CN103013654A - Okra seed oil and extraction method thereof - Google Patents
Okra seed oil and extraction method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103013654A CN103013654A CN2013100017991A CN201310001799A CN103013654A CN 103013654 A CN103013654 A CN 103013654A CN 2013100017991 A CN2013100017991 A CN 2013100017991A CN 201310001799 A CN201310001799 A CN 201310001799A CN 103013654 A CN103013654 A CN 103013654A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- okra seed
- okra
- seed oil
- acid
- carried out
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000010488 okra seed oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 241001075517 Abelmoschus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960004232 linoleic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HXQHFNIKBKZGRP-URPRIDOGSA-N (5Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CC\C=C/CCCC(O)=O HXQHFNIKBKZGRP-URPRIDOGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004895 Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001030 Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HXQHFNIKBKZGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ranuncelin-saeure-methylester Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCCC=CCCCC(O)=O HXQHFNIKBKZGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002785 anti-thrombosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an okra seed oil and an extraction method of the okra seed oil. The extraction method comprises the following steps of: drying okra seeds, grinding the okra seeds, adding an extracting solvent, carrying out stirring extraction, reducing pressure for suction filtration, collecting filtrate, carrying out vacuum separation, and recovering the extracting solvent, thus obtaining the okra seed oil. The invention adopts a solvent method to extract the okra seed oil, so that the extraction method has the characteristics of high extraction rate, good product quality, small investment of production equipment, simple technology, easiness for industrial production, and the like; and the utilization problem of seeds in the comprehensive development of okra is effectively solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Vegetable oil lipoprotein field, relate to a kind of grease and extracting method thereof of okra seed.
Background technology
Okra belongs to Malvaceae Abelmoschus annual herb plant, is nutritious delicious vegetables, originates in Africa, and after the successful introduction of inland of China, cultivated area enlarges rapidly in recent years, and each surrounding city of the whole nation has cultivation now, and output is increased sharply.The okra flesh texture is tender, is of high nutritive value, and unique flavor is the important outlet new type of health vegetable variety of current China.Because ripening stage of okra capsule is short, as it is untimely to gather, meat is aging rapidly, and fiber increases, and edibleness namely reduces even not edible, and peasant household has to allow its tender fruit natural maturity, gathers in the crops its seed, i.e. okra seed.
Measuring after deliberation the okra seed oleaginousness is about 20%, and it forms take unsaturated fatty acids pinolenic acid and linolic acid as main, and content accounts for more than 60%, and wherein the polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid content is up to 40%.Studies show that unsaturated fatty acids has the important physiological function such as reducing blood-fat, antithrombotic, adjusting immunity system, so okra seed oil have the potentiality that are developed further into healthy edible vegetable oil.At present, the okra seed oil phase closes product and occurs not yet at home, and the extraction research of okra seed oil also has no report.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the extraction process of the okra seed oil that a kind of production cost is low, oil yield is high, dissolvent residual is little and obtain colory okra seed oil.
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of extracting method of okra seed oil is characterized in that it is comprised of following steps:
A. drying and crushing adopts hot air dryer that okra seed is carried out drying, and temperature of charge is controlled at 50～60 ℃, and dried okra seed water content is controlled at about 5%, then adopts pulverizer to pulverizing, and the control globule size is the 30-60 order;
B. lixiviate changes the okra seed dregs of rice after pulverizing in the container over to, adds the organic solvent sherwood oil, control solid-liquid ratio 1:(5～10), extracting temperature is 55～65 ℃, stirs and extracts 3.5～4.5h;
C. filter, the lixiviate mixture in the step (2) is carried out filtration under diminished pressure by filter, remove okra seed dregs of rice powder and other solid suspended substance, get extracting solution;
D. separate, extracting solution is carried out vacuum-evaporation separate under 30～45 ℃ of conditions, reclaim and extract solvent, namely make okra seed oil.
Such as the okra seed oil that present method makes, its product index is as follows.
The okra seed oil phase that uses this method to make is 0.8～0.9 to density, and refractive index is 1.4～1.5, and acid number is 1.5mg/g～3mg/g, and peroxide value is 0.5mmol/kg～1.5mmol/kg, and iodine number is 100gI
2/ 100g～110gI
2/ 100g, saponification value is 140mg/g～160mg/g, and unsaponifiables is 2%～5%, and lipid acid consists of palm fibre and puts acid 35%～38%, oleic acid 16%～18%, linolic acid 40%～43%, stearic acid 2%～4%.
Advantage of the present invention has been effectively to solve okra and has produced the utilize problem of later stage to seed, and extract by solvents okra seed oil extraction yield is high, good product quality, and small investment of production equipment, technique is simple, is easy to suitability for industrialized production.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention and embodiment thereof are described in further detail, but do not mean that and limit the scope of the invention.
To process the 10kg okra seed as example, described each step is as follows.
Embodiment 1
The okra seed that 10kg is cleaned up is 4% 60 ℃ of oven dry to moisture content, then is crushed to 30 orders; Okra seed after pulverizing is packed in the container, add the extraction solvent sherwood oil according to the amount of liquid-solid ratio 6:1 (L/kg), then under 65 ℃ temperature, stir and extract 4h; Mixture to okra seed powder and sherwood oil carries out suction filtration, collects filtrate, then filtrate is carried out vacuum evaporation at 45 ℃, reclaims extraction solvent, makes okra seed oil 1.52kg, and the extraction yield of okra seed oil is 84.4%.
Embodiment 2
The okra seed that 10kg is cleaned up is 5% 55 ℃ of oven dry to moisture content, then is crushed to 60 orders; Okra seed after pulverizing is packed in the container, add the extraction solvent sherwood oil according to the amount of liquid-solid ratio 8:1 (L/kg), then under 60 ℃ temperature, stir and extract 4.5h; Mixture to okra seed powder and sherwood oil carries out suction filtration, collects filtrate, then filtrate is carried out vacuum evaporation at 40 ℃, reclaims extraction solvent, makes okra seed oil 1.56kg, and the extraction yield of okra seed oil is 86.7%.
Get embodiment 2 and extract the okra seed oil that obtains and carry out analysis of physical and chemical property (various indexs all adopt National Standard Method to record), its specific targets are as follows:
Relative density is 0.8～0.9, and refractive index is 1.4～1.5, and acid number is 1.5mg/g～3mg/g, and peroxide value is 0.5mmol/kg～1.5mmol/kg, and iodine number is 100gI
2/ 100g～110gI
2/ 100g, saponification value is 140mg/g～160mg/g, and unsaponifiables is 2%～5%, and lipid acid consists of palm fibre and puts acid 35%～38%, oleic acid 16%～18%, linolic acid 40%～43%, stearic acid 2%～4%.
Claims (1)
1. an okra seed oil and extracting method thereof is characterized in that it is comprised of following processing step:
(1) drying and crushing adopts hot air dryer that okra seed is carried out drying, and temperature of charge is controlled at 50～60 ℃, and dried okra seed water content is controlled at about 5%, then adopts pulverizer to pulverizing, and the control globule size is the 30-60 order;
(2) lixiviate changes the okra seed dregs of rice after pulverizing in the container over to, adds the organic solvent sherwood oil, control solid-liquid ratio 1:(5～10), extracting temperature is 55～65 ℃, stirs and extracts 3.5～4.5h;
(3) filter, the lixiviate mixture in the step (2) is carried out filtration under diminished pressure by filter, remove okra seed dregs of rice powder and other solid suspended substance, get extracting solution;
(4) separate, extracting solution is carried out vacuum-evaporation separate under 30～45 ℃ of conditions, reclaim and extract solvent, namely make okra seed oil;
(5) product index, the okra seed oil phase that uses this method to make is 0.8～0.9 to density, and refractive index is 1.4～1.5, and acid number is 1.5mg/g～3mg/g, and peroxide value is 0.5mmol/kg～1.5mmol/kg, iodine number is 1008I
2/ 100g～1108I
2/ 100g, saponification value is 140mg/g～160mg/g, and unsaponifiables is 2%～5%, and lipid acid consists of palm fibre and puts acid 35%～38%, oleic acid 16%～18%, linolic acid 40%～43%, stearic acid 2%～4%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013100017991A CN103013654A (en) | 2013-01-05 | 2013-01-05 | Okra seed oil and extraction method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013100017991A CN103013654A (en) | 2013-01-05 | 2013-01-05 | Okra seed oil and extraction method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103013654A true CN103013654A (en) | 2013-04-03 |
Family
ID=47962772
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013100017991A Pending CN103013654A (en) | 2013-01-05 | 2013-01-05 | Okra seed oil and extraction method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103013654A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103891919A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-07-02 | 湖南奇异生物科技有限公司 | Abelmoschus esculentus seed oil enriched in lipid-soluble vitamins and preparation method thereof |
| CN104255954A (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2015-01-07 | 焦作市七月花生物科技有限公司 | Abelmoschus manihot(L.) Medic. compound base seed oil and preparation method and application of abelmoschus manihot(L.) Medic. compound base seed oil |
| CN104342282A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-02-11 | 台建祥 | Method for preparing functional grease and active protein powder from abelmoschus manilhot |
| CN104498179A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-08 | 贵州航天乌江机电设备有限责任公司 | Method for extracting okra seed oil |
| CN106035757A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-10-26 | 河南洛阳红牡丹产业研发有限公司 | Preparation method of peony seed and okra seed oil |
| CN106520361A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-03-22 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Comprehensive processing method for abelmoschus esculentus seeds |
| CN106635417A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2017-05-10 | 丹阳华都园艺有限公司 | Method for extracting okra essential oil |
| CN105238595B (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2018-08-24 | 金陵科技学院 | A kind of okra beauty soap and preparation method thereof |
| CN108977024A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-12-11 | 雅图高新材料有限公司 | A kind of low VOC two part solvent type finishing coat and preparation method thereof |
| CN109793261A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-24 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of preparation method and application of yellow sunflower extract for tobacco |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4059604A (en) * | 1976-11-29 | 1977-11-22 | Kresse Herman J | Separation of mature okra seed into component fractions |
| CN101496543A (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-05 | 李俊卿 | Edible oil and health product prepared using Abelmoschus esculentus as raw material |
| CN101703539A (en) * | 2009-11-26 | 2010-05-12 | 王露清 | Method for extracting okra by using supercritical carbon dioxide |
-
2013
- 2013-01-05 CN CN2013100017991A patent/CN103013654A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4059604A (en) * | 1976-11-29 | 1977-11-22 | Kresse Herman J | Separation of mature okra seed into component fractions |
| CN101496543A (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-05 | 李俊卿 | Edible oil and health product prepared using Abelmoschus esculentus as raw material |
| CN101703539A (en) * | 2009-11-26 | 2010-05-12 | 王露清 | Method for extracting okra by using supercritical carbon dioxide |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 田科巍，等: "黄秋葵籽油脂提取工艺优化及组分分析", 《合肥工业大学学报（自然科学版）》 * |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104342282A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-02-11 | 台建祥 | Method for preparing functional grease and active protein powder from abelmoschus manilhot |
| CN103891919A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-07-02 | 湖南奇异生物科技有限公司 | Abelmoschus esculentus seed oil enriched in lipid-soluble vitamins and preparation method thereof |
| CN104255954A (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2015-01-07 | 焦作市七月花生物科技有限公司 | Abelmoschus manihot(L.) Medic. compound base seed oil and preparation method and application of abelmoschus manihot(L.) Medic. compound base seed oil |
| CN104498179A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-08 | 贵州航天乌江机电设备有限责任公司 | Method for extracting okra seed oil |
| CN105238595B (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2018-08-24 | 金陵科技学院 | A kind of okra beauty soap and preparation method thereof |
| CN106635417A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2017-05-10 | 丹阳华都园艺有限公司 | Method for extracting okra essential oil |
| CN106035757A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-10-26 | 河南洛阳红牡丹产业研发有限公司 | Preparation method of peony seed and okra seed oil |
| CN106520361A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-03-22 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Comprehensive processing method for abelmoschus esculentus seeds |
| CN108977024A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-12-11 | 雅图高新材料有限公司 | A kind of low VOC two part solvent type finishing coat and preparation method thereof |
| CN108977024B (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2020-11-24 | 雅图高新材料股份有限公司 | Low-VOC (volatile organic compound) double-component solvent-based finish paint and preparation method thereof |
| CN109793261A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-24 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of preparation method and application of yellow sunflower extract for tobacco |
| CN109793261B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-12-01 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of preparation method and application of yellow sunflower extract for tobacco |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103013654A (en) | Okra seed oil and extraction method thereof | |
| CN103305334A (en) | Method for extracting tea oil by cold pressing and solvent leaching technique in stages | |
| CN104087424B (en) | The method that one step extracts, separates fresh peony flower quintessence oil, aqueous solution, lipid | |
| CN104031737A (en) | Pressing process for preparing camellia oil purely physically | |
| CN102388987B (en) | Ultrasound-assisted tea oil extraction method | |
| CN104479856A (en) | Traditional sesame oil hydraulic preparation process | |
| CN103952011B (en) | A kind of Hylocereus undatus prepares the method for High color values beet red pigment | |
| CN104450164A (en) | Method for preparing oil from high-quality rapeseeds with high content of oil under low-temperature and low-moisture conditions | |
| CN101880594A (en) | Preparation method of high oleic acid virgin peanut oil | |
| CN104212629A (en) | Method for extracting linseed oil by cold pressing with salt-water wetting | |
| CN103756782A (en) | Vegetable oil preparation method | |
| CN103396878A (en) | Preparation method of low-temperature cold-pressed peanut oil | |
| CN102268325A (en) | Cold-pressing extraction method of grape seed oil | |
| CN105038947A (en) | Supercritical extraction method of walnut oil | |
| CN103694205A (en) | Method for extracting Vc from sea buckthorn | |
| CN104560370A (en) | Preparation method of original ecological tea seed oil | |
| CN105132138A (en) | Processing technology for camellia seeds | |
| CN108624401A (en) | A kind of health-care peony seed oil and its production technology | |
| CN106467855A (en) | Peony seed oil supercritical CO 2 extraction technology | |
| CN105132127A (en) | Processing method used for producing sunflower seed oil | |
| CN107653056A (en) | A kind of deep working method of camellia oil | |
| CN102653701A (en) | Method for extracting suaeda salsa seed oil | |
| CN101787328A (en) | Extraction method of Salicorne seed oil | |
| CN101411363A (en) | Raspberry seed oil product and extraction method | |
| CN104120028A (en) | Method for extracting passion fruit seed oil |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20130403 |