CN104568599B - Vacuum negative pressure/positive pressure/heat combined loading consolidation apparatus - Google Patents
Vacuum negative pressure/positive pressure/heat combined loading consolidation apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种真空负压、正压及热联合加载固结仪。操作平台架顶部装有滑轮，钢丝绳跨过滑轮，其一端与上砝码托盘连接，传力杆固接在外框上板上，砝码连接杆安装在外框下板中心，并与下砝码托盘连接，钢丝绳的另一端与传力杆的一端连接，传力杆的一端与活塞的一端相接触；活塞与压力室圆筒构成滑动副，活塞底部的压力室圆筒内依次装有透水石、土试祥和透水石，下透水石与压力室底座间设有孔隙水压力测量孔和GDS孔，加热系统圆筒与压力室圆筒之间设置筒状电加热板，真空泵经连接管与活塞轴向的抽真空孔连接。本发明压力室温度控制在20~90℃；可提供0~‑80kPa的真空荷载；能测定固结产生的变形量和孔隙水压力。
The invention discloses a vacuum negative pressure, positive pressure and heat combined loading consolidation instrument. There is a pulley on the top of the operating platform frame, the wire rope spans the pulley, one end of which is connected to the upper weight tray, the dowel rod is fixed on the upper plate of the outer frame, and the weight connecting rod is installed in the center of the lower plate of the outer frame, and connected to the lower weight tray. Connection, the other end of the wire rope is connected to one end of the dowel rod, and one end of the dowel rod is in contact with one end of the piston; the piston and the pressure chamber cylinder form a sliding pair, and the pressure chamber cylinder at the bottom of the piston is sequentially equipped with water-permeable stones, Soil test Xianghe permeable stone, pore water pressure measurement hole and GDS hole are set between the lower permeable stone and the base of the pressure chamber, a cylindrical electric heating plate is set between the heating system cylinder and the pressure chamber cylinder, the vacuum pump is connected to the piston shaft through the connecting pipe Connected to the vacuum hole. The temperature of the pressure chamber of the present invention is controlled at 20-90°C; a vacuum load of 0-80kPa can be provided; and the deformation amount and pore water pressure generated by consolidation can be measured.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及固结仪，具体涉及用于岩土工程中饱和土圆柱形试样的一种真空负压、正压及热联合加载固结仪。The invention relates to a consolidation instrument, in particular to a vacuum negative pressure, positive pressure and heat combined loading consolidation instrument for saturated soil cylindrical samples in geotechnical engineering.
技术背景technical background
我国京津环渤海、长三角、珠三角等软弱土地区承载着50%人口、65%GDP和90%进出口总值，土地资源非常紧缺。采用真空预压方法处理吹填淤泥等超软土扩大土地面积，是目前很多沿海城市常用的方法。然而，吹填淤泥渗透系数小，导致处理工期较长，Abuel-Naga等人(2006)首次提出了热真空预压方法，发现与传统真空法相比固结时间缩短了2/3，最终沉降提高了25~30%，效果非常显著。my country's Beijing-Tianjin-Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other weak soil areas carry 50% of the population, 65% of GDP and 90% of the total import and export value, and land resources are very scarce. It is a common method in many coastal cities to deal with ultra-soft soil such as dredging and filling silt to expand the land area by vacuum preloading method. However, the low permeability coefficient of dredged fill silt leads to a long treatment period. Abuel-Naga et al. (2006) proposed the thermal vacuum preloading method for the first time, and found that compared with the traditional vacuum method, the consolidation time was shortened by 2/3, and the final settlement was improved. 25~30%, the effect is very significant.
然而，目前在对饱和土圆柱形试样进行温度控制的固结试验中，仅实现了正压荷载与温度两者耦合的加载，还未有真空负压、温度和正压荷载耦合作用下的固结装置，故不能分析在高温、常温以及真空荷载耦合条件下土样的固结特性。随着各种极端条件下施工的需要，在温度荷载作用下饱和土热固结特性的研究成为一个必要课题。However, at present, in the temperature-controlled consolidation test of saturated soil cylindrical samples, only the coupling of positive pressure load and temperature has been realized, and there is no coupling of vacuum negative pressure, temperature and positive pressure load. Therefore, the consolidation characteristics of soil samples under the coupled conditions of high temperature, normal temperature and vacuum load cannot be analyzed. With the need of construction under various extreme conditions, the research on thermal consolidation characteristics of saturated soil under temperature load has become a necessary subject.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对常规固结实验不能进行真空荷载和温度荷载耦合作用下固结实验的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种真空负压、正压及热联合加载固结仪。它最大特点是能够提供真空荷载和变化温度荷载，也能提供外部正压荷载。它能满足饱和土在不同真空水平、温度荷载和外部正压荷载作用下热固结实验。Aiming at the defect that the conventional consolidation experiment cannot carry out the consolidation experiment under the coupled action of vacuum load and temperature load, the object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum negative pressure, positive pressure and heat combined loading consolidation instrument. Its biggest feature is that it can provide vacuum loads and variable temperature loads, as well as external positive pressure loads. It can meet the thermal consolidation experiments of saturated soil under different vacuum levels, temperature loads and external positive pressure loads.
本发明采用的技术方案是：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
本发明在操作平台架顶部装有滑轮，钢丝绳跨过滑轮，在操作平台架内，钢丝绳的一端与装有上砝码的上砝码托盘连接，外框上板和外框下板通过连接杆连接，传力杆固接在外框上板上，砝码连接杆的一端安装外框下板中心，砝码连接杆的另一端与装有下砝码的下砝码托盘连接，钢丝绳的另一端与传力杆的一端连接，传力杆的一端与活塞的一端相接触；活塞与压力室圆筒构成滑动副，活塞底部的压力室圆筒内依次装有第一透水石、土试祥和第二透水石，第二透水石与压力室底座间设有孔隙水压力测量孔和GDS孔，压力室外设置加热系统圆筒，加热系统圆筒与压力室圆筒之间设置筒状电加热板，电加热板和电热偶连接至温度控制器，真空泵经连接管与活塞轴向的抽真空孔连接。In the present invention, a pulley is installed on the top of the operating platform frame, and the steel wire rope spans the pulley. In the operating platform frame, one end of the steel wire rope is connected to the upper weight tray equipped with the upper weight, and the upper plate of the outer frame and the lower plate of the outer frame pass through the connecting rod. Connection, the dowel rod is fixed on the upper plate of the outer frame, one end of the weight connecting rod is installed in the center of the lower plate of the outer frame, the other end of the weight connecting rod is connected with the lower weight tray equipped with the lower weight, and the other end of the wire rope It is connected with one end of the dowel rod, and one end of the dowel rod is in contact with one end of the piston; the piston and the pressure chamber cylinder form a sliding pair, and the pressure chamber cylinder at the bottom of the piston is sequentially equipped with the first permeable stone, the soil test and the second Two permeable stones, pore water pressure measurement holes and GDS holes are set between the second permeable stone and the base of the pressure chamber, a heating system cylinder is installed outside the pressure chamber, and a cylindrical electric heating plate is installed between the heating system cylinder and the pressure chamber cylinder. The electric heating plate and the thermocouple are connected to the temperature controller, and the vacuum pump is connected to the axial vacuum hole of the piston through a connecting pipe.
所述连接管是透明硬质塑料管，并标有刻度，管内有用于测量土样的固结排水量的水。The connecting pipe is a transparent hard plastic pipe marked with a scale, and there is water for measuring the consolidation drainage of the soil sample in the pipe.
所述活塞与压力室圆筒间设有多个活塞橡胶圈。A plurality of piston rubber rings are arranged between the piston and the cylinder of the pressure chamber.
所述压力室圆筒底面与压力室底座连接处设有橡胶圈。A rubber ring is provided at the connection between the cylinder bottom surface of the pressure chamber and the base of the pressure chamber.
所述传力杆端部为圆弧凸起形状，活塞端部为圆弧凹陷形状。The end of the dowel rod is in a convex shape of an arc, and the end of the piston is in a concave shape of an arc.
本发明具有的有益效果是：The beneficial effects that the present invention has are:
(1)压力室温度可控制在20~90℃范围内变化； (1) The temperature of the pressure chamber can be controlled within the range of 20~90°C;
(2)可提供0~-80kPa范围的真空荷载；(2) It can provide vacuum load in the range of 0~-80kPa;
(3)能提供精确的、不偏心的正压加载，荷载范围为0~100kg；(3) It can provide accurate and non-eccentric positive pressure loading, and the load range is 0~100kg;
(4)能够精确测定热固结期间产生的变形量和孔隙水压力变化。(4) It is possible to accurately measure the amount of deformation and the change of pore water pressure generated during thermal consolidation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实验装置整体示意图。Figure 1 is the overall schematic diagram of the experimental device.
图2为实验压力室放大示意图。Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the experimental pressure chamber.
图中：1、滑轮，2、钢丝绳，3、上砝码，4、上砝码托盘，5、传力杆，6、外框上板， 7、电加热板， 8、连接杆， 9、外框下板， 10、砝码连接杆， 11、下砝码， 12、下砝码托盘， 13、操作平台架， 14、抽真空孔， 15、活塞橡胶圈， 16、压力室圆筒， 17、橡胶圈， 18、孔隙水压力测量孔， 19、活塞， 20、压力室顶盖， 21、螺栓， 22、GDS孔， 23、压力室底座， 24、电热偶，25、盖板， 26、加热系统圆筒， 27、透水石， 28、真空泵， 29、连接管，。In the figure: 1. Pulley, 2. Steel wire rope, 3. Upper weight, 4. Upper weight tray, 5. Dowel bar, 6. Upper plate of outer frame, 7. Electric heating plate, 8. Connecting rod, 9. Outer frame lower plate, 10. Weight connecting rod, 11. Lower weight, 12. Lower weight tray, 13. Operating platform frame, 14. Vacuum hole, 15. Piston rubber ring, 16. Pressure chamber cylinder, 17. Rubber ring, 18. Pore water pressure measuring hole, 19. Piston, 20. Pressure chamber top cover, 21. Bolt, 22. GDS hole, 23. Pressure chamber base, 24. Thermocouple, 25. Cover plate, 26 . Heating system cylinder, 27. Permeable stone, 28. Vacuum pump, 29. Connecting pipe.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
如图1、图2所示，本发明在操作平台架13顶部装有滑轮1，钢丝绳2跨过滑轮1，在操作平台架13内，钢丝绳2的一端与装有上砝码3的上砝码托盘4连接，外框上板6和外框下板9通过连接杆8连接，传力杆5固接在外框上板6上，砝码连接杆10的一端安装外框下板9中心，砝码连接杆10的另一端与装有下砝码11的下砝码托盘12连接，钢丝绳2的另一端与传力杆5的一端连接，传力杆5的一端与活塞19的一端相接触；活塞19与压力室圆筒16构成滑动副，活塞19底部的压力室圆筒16内依次装有第一透水石、土试祥和第二透水石，第二透水石与压力室底座23间设有孔隙水压力测量孔18和GDS孔22，压力室外设置加热系统圆筒26，加热系统圆筒26与压力室圆筒16之间设置筒状电加热板7，电加热板7和电热偶24连接至温度控制器，真空泵28经连接管29与活塞19轴向的抽真空孔14连接。As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the present invention is equipped with a pulley 1 at the top of the operating platform frame 13, and the steel wire rope 2 straddles the pulley 1. The code tray 4 is connected, the outer frame upper plate 6 and the outer frame lower plate 9 are connected through the connecting rod 8, the dowel bar 5 is fixedly connected to the outer frame upper plate 6, and one end of the weight connecting rod 10 is installed in the center of the outer frame lower plate 9, The other end of the weight connecting rod 10 is connected with the lower weight tray 12 equipped with the lower weight 11, the other end of the steel wire rope 2 is connected with one end of the dowel rod 5, and one end of the dowel rod 5 is in contact with one end of the piston 19 ; Piston 19 and pressure chamber cylinder 16 constitute sliding pairs, and the pressure chamber cylinder 16 of piston 19 bottoms is equipped with the first water-permeable stone, soil test and second water-permeable stone successively, and the second water-permeable stone and pressure chamber base 23 are provided with There are pore water pressure measurement holes 18 and GDS holes 22, a heating system cylinder 26 is installed outside the pressure chamber, and a cylindrical electric heating plate 7, electric heating plate 7 and thermocouple 24 are installed between the heating system cylinder 26 and the pressure chamber cylinder 16 Connected to the temperature controller, the vacuum pump 28 is connected to the axial vacuum hole 14 of the piston 19 through a connecting pipe 29 .
所述连接管29是透明硬质塑料管，并标有刻度，管内有用于测量土样的固结排水量的水。当抽真空时，能根据连接管29中水位变化测量抽真空量，从而向试样施加真空荷载并实现间接测量试样压缩量。The connecting pipe 29 is a transparent hard plastic pipe with a scale, and there is water for measuring the consolidation displacement of the soil sample in the pipe. When vacuuming, the vacuuming amount can be measured according to the change of the water level in the connecting pipe 29, thereby applying a vacuum load to the sample and realizing the indirect measurement of the compression amount of the sample.
所述活塞19与压力室圆筒16间设有多个活塞橡胶圈15。A plurality of piston rubber rings 15 are arranged between the piston 19 and the pressure chamber cylinder 16 .
所述压力室圆筒16底面与压力室底座23连接处设有橡胶圈17。A rubber ring 17 is provided at the joint between the bottom surface of the pressure chamber cylinder 16 and the pressure chamber base 23 .
所述传力杆5端部为圆弧凸起形状，活塞19端部为圆弧凹陷形状。The end of the dowel rod 5 is in the shape of a convex arc, and the end of the piston 19 is in a concave shape of an arc.
本发明的工作原理：Working principle of the present invention:
在装有试样的压力室上下方垫放透水石27，按上述安装好装置后，先增加下砝码11施加一定的竖向荷载，然后加热并打开真空泵28施加实验要求的温度荷载和真空荷载。在真空荷载、温度荷载和外部荷载联合作用下，饱和土试样固结。固结时饱和土试样变形可以根据连接管29水位变化间接测量，孔隙水压力通过压力室底座23的孔隙水压测量孔18测量。从而实现了饱和土的真空负压、正压及热联合固结实验。Place permeable stones 27 on the top and bottom of the pressure chamber containing the sample. After installing the device as described above, first increase the lower weight 11 to apply a certain vertical load, then heat and turn on the vacuum pump 28 to apply the temperature load and vacuum required by the experiment. load. The saturated soil samples were consolidated under the combined action of vacuum load, temperature load and external load. The deformation of the saturated soil sample during consolidation can be indirectly measured according to the water level change of the connecting pipe 29 , and the pore water pressure is measured through the pore water pressure measuring hole 18 of the pressure chamber base 23 . In this way, the vacuum negative pressure, positive pressure and heat combined consolidation experiments of saturated soil were realized.
上述具体实施方式用来解释说明本发明，而不是对本发明进行限制，在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内，对本发明作出的任何修改和改变，都落入本发明的保护范围。The above specific embodiments are used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. Within the spirit of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, any modification and change made to the present invention will fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN107764645B (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2021-05-07 | 中国矿业大学 | A test device for high-pressure consolidation of large-sized clay |
| CN109270109B (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2021-07-30 | 温州大学 | Experimental Model Device for Thermal Consolidation of Soft Clay |
| CN109959553B (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2023-12-01 | 浙江大学 | Consolidation-penetration-shear wave velocity coupling experimental device |
| CN110736663A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-31 | 同济大学 | Test device for simulating soil sample submerged corrosion under different hydraulic gradients and vertical pressures |
| CN114166645B (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-04-12 | 潍坊学院 | An indoor soil negative pressure consolidation device |
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