CN103012401A - 蒽醌多吡啶配体及钌-蒽醌配合物的制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
蒽醌多吡啶配体及钌-蒽醌配合物的制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明介绍了蒽醌多吡啶配体合成及蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物的合成方法与运用,发现蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物对乏氧细胞生长具有很好的抑制活性,并且在乏氧细胞体内经还原产生明显的荧光,因此,这类化合物是一类新型的生物还原型乏氧细胞抗癌药物和特异性荧光探针,是一类具有应用价值的以肿瘤乏氧为作用靶点的药物和荧光探针。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在乏氧细胞的抗癌药物和荧光成像探针方面的应用,具体涉及一类新的蒽醌配体及蒽醌钌配合物的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
实体瘤乏氧一直是困扰医学家的一个难题。因为癌组织中的缺氧细胞会抗拒放疗和化疗 从而导致治疗失败。针对缺氧肿瘤细胞这一特点发展了很多方法来实现特异性杀伤,其中生物还原剂类药物就是一类能够利用细胞内氧环境来特异杀伤缺氧肿瘤细胞的药物。这类药物在体内经过还原活化以后能够产生活性氧基团或烷化基团,进而对胞内生物大分子如DNA和蛋白质产生损伤,从而杀伤癌细胞,其中具有醌类结构的药物是目前国际上,尤其在美国应用最多的一类抗癌药物(Mol. Cancer Ther. 2006, 5, 962-968; Cancer cell 2004, 6, 33-37)。醌类化合物经一电子还原生成半醌阴离子或二电子还原形成氢醌阴离子片段。这些阴离子可使 DNA 氧化断裂, 杀死肿瘤细胞(CancerTreat Rev. 2004, 30, 437-449)。如天然产物丝裂霉素 C、喹啉醌、链黑菌素及蒽醌和阿霉素等都是当前在临床使用的抗肿瘤药物, 部分含天然产物的醌结构的化合物如吲哚醌 EO9、蒽醌AQ4N及苯醌RH-1(Cancer research 2000, 60, 6384-6390)在体内和体外肿瘤细胞中都表现出高的细胞毒活性, 这些化合物目前已进入临床试验阶段。因此,研究合成以肿瘤乏氧为作用靶点的药物具有非常大的价值意义。
经研究发现金属配合物具有以下优良的优点(J. Am. Chem. Soc.2004, 126, 14129-14135):一方面,与有机化合物相比,金属配离子本身带电荷,可增加化合物的溶解性,从某种程度上讲进入肿瘤体内更加容易。另一方面,凭借着其优良的光物理和光化学性质,用于荧光成像方面具有其独特的优点。近年来,钌多吡啶配合物在细胞荧光成像方面得到广泛的研究。部分钌多吡啶配合物在水溶液中没有荧光,但进入肿瘤细胞后,荧光大大增强,具有明显的荧光染料作用。这种具有荧光染料作用的钌配合物具有背景荧光低、结构稳定、水溶性强、毒性小等优点,可直接用于细胞染料的研究(J.Inorg.Biochem. 2010, 104, 217-220)。
钌蒽醌类化合物是一类新型的生物还原型乏氧细胞抗癌药物和特异性荧光探针,首先蒽醌在体内还原产物对乏氧细胞具有杀伤力,对乏氧细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用。其次,在体外水溶液中是不发射荧光,但进入乏氧细胞(1% O2 )体内作用后,蒽醌被细胞内还原酶还原,荧光大大增强,具有明显的靶向乏氧细胞荧光成像作用。
本专利介绍了具有良好还原性能的蒽醌配体的钌多吡啶配合物对乏氧细胞生长具有很好的抑制活性,并且在乏氧细胞体内经还原产生明显的荧光,具有良好的靶向厌氧细胞荧光成像作用。是一种具有价值意义的以肿瘤乏氧为作用靶点的药物和荧光探针。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于以下几项:提供一类蒽醌配体及蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物,以及其制备方法和应用。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现上述目的:
发明提供了一种蒽醌多吡啶配体,其特征在于结构式如式Ⅰ所示:
其中R=H,或R=CH3,或R=C(CH3)3。
为了便于表述,本文中不同取代基的化合物分别命名或表示如下:
蒽醌多吡啶配体中,三种不同取代基的化合物分别简记为a, b, c,具体如下:
上述的蒽醌多吡啶配体的制备方法,是由1,10-邻菲罗啉二酮、2-甲醛基-9,10-蒽醌、苯胺类化合物和醋酸铵反应制得;所述的苯胺类化合物为苯胺、对甲基苯胺或对叔丁基苯胺(分别对应制得化合物a, b, c)。具体地说:取1,10-邻菲罗啉二酮,2-甲醛基-9,10-蒽醌,苯胺,醋酸铵于冰醋酸加热回流反应,获得的混合物为黄色澄清液,冷却至室温;将反应混合物倒入盛有甲醇溶液中,产生黄色沉淀,过滤得到配体a; 取1,10-邻菲罗啉二酮,2-甲醛基-9,10-蒽醌,对甲基苯胺,醋酸铵于冰醋酸加热回流反应,获得的混合物为亮黄色澄清液,冷却至室温;将反应混合物倒入盛有甲醇溶液中,产生橙黄色沉淀,过滤得到配体b; 取1,10-邻菲罗啉二酮,2-甲醛基-9,10-蒽醌,对叔丁基苯胺,醋酸铵于冰醋酸加热回流反应,获得的混合物为深黄色澄清液,冷却至室温;将反应混合物倒入盛有甲醇溶液中,产生橙黄色沉淀,过滤得到配体c。
所述的加热回流反应时间为20-24 h。
作为一具体实施方案,上述钌蒽醌多吡啶配体a的制备步骤如下:称取1,10-邻菲罗啉二酮 (0.212 g, 1 mmol),2-甲醛基-9,10-蒽醌 (0.236g, 1mmol),苯胺 (0.25 mL, 1.2 mmol),醋酸铵 (0.949 g, 12.23 mmol)于10 mL冰醋酸加热回流24 h后停止反应,混合物为黄色澄清液,冷却至室温。将反应混合物倒入盛有甲醇溶液中,产生黄色沉淀,真空抽滤,得蒽醌多吡啶配体。
发明进一步提供了一种蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物,其结构式如式II所示:
其中R=H,或R=CH3,或R=C(CH3)3。
为了便于表达,上述的蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物,三种不同取代基的化合物分别简记为1a, 1b, 1c,具体如下:
上述蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物的制备方法,由cis-[Ru(bpy)2Cl2]·2H2O(Inorgan. Chem., 1978, 3334.)和如权利要求1所述的蒽醌多吡啶配体反应制得。
具体地说:取cis-[Ru(bpy)2Cl2]·2H2O和权利要求1所述的蒽醌多吡啶配体,于乙二醇反应,氩气保护,加热回流反应,反应结束后,冷却,加入饱和NaClO4水溶液(质量分数为66.7%),析出红色固体。析出的红色固体进一步抽滤干燥得到粗产品,再经过氧化铝柱色谱分离提纯,用甲苯/乙腈混合溶液洗脱,洗脱液真空旋干,得到蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物。
所述的回流反应为6-8h,所述的混合溶液为V(甲苯):V(乙腈) = 1:2。
作为一种实施方案,上述几种蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物的制备步骤如下:先制备cis-[Ru(bpy)2Cl2]·2H2O和配体a,b, c。然后按计量摩尔比称取cis-[Ru(bpy)2Cl2]·2H2O和配体a,b, c于10ml乙二醇反应,氩气保护,加热回流8h,待溶液冷却后,加入NaClO4水溶液,析出红色固体。抽滤干燥的粗产品经过氧化铝柱色谱分离提纯,用V(甲苯):V(乙腈) = 1:2洗脱。洗脱液真空旋干,得深红色固体。其中配体a,b, c为2-(苯基咪唑并[4,5-f][1,10]菲啰啉-2-)蒽醌, 2-(甲苯基咪唑并[4,5-f][1,10]菲啰啉-2-)蒽醌, 2-(叔丁基苯基咪唑并[4,5-f][1,10]菲啰啉-2-)蒽醌。
本发明所获得的蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物可应用于乏氧细胞杀伤和乏氧细胞荧光成像。
经研究表明,本发明的上述蒽醌钌配合物1a, 1b, 1c在乏氧条件下(1% O2),肿瘤细胞具有良好的杀伤作用, 细胞毒性IC50值为7.32μM。并且蒽醌钌配合物在体外水溶液中是不发射荧光的,而进入乏氧细胞内,蒽醌在细胞内被还原后,产生很强的荧光。具有很好的靶向乏氧细胞荧光成像作用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明所涉及的蒽醌多吡啶配体分子结构小,合成方法简单,由其衍生的蒽醌钌(II)配合物,结构稳定,水溶性好。并且这种配合物含有生物还原剂基团—蒽醌配体,能够利用细胞内乏氧环境来特异杀伤缺氧肿瘤细胞。另外,蒽醌钌配合物在体外未被还原时,是没有荧光的,但是进入乏氧细胞体内的被还原就有荧光的产生,因而其同时可以作为生物还原型乏氧特异性荧光探针。是一类具有价值意义的以乏氧肿瘤为作用靶点的药物和荧光探针。
附图说明
图 1 本专利的蒽醌多吡啶配体分子结构;
图 2 本专利的蒽醌钌配合物分子结构;
图 3 配体和配合物的合成途径;
图 4 配合物1a,1b,1c乏氧细胞荧光成像实验。
具体实施方式
实施例1 配体和配合物的制备方法
(1) 2-甲醛基-9,10-蒽醌的合成
可以参照(J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 5690-5695)合成方法,在150 mL的圆底烧瓶中加入2-羟甲基蒽醌2.0 g (8 mmol),100 mL的二氯甲烷,再加入2.6 g (12 mmol)氯铬酸吡啶嗡盐 (PCC),在室温下搅拌12 h。过滤掉多余的 PCC,减压旋蒸干溶剂。先用75 mL 蒸馏水洗,再用二氯甲烷 (3×75 mL)分三次萃取。减压蒸出溶剂,过硅胶柱,用甲苯:二氯甲烷 = 1:5洗脱。产率98%。
(2) 2-(苯基咪唑并[4,5-f][1,10]菲啰啉-2-)蒽醌(a)合成
称取1,10-邻菲罗啉二酮(0.212 g, 1 mmol),2-甲醛基-9,10-蒽醌 (0.236g, 1mmol),苯胺 (0.25 mL, 1.2 mmol),醋酸铵 (0.949 g, 12.23 mmol)于10 mL冰醋酸加热回流24 h后停止反应,混合物为黄色澄清液,冷却至室温。将反应混合物倒入盛有甲醇溶液中,产生黄色沉淀,真空抽滤得橙黄色固体。 产率:81.2%。元素分析C33H18N4O2(分子量 502.5),实验值:C, 78.88; H, 3.61; N, 11.17; O, 6.34;理论值:C, 78.87; H, 3.61; N, 11.15; O, 6.37. FAB-MS: m/z = 503(C33H18N4O2)。
(3) 2-(甲苯基咪唑并[4,5-f][1,10]菲啰啉-2-)蒽醌(b)合成
称取1,10-邻菲罗啉二酮 (0.212 g, 1 mmol),2-甲醛基-9,10-蒽醌(0.236g, 1mmol),对甲基苯胺(0.22 mL, 1.2 mmol),醋酸铵 (0.949 g, 12.23 mmol)于10 mL冰醋酸加热回流24 h后停止反应,混合物为黄色澄清液,冷却至室温。将反应混合物倒入盛有甲醇溶液中,产生黄色沉淀,真空抽滤得黄色固体。产率:80.2%。
元素分析C34H20N4O2 (分子量 516.6),实验值:C, 79.08; H, 3.91; N, 10.80; O, 6.21;理论值:C, 79.06; H, 3.90; N, 10.85; O, 6.19. FAB-MS: m/z = 517(C34H20N4O2)。
(4) 2-(叔丁基苯基咪唑并[4,5-f][1,10]菲啰啉-2-)蒽醌(c)的合成
称取1,10-邻菲罗啉二酮 (0.212 g, 1 mmol),2-甲醛基-9,10-蒽醌 (0.236g, 1mmol),对叔丁基苯胺 (0.20 mL, 1.2 mmol), 醋酸铵 (0.949 g, 12.23 mmol)于10 mL冰醋酸加热回流24 h后停止反应,混合物为黄色澄清液,冷却至室温。将反应混合物倒入盛有甲醇溶液中,产生黄色沉淀,真空抽滤得亮黄色固体。产率:79.2%。元素分析C37H26N4O2 (分子量 558.6),实验值:C, 79.57; H, 4.70; N, 10.05; O, 5.74;理论值:C, 79.55; H, 4.69; N, 10.03; O, 5.73。FAB-MS: m/z = 559 (C37H26N4O2)。
(5) 配合物1a的合成
按计量摩尔比称取cis-[Ru(bpy)2Cl2]·2H2O和配体a于10ml乙二醇反应,氩气保护,加热回流8h,待溶液冷却后,加入NaClO4水溶液,析出红色固体。抽滤干燥的粗产品经过氧化铝柱色谱分离提纯,用V(甲苯):V(乙腈) = 1:2冲下。真空干燥,得深红色固体,产率82%。元素分析C53H34N8O2Ru (分子量 916),实验值:C,69.51; H,3.75; N, 12.25; O, 3.48;Ru, 11.04; 理论值:C, 69.50; H, 3.74; N, 12.23; O, 3.49; Ru, 11.03. ES-MS (CH3CN) m/z: 458[M-2ClO4]2+, 915.9 [M-2ClO4+H]+。
(6) 配合物1b的合成
合成方法同1a,用配体b取代a,其他步骤相同。产率74%。元素分析C54H36N8O2Ru (分子量 930),实验值:C, 69.75; H, 3.91; N, 12.07; O, 3.45; Ru, 10.86;理论值:C, 69.74; H, 3.90; N, 12.05; O, 3.44; Ru, 10.87. ES-MS(CH3CN) m/z: 465[M-2ClO4]2+, 930.0 [M-2ClO4+H]+。
(7) 配合物1c的合成
合成方法同1a,用配体c取代a,其他步骤相同。产率80%。元素分析C57H42N8O2Ru (分子量 972),实验值:C, 70.40; H, 4.39; N, 11.52; O, 3.30; Ru, 10.40;理论值:C, 70.43; H, 4.36; N, 11.53; O, 3.29; Ru, 10.40. ES-MS (CH3CN) m/z: 486. [M-2ClO4]2+, 972.0 [M-2ClO4+H]+。
实施例2细胞毒性MTT实验
取对数生长期的肿瘤细胞,调整细胞密度5×103个/ml,接种于 96孔培养板中,实验各样品均为100,50,25,12.5,6.25,3.125μM共 6个浓度。每个浓度设4个复孔,对照设8个以上复孔。实验样品以DMSO助溶,用 DMEM培养液稀释。24小时加样后,仍将细胞置于 37℃, 5% CO2, 1%O2 厌氧培养箱内继续培养48小时,然后加MTT,再继续培养4小时,吸去上清液,每孔加150μL DMSO,用酶联免疫检测仪在 490nm波长测各孔吸光度,计算细胞增殖抑制率。求出IC50 值 (抑制率等于50%的时候的药物浓度)。结果如表1所示。
实施例3配合物1a,1b,1c乏氧细胞荧光成像实验
细胞培养:Hela细胞在含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中培养, 细胞(5Xl08/L) 接种在6孔板中,5% CO2和1%O2厌氧条件下,37oC培养,贴壁生长24小时。然后Hela细胞分别与配合物1a,1b,1c(7.5μM)培育0, 0.5h, 1h, 3h。吸出培养液,然后用PBS缓冲液洗涤2-3次,在荧光显微镜下成像。结果如图4所示。随着配合物与细胞培育时间的增加,配合物进入细胞的量就增多,从而荧光就增强
Claims (9)
2.如权利要求1所述的蒽醌多吡啶配体的制备方法,其特征在于由1,10-邻菲罗啉二酮、2-甲醛基-9,10-蒽醌、苯胺类化合物和醋酸铵反应制得;所述的苯胺类化合物为苯胺、对甲基苯胺或对叔丁基苯胺。
3.如权利要求2所述的蒽醌多吡啶配体的制备方法,其特征在于:
当R=H时:取1,10-邻菲罗啉二酮,2-甲醛基-9,10-蒽醌,苯胺,醋酸铵于冰醋酸加热回流反应,获得的混合物为黄色澄清液,冷却至室温;将反应混合物倒入盛有甲醇溶液中,产生黄色沉淀,过滤得到蒽醌多吡啶配;
R=CH3时:取1,10-邻菲罗啉二酮,2-甲醛基-9,10-蒽醌,对甲基苯胺,醋酸铵于冰醋酸加热回流反应,获得的混合物为亮黄色澄清液,冷却至室温;将反应混合物倒入盛有甲醇溶液中,产生橙黄色沉淀,过滤得到蒽醌多吡啶配;
当R=C(CH3)3时:取1,10-邻菲罗啉二酮,2-甲醛基-9,10-蒽醌,对叔丁基苯胺,醋酸铵于冰醋酸加热回流反应,获得的混合物为深黄色澄清液,冷却至室温;将反应混合物倒入盛有甲醇溶液中,产生橙黄色沉淀,过滤得蒽醌多吡啶配。
4.如权利要求3所述的蒽醌多吡啶配体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的加热回流反应时间为20-24 h。
5.蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物,其特征在于结构式如式II所示:
其中R=H,或R=CH3,或R=C(CH3)3。
6.如权利要求5所述的蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物的制备方法,其特征在于由cis-[Ru(bpy)2Cl2]·2H2O和如权利要求1所述的蒽醌多吡啶配体反应制得。
7.如权利要求5所述的蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物的制备方法,其特征在于:取cis-[Ru(bpy)2Cl2]·2H2O和权利要求1所述的蒽醌多吡啶配体,于乙二醇反应,氩气保护,加热回流反应,反应结束后,冷却,加入饱和NaClO4水溶液,析出红色固体。
8.如权利要求7所述的蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物的制备方法,其特征在于析出的红色固体进一步抽滤干燥得到粗产品,再经过氧化铝柱色谱分离提纯,用甲苯/乙腈混合溶液洗脱,洗脱液真空旋干,得到蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物;所述的回流反应为6-8h,所述的混合溶液为V(甲苯):V(乙腈) = 1:2。
9.权利要求6所述蒽醌钌多吡啶配合物在乏氧细胞杀伤和乏氧细胞荧光成像中的应用。
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