CN103018085A - Method and device for preparing silty soil triaxial-test test sample - Google Patents
Method and device for preparing silty soil triaxial-test test sample Download PDFInfo
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- CN103018085A CN103018085A CN2012105301256A CN201210530125A CN103018085A CN 103018085 A CN103018085 A CN 103018085A CN 2012105301256 A CN2012105301256 A CN 2012105301256A CN 201210530125 A CN201210530125 A CN 201210530125A CN 103018085 A CN103018085 A CN 103018085A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for preparing a silty soil triaxial-test test sample. The method comprises the following steps: adding distilled water into silty soil and stirring to enable soil samples to be in a flow plastic state, namely slurry; precipitating the slurry in a split round die under the action of self weight; applying dead loads to the upper part of the test sample, removing the dead loads at the upper part of the test sample and enabling the test sample to be further solidified by adopting a vacuum negative pressure of minus 40 kPa, wherein in the process of applying the dead loads, to guarantee that the slurry does not overflow, the loads are slowly and gradually loaded and a next-stage load is applied after the soil samples complete solidification and drainage under a current load; and finally, removing the negative pressure and the split round die and completing preparation of the test sample, so that triaxial test equipment can be assembled to carry out static triaxial or dynamic triaxial test. The method and the device are simple to operate; the technical method is easy to master; equipment required for preparing the test sample is very simple; required test sample preparation cost is low; uniformity inside the soil samples is very good; reproduction degree between the soil samples is high; a microstructure of a soil layer in the nature can be reproduced to a higher degree; the soil samples do not need to be cut; disturbance is reduced; and the test result has high credibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the slurrying method of the used sample of a kind of triaxial test (quiet three axles and moving three axles), mainly be applicable to silt.
Background technology
Silt distributes wide in China, wherein take loess as the typical case, the loess area accounts for 6.3% of area.In order to study the mechanics of silt, triaxial test is a kind of common technological means.Usually can adopt the densification method to prepare sand disturbance sample, and clay sample has benefited from its viscosity, adopt undisturbed soil to be easy to realize.As a kind of soil between sand and the clay, if prepare sample according to the method for sand or clay simply, the micromechanism that makes sample is different from on-the-spot actual conditions significantly, cause test findings to be different from largely on-site actual situations.Silt has certain viscosity, but cohesive force is not high, is not enough to resist the destruction in the non-disturbed sample preparation process, has caused like this difficulty of silt sample preparation, has hindered the research of silt.In order to carry out better the research of silt mechanical characteristic, prepare reliable sample and seem very important.
Summary of the invention
First technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind ofly can reappear soil microstructure, the mechanical behavior of soil is more near truth, and soil sample reproduction degree is high, reduces as much as possible otherness between the sample to the preparation method of the silt triaxial test sample of the impact of test findings.
Second technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of device of realizing the preparation method of this silt triaxial test sample.
In order to solve above-mentioned first technical matters, the preparation method of silt triaxial test sample provided by the invention: in silt, add enough water, making water cut is 1.5 times of liquid limit, then adopts transit mixer stirring at low speed soil sample, makes soil sample become stream to mould the mud of state; Mud poured into to be placed on split on the triaxial apparatus base in the round mould (two synthetic), splitting round mould inner sleeve has rubber membrane, permeable stone and filter paper; Allow mud under Gravitative Loads, precipitate, non-volatile in order to guarantee upper water, with plastic sheeting upper water is sealed; Add dead carrying on mud top, do not overflow in order to guarantee mud, slowly progressively load, after finishing consolidation draining under the current load, add again the next stage load until mud; Until mud top extremely carry finish under the effect be consolidated into sample after, remove dead carrying, remove sample upper strata distilled water, with rubber membrane and rubber ring sealing sample; Because sidewall friction, consolidation pressure is inhomogeneous from top to bottom, in order to improve the homogeneity of sample, connects negative pressure of vacuum, makes sample further fixed under negative pressure; Treat that sample finishes fixedly under negative pressure, remove negative pressure and get final product.
The low speed of described transit mixer is 55 rev/mins～65 rev/mins.
The value of described negative pressure of vacuum is greater than the dead stress that causes that carries, less than the required consolidation pressure of triaxial test.
In order to solve second technical matters, the preparation method's of realization silt triaxial test sample provided by the invention device, split round mould upper end to being connected to pvc pipe, describedly split round mould and described pvc pipe is set with rubber membrane, the described round mould lower end of splitting is provided with base and the first rubber band, described pvc pipe is provided with cap and the second rubber band, described base top is provided with the first porous disc and the first filter paper successively, the below of described upper cap is provided with the second porous disc and the second filter paper successively, described lower end of splitting round mould is arranged on the lower end of pressure chamber's inner support, inner support upper end, described pressure chamber is provided with press rods, dock with described upper cap the lower end of described press rods, described press rods upper end is provided with dead carrying, described pressure chamber inner support is provided with the axial displacement table that acts on described press rods, described base is provided with the base water valve, described upper cap is provided with the cap water valve, negative pressure of vacuum device and described base water valve be connected upper cap water valve and be connected by water pipe, also comprise a proboscis funnel.
Described negative pressure of vacuum device is provided with water storage chamber and hothouse, described water storage chamber by the first air valve be connected air valve and be connected with described water pipe respectively, described hothouse is connected with vacuum source by upper air valve.
Adopt preparation method and the device thereof of the silt triaxial test sample of technique scheme, simple to operate, technological means is easy to grasp; Preparation sample equipment needed thereby is fairly simple, and required sample preparation cost is low; Adopt this scheme, the inner homogeneity of soil sample is relatively good, and soil sample experimental result reproductions degree under condition of the same race is high, and micromechanism that can higher degree ground reproduction nature soil layer does not need to cut soil sample, reduces disturbance, and test findings is with a high credibility.Therefore, patent of the present invention is a kind of effectively reliably preparation method and device thereof of silt triaxial test sample.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 pours mud into the schematic diagram of splitting in the round mould by funnel.
Fig. 2 is mud fixed schematic diagram under dead carrying.
Fig. 3 is mud fixed schematic diagram under negative pressure of vacuum.
Among the accompanying drawing 1-3: 1-base, the 2-the first porous disc, the 3-the first filter paper, 4-rubber membrane, the 5-the first rubber ring, 6-split round mould, 7-pvc pipe, 8-proboscis funnel, 9-base water valve, 10-mud, the 11-the second filter paper, the 12-the second porous disc, 13-upper cap, 14-distilled water, 15-pressure chamber inner support, 16-press rods, 17-axial displacement table, 18-dead carrying, the 19-the second rubber ring, 20-upper cap water valve, 21-water storage chamber, 22-hothouse, 23-upper air valve, the 24-the first air valve, the 25-the second air valve, 26-water pipe.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
The preparation method of the silt triaxial test sample that originally provides adds enough water in silt, making water cut is 1.5 times of liquid limit, then adopts transit mixer stirring at low speed soil sample, makes soil sample become stream to mould state; Mud poured into to be placed on split on the triaxial apparatus base in the round mould (two synthetic), splitting round mould inner sleeve has rubber membrane, permeable stone and filter paper; Allow soil sample under Gravitative Loads, precipitate, non-volatile in order to guarantee upper water, with plastic sheeting upper water is sealed; Add dead carrying on sample top, do not overflow in order to guarantee mud, slowly progressively load, after finishing consolidation draining under the current load, add again the next stage load until soil sample; Until soil sample top extremely carry finish under the effect fixed after, remove dead carrying, remove sample upper strata distilled water, with rubber membrane and rubber ring sealing sample; Because sidewall friction, consolidation pressure is inhomogeneous from top to bottom, in order to improve the homogeneity of sample, connects negative pressure of vacuum (its value is greater than the dead stress that causes that carries, less than the required consolidation pressure of triaxial test), makes sample further fixed under negative pressure; Treat that sample finishes fixedly under negative pressure, can remove negative pressure, assembling triaxial test equipment carries out triaxial test.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the structure of the preparation method's of realization silt triaxial test sample provided by the invention device is: split round mould 6 upper ends to being connected to pvc pipe 7, split round mould 6 and pvc pipe 7 and be set with rubber membrane 4, split round mould 6 lower ends and be provided with base 1 and the first rubber band 5, pvc pipe 7 is provided with cap 13 and the second rubber band 19, base 1 top is provided with the first porous disc 2 and the first filter paper 3 successively, the below of upper cap 13 is provided with the second porous disc 12 and the second filter paper 11 successively, the lower end of splitting round mould 6 is arranged on the lower end of pressure chamber's inner support 15, inner support 15 upper ends in pressure chamber's are provided with press rods 16, dock with upper cap 13 lower end of press rods 16, press rods 16 upper ends are provided with dead year 18, pressure chamber's inner support 15 is provided with the axial displacement table 17 that acts on press rods 16, base 1 is provided with base water valve 9, upper cap 13 is provided with cap water valve 20, base water valve 9 is connected with water pipe 26 respectively with upper cap water valve 20, the negative pressure of vacuum device is provided with water storage chamber 21 and hothouse 22, water storage chamber 21 by the first air valve 24 be connected air valve 25 and be connected with water pipe 26 respectively, hothouse 22 is connected with vacuum source by upper air valve 23, also comprises a proboscis funnel 8.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the present invention is realized by the following step in implementation:
The first step: choose 1000 gram silts, pour in the container of stirring machine, pour distilled water into toward soil sample in, making the soil sample water cut is 1.5 times of liquid limit, adopts spatula stirring soil sample, makes it be in stream and moulds state;
Second step: for fear of moisture evaporation, with the plastic paper sealing mixer container of soil sample is housed, and leaves standstill a night (approximately 10 hours), make soil particle fully absorb water.
The 3rd step: adopt the stirring machine with flat blade (can not produce a lot of bubbles in the whipping process) to stir soil sample 15 minutes, for fear of causing too much bubble, answer low speed (55 rev/mins～65 rev/mins) to stir, soil sample is stirred becomes mud.
The 4th step: in the mud stirring process, be to put in order the first porous disc 2 and the first filter paper 3 (diameter is 71mm) well on the base 1 of 71mm at the triaxial apparatus pressure chamber diameter, packaging internal diameter outside base 1 is the rubber membrane 4 of 71mm, and with the first rubber band 5 rubber membrane 4 is entangled firm on base 1, avoid that the moisture in the mud oozes out from the base periphery in the process of back.
The 5th step: be that the sample preparation of 71mm is split round mould 6 and entangled base 1 with interior diameter, banding is split round mould 6.Rubber membrane 4 trailed in splitting round mould 6 and at its top left-hand thread.In order to guarantee the specimen surface smooth degree, apply negative pressure of vacuum 90kPa (large as far as possible negative pressure) by the suction hole of splitting round mould 6, rubber membrane 4 is close to splits round mould 6 inwalls.
The 6th step: put the high-intensity pvc pipe 7 that the interior diameter that can remove stage makeup and costume is 71.5mm splitting round mould 6 tops, the height of pvc pipe 7 puts and can load mud behind the pvc pipe 7 and be as the criterion to split round mould 6.For fear of from pvc pipe 7 with split round mould 6 interface spillages and leak, put pvc pipe 7 before, coat a little grease at pvc pipe 7 interface inwalls.
The 7th step: treat that mud stirring is even, pouring it into cover by proboscis funnel 8 has in the round mould 6 of splitting of pvc pipe 7, (highly be the sample of 142mm in order to prepare until the precalculated position, need to be by repeatedly attempting obtaining this position, carry out mark), with plastic paper or preservative film capping pvc pipe 7, avoid moisture evaporation in the mud 10.
The 8th step: (this time obtains by continuous trial to treat to precipitate 3 hours by mud 10 under Gravitative Loads, aim is the slurry that overflows when preventing from placing cap 13), then lightly the second filter paper 11, the second porous disc 12 and upper cap 13 are placed on mud 10 tops together lightly, and put a certain amount of distilled water 14 at upper cap 13 and prevent mud 10 moisture evaporations.Allow mud 10 draining 2 hours under the second porous disc 12 and upper cap 13 pressure.
The 9th step: triaxial apparatus pressure chamber inner support 15 is installed, press rods 16 is passed on the upper cap 13 that pressure chamber's top rail is placed on mud top, install axial displacement table 17 in press rods 16, the vertical deformation of record mud allows mud (comprise axial displacement meter weight) under press rods 16 weight and finishes fixed (judging fixed whether finishing according to vertical deformation-log time curve).
The tenth step: progressively increase dead year 18 on press rods 16 tops, until mud 10 finish for current dead year 18 times be consolidated into sample after (judging fixed whether finishing according to vertical deformation-log time curve), add the next stage load, finally all vertical loads make the vertical fixed compressive stress in sample top approximately reach 30kPa again.
The 11 step: because the friction between mud 10 and the rubber membrane 4, vertical consolidation pressure can reduce from top to bottom, and the consolidation pressure inequality can cause sample density uneven.For uniform consolidation pressure is provided, removed vertical dead year 18, with the further fixed sample of negative pressure of vacuum-40kPa.Embodiment is as follows: progressively removed dead year 18, and avoided following sample is produced larger disturbance, removal pressure arm 15, press rods 16 and axial displacement meter 17; Absorb upper cap top layer distilled water 14 with needle tubing, then remove cap 13, the second porous disc 12 and the second filter paper 11; Wash down upper cap 13 and the second porous disc 12 with distilled water, then new the second filter paper 11 that soaked into and the second porous disc 12 and the upper cap 13 that washes down are placed on the sample, put rubber membrane 4 and the second rubber band 19 with the sealing sample at upper cap 13; By water pipe 26 base water valve 9 and upper cap 13 are connected the negative pressure of vacuum device, the negative pressure of vacuum device comprises water storage chamber 21 and hothouse 22, the first air valve 24 and the second air valve 25 are arranged under the water storage chamber, and negative pressure of vacuum enters the negative pressure of vacuum device by the upper air valve 23 on the hothouse 22.Slowly add negative pressure to-40kPa, make sample simultaneously by sample upper and lower end discharging consolidation, the fixed vertical deformation of record sample is judged fixed whether finishing according to vertical deformation-log time curve.
The 12 step: allow sample under negative pressure of vacuum, finish fixed after, slowly reduce negative pressure to zero, then remove drainpipe and split round mould 6, at this moment sample prepares completely, the equipment such as assembling pressurization can carry out quiet three axles or moving triaxial test.
Adopt the standby sample of above mud sediment legal system, consuming timely from the beginning to the end be about 2 days.Patent Introduction of the present invention prepares diameter and is 71mm, highly is the sample of 142mm, and suitably conversion unit prepares other big or small samples, and the sample preparation principle is identical with step.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a silt triaxial test sample is characterized in that: add enough water in silt, making water cut is 1.5 times of liquid limit, then adopts transit mixer stirring at low speed soil sample, makes soil sample become stream to mould the mud of state; Mud poured into to be placed on the triaxial apparatus base split in the round mould, splitting round mould inner sleeve has rubber membrane, permeable stone and filter paper; Allow mud under Gravitative Loads, precipitate, with plastic sheeting upper water is sealed; Add dead carrying on mud top, do not overflow in order to guarantee mud, slowly progressively load, after finishing consolidation draining under the current load, add again the next stage load until mud; Until mud top extremely carry finish under the effect be consolidated into sample after, remove dead carrying, remove sample upper strata distilled water, with rubber membrane and rubber ring sealing sample; Connect negative pressure of vacuum, make sample further fixed under negative pressure; Treat that sample finishes fixedly under negative pressure, remove negative pressure and get final product.
2. the preparation method of silt triaxial test sample according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the low speed of described transit mixer is 55 rev/mins～65 rev/mins.
3. the preparation method of silt triaxial test sample according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the value of described negative pressure of vacuum is greater than the dead stress that causes that carries, less than the required consolidation pressure of triaxial test.
4. realize the preparation method's of silt triaxial test sample claimed in claim 1 device, it is characterized in that: split round mould (6) upper end to being connected to pvc pipe (7), describedly split round mould (6) and described pvc pipe (7) is set with rubber membrane (4), described round mould (6) lower end of splitting is provided with base (1) and the first rubber band (5), described pvc pipe (7) is provided with cap (13) and the second rubber band (19), described base (1) top is provided with the first porous disc (2) and the first filter paper (3) successively, the below of described upper cap (13) is provided with the second porous disc (12) and the second filter paper (11) successively, described lower end of splitting round mould (6) is arranged on the lower end of pressure chamber's inner support (15), described pressure chamber inner support (15) upper end is provided with press rods (16), dock with described upper cap (13) lower end of described press rods (16), described press rods (16) upper end is provided with dead carry (18), described pressure chamber inner support (15) is provided with the axial displacement table (17) that acts on described press rods (16), described base (1) is provided with base water valve (9), described upper cap (13) is provided with cap water valve (20), negative pressure of vacuum device and described base water valve (9) be connected upper cap water valve (20) and be connected by water pipe (26), also comprise a proboscis funnel (8).
5. the preparation method's of realization silt triaxial test sample according to claim 1 device, it is characterized in that: described negative pressure of vacuum device is provided with water storage chamber (21) and hothouse (22), described water storage chamber (21) is by the first air valve (24) and be connected air valve (25) and be connected with described water pipe (26) respectively, and described hothouse (22) passes through upper air valve (23) and is connected with vacuum source.
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Application publication date: 20130403 |