the bottom of an annular cavity formed by the main container (6) and the safety container (5); mounting holes of four air extractors (7) are uniformly arranged on the pile top cover, nitrogen in the ring cavity after heat exchange is extracted, and the air extractors (7) are the main power of nitrogen circulation to complete the closed circulation of the nitrogen;
when the reactor power is reduced to a value which is not enough to maintain the temperature of the liquid metal above the melting point, an outlet valve of the nitrogen storage tank (1) is opened, the system is started, nitrogen flows into the filter (2) from the nitrogen storage tank (1), the nitrogen is heated by the gas heater (3) after being filtered, and the heated nitrogen enters the hot nitrogen input pipe under the action of the air extractor (7); hot nitrogen flows out from an outlet of the hot nitrogen input pipe, heats the main container and the safety container from bottom to top in the annular chamber, and is finally pumped out by four air pumps (7) which are uniformly arranged on the pile top cover and connected in parallel, so that the process of one-time nitrogen closed circulation is completed;
the system is arranged outside the reactor main container (6), so that the increase of the structural complexity in the reactor caused by directly arranging the system in the main container is avoided;
the hot nitrogen input pipe (4) is positioned in an annular cavity formed by the main container and the safety container;
the system is arranged outside the main container, and in-pile equipment does not need to be started during operation, so that the safety and reliability of the system can be effectively improved;
this an auxiliary heating system for liquid metal cooling natural circulation reactor is satisfying when whole temperature is higher than liquid metal melting point in the heap, the system makes the liquid metal that is close to the main container bottom in the heap absorb great heat, upwards along the bottom of main container, the heat that near main container near liquid metal absorbs reduces gradually, arouse about the coolant production density difference in the main container, make the liquid metal coolant form little natural circulation's mobile form in the main container, the temperature distribution that is favorable to liquid metal in the main container is even, the liquid metal coolant in having avoided the main container is because of local temperature hangs down and solidifies.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210591655.1A CN103021483B (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2012-12-31 | A kind of auxiliary heating system for liquid metal cooling natural circulation reactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210591655.1A CN103021483B (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2012-12-31 | A kind of auxiliary heating system for liquid metal cooling natural circulation reactor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103021483A CN103021483A (en) | 2013-04-03 |
| CN103021483B true CN103021483B (en) | 2015-08-19 |
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| CN201210591655.1A Expired - Fee Related CN103021483B (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2012-12-31 | A kind of auxiliary heating system for liquid metal cooling natural circulation reactor |
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| CN103730171B (en) * | 2014-01-12 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of liquid heavy metal cooling natural circulation bath-type reactor auxiliary heating system |
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| CN104409115B (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-11-30 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of auxiliary for pool liquid heavy metal cooled reactor heats and Residual heat removal hybrid device |
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| CN106409353B (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-09-07 | 南华大学 | It is a kind of based on gaslift liquid metal cooling the multi-functional heap of pool reactor in hot separating system |
| CN106847348B (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2018-11-13 | 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 | A kind of ADS containment systems |
| CN106847350B (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-12-12 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of liquid-metal cooled reactor integrated test set |
| RU2691755C2 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2019-06-18 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Method of natural circulation of a liquid metal coolant of a fast neutron reactor |
| CN110136851B (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2023-02-21 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Heater for nuclear reactor and nuclear reactor |
| CN110068138B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-05-15 | 西安交通大学 | Direct high-power heating system and method for liquid sodium metal |
| CN111951987B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-07-29 | 东南大学 | Small modular reactor coolant system and experimental method applying same |
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| US5223210A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-06-29 | General Electric Company | Passive cooling system for liquid metal cooled nuclear reactors with backup coolant flow path |
| CN201126712Y (en) * | 2007-09-30 | 2008-10-01 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Gas heating system for natrium cold rapid reactor container |
| CN102782768A (en) * | 2010-04-21 | 2012-11-14 | 株式会社东芝 | Liquid metal cooled reactor and heat removal method for same |
-
2012
- 2012-12-31 CN CN201210591655.1A patent/CN103021483B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5223210A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1993-06-29 | General Electric Company | Passive cooling system for liquid metal cooled nuclear reactors with backup coolant flow path |
| CN201126712Y (en) * | 2007-09-30 | 2008-10-01 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Gas heating system for natrium cold rapid reactor container |
| CN102782768A (en) * | 2010-04-21 | 2012-11-14 | 株式会社东芝 | Liquid metal cooled reactor and heat removal method for same |
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