CN103014537B - Smelting method of steel used in high speed passenger train hollow axle - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a smelting method of steel used in high speed passenger train hollow axles. The method comprises the sequential steps that: 1, molten iron pretreatment is carried out; 2, converter smelting is carried out, wherein, I, converter molten iron is added, and nickel, molybdenum, and copper alloy are added with scrap steel; II, when C content in molten steel is reduced to 0.06-0.10%, blowing is stopped; lime and iron ore are added, and top-gun oxygen blowing is carried out; III, lime and fluorite are added into ladle before tapping, and argon blowing and stirring are carried out, such that P is removed; IV, tapping is carried out; and V slag skimming is carried out; 3, LF furnace smelting is carried out, wherein, I, lime, fluorspar and aluminum particles are added into molten steel while heating, and argon blowing and stirring are carried out, such that S is removed; metal manganese, ferrosilicon, ferrovanadium, and high-carbon ferrochrome are added for alloying; lime and fluorspar are added, such that new slag is produced; and II, when processing is finished, calcium silicate wire is added; and 4, RH vacuum refining furnace operation is carried out, wherein, I, an RH vacuum tank is preheated; II, dehydration operation is carried out, wherein processing is carried out under certain vacuum degree, argon bottom blowing is carried out, and casting is carried out. the axle blanks produced from molten steel provided by the invention can accord with the quality requirement of steel used in high speed passenger train hollow axle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of smelting process of high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end steel.
Background technology
200 kilometers of passenger train hole-bored axle from end to end steel are greater than for making speed per hour, have very strict requirement to chemical composition, purity of steel and mechanical property etc., wherein in axletree steel billet, P, S, H, O, N content are not more than 0.005%, 0.002%, 0.00015%, 0.0015%, 0.0065% respectively; Non-metallic inclusion is carefully that A, B, C, D class is not more than 1.0 grades respectively.
The smelting process of existing high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end steel is: hot metal pretreatment → converter → LF stove → RH vacuum refining furnace → die casting, can only meet general axles steel, does not reach the requirement of high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end steel.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiency of existing high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end steel in smelting process, the invention provides a kind of smelting process that can meet the requirement of high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end steel quality, smelt with the present invention the shaft blank that the molten steel that produces, P, S, H, O, N content are not more than 0.003%, 0.001%, 0.00010%, 0.0012%, 0.0050% respectively; Non-metallic inclusion A, B, C, D class fine line level sum is not more than 1.0 grades.
Design of the present invention is: on the method basis of existing high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end smelting steel, in bag, P is taken off when utilizing converter tapping, skim afterwards, new slag is reproduced after LF stove takes off S, alloying, through the process of RH vacuum refining furnace, P in steel, S, H, O, N content and non-metallic inclusion rank can be made to reach the requirement of high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end steel.
This high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end steel chemical composition mass percent:
C 0.22-0.29; Si 0.15-0.40; Mn 0.50-0.80; P≤0.008;
S≤0.005; Cr 0.90-1.20; Ni 0.20-0.30; Mo 0.20-0.30
V 0.03-0.06; Al 0.01-0.03; Cu 0.10-0.30; Ti≤0.02;
N≤0.0065; H≤0.00015; O≤0.0015; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
The method technological process of production of this high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end smelting steel is:
De-P → → LF stove (making new slag) → RH vacuum refining furnace → die casting of skimming in hot metal pretreatment → converter → ladle.
The smelting process of this high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end steel comprises following step successively:
(1), hot metal pretreatment
S content in molten iron is taken off to less than 0.005%.
(2) converter smelting
I is blended into converter molten iron; Nickel, molybdenum, copper alloy add with hopper together with steel scrap, molten steel per ton with addition of nickelalloy 2.6-3.1Kg, add molybdenum-iron 4.3-5.1Kg, add copper coin 2.1-3.1Kg.(molten steel amount equals molten iron, nickel, molybdenum and copper alloy add-on sum and is multiplied by recovery rate of iron, and recovery rate of iron is 90-93%)
II pushes up rifle oxygen decarburization, and by when in molten steel, C content takes off 0.06-0.10%, stop blowing, pour the 1/3-2/3 of slag in converter into slag ladle, molten steel per ton adds lime 5-8Kg, adds iron ore 4-7Kg, the rifle oxygen blast of rear top, and blowing oxygen quantity is molten steel 3-5m per ton
3.
Bao Neijia lime and fluorite before III tapping, molten steel per ton adds lime 5-8Kg, adds fluorite 1-2Kg; Alloy is not added in ladle; Tapping whole process ladle bottom blowing stirs de-P with the argon gas of flow 1000-1400L/min; Tapping pushing off the slag, slag is thick is not more than 20mm.
After IV tapping, molten steel chemical composition mass percent:
C≥0.01; Si 0-0.02; Mn 0.01-0.06; P≤0.010; Ni 0.25-0.30;
Mo 0.25-0.30; Cu 0.20-0.30; Ti≤0.02; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Molten steel temperature 1570-1590 DEG C; Ladle spatial altitude 350-500mm (along the distance apart between molten steel face on ladle).
Skim after V tapping terminates, slag is thick is not more than 20mm.
(3), LF stove is smelted
In molten steel, lime 9-11Kg, fluorite 2.8-3.4Kg and aluminum shot 2.8-3.6Kg is added by molten steel per ton while I feeding temperature-raising, be warming up to 1600-1620 DEG C of power failure, add aluminium powder 0.4-0.6Kg by molten steel per ton, ladle bottom blowing stirs de-S with the argon gas of flow 1200-1400L/min; After de-S, molten steel per ton adds manganese metal 7.8-8.4Kg, ferrosilicon 4.7-5.2Kg, vanadium iron 0.94-1.15Kg and high carbon ferro-chrome 17.8-19.5Kg, finally adds carbon dust according to C content in molten steel; After alloying, skim to slag is thick and be not more than 50mm, molten steel per ton adds lime 3-6Kg and fluorite 1-2Kg reproduces new slag.
II process terminates, and feeds silicon-calcium wire (in silicon-calcium wire Si rate of recovery 93-96%) by 2.5-3.5m/t, and afterwards under the prerequisite that steel face is not exposed, ladle bottom blowing argon flow amount is that 80-200L/min stirs, churning time >=10min.
III sets off Ingredient percent:
C 0.27-0.28; Si 0.35-0.39; Mn 0.75-0.80; P≤0.006;
S≤0.002; Cr 1.10-1.20; Ni 0.25-0.30; Mo 0.25-0.30
V 0.045-0.055; Al 0.025-0.035; Cu 0.15-0.30; Ti≤0.02;
N≤0.0065; H≤0.00040; O≤0.0015; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Out-station temperature 1620-1640 DEG C; Ladle spatial altitude 200-400mm; Slag is thick is less than 150mm.
(4), RH vacuum refinement furnace operating
Before this steel process of I, first process that 1 stove P content is not more than 0.010%, S content be not more than 0.005%, Ti content be not more than 0.01% steel, preheating is carried out to RH vacuum tank.(molten steel used after thermal pretreatment, the normal continuous casting of molten steel or die casting.)
II dehydrogenated operation: the thermometric that enters the station, determine hydrogen, sampling; Thermometric, sampling after circulation 3min; 3 × 10 are not more than in vacuum tightness
2the Pa lower treatment time is no less than 20min, and process is not fed in raw material; Process terminates, ladle bottom blowing argon gas, stirs, churning time>=8min with 80-200L/min flow blowing argon gas; Cast afterwards, pouring temperature 1535-1555 DEG C.
III finished product Ingredient percent:
C 0.22-0.29; Si 0.15-0.40; Mn 0.50-0.80; P≤0.008;
S≤0.005; Cr 0.90-1.20; Ni 0.20-0.30; Mo 0.20-0.30
V 0.03-0.06; Al 0.01-0.03; Cu 0.10-0.30; Ti≤0.02;
N≤0.0060; H≤0.00015; O≤0.0015;
All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
The smelting process of above-mentioned high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end steel, it is characterized in that: be that molten iron S content being not more than 0.060% is poured in pre-treatment tank in step (one) hot metal pretreatment, thermometric, sampling, lower spray gun, rifle head is to 200mm place at the bottom of tank, molten iron winding-up passivation particle magnesium 0.5-0.7Kg per ton desulfurization, winding-up terminates thermometric, sampling, and in molten iron, S content is less than 0.005%; Then skim, slag is thick is less than 20mm.
In the present invention:
Passivation particle magnesium physical and chemical index
Mg>=95%; S≤0.002%; H
2o≤0.5%; Granularity: 0.5 ~ 1.6mm;
Bulk density>=0.75g/cm
3; Burning-point>=560 DEG C;
Nickel content 99% in nickelalloy; Molybdenum content 60% in molybdenum alloy;
Copper content 99% in copper alloy; In lime, CaO content is not less than 90%;
CaF in fluorite
2content is not less than 80%; Fe in iron ore
20
3content is not less than 90%;
In aluminum shot, Al content is not less than 99%; In aluminium powder, Al content is not less than 99%;
In silicon-calcium wire, Si content 60%, Ca content 29%, core opaque amount are not less than 230g/m;
In manganese metal, Mn content 98%, P content are not more than 0.02%;
Si content 75% in ferrosilicon; V content 50% in vanadium iron;
In high carbon ferro-chrome, C content 8%, Cr content 65%, P content is not more than 0.02%;
In carbon dust moisture be not more than 0.5%, the C rate of recovery press 80-85% calculate.
With the molten steel that the smelting process of this high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end steel is smelted, the axletree steel billet produced, P, S, H, O, N content are not more than 0.005%, 0.002%, 0.00015%, 0.0015%, 0.0065% respectively; Non-metallic inclusion A, B, C, D class fine line level sum is not more than 1.0 grades, and this steel can reach the specification of quality that high-speed railway passenger speed per hour is greater than 200 kilometers of hole-bored axle from end to end steel.
Embodiment
Describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but the specific embodiment of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment
The Production Flow Chart of the present embodiment is:
De-P → → 180tLF stove (making new slag) → 180tRH vacuum refining furnace → die casting of skimming in 180t hot metal pretreatment → 180t converter → ladle
(1), hot metal pretreatment
Pour in pre-treatment tank by the 180t molten iron of S content 0.035%, temperature 1360 DEG C, lower spray gun, rifle head is to 200mm place at the bottom of tank, and winding-up passivation particle magnesium 100Kg desulfurization, jets and terminate, molten iron temperature 1320 DEG C, S content 0.003% in molten iron; Then skim, the thick 15mm of slag.
(2) converter smelting
I is blended into converter 180t and takes off S molten iron, and 530Kg nickel plate, 850Kg molybdenum-iron add converter with 390Kg copper coin together with 30t steel scrap hopper.
II pushes up rifle oxygen decarburization, C content in molten steel is taken off to 0.08% time, stop blowing, in converter, 1/3 of slag pours slag ladle into, adds lime 1200Kg and iron ore 1000Kg, with top rifle oxygen blast 650m
3.
Lime 1000Kg and fluorite 300Kg is added in bag before III tapping; Alloy is not added in ladle; Tapping 5min, tapping whole process ladle bottom blowing stirs de-P with the argon gas of flow 1200L/min; Tapping pushing off the slag, the thick 20mm of slag; Molten steel amount 192.7t, recovery rate of iron 91%.
After IV tapping, molten steel chemical composition mass percent:
C 0.013;Si 0.01;Mn 0.03;P 0.008;Ni 0.27;Mo 0.26;Cu 0.20;
Ti 0.003; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Molten steel temperature 1579 DEG C; Ladle spatial altitude 400mm.
V taps end, skims to the thick 20mm of slag; Skim loss molten steel 1.6t.
(3), LF stove is smelted
In molten steel, add lime 2000Kg, fluorite 600Kg and aluminum shot 550Kg while I feeding temperature-raising, be warming up to 1610 DEG C of power failures, add aluminium powder 100Kg, ladle bottom blowing stirs de-S with flow 1300L/min blowing argon gas; Add manganese metal 1540Kg, ferrosilicon 960Kg, vanadium iron 200Kg and high carbon ferro-chrome 3550Kg after de-S, finally add carbon dust 350Kg (in carbon dust fixation of C content 93%) according to C content in molten steel; After alloying, skim to the thick 50mm of slag, add lime 1000Kg and fluorite 300Kg reproduces new slag; Molten steel amount 195.7t.
II process terminates, and feeds 600m silicon-calcium wire, and afterwards under the prerequisite that steel face is not exposed, ladle bottom blowing argon flow amount is that 150L/min stirs, churning time 12min.
III sets off Ingredient percent:
C 0.28; Si 0.38; Mn 0.78; P 0.0015; S 0.001; Cr 1.12;
Ni 0.27; Mo 0.26; V 0.05; Al 0.03; Cu 0.20; Ti 0.003;
N 0.0055; H 0.00026; O 0.0010; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Temperature departures degree 1628 DEG C; Ladle spatial altitude 320mm; The thick 80mm of slag.
(4), RH vacuum refinement furnace operating
Before this steel process of I, first process 1 stove P first process 1 stove P content 0.009%, the steel of S content 0.005%, Ti content 0.005%, preheating is carried out to RH vacuum tank.(molten steel used after thermal pretreatment, the normal continuous casting of molten steel or die casting.)
II dehydrogenated operation: the thermometric that enters the station, determine hydrogen, sampling; Thermometric, sampling after circulation 3min; In vacuum tightness 1.3 × 10
2pa 23.5min of lower treatment time, process is not fed in raw material; Process terminates, ladle bottom blowing argon gas, stirs, churning time 9min with 95L/min flow blowing argon gas; Cast afterwards, pouring temperature 1551 DEG C.
III finished product Ingredient percent:
C 0.28; Si 0.36; Mn 0.75; P 0.002; S 0.0015; Cr 1.10;
Ni 0.26; Mo 0.26; V 0.05; Al 0.017; Cu 0.19; Ti 0.003;
N 0.0045; H 0.00005; O 0.0010; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
In the present embodiment:
Passivation particle magnesium physical and chemical index
Mg 97%; S 0.001%; H
2o 0.3%; Granularity 1.1mm; Bulk density 0.85g/cm
3;
Burning-point 630 DEG C;
Nickel content 99% in nickelalloy; Molybdenum content 60% in molybdenum alloy;
Copper content 99% in copper alloy; CaO content 92% in lime;
CaF in fluorite
2content 85%; Fe in iron ore
2o
3content 93%;
Al content 99% in aluminum shot; Al content 99% in aluminium powder;
Si content 60%, Ca content 29%, core opaque amount 236g/m in silicon-calcium wire;
Mn content 98%, P content 0.015% in manganese metal;
Si content 75% in ferrosilicon; V content 50% in vanadium iron;
C content 8%, Cr content 65%, P content 0.02% in high carbon ferro-chrome;
In carbon dust, moisture is not more than 0.5%, the C rate of recovery by 82% calculating.
Smelt the molten steel by the present embodiment smelting process, the axletree steel billet produced, P, S, H, O, N content are respectively 0.002%, 0.0015%, 0.00005%, 0.0010%, 0.0050%; Non-metallic inclusion A, B, C, D class fine line level sum 0.5 grade, this steel can reach the specification of quality that high-speed railway passenger speed per hour is greater than 200 kilometers of hole-bored axle from end to end steel.
Claims (2)
1. a smelting process for high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end steel, it comprises following step successively
:
One, hot metal pretreatment
S content in molten iron is taken off to less than 0.005%;
Two, converter smelting
I molten iron is blended into converter; Nickelalloy, molybdenum-iron, copper coin add with hopper together with steel scrap, molten steel per ton with addition of nickelalloy 2.6-3.1Kg, add molybdenum-iron 4.3-5.1Kg, add copper coin 2.1-3.1Kg;
II top rifle oxygen decarburization, by when in molten steel, C content takes off 0.06-0.10%, stop blowing, pour the 1/3-2/3 of slag in converter into slag ladle, molten steel per ton adds lime 5-8Kg, adds iron ore 4-7Kg, the rifle oxygen blast of rear top, and blowing oxygen quantity is molten steel 3-5m per ton
3;
Bao Neijia lime and fluorite before III tapping, molten steel per ton adds lime 5-8Kg, adds fluorite 1-2Kg; Alloy is not added in ladle; Tapping whole process ladle bottom blowing stirs de-P with the argon gas of flow 1000-1400L/min; Tapping pushing off the slag, slag is thick is not more than 20mm;
After IV tapping, molten steel chemical composition mass percent:
C≥0.01; Si 0-0.02 ;Mn 0.01-0.06; P≤0.010; Ni 0.25-0.30;
Mo 0.25-0.30; Cu 0.20-0.30; Ti≤0.02; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity;
Molten steel temperature 1570-1590 DEG C; Ladle spatial altitude 350-500mm;
Skim after V tapping terminates, slag is thick is not more than 20mm;
Three, LF stove is smelted
iin molten steel, add lime 9-11Kg, fluorite 2.8-3.4Kg and aluminum shot 2.8-3.6Kg by molten steel per ton while feeding temperature-raising, be warming up to 1600-1620 DEG C of power failure, add by molten steel per ton
Aluminium powder 0.4-0.6Kg, ladle bottom blowing stirs de-S with the argon gas of flow 1200-1400L/min
;after de-S, molten steel per ton adds manganese metal 7.8-8.4Kg, ferrosilicon 4.7-5.2Kg, vanadium iron 0.94-1.15Kg and height
Carbon ferrochrome 17.8-19.5Kg, finally adds carbon dust according to C content in molten steel; After alloying, skim to slag is thick and be not more than 50mm, molten steel per ton adds lime 3-6Kg and fluorite 1-2Kg reproduces new slag;
II process terminates, and feeds silicon-calcium wire by 2.5-3.5m/t, afterwards under the prerequisite that steel face is not exposed,
Ladle bottom blowing argon flow amount is that 80-200L/min stirs, churning time >=10min;
III departures Ingredient percent:
C 0.27-0.28; Si 0.35-0.39; Mn 0.75-0.80; P≤0.006;
S≤0.002; Cr 1.10-1.20; Ni 0.25-0.30; Mo 0.25-0.30
V 0.045-0.055; Al 0.025-0.035; Cu 0.15-0.30; Ti≤0.02;
N≤0.0065; H≤0.00040; O≤0.0015; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity;
Out-station temperature 1620-1640 DEG C; Ladle spatial altitude 200-400mm; Slag is thick is less than 150mm;
Four, RH vacuum refinement furnace operating
Before I this steel process, first process that 1 stove P content is not more than 0.010%, S content be not more than 0.005%, Ti content be not more than 0.01% steel, preheating is carried out to RH vacuum tank;
II dehydrogenated operation: the thermometric that enters the station, determine hydrogen, sampling; Thermometric, sampling after circulation 3min; 3 × 10 are not more than in vacuum tightness
2the Pa lower treatment time is no less than 20min, and process is not fed in raw material; Process terminates, ladle bottom blowing argon gas, stirs, churning time>=8min with 80-200L/min flow blowing argon gas; Cast afterwards, pouring temperature 1535-1555 DEG C;
III finished product Ingredient percent:
C 0.22-0.29; Si 0.15-0.40; Mn 0.50-0.80; P≤0.008;
S≤0.005; Cr 0.90-1.20; Ni 0.20-0.30; Mo 0.20-0.30
V 0.03-0.06; Al 0.01-0.03; Cu 0.10-0.30; Ti≤0.02;
N≤0.0060; H≤0.00015; O≤0.0015;
All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. the smelting process of high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end steel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described hot metal pretreatment is that molten iron S content being not more than 0.060% is poured in pre-treatment tank, thermometric, sampling, lower spray gun, rifle head is to 200mm place at the bottom of tank, molten iron winding-up passivation particle magnesium 0.5-0.7Kg per ton desulfurization, winding-up terminates thermometric, sampling, and in molten iron, S content is less than 0.005%; Then skim, slag is thick is less than 20mm.
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