CN104294173A - Niobium-containing steel for high-speed train axle - Google Patents
Niobium-containing steel for high-speed train axle Download PDFInfo
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- CN104294173A CN104294173A CN201410532108.5A CN201410532108A CN104294173A CN 104294173 A CN104294173 A CN 104294173A CN 201410532108 A CN201410532108 A CN 201410532108A CN 104294173 A CN104294173 A CN 104294173A
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- steel
- axletree
- niobium
- bullet train
- axle
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
Abstract
The invention provides a niobium-containing steel for a high-speed train axle. The niobium-containing steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass (wt%): 0.25-0.32% of C, 0.15-0.40% of Si, 0.60-0.90% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, 1.00-1.20% of Cr, 0.20-0.35% of Mo, 0.15-0.30% of Ni, 0.015-0.060% of Nb, 0.10-0.30% of Cu, 0.0008-0.0050% of B, 0.010-0.050% of Als, and the balance of iron and residual trace impurities; the axle prepared by the components is subjected to thermal treatment, the grain size of the steel is more than or equal to 8.5 grade, tissues are tempered sorbite plus bainite, wherein the content of the tempered sorbite near the surface of the axle is about 70%-90%, and the content of the tempered sorbite at 1/2 radius of the axle is about 40%-60%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to axle steel field, particularly relate to bullet train axletree structural alloy steel and technical field of heat treatment technology thereof.
Background technology
Axletree is the vital part of vehicle to run part, subject deadweight and the load of vehicle, also withstand shocks in vehicle operating with when stopping power and damping force, just more complicated with the state lower stress situation of heavy duty at a high speed, one of three large vital parts (heavy rail, axletree and wheel) of railway construction, train shaft belongs to the stepped axial workpiece of ultra-large type rotational symmetry, and its maximum diameter is about 200mm, and length reaches about 2200mm.
Along with putting into operation of China Express Railway, train speed improves further, and the high speed axletree as one of railroad train key part is the important running part of railroad train, and its quality is directly connected to high-speed railway operating safety.Bullet train axletree will ensure, under the working conditions of defined, to have enough securities, reliability and long life, and this just has higher requirement to axletree material correlation technique.Bullet train bearing is subject to the various load being derived from car body and track, wherein mainly rotoflector load and torsional load.Data according to statistics, in these failure modes, the inefficacy that crackle causes accounts for more than 90% of whole inefficacy axletree, and the axletree failure mode that crackle causes finally shows as repeated stress failure, repeated stress failure is the process that a crackle produces, expansion causes fracture, and its fatigure failure directly jeopardizes transportation safety.Therefore, for Axle steel, mainly ensure its good intensity (particularly bending composite fatigue intensity) and toughness.The factor affecting steel fatigue property mainly contains: the erosion resistance etc. of the condition of surface of the cleanliness factor of steel, the composition of steel and tissue, steel and dimensional effect, steel.
Each railway developed country of the world all pays much attention to the research work of high speed axletree, constantly improves from aspects such as material, design, production, thermal treatment and utilization maintenances.Because the national conditions of various countries are different with technological standpoint, the axletree material selected is not identical yet.At present, domestic and international speed car axle-steel is broadly divided into 3 classes: carbon constructional quality steel, medium alloy constructional steel, high alloy-structural steel.
(1) carbon constructional quality steel.Japan adopts general carbon steel (S38C) to add surperficial medium frequency quenching thermal treatment process, comparing Europe adopts steel alloy to add modifier treatment thermal treatment process, Japan's high speed axletree material cost is low, but thermal treatment process is complicated, and heat treatment process parameter control accuracy requires high.
(2) medium alloy constructional steel.Speed car, Europe shaft material adopts medium alloy constructional steel (as EA4T) mostly, and by the obdurability index adopting enhanced processing method to improve axletree, thermal treatment process is simple.But EA4T steel is only containing Cr0.90 ~ 1.20%, Mo0.15 ~ 0.30%, and the hardening capacity of steel is not very good, for large section axletree, there is not saturating problem of quenching, cause axletree cross section microstructure and performance uneven, have impact on the overall performance index of high speed axletree.Chinese patent 201210555924.9 provides a kind of axle steel, its composition is C:0.38 ~ 0.44, Si:0.17 ~ 0.37, Mn:0.60 ~ 0.80, P :≤0.015, S :≤0.010, Cr:0.90 ~ 1.20, Mo:0.15 ~ 0.30, Ni:0.10 ~ 0.25, V:0.07 ~ 0.2, Cu:0.08 ~ 0.2, Als:0.02 ~ 0.05.Also there is not saturating problem of quenching in the large section axletree adopting this patent to produce.
(3) high alloy-structural steel.The high alloy-structural steels such as 30NiCrMoV12 selected by part European speed car shaft material, containing Cr0.60 ~ 1.00%, Ni2.70 ~ 3.30%, Mo0.40 ~ 0.60%, V0.08 ~ 0.13% in steel, such steel grade have many good qualities such as hardening capacity good, can oil quenching, be out of shape little, hardness is high, yield tensile ratio is high, corrosion resistance and good etc., but cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming prior art Problems existing, the invention provides one contain niobium bullet train axles steel and utilize micro-Nb, B and a small amount of Ni, Cu composite alloying principle, in conjunction with to optimization of Heat Treatment Process, under the prerequisite of a small amount of increase cost, significantly improve the hardening capacity of bullet train axles steel, erosion resistance, fatigue resistance and low-temperature flexibility, and then significantly improve the overall performance of bullet train axles steel, life-span and security, make the production technique of bullet train axles steel simpler and easy, efficiently, thus produce the bullet train axles steel of low-cost and high-performance.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of containing niobium bullet train axles steel, the mass percent (wt%) of its chemical composition is: C:0.25 ~ 0.32, Si:0.15 ~ 0.40, Mn:0.60 ~ 0.90, P :≤0.015, S :≤0.010, Cr:1.00 ~ 1.20, Mo:0.20 ~ 0.35, Ni:0.15 ~ 0.30, Nb:0.015 ~ 0.060, Cu:0.10 ~ 0.30, B:0.0008 ~ 0.0050, Als:0.010 ~ 0.050, all the other are iron and remaining trace impurity; After the axletree thermal treatment adopting mentioned component to prepare, grain fineness number is more than or equal to 8.5 grades, is organized as tempered sorbite+bainite, and wherein, the nearly surface tempering sorbite percentage of axletree is about 70 ~ 90%, and axletree 1/2 radius tempered sorbite content is about 40 ~ 60%.
Steel of the present invention has carried out Composition Design with polynary a small amount of alloying principle.
(1) carbon: C is main strengthening element, and have a significant impact the intensity of steel, plasticity and toughness, the too high meeting of C causes the plasticity of steel and the reduction of toughness.For ensureing plasticity and the toughness of steel, C content should suitably reduce, and the intensity of loss is then made up by other alloying element and microalloy element.Consider, the C content scope of high speed axle steel should be advisable 0.25% ~ 0.32%.
(2) silicon: Si is the most obvious element of solution strengthening effect, is also to the maximum element of loss in toughness simultaneously.It is not too high that axle steel strength level requires, considers, do not adopt Si as main strengthening element from over-all properties, and therefore Si content controls, in general lower level, to be advisable to be no more than 0.4%, and scope is considered 0.15% ~ 0.40%.
(3) manganese: Mn mainly plays solution strengthening effect.With Si unlike Mn within 1.0% content, it is harmless to toughness, but along with the further increase of Mn content, the toughness of steel reduces gradually.Therefore high speed axle steel design Mn content is advisable to be no more than 1.0%, and range-controllable is built in 0.60% ~ 0.90%.
(4) chromium: Cr can increase the hardening capacity of steel, after impelling quenching and tempering, the whole cross section of workpiece obtains and organizes more uniformly.Range-controllable is built in 0.90% ~ 1.20%.
(5) molybdenum: Mo can improve hardening capacity and the heat resistance of steel significantly, prevents temper brittleness; Meanwhile, Mo can make the grain refining of steel, improve the obdurability of steel, but the cost of Mo is higher.Consider, range-controllable is built in 0.15% ~ 0.30%.
(6) nickel: Ni has the tissue of refinement steel, improves the effect of the low-temperature performance of steel, and has solution strengthening, the effect of raising hardening capacity, but it is expensive.Consider, range-controllable is built in 0.15 ~ 0.30%.
(7) copper: Cu is similar to Ni in solution strengthening, raising hardening capacity; Simultaneously, in steel, add the anti-fatigue performance that copper also can improve steel, because tiny Cu precipitates the formation of having blocked tired initial stage vein texture, and copper precipitate has good plasticity, the expansion of fatigue cracking can be hindered, thus improve the fatigue strength of steel; In addition, Cu also improves the effect of steel solidity to corrosion, adds 0.1%Cu and can significantly improve its solidity to corrosion in steel.But Cu too high levels, steel easily causes hot-short in heating rolling or forging process.Consider, range-controllable is built in 0.15 ~ 0.30%.
(8) niobium: Nb is grain refining, precipitation strength and phase transformation strengthening to axletree strengthen and toughen effect main manifestations.Nb exists to replace solute atoms in steel, Nb atomic ratio iron atom size is large, easily segregation on dislocation line, strong effect of dragging is produced to climb of dislocation, Recrystallization nucleation is suppressed, to recrystallize, there is strong interception, improve austenitic recrystallization temperature, thus reaching the object of fining austenite grains, grain refining can not only improve the obdurability of steel, and improves the low-temperature performance of steel.But it is expensive.Consider, the range-controllable of Nb is built in 0.015% ~ 0.060%.
(9) boron: when containing (0.0008 ~ 0.005%) boron of trace in steel, the hardening capacity of steel can significantly improve, and is the medium carbon structural alloy steel of 0.25 ~ 0.32% for C content, and after adding boron, its maximum through hardening diameter can improve more than 50%.For large section interalloy axletree structure iron, exist and to quench not saturating problem, cause axletree cross section microstructure and performance uneven, have impact on the overall performance index of high speed axletree, therefore need to improve its hardening capacity further by boron alloyed.Meanwhile, boron alloyed cost is low, and the quenching crack susceptibility impact of boron on steel is very little.
The present invention containing the niobium bullet train axles steel technological process of production is: electric arc furnace or converter smelting → LF stove refining → RH or VD vacuum outgas → continuous casting → strand process furnace heating → axle blank rolling → axle blank forging → blank axletree rough turn → the neat end face processing → normalizing of axletree+quenching+high tempering thermal treatment → axletree outer circle finish turning processing → axletree internal bore boring processing → external grinding → flaw detection.
The thermal treatment process step of key of the present invention is as follows:
(1) normalizing: be about 200mm by maximum diameter, length reach about 2200mm containing niobium bullet train axletree with DEG C insulation of heating rate to 900 ~ 950 of 50 ~ 100 DEG C/h, soaking time calculates by 1.2 ~ 1.7min/mm, and air cooling is to room temperature subsequently.Not only refinement crystal grain after normalizing, and improve the ununiformity of tissue, carry out tissue for finished heat treatment subsequently and prepare.
(2) quench: be about 200mm by maximum diameter, length reach about 2200mm containing niobium bullet train axletree with DEG C insulation of heating rate to 880 ~ 930 of 50 ~ 100 DEG C/h, soaking time calculates by 1.5 ~ 2.0min/mm, carries out water-cooled subsequently to room temperature.
(3) tempering: be about 200mm by maximum diameter, length reach about 2200mm containing niobium bullet train axletree with DEG C insulation of heating rate to 620 ~ 680 of 50 ~ 100 DEG C/h, soaking time calculates by 2 ~ 2.5min/mm, and air cooling is to room temperature subsequently.Through tempering, the metallographic structure of even fine and closely woven tempered sorbite+lower bainite can be obtained, thus good toughness plasticity and suitable intensity index can be obtained.
What adopt chemical composition of the present invention, technical process and thermal treatment process processing parameter to produce contains niobium bullet train axles steel, and the vertical mixing coefficient measuring steel can reach: R
p0.2>=589MPa, R
m>=736MPa, A>=20%, Z>=66% ,-40 DEG C of impacts of collision absorb merit Kv
2>=187J, the safe range of stress R of smooth surface sample
fL>=371MPa, the safe range of stress R of the jagged sample of surface band
fE>=304MPa, R
fL/ R
fE≤ 1.25.The grain fineness number of Axle steel is more than or equal to 8.5 grades.After bullet train axletree " normalizing+quenching+high tempering " thermal treatment steel be organized as tempered sorbite+bainite, wherein, the nearly surface tempering sorbite percentage of axletree is about 70 ~ 90%, and axletree 1/2 radius tempered sorbite content is about 40 ~ 60%.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is: by adopting micro-Nb, B and a small amount of Ni, Cu composite alloying principle, in conjunction with to optimization of Heat Treatment Process, by refined crystalline strengthening, precipitation strength and phase transformation strengthening mechanism, obtain the high speed axletree structure of steel state with even fine and closely woven sorbite+lower bainite metallographic structure, have developed the high speed axle steel that yield strength is greater than 580MPa, under the prerequisite of a small amount of increase cost, significantly improve the hardening capacity of bullet train axles steel, erosion resistance, fatigue resistance and low-temperature flexibility, and then significantly improve the overall performance of bullet train axles steel, life-span and security, make the production technique of bullet train axles steel simpler and easy, efficiently, thus produced the bullet train axles steel of low-cost and high-performance.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is for setting forth the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in following examples.
The present invention containing the niobium bullet train axles steel technological process of production is: electric arc furnace or converter smelting → LF stove refining → RH or VD vacuum outgas → continuous casting → strand process furnace heating → axle blank rolling → axle blank forging → blank axletree rough turn → the neat end face processing → normalizing of axletree+quenching+high tempering thermal treatment → axletree outer circle finish turning processing → axletree internal bore boring processing → external grinding → flaw detection.
The present invention is as follows containing the embodiment of the melting chemical composition of niobium bullet train axles steel, main heat treatment process parameter and performance:
Thermal treatment process step and parameter are:
(1) normalizing: with the heating rate of 50 ~ 100 DEG C/h to 900-950 DEG C of insulation, soaking time 240-340min, air cooling is to room temperature subsequently.
(2) quench: with the heating rate of 50 ~ 100 DEG C/h to 880-930 DEG C of insulation, soaking time 300-400min, water-cooled is to room temperature subsequently.
(3) tempering: with the heating rate of 50 ~ 100 DEG C/h to 620-680 DEG C of insulation, soaking time 400-500min, air cooling is to room temperature subsequently.
The melting chemical composition mass percent (wt%) that maximum diameter is Φ 200mm, length reaches 2200mm bullet train axletree is in table 1, and high-speed train beam warp crosses the performance index after above thermal treatment in table 2.
The melting chemical composition mass percent (wt%) of table 1 bullet train axletree steel
Performance index after the thermal treatment of table 2 bullet train axletree
Performance index after the thermal treatment of continued 2 bullet train axletree
Claims (2)
1., containing a niobium bullet train axles steel, it is characterized in that, the mass percent (wt%) of its chemical composition is: C:0.25 ~ 0.32, Si:0.15 ~ 0.40, Mn:0.60 ~ 0.90, P :≤0.015, S :≤0.010, Cr:1.00 ~ 1.20, Mo:0.20 ~ 0.35, Ni:0.15 ~ 0.30, Nb:0.015 ~ 0.060, Cu:0.10 ~ 0.30, B:0.0008 ~ 0.0050, Als:0.010 ~ 0.050, all the other are iron and remaining trace impurity; After the axletree thermal treatment adopting mentioned component to prepare, grain fineness number is more than or equal to 8.5 grades, is organized as tempered sorbite+bainite, and wherein, the nearly surface tempering sorbite percentage of axletree is about 70 ~ 90%, and axletree 1/2 radius tempered sorbite content is about 40 ~ 60%.
2. as claimed in claim 1 containing niobium bullet train axles steel, it is characterized in that, the axletree mechanical property adopting mentioned component to prepare is: yield strength R
p0.2>=589MPa, tensile strength R
m>=736MPa, unit elongation A>=20%, relative reduction in area Z>=66% ,-40 DEG C of impacts of collision absorb merit KV
2>=187J, the safe range of stress R of smooth surface sample
fL>=371MPa, the safe range of stress R of the jagged sample of surface band
fE>=304MPa, R
fL/ R
fE≤ 1.25.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410532108.5A CN104294173A (en) | 2014-10-11 | 2014-10-11 | Niobium-containing steel for high-speed train axle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410532108.5A CN104294173A (en) | 2014-10-11 | 2014-10-11 | Niobium-containing steel for high-speed train axle |
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| CN104294173A true CN104294173A (en) | 2015-01-21 |
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ID=52314119
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105695876A (en) * | 2016-02-14 | 2016-06-22 | 江阴南工锻造有限公司 | Smelting process for steel for wind power main shaft and steel for wind power main shaft |
| CN105821307A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-08-03 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Niobium-containing steel for motor train unit axle and production method and heat processing technology thereof |
| CN110735090A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-01-31 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | steel for drilling pump air bag and production method thereof |
| CN111270168A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-12 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Niobium-containing axle for urban rail subway and heat treatment process thereof |
| CN113699452A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-26 | 宝武集团马钢轨交材料科技有限公司 | Steel for tramcar elastic wheel rim and heat treatment method and production method thereof |
| CN114058964A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-18 | 宝武集团马钢轨交材料科技有限公司 | Steel for high-speed axle and heat treatment method and production method thereof |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105695876A (en) * | 2016-02-14 | 2016-06-22 | 江阴南工锻造有限公司 | Smelting process for steel for wind power main shaft and steel for wind power main shaft |
| CN105695876B (en) * | 2016-02-14 | 2017-07-18 | 江阴南工锻造有限公司 | The smelting process and steel for wind power spindle of a kind of steel for wind power spindle |
| CN105821307A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-08-03 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Niobium-containing steel for motor train unit axle and production method and heat processing technology thereof |
| CN105821307B (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2018-04-03 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of steel of axle of motor train unit containing niobium, its production method and Technology for Heating Processing |
| CN110735090A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-01-31 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | steel for drilling pump air bag and production method thereof |
| CN111270168A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-12 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Niobium-containing axle for urban rail subway and heat treatment process thereof |
| CN113699452A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-26 | 宝武集团马钢轨交材料科技有限公司 | Steel for tramcar elastic wheel rim and heat treatment method and production method thereof |
| CN114058964A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-18 | 宝武集团马钢轨交材料科技有限公司 | Steel for high-speed axle and heat treatment method and production method thereof |
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