CN103014537A - Smelting method of steel used in high speed passenger train hollow axle - Google Patents
Smelting method of steel used in high speed passenger train hollow axle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a smelting method of steel used in high speed passenger train hollow axles. The method comprises the sequential steps that: 1, molten iron pretreatment is carried out; 2, converter smelting is carried out, wherein, I, converter molten iron is added, and nickel, molybdenum, and copper alloy are added with scrap steel; II, when C content in molten steel is reduced to 0.06-0.10%, blowing is stopped; lime and iron ore are added, and top-gun oxygen blowing is carried out; III, lime and fluorite are added into ladle before tapping, and argon blowing and stirring are carried out, such that P is removed; IV, tapping is carried out; and V slag skimming is carried out; 3, LF furnace smelting is carried out, wherein, I, lime, fluorspar and aluminum particles are added into molten steel while heating, and argon blowing and stirring are carried out, such that S is removed; metal manganese, ferrosilicon, ferrovanadium, and high-carbon ferrochrome are added for alloying; lime and fluorspar are added, such that new slag is produced; and II, when processing is finished, calcium silicate wire is added; and 4, RH vacuum refining furnace operation is carried out, wherein, I, an RH vacuum tank is preheated; II, dehydration operation is carried out, wherein processing is carried out under certain vacuum degree, argon bottom blowing is carried out, and casting is carried out. the axle blanks produced from molten steel provided by the invention can accord with the quality requirement of steel used in high speed passenger train hollow axle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end smelting process of steel.
Background technology
Be used for making speed per hour greater than 200 kilometers passenger train hole-bored axle from end to end steel, chemical composition, purity of steel and mechanical property etc. are had very strict requirement, and wherein P, S, H, O, N content are not more than respectively 0.005%, 0.002%, 0.00015%, 0.0015%, 0.0065% in the axletree steel billet; Non-metallic inclusion carefully is that A, B, C, D class are not more than respectively 1.0 grades.
Existing high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end with the smelting process of steel is: hot metal pretreatment → converter → LF stove → RH vacuum refining furnace → die casting, can only satisfy general axles steel, and do not reach the steel requirement of high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end.
Summary of the invention
Use steel in the deficiency of smelting process for overcoming existing high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end, the invention provides and a kind ofly can satisfy the high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end with the smelting process of steel quality requirement, smelt the shaft blank that the molten steel that is produced with the present invention, P, S, H, O, N content are not more than respectively 0.003%, 0.001%, 0.00010%, 0.0012%, 0.0050%; Non-metallic inclusion A, B, C, D class carefully are that the rank sum is not more than 1.0 grades.
Design of the present invention is: use on the method basis of smelting steel at existing high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end, in bag, take off P when utilizing converter tapping, skim afterwards, after taking off S, alloying, reproduces by the LF stove new slag, process through the RH vacuum refining furnace, can make P in the steel, S, H, O, N content and non-metallic inclusion rank reach the steel requirement of high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end.
This high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end steel chemical composition mass percent:
C 0.22-0.29； Si 0.15-0.40； Mn 0.50-0.80； P≤0.008；
S≤0.005； Cr 0.90-1.20； Ni 0.20-0.30； Mo 0.20-0.30
V 0.03-0.06； Al 0.01-0.03； Cu 0.10-0.30； Ti≤0.02；
N≤0.0065; H≤0.00015; O≤0.0015; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
This high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end with the method technological process of production of smelting steel is:
Take off P → skim → LF stove (making new slag) → RH vacuum refining furnace → die casting in hot metal pretreatment → converter → ladle.
This high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end comprises following step successively with the smelting process of steel:
(1), hot metal pretreatment
S content in the molten iron is taken off to below 0.005%.
(2) converter smelting
I is blended into the converter molten iron; Nickel, molybdenum, copper alloy add with hopper together with steel scrap, molten steel per ton with addition of nickelalloy 2.6-3.1Kg, add molybdenum-iron 4.3-5.1Kg, add copper coin 2.1-3.1Kg.(the molten steel amount equals molten iron, nickel, molybdenum and copper alloy add-on sum and multiply by recovery rate of iron, and recovery rate of iron is 90-93%)
II top rifle oxygen decarburization when C content takes off 0.06-0.10% in the molten steel, stops blowing, pours the 1/3-2/3 of slag in the converter into slag ladle, and molten steel per ton adds lime 5-8Kg, adds iron ore 4-7Kg, and rear with top rifle oxygen blast, blowing oxygen quantity is molten steel 3-5m per ton
3
Bao Neijia lime and fluorite before the III tapping, molten steel per ton adds lime 5-8Kg, adds fluorite 1-2Kg; Do not add alloy in the ladle; Tapping whole process ladle bottom blowing takes off P with the argon gas stirring of flow 1000-1400L/min; The tapping pushing off the slag, the thick 20mm that is not more than of slag.
After the IV tapping, molten steel chemical composition mass percent:
C≥0.01； Si 0-0.02； Mn 0.01-0.06； P≤0.010； Ni 0.25-0.30；
Mo 0.25-0.30; Cu 0.20-0.30; Ti≤0.02; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Molten steel temperature 1570-1590 ℃; Ladle spatial altitude 350-500mm (edge is apart from the distance between the molten steel face on the ladle).
After finishing, the V tapping skims the thick 20mm that is not more than of slag.
(3), the LF stove is smelted
In molten steel, add lime 9-11Kg, fluorite 2.8-3.4Kg and aluminum shot 2.8-3.6Kg by molten steel per ton in the time of the I feeding temperature-raising, be warming up to 1600-1620 ℃ of power failure, add aluminium powder 0.4-0.6Kg by molten steel per ton, ladle bottom blowing takes off S with the argon gas stirring of flow 1200-1400L/min; Molten steel per ton adds manganese metal 7.8-8.4Kg, ferrosilicon 4.7-5.2Kg, vanadium iron 0.94-1.15Kg and high carbon ferro-chrome 17.8-19.5Kg after taking off S, adds carbon dust according to C content in the molten steel at last; After the alloying, skim to the thick 50mm of being not more than of slag, molten steel per ton adds lime 3-6Kg and fluorite 1-2Kg reproduces new slag.
The II processing finishes, and presses 2.5-3.5m/t and feeds silicon-calcium wire (Si rate of recovery 93-96% in the silicon-calcium wire), and under the not exposed prerequisite of steel face, the ladle bottom blowing argon flow amount is that 80-200L/min stirs churning time 〉=10min afterwards.
III departures composition quality per-cent:
C 0.27-0.28； Si 0.35-0.39； Mn 0.75-0.80； P≤0.006；
S≤0.002； Cr 1.10-1.20； Ni 0.25-0.30； Mo 0.25-0.30
V 0.045-0.055； Al 0.025-0.035； Cu 0.15-0.30； Ti≤0.02；
N≤0.0065; H≤0.00040; O≤0.0015; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Out-station temperature 1620-1640 ℃; Ladle spatial altitude 200-400mm; Slag is thick in 150mm.
(4), RH vacuum refinement furnace operating
Before this steel of I is processed, process first that 1 stove P content is not more than 0.010%, S content is not more than 0.005%, Ti content is not more than 0.01% steel, and the RH vacuum tank is carried out preheating.(molten steel of using after the thermal pretreatment, the normal continuous casting of molten steel or die casting.)
II dehydrogenated operation: the thermometric that enters the station, decide hydrogen, sampling; Thermometric, sampling behind the circulation 3min; Be not more than 3 * 10 in vacuum tightness
2The lower treatment time of Pa is no less than 20min, and process is not reinforced; Processing finishes, and the ladle bottom blowing argon gas stirs churning time 〉=8min with 80-200L/min flow blowing argon gas; Afterwards casting, pouring temperature 1535-1555 ℃.
III finished product composition quality per-cent:
C 0.22-0.29； Si 0.15-0.40； Mn 0.50-0.80； P≤0.008；
S≤0.005； Cr 0.90-1.20； Ni 0.20-0.30； Mo 0.20-0.30
V 0.03-0.06； Al 0.01-0.03； Cu 0.10-0.30； Ti≤0.02；
N≤0.0060； H≤0.00015； O≤0.0015；
All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
The above-mentioned high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end smelting process of steel, it is characterized in that: be S content to be not more than 0.060% molten iron pour in the pre-treatment tank in step () hot metal pretreatment, thermometric, sampling, lower spray gun, the rifle head is to 200mm place at the bottom of tank, molten iron winding-up passivation particle magnesium 0.5-0.7Kg per ton desulfurization, winding-up finishes thermometric, sampling, and S content is less than 0.005% in the molten iron; Then skim, slag is thick in 20mm.
Among the present invention:
The passivation particle magnesium physical and chemical index
Mg 〉=95%; S≤0.002%; H
2O≤0.5%; Granularity: 0.5～1.6mm;
Bulk density 〉=0.75g/cm
3Burning-point 〉=560 ℃;
Nickel content 99% in the nickelalloy; Molybdenum content 60% in the molybdenum alloy;
Copper content 99% in the copper alloy; CaO content is not less than 90% in the lime;
CaF in the fluorite
2Content is not less than 80%; Fe in the iron ore
20
3Content is not less than 90%;
Al content is not less than 99% in the aluminum shot; Al content is not less than 99% in the aluminium powder;
Si content 60%, Ca content 29%, core opaque amount are not less than 230g/m in the silicon-calcium wire;
Mn content 98%, P content are not more than 0.02% in the manganese metal;
Si content 75% in the ferrosilicon; V content 50% in the vanadium iron;
C content 8% in the high carbon ferro-chrome, Cr content 65%, P content is not more than 0.02%;
Moisture is not more than 0.5%, the C rate of recovery and presses 80-85% calculating in the carbon dust.
With the molten steel that this high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end is smelted with the smelting process of steel, the axletree steel billet of producing, P, S, H, O, N content are not more than respectively 0.005%, 0.002%, 0.00015%, 0.0015%, 0.0065%; Non-metallic inclusion A, B, C, D class carefully are that the rank sum is not more than 1.0 grades, and this steel can reach the high-speed railway passenger speed per hour greater than the specification of quality of 200 kilometers hole-bored axles from end to end with steel.
Embodiment
Describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but the specific embodiment of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment
The Production Flow Chart of the present embodiment is:
Take off P → skim → 180tLF stove (making new slag) → 180tRH vacuum refining furnace → die casting in 180t hot metal pretreatment → 180t converter → ladle
(1), hot metal pretreatment
The 180t molten iron of 1360 ℃ of S content 0.035%, temperature is poured in the pre-treatment tank, and lower spray gun, rifle head be to 200mm place at the bottom of tank, winding-up passivation particle magnesium 100Kg desulfurization, winding-up end, 1320 ℃ of molten iron temperatures, S content 0.003% in the molten iron; Then skim the thick 15mm of slag.
(2) converter smelting
I is blended into converter 180t and takes off the S molten iron, and 530Kg nickel plate, 850Kg molybdenum-iron and 390Kg copper coin add converter with the 30t steel scrap together with hopper.
II top rifle oxygen decarburization takes off C content in the molten steel to 0.08% the time, stops blowing, and 1/3 of slag pours slag ladle in the converter, adds lime 1200Kg and iron ore 1000Kg, with top rifle oxygen blast 650m
3
Add lime 1000Kg and fluorite 300Kg in the bag before the III tapping; Do not add alloy in the ladle; Tapping 5min, tapping whole process ladle bottom blowing takes off P with the argon gas stirring of flow 1200L/min; The tapping pushing off the slag, the thick 20mm of slag; Molten steel amount 192.7t, recovery rate of iron 91%.
After the IV tapping, molten steel chemical composition mass percent:
C 0.013；Si 0.01；Mn 0.03；P 0.008；Ni 0.27；Mo 0.26；Cu 0.20；
Ti 0.003; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
1579 ℃ of molten steel temperatures; Ladle spatial altitude 400mm.
The V end of tapping is skimmed to the thick 20mm of slag; Loss molten steel 1.6t skims.
(3), the LF stove is smelted
Add lime 2000Kg, fluorite 600Kg and aluminum shot 550Kg in the time of the I feeding temperature-raising in molten steel, be warming up to 1610 ℃ of power failures, add aluminium powder 100Kg, ladle bottom blowing stirs with flow 1300L/min blowing argon gas and takes off S; Add manganese metal 1540Kg, ferrosilicon 960Kg, vanadium iron 200Kg and high carbon ferro-chrome 3550Kg after taking off S, add carbon dust 350Kg (fixation of C content 93% in the carbon dust) according to C content in the molten steel at last; After the alloying, skim to the thick 50mm of slag, add lime 1000Kg and fluorite 300Kg reproduces new slag; Molten steel amount 195.7t.
The II processing finishes, and feeds the 600m silicon-calcium wire, and under the not exposed prerequisite of steel face, the ladle bottom blowing argon flow amount is that 150L/min stirs churning time 12min afterwards.
III departures composition quality per-cent:
C 0.28； Si 0.38； Mn 0.78； P 0.0015； S 0.001； Cr 1.12；
Ni 0.27； Mo 0.26； V 0.05； Al 0.03； Cu 0.20； Ti 0.003；
N 0.0055; H 0.00026; O 0.0010; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
1628 ℃ of temperature departures degree; Ladle spatial altitude 320mm; The thick 80mm of slag.
(4), RH vacuum refinement furnace operating
Before this steel of I is processed, process first 1 stove P process first 1 stove P content 0.009%,, the steel of S content 0.005%, Ti content 0.005%, the RH vacuum tank is carried out preheating.(molten steel of using after the thermal pretreatment, the normal continuous casting of molten steel or die casting.)
II dehydrogenated operation: the thermometric that enters the station, decide hydrogen, sampling; Thermometric, sampling behind the circulation 3min; In vacuum tightness 1.3 * 10
2Pa 23.5min of lower treatment time, process is not reinforced; Processing finishes, and the ladle bottom blowing argon gas stirs churning time 9min with 95L/min flow blowing argon gas; Afterwards casting, 1551 ℃ of pouring temperatures.
III finished product composition quality per-cent:
C 0.28； Si 0.36； Mn 0.75； P 0.002； S 0.0015； Cr 1.10；
Ni 0.26； Mo 0.26； V 0.05； Al 0.017； Cu 0.19； Ti 0.003；
N 0.0045; H 0.00005; O 0.0010; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
In the present embodiment:
The passivation particle magnesium physical and chemical index
Mg 97%; S 0.001%; H
2O 0.3%; Granularity 1.1mm; Bulk density 0.85g/cm
3
630 ℃ of burning-points;
Nickel content 99% in the nickelalloy; Molybdenum content 60% in the molybdenum alloy;
Copper content 99% in the copper alloy; CaO content 92% in the lime;
CaF in the fluorite
2Content 85%; Fe in the iron ore
2O
3Content 93%;
Al content 99% in the aluminum shot; Al content 99% in the aluminium powder;
Si content 60%, Ca content 29%, core opaque amount 236g/m in the silicon-calcium wire;
Mn content 98%, P content 0.015% in the manganese metal;
Si content 75% in the ferrosilicon; V content 50% in the vanadium iron;
C content 8% in the high carbon ferro-chrome, Cr content 65%, P content 0.02%;
Moisture is not more than 0.5%, the C rate of recovery by 82% calculating in the carbon dust.
Smelt the molten steel that with the present embodiment smelting process, the axletree steel billet of producing, P, S, H, O, N content are respectively 0.002%, 0.0015%, 0.00005%, 0.0010%, 0.0050%; Non-metallic inclusion A, B, C, D class carefully are 0.5 grade of rank sum, and this steel can reach the high-speed railway passenger speed per hour greater than the specification of quality of 200 kilometers hole-bored axles from end to end with steel.
Claims (2)
1. a high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end is with the smelting process of steel, and it comprises following step successively:
One, hot metal pretreatment
S content in the molten iron is taken off to below 0.005%;
Two, converter smelting
I is blended into the converter molten iron; Nickel, molybdenum, copper alloy add with hopper together with steel scrap, molten steel per ton with addition of nickelalloy 2.6-3.1Kg, add molybdenum-iron 4.3-5.1Kg, add copper coin 2.1-3.1Kg;
II top rifle oxygen decarburization when C content takes off 0.06-0.10% in the molten steel, stops blowing, pours the 1/3-2/3 of slag in the converter into slag ladle, and molten steel per ton adds lime 5-8Kg, adds iron ore 4-7Kg, and rear with top rifle oxygen blast, blowing oxygen quantity is molten steel 3-5m per ton
3
Bao Neijia lime and fluorite before the III tapping, molten steel per ton adds lime 5-8Kg, adds fluorite 1-2Kg; Do not add alloy in the ladle; Tapping whole process ladle bottom blowing takes off P with the argon gas stirring of flow 1000-1400L/min; The tapping pushing off the slag, the thick 20mm that is not more than of slag;
After the IV tapping, molten steel chemical composition mass percent:
C≥0.01；Si 0-0.02；Mn 0.01-0.06；P≤0.010；Ni 0.25-0.30；
Mo 0.25-0.30; Cu 0.20-0.30; Ti≤0.02; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity;
Molten steel temperature 1570-1590 ℃; Ladle spatial altitude 350-500mm;
After finishing, the V tapping skims the thick 20mm that is not more than of slag;
Three, the LF stove is smelted
In molten steel, add lime 9-11Kg, fluorite 2.8-3.4Kg and aluminum shot 2.8-3.6Kg by molten steel per ton in the time of the I feeding temperature-raising, be warming up to 1600-1620 ℃ of power failure, add aluminium powder 0.4-0.6Kg by molten steel per ton, ladle bottom blowing takes off S with the argon gas stirring of flow 1200-1400L/min; Molten steel per ton adds manganese metal 7.8-8.4Kg, ferrosilicon 4.7-5.2Kg, vanadium iron 0.94-1.15Kg and high carbon ferro-chrome 17.8-19.5Kg after taking off S, adds carbon dust according to C content in the molten steel at last; After the alloying, skim to the thick 50mm of being not more than of slag, molten steel per ton adds lime 3-6Kg and fluorite 1-2Kg reproduces new slag;
The II processing finishes, and presses 2.5-3.5m/t and feeds silicon-calcium wire, and under the not exposed prerequisite of steel face, the ladle bottom blowing argon flow amount is that 80-200L/min stirs churning time 〉=10min afterwards;
III departures composition quality per-cent:
C 0.27-0.28； Si 0.35-0.39； Mn 0.75-0.80： P≤0.006；
S≤0.002； Cr 1.10-1.20； Ni 0.25-0.30； Mo 0.25-0.30
V 0.045-0.055；Al 0.025-0.035； Cu 0.15-0.30； Ti≤0.02；
N≤0.0065; H≤0.00040; O≤0.0015; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity;
Out-station temperature 1620-1640 ℃; Ladle spatial altitude 200-400mm; Slag is thick in 150mm;
Four, RH vacuum refinement furnace operating
Before this steel of I is processed, process first that 1 stove P content is not more than 0.010%, S content is not more than 0.005%, Ti content is not more than 0.01% steel, and the RH vacuum tank is carried out preheating;
II dehydrogenated operation: the thermometric that enters the station, decide hydrogen, sampling; Thermometric, sampling behind the circulation 3min; Be not more than 3 * 10 in vacuum tightness
2The lower treatment time of Pa is no less than 20min, and process is not reinforced; Processing finishes, and the ladle bottom blowing argon gas stirs churning time 〉=8min with 80-200L/min flow blowing argon gas; Afterwards casting, pouring temperature 1535-1555 ℃;
III finished product composition quality per-cent:
C 0.22-0.29； Si 0.15-0.40； Mn 0.50-0.80； P≤0.008；
S≤0.005； Cr 0.90-1.20； Ni 0.20-0.30； Mo 0.20-0.30
V 0.03-0.06； Al 0.01-0.03； Cu 0.10-0.30； Ti ≤0.02；
N≤0.0060； H≤0.00015； O≤0.0015；
All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. high-speed railway passenger hole-bored axle from end to end according to claim 1 is with the smelting process of steel, it is characterized in that: described hot metal pretreatment is S content to be not more than 0.060% molten iron pour in the pre-treatment tank, thermometric, sampling, lower spray gun, the rifle head is to 200mm place at the bottom of tank, molten iron winding-up passivation particle magnesium 0.5-0.7Kg per ton desulfurization, winding-up finishes thermometric, sampling, and S content is less than 0.005% in the molten iron; Then skim, slag is thick in 20mm.
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