CN103012023B - Emulsifying agent for industrial explosive and preparation method of emulsifying agent - Google Patents
Emulsifying agent for industrial explosive and preparation method of emulsifying agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN103012023B CN103012023B CN201210540559.4A CN201210540559A CN103012023B CN 103012023 B CN103012023 B CN 103012023B CN 201210540559 A CN201210540559 A CN 201210540559A CN 103012023 B CN103012023 B CN 103012023B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an emulsifying agent for industrial explosive and a preparation method of the emulsifying agent. A macromolecule emulsifying agent with a good emulsifying property and high emulsifying stability is obtained by using a lactonized product of polyolefin anhydride as an acylating agent to react with one or a plurality of alkylol amines, polyene polyamines or polyhydric alcohols. An emulsion explosive and a powdery emulsion explosive prepared by the macromolecule emulsifying agent have the advantages of high explosive property and long storage time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of emulsifying agent that can be used for industrial explosive and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Emulsion explosive is the water-bearing explosive grown up 60 ~ seventies of 20th century, the features such as it has a water resisting property by force, density is large, security good, production technique is simple.No matter the technology of preparing of emulsion explosive, or the stability of emulsion explosive, emulsifying agent all plays very important effect.Emulsifying agent at present for emulsion explosive mainly contains Span-80 and polyisobutene succinimide class emulsifying agent two kinds.Span-80 is used for the emulsifying agent of emulsion explosive as the first-generation, molecular weight is little, there is the advantage easily becoming breast, be applicable to the continuous production technology of emulsion explosive, but because its Hydrophile-Lipophile group adjustment degree is little, the compactness forming film at water-oil interface is poor, adds again molecular structure irregularity, instability, the more difficult control of quality, the less stable of the emulsion explosive of thus this kind of emulsifying agent production.
Polyisobutene succinimide class emulsifying agent (representative products T series) can form three-dimensional network structure, be conducive to the raising of Emulsion Explosive Stability, but it is sterically hindered larger, and hydrophilic radical is few, so emulsifying power is lower, need higher stirring intensity could form good emulsifying state.
For the shortcoming of emulsifying agent used in current industrial explosive, expert both domestic and external, scholar have carried out large quantifier elimination.Patent US 4931110 discloses a kind of emulsifying agent, and its feature is that the molecular weight of acylating agent polyisobutene used is less than 550, and polar functional group is monoethanolamine, trihydroxy methyl aminomethane or other alcohol, amine.Be ester or amide structure between acylating agent and polar end.Patent US 4818309 discloses a kind of emulsifier in emulsion explosives, and its feature is acylating agent polyisobutene molecular weight used is 1200, and polar functional group is thanomin, and the molar ratio of acylating agent and thanomin is 1:1.The synthesis technique of acylating agent is chloridization process.Patent US4708753 discloses a kind of emulsifying agent, and its feature is that acylating agent used oil soluble group contains 30 to 500 carbon, and polar functional group is monoethanolamine, trihydroxy methyl aminomethane or other alcohol, amine.Be ester or amide structure between acylating agent and polar end.Patent US 5500062 discloses a kind of emulsifier in emulsion explosives, and the mixture of its feature to be the molecular weight of acylating agent polyisobutene used be 1000 and 450, polar functional group is thanomin, and the molar ratio of acylating agent and thanomin is 1:1 ~ 2.
, all there is emulsification condition requirement high in the emulsifying agent involved by above-mentioned patent, the shortcoming of prepared Storage Stability of Emulsion Explosive difference.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the defect overcoming prior art, provide a kind of unlike the prior art, be easy to emulsification, effectively can improve the emulsifying agent of Emulsion Explosive Stability.
The technical solution realizing the object of the invention is: a kind of industrial explosive emulsifying agent and preparation method thereof; it is characterized in that emulsifying agent is with the product of polyolefine acid anhydrides through lactonizing for acylating agent, the product obtained with one or more hydramine or polyamines polyene or polyol reaction.Wherein acylating agent has following structure:
or
In formula, R is low-carbon (LC) polyolefine, and its number-average molecular weight is 300 ~ 3000; R* is hydrogen or methyl.
Polyolefine in described polyolefine acid anhydrides is selected from the one in polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyisobutene, ethylene-propylene copolymer.
Acid anhydrides in described polyolefine acid anhydrides is selected from maleic anhydride and fumaric acid anhydride.
Described hydramine is selected from the mixture of one or two or more kinds in monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, trolamine, Mono Methyl Ethanol Amine, dimethylethanolamine.
Described polyamines polyene is selected from the mixture of one or two or more kinds in diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine; Polyvalent alcohol is selected from the mixture of one or two or more kinds in tetramethylolmethane, Sorbitol Powder, ethylene glycol, glycerol.
The preparation method of emulsifying agent provided by the invention comprises:
1) polyolefine being 300 ~ 3000 by the number-average molecular weight of holding alkene content to be greater than 70% is heated to 100 ~ 150 DEG C; add excessive acid anhydrides; at 180 ~ 240 DEG C of reaction 2 ~ 10h; nitrogen is passed into as shielding gas in reaction process; reaction, to the basic complete reaction of polyolefine, is deviate from unreacted acid anhydrides and was both obtained polyolefine acid anhydrides.
2) polyolefine acid anhydrides is cooled to 40 ~ 80 DEG C, adds water and acid catalyst, be warming up to 90 ~ 120 DEG C, reaction 0.5 ~ 2h, add sodium carbonate reaction 0.5 ~ 2h, obtain the polyolefine lactone carboxylic acid acylating agent lactonized.
3) at 100 ~ 150 DEG C; in polyolefine lactone carboxylic acid acylating agent, add hydramine or polyamines polyene or polyvalent alcohol or its mixture, be warming up to 170 ~ 200 DEG C, reaction 2 ~ 7h; pass into nitrogen in reaction process as shielding gas, reaction terminates to obtain required emulsifying agent.
Described acid catalyst is selected from the one in hydrochloric acid (mass concentration 37%), the vitriol oil (mass concentration 98%), phosphoric acid (mass concentration 52%).
The present invention adds acid anhydrides by mol ratio 1:1.2 ~ 4 of polyolefine and acid anhydrides; Water is added by mol ratio 1:0.5 ~ 3 of polyolefine acid anhydrides and water; Acid catalyst is added by mol ratio 1:0.25 ~ 2 of polyolefine acid anhydrides and acid catalyst; Sodium carbonate is added by mol ratio 1:0.5 ~ 2 of acid catalyst and sodium carbonate; Hydramine or polyamines polyene or polyvalent alcohol is added by mol ratio 1:0.3 ~ 1.5 of polyolefine lactone Carboxylic acid and alcohol amine or polyamines polyene or polyvalent alcohol.
The nitrogen pressure passed in polyolefine and anhydride reaction process is 0.01 ~ 0.2Mpa.
The nitrogen pressure passed in polyolefine lactone Carboxylic acid and alcohol amine or polyamines polyene or polyol reaction process is 0.01 ~ 0.2Mpa.
Emulsifying agent of the present invention compared with existing emulsifying agent, its remarkable advantage: (1) emulsifying agent has good emulsifying performance, emulsifying stability, and prepared emulsion explosive has higher performance and stability in storage.(2) compared with polyisobutene succinimide class emulsifying agent, use emulsifying agent of the present invention, emulsifier can be reduced, corresponding reduction explosive cost (3) emulsifying agent of the present invention in use, only need lower emulsification rotating speed can form stable emulsion matrix, so improve the intrinsic safety in explosive production process.(4) emulsifying agent preparation method of the present invention is simple, and raw material is easy to get, without the need to carrying out precise hard_drawn tuhes to reaction process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the emulsion explosive sample high/low temperature cycling condition in high/low temperature storage test adopting emulsifying agent of the present invention to prepare.
Embodiment
Further illustrate below by specific embodiment.
embodiment 1:add 150g polyisobutene (Mn=1000) in a kettle., be heated to 130 DEG C, add 16g maleic anhydride, logical nitrogen to pressure is 0.1mpa, be warming up to 200 DEG C, lead to the unreacted maleic anhydride of nitrogen stripping again after reaction 4h, the polyisobutene maleic anhydride (alkene acid anhydride) of preparation treats that next step reaction uses.Get 33g alkene acid anhydride, 0.5g water, stir in a kettle., be warming up to 70 DEG C and add the 0.8g vitriol oil (mass concentration is 98%), be warming up to 110 DEG C of reaction 1h, add 1.4g sodium carbonate and continue reaction 1h, be warming up to 130 DEG C and add 4g trolamine, be warming up to 180 DEG C after adding and lead to nitrogen to 0.1mpa, reaction 4h, obtains target product emulsifying agent.
embodiment 2:add 195g polyisobutene (Mn=1300) in a kettle., be heated to 170 DEG C, add 21g fumaric acid anhydride, logical nitrogen to pressure is 0.2mpa, be warming up to 220 DEG C, lead to the unreacted fumaric acid anhydride of nitrogen stripping again after reaction 7h, the polyisobutene fumaric acid anhydride (alkene acid anhydride) of preparation treats that next step reaction uses.Get 33g alkene acid anhydride, 0.3g water, stir in a kettle., be warming up to 50 DEG C and add the 2g vitriol oil, be warming up to 130 DEG C of reaction 1h, add 2.5g sodium carbonate and continue reaction 1h, be warming up to 160 DEG C and add 6g Sorbitol Powder, be warming up to 150 DEG C after adding and lead to nitrogen to 0.2mpa, reaction 6h, obtains target product emulsifying agent.
embodiment 3:add 150g polyisobutene (Mn=1000) in a kettle., be heated to 150 DEG C, add 19g maleic anhydride, logical nitrogen to pressure is 0.15mpa, be warming up to 230 DEG C, lead to the unreacted maleic anhydride of nitrogen stripping again after reaction 5h, the polyisobutene maleic anhydride (alkene acid anhydride) of preparation treats that next step reaction uses.Get 33g alkene acid anhydride, 0.8g water, stir in a kettle., be warming up to 70 DEG C and add 1g hydrochloric acid (mass concentration 37%), be warming up to 130 DEG C of reaction 1h, add 1.5g sodium carbonate and continue reaction 1h, be warming up to 150 DEG C and add 10g tetraethylene pentamine, be warming up to 190 DEG C after adding and lead to nitrogen to 0.2mpa, reaction 6h, obtains target product emulsifying agent.
embodiment 4:add 165g ethylene-propylene copolymer (Mn=1100) in a kettle., be heated to 110 DEG C, add 20g maleic anhydride, logical nitrogen to pressure is 0.15mpa, be warming up to 210 DEG C, lead to the unreacted maleic anhydride of nitrogen stripping again after reaction 5h, the polyisobutene maleic anhydride (alkene acid anhydride) of preparation treats that next step reaction uses.Get 33g alkene acid anhydride, 0.6g water, stir in a kettle., be warming up to 70 DEG C and add the 1g vitriol oil, be warming up to 130 DEG C of reaction 1h, add 1.8g sodium carbonate and continue reaction 1h, be warming up to 150 DEG C and add 3g diethanolamine and 1.3g dimethylethanolamine, be warming up to 190 DEG C after adding and lead to nitrogen to 0.2mpa, reaction 6h, obtains target product emulsifying agent.
embodiment 5:add 150g polyisobutene (Mn=1000) in a kettle., be heated to 110 DEG C, add 29g fumaric acid anhydride, logical nitrogen to pressure is 0.15mpa, be warming up to 210 DEG C, lead to the unreacted fumaric acid anhydride of nitrogen stripping again after reaction 5h, the polyisobutene fumaric acid anhydride (alkene acid anhydride) of preparation treats that next step reaction uses.Get 33g alkene acid anhydride, 0.6g water, stir in a kettle., be warming up to 70 DEG C and add 1g phosphoric acid (mass concentration 52%), be warming up to 130 DEG C of reaction 1h, add 1g sodium carbonate and continue reaction 1h, be warming up to the mixture that 150 DEG C add 4g tetramethylolmethane and 1.86g ethylene glycol, be warming up to 190 DEG C after adding and lead to nitrogen to 0.2mpa, reaction 6h, obtains target product emulsifying agent.
Except above embodiment, one or more the mixture in all the other polyolefine, hydramine or polyamines polyene or polyvalent alcohol all can be implemented by the method for above-described embodiment.
Following table is the contrast of emulsion explosive performance and the stability in storage prepared with emulsifying agent of the present invention and existing emulsifying agent respectively.Stability in storage stores (see Fig. 1 through high/low temperature with sample, high/low temperature storage process and time are 50 DEG C and store 6 hours, then 6 hours are stored after within 0.5 hour, being down to 15 DEG C, within 0.5 hour, being warming up to 50 DEG C is the circulation of high/low temperature) after performance represent, after repeatedly high/low temperature circulates, sample explosion velocity declines fewer, illustrates that the performance of emulsifying agent is better.Preparation of emulsifying explosive is in table one, and emulsifying agent storge quality is in table two.
Table one
| Composition | Ratio |
| Ammonium nitrate | 73% |
| SODIUMNITRATE | 10% |
| Water | 10% |
| Compound wax (Nanjing different mountain) | 4.5～5% |
| Emulsifying agent | 2～2.5% |
| Sensitizing agent | 2% |
Table two
Table two illustrates, under lower rotating speed and consumption, emulsion explosive prepared by the emulsifying agent adopting this patent to provide still has good high/low temperature stability in storage, illustrate that the emulsifying agent that this patent provides has good emulsifying performance and emulsifying stability, the shelf lives of emulsion explosive can be extended further.
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method for industrial explosive emulsifying agent, described industrial explosive emulsifying agent is with the product of polyolefine acid anhydrides through lactonizing for acylating agent, the product obtained with one or more hydramine or polyamines polyene or polyol reaction; Wherein acylating agent has following structure:
or
In formula, R is polyolefine, and its number-average molecular weight is 300 ~ 3000; R* is hydrogen or methyl;
Described preparation method comprises:
1) polyolefine being 300 ~ 3000 by the number-average molecular weight of holding alkene content to be greater than 70% is heated to 100 ~ 150 DEG C, add excessive acid anhydrides, at 180 ~ 240 DEG C of reaction 2 ~ 10h, nitrogen is passed into as shielding gas in reaction process, reaction, to the basic complete reaction of polyolefine, is deviate from unreacted acid anhydrides and was both obtained polyolefine acid anhydrides;
2) polyolefine acid anhydrides is cooled to 40 ~ 80 DEG C, adds water and acid catalyst, be warming up to 90 ~ 120 DEG C, reaction 0.5 ~ 2h, add sodium carbonate reaction 0.5 ~ 2h, obtain the polyolefine lactone carboxylic acid acylating agent lactonized;
3) at 100 ~ 150 DEG C; in polyolefine lactone carboxylic acid acylating agent, add hydramine or several mixture of polyamines polyene or polyvalent alcohol or more, be warming up to 170 ~ 200 DEG C, reaction 2 ~ 7h; pass into nitrogen in reaction process as shielding gas, reaction terminates to obtain required emulsifying agent.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, its feature is selected from the one in hydrochloric acid, the vitriol oil, phosphoric acid at described acid catalyst.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that adding acid anhydrides by mol ratio 1:1.2 ~ 4 of polyolefine and acid anhydrides; Water is added by mol ratio 1:0.5 ~ 3 of polyolefine acid anhydrides and water; Acid catalyst is added by mol ratio 1:0.25 ~ 2 of polyolefine acid anhydrides and acid catalyst; Sodium carbonate is added by mol ratio 1:0.5 ~ 2 of acid catalyst and sodium carbonate; Hydramine or polyamines polyene or polyvalent alcohol is added by mol ratio 1:0.3 ~ 1.5 of polyolefine lactone Carboxylic acid and alcohol amine or polyamines polyene or polyvalent alcohol.
4. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that the nitrogen pressure passed in polyolefine and anhydride reaction process is 0.01 ~ 0.2Mpa.
5. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that the nitrogen pressure passed in polyolefine lactone Carboxylic acid and alcohol amine or polyamines polyene or polyol reaction process is 0.01 ~ 0.2Mpa.
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| CN103755503B (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2016-03-30 | 葛洲坝易普力股份有限公司 | A kind of the mixed loading emulsion explosive macromolecule emulsifier and preparation method thereof |
| CN104151115B (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2016-08-31 | 广州科律合成材料技术有限公司 | A kind of easily sensitization compound emulsifying agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN105384946B (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2018-03-20 | 葛洲坝易普力股份有限公司 | Low sheraing emulsification macromolecule emulsifier and preparation method thereof |
| CN105272786B (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2017-11-17 | 葛洲坝易普力股份有限公司 | New mixed explosive macromolecule emulsifier and preparation method thereof |
| CN105348416B (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2017-12-08 | 葛洲坝易普力股份有限公司 | Emulsion macromolecule emulsifier and preparation method thereof |
| CN106045797A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-26 | 江南大学 | Emulsifying agent for emulsion explosive, and preparation method thereof |
| CN110283029A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-09-27 | 福建达安能源实业有限责任公司 | A kind of preparation method for the emulsifier that bio oil matches |
| CN111732676A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-02 | 安徽金奥博化工科技有限公司 | Polymer emulsifier with multi-hanging structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN111704515A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-09-25 | 安徽金奥博化工科技有限公司 | Integrated composite oil phase for emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof |
| CN114436721A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-05-06 | 石门成功高分子材料制造有限公司 | Anti-freezing emulsion explosive oil phase |
| CN114478146A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-05-13 | 石门成功高分子材料制造有限公司 | Pressure-resistant emulsion explosive |
| CN112300398A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-02-02 | 安徽金奥博化工科技有限公司 | Low-nitrogen high-molecular emulsifier and preparation method thereof |
| CN113387760A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-14 | 新乡市瑞丰新材料股份有限公司 | Novel composite emulsifier for emulsion explosive |
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| CN1415588A (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Emulsifier utilized for emulsion explosive and its preparation method |
| CN101198663A (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2008-06-11 | 路博润有限公司 | Dispersants and compositions thereof |
| CN102675006A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2012-09-19 | 江南大学 | Emulsifier for emulsion explosive and preparation method for emulsifier |
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| DE10003297C2 (en) * | 2000-01-27 | 2003-08-21 | Clariant Gmbh | Explosives containing modified copolymers of polyisobutylene, vinyl esters and maleic anhydride as emulsifiers |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1415588A (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Emulsifier utilized for emulsion explosive and its preparation method |
| CN101198663A (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2008-06-11 | 路博润有限公司 | Dispersants and compositions thereof |
| CN102675006A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2012-09-19 | 江南大学 | Emulsifier for emulsion explosive and preparation method for emulsifier |
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