CN103017154B - A kind of CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain - Google Patents

A kind of CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103017154B
CN103017154B CN201210530453.6A CN201210530453A CN103017154B CN 103017154 B CN103017154 B CN 103017154B CN 201210530453 A CN201210530453 A CN 201210530453A CN 103017154 B CN103017154 B CN 103017154B
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boiler
cfb
radiant boiler
economizer
radiation
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CN103017154A (en
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曹立勇
张春飞
张媛
刘正宁
郭盼
樊伟
杜奇
张鑫
李阳
刘江
胡红伟
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DONGFANG ELECTRIC Co Ltd
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Dongfang Electric Corp
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Abstract

The present invention is a kind of CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain, comprise CFB boiler, separator and pencil radiant boiler, the top and bottom of CFB boiler side walls are provided with the passage be communicated with separator, the top of separator is communicated with high-temperature flue, and high-temperature flue is communicated with pencil radiant boiler; Pencil radiant boiler comprises radiation heat transfer part, heat convection part and housing, and radiation heat transfer part is positioned in the middle of housing, and heat convection part is between radiation heat transfer part and housing; The present invention utilizes the circulation of coal ash to avoid the burning contamination problems of fluid bed; The present invention adopts CFB boiler furnace to coordinate with pencil radiant boiler, avoids 700 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C intervals to occur heat convection face, significantly reduces the contamination problems that the burning of high basic metal coal occurs; Present invention eliminates the layout of convection heating surface, adopt radiant boiler heating surface form, required superheated steam can obtain in radiant boiler outlet.

Description

A kind of CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain
Technical field
The present invention relates to the thermal evaporation stove of Coal Gasification Technology, particularly a kind of CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain.
Background technology
China's power industry is based on thermal power generation, and thermoelectricity installed capacity is more than more than 70%.The many employings of thermoelectricity steam coal low grade coal inferior, the slagging scorification of boiler furnace water-cooling wall, convection heating surface contamination problems affect one of major issue that station boiler normally runs for a long time.Slagging scorification and contamination can reduce the heat transfer efficiency of boiler, affect boiler output, and the safety in operation of equipment is seriously reduced, and may cause the major accident such as boiler flameout, booster, unplanned blowing out when slagging scorification is stain serious.
In order to prevent the various problems because slag and fouling brings, Chinese scholars has carried out large quantifier elimination to the mechanism of slag and fouling.Research shows that slag and fouling is complicated physical-chemical reaction process, relevant with the many factors such as coal self-characteristic, boiler design, operation conditions, proposes multiple slag and fouling and judges index.But be an extremely complicated process because coal burns in the boiler, these slagging scorification judge that index has significant limitation in actual application, can only judge fundamentally to solve the harm problem of slag and fouling to boiler as preliminary.
For traditional station boiler, when using high alkalinity coal, the alkali metal be rich in due to coal easily deposits on convection heating surface, and therefore serious contamination phenomenon occurs on convection heating surface, cause boiler output not enough, tube wall temperature is too high causes the phenomenons such as booster.Research shows, flue-gas temperature is in 700 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C intervals and belongs to contamination generation critical regions.
Accurate eastern coalfield is the super-huge coalfield in recent years verified in Xinjiang, coal resources prognostic reserves 3,900 hundred million t, alkali metal is rich in its coal, use in process in power plant and occur that high temperature superheater (exceeding), high temperature reheater (height again) stain blockage problem, and other high basic metal coals also there will be in combustion and seriously stain phenomenon.
High alkalinity coal due to the volatilization of alkali metal, easily forms one deck bottoming attachment in boiler heating surface condensation in coal powder boiler combustion process.Bottoming owner will with NaCl or Na 2sO 4form exists, after mentioned component at high temperature volatilizees, easily condense in ash deposition convection heating surface being formed sintering or bonding, along with attachment is to the suction-operated of flying dust, convection heating surface appearance contamination phenomenon in various degree can be made, and soot blower cannot be used to remove, thus cause heating surface heat-transfer capability to decline, cause the problems such as exhaust gas temperature rising, finally make burner hearth exert oneself greatly reduce cause blowing out.
Domestic engineering operation experience is also lacked for burning high alkalinity coal utilization, only Xinjiang region individual power plants is at research high alkalinity burning of coal contamination problems, do not utilize way efficiently at present, the mode of only mixing burning by outer coal alleviates contamination problems, outer coal mixes burning problem indeed through other low alkalinity metal coals of interpolation, reduces alkali-metal relative amount in raw coal.The ratio of Boiler Mixed Burning high alkalinity coal should more than 30%, and when mixed-fuel burning proportion increases, it is serious that convection heating surface stains dust stratification, and form smoke corridor, sweep of gases causes high temperature reheater, high temperature superheater to leak.Because Xinjiang region high alkalinity coal utilization mode mostly is electric power stations near coal-mines, the demand of mixing the external coal of burning mode is comparatively large, and this mode is often subject to the restriction of traffic condition, greatly adds operating cost.Therefore, the contamination problems of high alkalinity coal is problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the contamination problems that traditional boilers of power plants high alkalinity coal produces, a kind of CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain is proposed, greatly alleviate heating surface contamination problems, do not affect the normal output of steam, the extensive pure burning realizing high alkalinity coal utilizes.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain, it is characterized in that: comprise CFB boiler, separator and pencil radiant boiler, the top and bottom of CFB boiler side walls are provided with the passage be communicated with separator, the top of separator is communicated with high-temperature flue, and high-temperature flue is communicated with pencil radiant boiler; Described pencil radiant boiler comprises radiation heat transfer part, heat convection part and housing, radiation heat transfer part is positioned in the middle of housing, heat convection part is between radiation heat transfer part and housing, case top is provided with exhaust gases passes, exhaust gases passes is communicated with high-temperature flue, housing sidewall upper end is provided with exhanst gas outlet, and exhanst gas outlet is higher than heat convection part.
Flange joint is passed through between described separator and pencil radiant boiler.
Described exhaust gases passes is a long narrow passage, and the inwall of this exhaust gases passes is refractory liner.
Described radiation heat transfer part comprises radiation water-cooling wall and radiation shield, and radiation water-cooling wall surrounds cylindric formation by multiple parallel longitudinal standpipe being close to setting, is welded to connect between two adjacent standpipes; Described radiation shield is positioned at cylindric middle cavity, arranged by several standpipes and formed, standpipe row outwards to disperse for the center of circle with the central shaft of swinging pencil radiant boiler and is distributed in radiation heat transfer indoor, and each standpipe row is formed by some standpipes, and two adjacent standpipes of standpipe row are close to setting.
The standpipe upper end of described radiation water-cooling wall is communicated with radiation water-cooling wall upper collecting chamber, and the lower riser end of described radiation water-cooling wall is communicated with radiation water-cooling wall lower header.
Described heat convection part comprises heat convection water-cooling wall and the air preheater arranged successively from top to bottom, one-level economizer and secondary economizer, and air preheater, one-level economizer and secondary economizer are arranged in the annular space between radiation water-cooling wall and heat convection water-cooling wall.
Described heat convection water-cooling wall is several parallel longitudinal standpipe cylindrical walls around formation being close to setting, and two adjacent standpipes are by being welded to connect.
Described air preheater, one-level economizer and secondary economizer are made up of one group of spiral coil respectively, often organize spiral coil and comprise four helical layer endless tubes respectively, have certain distance between every two-layer spiral endless tube, every helical layer endless tube by pipe closely around being formed.
Described air preheater is provided with air preheat outlet and air preheat import, and one-level economizer is provided with one-level economizer exit and the import of one-level economizer, and secondary economizer is provided with secondary economizer exit and the import of secondary economizer; Air preheat outlet, air preheat import, one-level economizer exit, the import of one-level economizer, secondary economizer exit, the import of secondary economizer all extend to outside pressure housing.
The present invention adopts conventional CFB boiler burner hearth, cancels its convection heating surface, replaces arranging a kind of pencil radiant boiler, produces superheated steam, avoids it stains in advance.
After coal dust enters fluidized bed combustion, flue gas and coal ash enter cyclone separator from fluid bed top, and through the centrifugation of cyclone separator, coal ash enters fluid bed from bottom, and the heat carrier as fluid bed recycles.Due to mixing of coal ash, effectively reduce the relative amount of alkali species in fluid bed, avoid the problem that fluidized bed combustion is stain.
Flue gas from separator top out, is arranged horizontal flue short as far as possible according to actual needs, is imported by flue gas in the downlink radiation boiler of pencil, substitutes original convection heating surface and produces superheated steam.When flue gas enters downlink radiation boiler; because radiant boiler sectional area is larger; therefore its downstream rate is extremely slow; flue gas is in laminar condition; its radiation heat transfer can fully carry out; arrange segment protection chuck in radiant boiler import and water conservancy diversion is carried out to flue gas, making flue gas not contact with wall in the process slowly declined or contact less.The layout of radiant boiler height need meet: in (1) radiant boiler heating surface, superheated steam need reach steam turbine import requirement; (2) flue-gas temperature is reduced to less than 700 DEG C, and when can ensure to use high basic metal coal, boiler is heated and does not stain.
Radiant boiler periphery arranges convection current thermoreceptor, comprises economizer, air preheater etc.Flue gas has been down to less than 700 DEG C at radiant section bottom temp, the coagulating sedimentation of overbased material wherein, and flue gas reflexed upwards enters convection section, will greatly reduce the dust stratification degree of convection section economizer and air preheater.
beneficial effect of the present invention and advantage as follows:
(1) the present invention utilizes the circulation of coal ash to avoid the burning contamination problems of fluid bed;
(2) the present invention adopts CFB boiler furnace to coordinate with pencil radiant boiler, avoids 700 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C intervals to occur heat convection face, significantly reduces the contamination problems that the burning of high basic metal coal occurs;
(3) present invention eliminates the layout of convection heating surface, adopt radiant boiler heating surface form, required superheated steam can obtain in radiant boiler outlet.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is cross-sectional schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is A-A cross section schematic diagram of the present invention.
Wherein, Reference numeral is: 1 boiler feeding device, 2CFB boiler furnace, 3 separators, 4 exhaust gases passes, 5 radiation shields, 5-1 radiation shield upper collecting chamber, 5-2 radiation shield lower header, 6 radiation water-cooling walls, 6-1 radiation water-cooling wall upper collecting chamber, 6-2 radiation water-cooling wall lower header, 7 secondary economizers, the import of 7-1 secondary economizer, 7-2 secondary economizer exit, 8 one-level economizers, the import of 8-1 one-level economizer, 8-2 one-level economizer exit, 9 air preheaters, the import of 9-1 air preheater, 9-2 air preheater exports, 10 exhanst gas outlets, 11 heat convection water-cooling walls, 11-1 heat convection water-cooling wall collects, 11-2 heat convection water-cooling wall lower header, 12 spiral coils.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain, comprise CFB boiler, separator and pencil radiant boiler, the top and bottom of CFB boiler side walls are provided with the passage be communicated with separator, the top of separator is communicated with high-temperature flue, and high-temperature flue is communicated with pencil radiant boiler; Described pencil radiant boiler comprises radiation heat transfer part, heat convection part and housing, radiation heat transfer part is positioned in the middle of housing, heat convection part is between radiation heat transfer part and housing, case top is provided with exhaust gases passes, exhaust gases passes is communicated with high-temperature flue, housing sidewall upper end is provided with exhanst gas outlet, and exhanst gas outlet is higher than heat convection part.
Flange joint is passed through between described separator and pencil radiant boiler.
Described exhaust gases passes is a long narrow passage, and the inwall of this exhaust gases passes is refractory liner.
As shown in Figure 2, described radiation heat transfer part comprises radiation water-cooling wall and radiation shield, and radiation water-cooling wall surrounds cylindric formation by multiple parallel longitudinal standpipe being close to setting, is welded to connect between two adjacent standpipes; Described radiation shield is positioned at cylindric middle cavity, arranged by several standpipes and formed, standpipe row outwards to disperse for the center of circle with the central shaft of swinging pencil radiant boiler and is distributed in radiation heat transfer indoor, and each standpipe row is formed by some standpipes, and two adjacent standpipes of standpipe row are close to setting.
The standpipe upper end of described radiation water-cooling wall is communicated with radiation water-cooling wall upper collecting chamber, and the lower riser end of described radiation water-cooling wall is communicated with radiation water-cooling wall lower header.
Described heat convection part comprises heat convection water-cooling wall and the air preheater arranged successively from top to bottom, one-level economizer and secondary economizer, and air preheater, one-level economizer and secondary economizer are arranged in the annular space between radiation water-cooling wall and heat convection water-cooling wall.
Described heat convection water-cooling wall is several parallel longitudinal standpipe cylindrical walls around formation being close to setting, and two adjacent standpipes are by being welded to connect.
Described air preheater, one-level economizer and secondary economizer are made up of one group of spiral coil respectively, often organize spiral coil and comprise four helical layer endless tubes respectively, have certain distance between every two-layer spiral endless tube, every helical layer endless tube by pipe closely around being formed.
Described air preheater is provided with air preheat outlet and air preheat import, and one-level economizer is provided with one-level economizer exit and the import of one-level economizer, and secondary economizer is provided with secondary economizer exit and the import of secondary economizer; Air preheat outlet, air preheat import, one-level economizer exit, the import of one-level economizer, secondary economizer exit, the import of secondary economizer all extend to outside pressure housing.
The course of work of the present invention is:
The hearth portion that the present invention relates to is divided into traditional C FB burning boiler, coal dust burns after entering combustion chamber by charging gear, coal ash and flue gas together enter in separator, and coal ash enters in combustion chamber through being separated Posterior circle, and flue gas enters in pencil radiant boiler through horizontal pipe and carries out heat exchange cooling.
Arrange that pencil radiant boiler replaces the original convection heating surface of CFB burning boiler.This pencil radiant boiler comprises radiation heat transfer and some sections of heat convections, and radiation heat transfer part is in centre, and heat convection part is placed in surrounding.Utilize the special arrangement of radiant boiler radiation heating-surface, alleviate flue gas by time washing away heating surface, and due to flow of flue gas speed less, ash deposition is less likely to occur, the contamination occurred owing to using high alkalinity coal can be alleviated.Bottom radiation heating section, flue-gas temperature is reduced to less than 700 DEG C, now, overbased material in flue gas coagulating sedimentation, flue gas flow direction reflexed upwards, carries out heat convection, through convection sections such as secondary, one-level economizer and air preheaters, flue gas exit temperature is made to reach required standard.
For this invention, the flow path also by heating surface and steam obtains superheated steam needed for steam turbine power generation.Boiler feedwater is entered by one-level economizer import 8-1, economizer adopts counter-flow arrangement to utilize to obtain maximum heat, feedwater exports outflow from 8-2 and enters secondary economizer 7 after heating, feedwater after heating is sent from secondary economizer and is entered furnace wall cooling heating, furnace wall cooling outlet vapor is sent into by the qualified steam that carbonated drink separation obtains and is carried out overheated in radiation shield 5, and superheated steam enters in steam turbine and generates electricity; Single reheat steam is sent into radiation reheater 6 from 6-1 and is carried out reheating and deliver to Steam Turbine Through IP Admission to improve generating efficiency; Air carries out preheating by air preheater 9; The steam that heat convection water-cooling wall 11 produces can be used as desuperheating water and avoids tube wall temperature overtemperature to regulate superheater outlet vapor parameter.

Claims (6)

1. the CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain, it is characterized in that: comprise CFB boiler, separator and pencil radiant boiler, the top and bottom of CFB boiler side walls are provided with the passage be communicated with separator, the top of separator is communicated with high-temperature flue, and high-temperature flue is communicated with pencil radiant boiler; Described pencil radiant boiler comprises radiation heat transfer part, heat convection part and housing, radiation heat transfer part is positioned in the middle of housing, heat convection part is between radiation heat transfer part and housing, case top is provided with exhaust gases passes, exhaust gases passes is communicated with high-temperature flue, housing sidewall upper end is provided with exhanst gas outlet, and exhanst gas outlet is higher than heat convection part;
Described radiation heat transfer part comprises radiation water-cooling wall and radiation shield, and radiation water-cooling wall surrounds cylindric formation by multiple parallel longitudinal standpipe being close to setting, is welded to connect between two adjacent standpipes; Described radiation shield is positioned at cylindric middle cavity, arranged by several standpipes and formed, standpipe row outwards to disperse for the center of circle with the central shaft of swinging pencil radiant boiler and is distributed in radiation heat transfer indoor, and each standpipe row is formed by some standpipes, and two adjacent standpipes of standpipe row are close to setting; The standpipe upper end of described radiation water-cooling wall is communicated with radiation water-cooling wall upper collecting chamber, and the lower riser end of described radiation water-cooling wall is communicated with radiation water-cooling wall lower header;
Described heat convection part comprises heat convection water-cooling wall and the air preheater arranged successively from top to bottom, one-level economizer and secondary economizer, and air preheater, one-level economizer and secondary economizer are arranged in the annular space between radiation water-cooling wall and heat convection water-cooling wall;
Described air preheater, one-level economizer and secondary economizer are made up of one group of spiral coil respectively, often organize spiral coil and comprise four helical layer endless tubes respectively, have certain distance between every two-layer spiral endless tube, every helical layer endless tube by pipe closely around being formed.
2. a kind of CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain according to claim 1, is characterized in that: pass through Flange joint between described separator and pencil radiant boiler.
3. a kind of CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described exhaust gases passes is a long narrow passage, the inwall of this exhaust gases passes is refractory liner.
4. a kind of CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described heat convection water-cooling wall is several parallel longitudinal standpipe cylindrical walls around formation being close to setting, and two adjacent standpipes are by being welded to connect.
5. a kind of CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described air preheater is provided with air preheat outlet and air preheat import, one-level economizer is provided with one-level economizer exit and the import of one-level economizer, and secondary economizer is provided with secondary economizer exit and the import of secondary economizer; Air preheat outlet, air preheat import, one-level economizer exit, the import of one-level economizer, secondary economizer exit, the import of secondary economizer all extend to outside pressure housing.
6. a kind of CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the course of work is as follows: coal dust burns after entering CFB boiler furnace by the charging gear of CFB boiler, coal ash and flue gas together enter in separator, coal ash enters in combustion chamber through being separated Posterior circle, and flue gas enters in pencil radiant boiler through horizontal pipe and carries out heat exchange cooling; After flue gas enters pencil radiant boiler; first through overshoot water-cooled cooling; part bulky grain lime-ash is discharged bottom pencil radiant boiler, and other flue gases upwards carry out heat convection through secondary economizer, one-level economizer and air preheater, then discharge from exhanst gas outlet.
CN201210530453.6A 2012-12-11 2012-12-11 A kind of CFB-pencil radiant boiler alleviating high alkalinity coal and stain Active CN103017154B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104119005B (en) * 2014-07-04 2016-07-13 石家庄新华能源环保科技股份有限公司 A kind of partition shaft furnace with TRT
CN104390204A (en) * 2014-11-25 2015-03-04 中国东方电气集团有限公司 U-shaped hybrid type radiation boiler

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4920926A (en) * 1987-04-11 1990-05-01 Krupp Koppers Gmbh Waste heat boiler for cooling of partial oxidation crude gas
CN1159563A (en) * 1995-06-16 1997-09-17 Gec阿尔松·斯坦工业公司 Method and device for reducing pollutant in smoke of fluidized-bed heating system
CN101696792A (en) * 2009-11-10 2010-04-21 哈尔滨工业大学 Radiation and convection integrated waste heat boiler with double water screens and pipe coil
CN101699164A (en) * 2009-11-13 2010-04-28 哈尔滨工业大学 Radiation and convection integrated waste heat boiler with double-layer water cooling wall and radiation screen structure
CN202993182U (en) * 2012-12-11 2013-06-12 中国东方电气集团有限公司 CFB (circulating fluid bed)-sarciniform radiation boiler for lightening high-alkalinity coal contamination

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4920926A (en) * 1987-04-11 1990-05-01 Krupp Koppers Gmbh Waste heat boiler for cooling of partial oxidation crude gas
CN1159563A (en) * 1995-06-16 1997-09-17 Gec阿尔松·斯坦工业公司 Method and device for reducing pollutant in smoke of fluidized-bed heating system
CN101696792A (en) * 2009-11-10 2010-04-21 哈尔滨工业大学 Radiation and convection integrated waste heat boiler with double water screens and pipe coil
CN101699164A (en) * 2009-11-13 2010-04-28 哈尔滨工业大学 Radiation and convection integrated waste heat boiler with double-layer water cooling wall and radiation screen structure
CN202993182U (en) * 2012-12-11 2013-06-12 中国东方电气集团有限公司 CFB (circulating fluid bed)-sarciniform radiation boiler for lightening high-alkalinity coal contamination

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