CN103008696A - Surface-coated cutting tool with excellent cutter breakage resistance by hard coating layer - Google Patents
Surface-coated cutting tool with excellent cutter breakage resistance by hard coating layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN103008696A CN103008696A CN2012103386531A CN201210338653A CN103008696A CN 103008696 A CN103008696 A CN 103008696A CN 2012103386531 A CN2012103386531 A CN 2012103386531A CN 201210338653 A CN201210338653 A CN 201210338653A CN 103008696 A CN103008696 A CN 103008696A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 184
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- MNWRORMXBIWXCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium Chemical compound CN(C)[Ti](N(C)C)(N(C)C)N(C)C MNWRORMXBIWXCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIZYHTQSHRQOBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].O=[N] Chemical compound [C].O=[N] PIZYHTQSHRQOBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLOKVAIRQVQRGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C)[Ti] Chemical compound CN(C)[Ti] ZLOKVAIRQVQRGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a surface-coated cutting tool with excellent cutter breakage resistance and fracture resistance by a hard coating layer in high-speed intermittent cutting machining. The surface-coated cutting tool provided by the invention settles the task according to a technical solution which is characterized in that: the hard coating layer is composed of a lower layer and an upper layer which are treated by chemical vapor deposition; (a) the lower layer is Ti compound layer, the Ti compound layer at least comprises one Ti carbonitride layer and one layer or more than two layers of layers with a sum average layer thickness of 3-20 mu m; (b) the upper layer is an aluminum oxide layer with an average layer thickness of 1-25 mu m; at least one Ti carbonitride layer which constitutes the lower layer is provided with a cylindrical longitudinal-growing TiCN crystal tissue, and furthermore particle TiCn are dispersedly arranged in the tissue of the Ti carbonitride layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of surface-coated cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as coating tool), in that hot generation and intermittence or impact load act in the high speed interrupted cut processing of the various steel of cutting edge or cast iron with height, hard coating layer has the excellent anti-cutter that collapses, thereby brings into play excellent cutting ability through long-term the use.
Background technology
In the past, known usually formation on the surface of the tool base that is consisted of by tungsten carbide (following represent with WC) base cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride (following represent with TiCN) based ceramic metal (following these are generically and collectively referred to as tool base) by following (a) and (b) coating tool that forms of the hard coating layer of formation:
(a) lower layer is the Ti compound layer, forming more than 1 layer or 2 layers in the Ti carbide that described Ti compound layer is formed by equal chemical evaporation (following represent with TiC) layer, nitride (following represent with TiN equally) layer, carbonitride (following represent with TiCN) layer, oxycarbide (following represent with TiCO) layer and carbon nitrogen oxide (following represent with the TiCNO) layer; And
(b) upper layer be the aluminium oxide that forms of chemical vapor deposition (below use Al
2O
3Expression) layer,
And known this coating tool is used for the machining of various steel or cast iron etc.
Wherein, described coating tool puts in larger load and easily collapses the damaged grade of cutter under the machining condition of cutting edge and have short and so on problem life tools, so in order to eliminate such problem, has proposed at present several motions.
For example, propose to have following scheme in the patent documentation 1, namely consist of hard coating layer with the individual layer of TiCN or the lamination more than 2 layers, and with any one kind or two or more crystal structure in the crystal structure of following (a)～(c) consist of in these structure sheafs 1 layer or 2 layers with on improve the anti-cutter that collapses of coating tool: the crystal structure that (a) changes from granular crystal soma to the longitudinal growth texture; (b) from granular crystal soma to the longitudinal growth texture, the crystal structure that further changes from this longitudinal growth texture to granular crystal soma; And the crystal structure that (c) changes from the longitudinal growth texture to granular crystal soma.
And, propose to have following scheme in the patent documentation 2, hard coating layer is made of the single or multiple lift of the TiCN layer that comprises column crystal, and have being made as the structure of 1≤d1/d2≤1.3 from the upper end of this TiCN layer to the average grain diameter d1 of the horizontal direction of the TiCN columnar grain of the position of 1/5 distance of this TiCN layer thickness with from the lower end of this TiCN layer to the ratio of the average grain diameter d2 of the horizontal direction of the TiCN columnar grain of the position of 2/5 distance of this TiCN layer thickness, the coating tool that can bear the long machining that comprises interrupted cut is provided thus.
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Patent Publication 6-8009 communique
Patent documentation 2: Japanese Patent Publication 10-109206 communique
Be following present situation at present: require strong to the saving labourization in the machining and energy-saving in recent years, with this, become and more and more using coating tool under the exacting terms, for example at described patent documentation 1, coating tool shown in 2, produce and the high speed interrupted cut that has further the load of intermittence or impact to act on cutting edge adds man-hour being used in high heat, also because anti-mechanical impact property and the resistance to sudden heating of lower layer are insufficient, so the high capacity during because of machining is easily collapsed cutter and damaged on cutting edge, its result reaches service life within than the short period.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the inventor etc. are from foregoing viewpoint, the high speed interrupted cut that acts on cutting edge to being used in shortly load with the hot generation of height and intermittence or impact adds man-hour, hard coating layer also possesses excellent impact absorbency, its result has obtained following opinion through the long-term result who uses the excellent anti-coating tool that collapses cutter and anti-damaged property of performance to further investigate.
That is, as hard coating layer, be formed with in the coating tool of lower layer of the carbonitride layer that comprises described Ti in the past, the relative matrix of Ti carbonitride layer is column and forms in vertical direction.Therefore, hardness and wearability are improved, but its reverse side, the toughness drop of the carbonitride layer of the higher Ti of anisotropy of the carbonitride layer of Ti, the result can't give full play to anti-cutter and the anti-damaged property of collapsing, and, also can't be referred to as to satisfy the hard coating layer of life tools.
Therefore, the inventor etc. are to the result that the carbonitride layer of the especially Ti in the Ti compound layer of the lower layer that consists of hard coating layer conducts in-depth research, and have obtained the anisotropy of carbonitride layer that can be by relaxing Ti and have improved the anti-opinion that collapses the novelty of cutter and the raising of anti-damaged property that toughness makes hard coating layer.
Particularly, the carbonitride layer that consists of at least 1 layer of Ti of lower layer has column longitudinal growth TiCN texture, and in its tissue, disperse distribution particulate TiCN, the anisotropy of the carbonitride layer of Ti obtains relaxing thus, and toughness be improved (hereinafter referred to as modification TiCN layer).
And the modification TiCN layer of foregoing structure for example can come film forming by following chemical vapor deposition method.
To the tool base surface, reacting gas is formed (capacity %) be made as TiCl
4: 1.7～1.9%, TDMAT(four (dimethylamino) titanium): 0.06～0.10%, CH
3CN:0.7～0.9%, N
2: 20%, H
2: remain, and reaction atmosphere pressure is made as 5～12kPa, the reaction atmosphere temperature is made as 820～970 ℃ carries out the chemical vapor deposition method, thereby can access the column longitudinal growth TiCN texture that is dispersed with particulate TiCN in the film.At this, among the present invention, particulate TiCN refers to the phase of mixing of granular TiCN crystal phase or amorphous TiCN phase or granular TiCN crystal phase and amorphous TiCN phase.Namely, during with the carbonitride layer of described chemical vapor deposition method film forming Ti, according to the delicate difference of membrance casting condition, confirming the particulate TiCN that disperses to be formed in the film, (1) is arranged is the situation of granular TiCN crystal phase and amorphous TiCN mixing phase mutually for the situation of granular TiCN crystal phase, (2) for the situation of amorphous TiCN phase, (3).And, no matter also confirming in the arbitrary situation in described (1) to (3), the anisotropy of the carbonitride layer of described Ti obtains relaxing and toughness is improved, and this effect does not have significant difference.Therefore, among the present invention, described (1) to (3) are generically and collectively referred to as particulate TiCN.
And, when the surface density in the cross section of particulate TiCN in the carbonitride layer of Ti has along the bed thickness direction during with the cycle 0.5 μ m～periodically variable surface density distributional pattern of 5 μ m, owing to there is the lower zone of surface density of particulate TiCN, bring into play well the characteristic of the hardness of excellence of column longitudinal growth TiCN crystal or wearability and so on, and owing to there is the higher zone of surface density of particulate TiCN, bring into play well the characteristic of impact absorbency based on the excellence of particulate TiCN and so on, can have both this above-mentioned characteristic with high level.Therefore, especially when being used for the hot generation of height and intermittence or the impact load acts on the steel of cutting edge or the high speed interrupted cut of cast iron adds man-hour, finding also that hard coating layer has excellent anti-ly collapse cutter and anti-damaged property and shows excellent wearability through long-term the use.
The present invention is based on described opinion and finishes, and it has following feature:
(1) a kind of surface of the tool base being made of tungsten carbide base carbide alloy or base titanium carbonitride is provided with the surface-coated cutting tool of hard coating layer, wherein,
Described hard coating layer is made of lower layer and the upper layer of chemical vapor deposition,
(a) described lower layer is the Ti compound layer, and described Ti compound layer comprises at least 1 layer of Ti carbonitride layer and is the Ti compound layer more than 1 layer or 2 layers with average bed thickness of total of 3～20 μ m; And
(b) described upper layer is the alumina layer with average bed thickness of 1～25 μ m,
The carbonitride layer that consists of at least 1 layer of Ti of described (a) lower layer has column longitudinal growth TiCN texture, in its tissue, be distributed with particulate TiCN, this particulate TiCN is granular TiCN crystal phase or amorphous TiCN phase or granular TiCN crystal phase and the phase of mixing of amorphous TiCN phase, the averaged particles width W of column longitudinal growth TiCN crystal is that 50～2000nm, average asperratio A are 5～50, and the average grain diameter R of described particulate TiCN surpasses 50nm and is below the 300nm.
(2) such as (1) described surface-coated cutting tool, wherein, the surface density that is present in the cross section of the particulate TiCN in the carbonitride layer of at least 1 layer of Ti that consists of described lower layer is 5～30%.
(3) such as (1) or (2) described surface-coated cutting tool, wherein, the surface density in the cross section of described particulate TiCN has along the bed thickness direction with the periodically variable surface density distributional pattern of cycle 0.5～5 μ m.
Below the present invention is described in detail.
The Ti compound layer of lower layer:
At least the carbonitride layer that comprises Ti, and the lower layer that comprises the Ti compound layer more than 1 layer or 2 layers in carbide lamella, nitride layer, carbonitride layer, oxycarbide layer and the carbon nitrogen oxide layer of Ti can form under common chemical vapor deposition condition, but the carbonitride layer of at least 1 layer of Ti forms by additive method as described later.The Ti compound layer that consists of lower layer himself has elevated temperature strength, because the existence of this Ti compound layer makes hard coating layer possess elevated temperature strength, in addition with tool base with by Al
2O
3The upper layer that consists of all firmly adheres to, help to improve hard coating layer to the adhering effect of tool base thereby play, but because if it adds up to average bed thickness less than 3 μ m, then can't bring into play fully above-mentioned effect, on the other hand, if it adds up to average bed thickness to surpass 20 μ m, then easily collapse cutter, therefore add up to average bed thickness to be decided to be 3～20 μ m it.
The carbonitride layer of at least 1 layer of Ti in the lower layer:
The carbonitride layer of at least 1 layer of Ti is the structure that has column longitudinal growth TiCN texture and disperse distribution particulate TiCN in its tissue in the lower layer.By being made as this structure, improved resistance to impact, show the excellent anti-cutter that collapses.Yet, each crystal grain to column longitudinal growth TiCN crystal, when the particle width of direction that will be parallel with matrix surface is made as w and its mean value is made as the averaged particles width W, if the maximum particle width of averaged particles width W is less than 50nm, then can't guarantee the wearability through long-term use, on the other hand, if surpass 2000nm, then thickization because of particle reduces anti-cutter and the anti-damaged property of collapsing.Therefore, the averaged particles width W of preferred column longitudinal growth TiCN crystal is made as 50～2000nm.And, each crystal grain about column longitudinal growth TiCN crystal, the particle length of direction that will be vertical with matrix surface is made as l, and described particle width w and the ratio of l are made as the asperratio a of each crystal grain, in addition, when the mean value of the asperratio a that will obtain each crystal grain is made as average asperratio A, if average asperratio A is less than 5, then can't guarantee the higher wearability as the feature of column longitudinal growth TiCN, on the other hand, if surpass 50, then toughness reduces on the contrary, and anti-ly collapses cutter and the reduction of anti-damaged property.Therefore, preferably the average asperratio A of column longitudinal growth TiCN crystal is made as 5～50.Therefore among the present invention, when measuring 1 particle of column longitudinal growth TiCN crystal, the directed maximum diameter of direction that will be parallel with matrix surface is called particle width w, and on the other hand, the directed tangent line diameter of direction that will be vertical with matrix surface is called particle length l.
And, about particulate TiCN, the particle diameter of each particulate TiCN is made as r, and when its mean value is made as average grain diameter R, if average grain diameter R, then can't give full play to the effect that is improved resistance to impact by dispersion distribution particulate TiCN less than 50nm, on the other hand, if surpass 300nm, then toughness reduces on the contrary.Therefore, preferably the average grain diameter R of particulate TiCN is made as above 50nm and less than 300nm.At this, among the present invention, will directly be called as the major axis of the major diameter of the precipitated phase of each particulate TiCN the particle diameter r of particulate TiCN.
And, about particulate TiCN, if the surface density in cross section, then can't be brought into play the effect of disperseing distribution particulate TiCN less than 5%, on the other hand, if surpass 30%, then hindering the growth of column longitudinal growth TiCN crystal, wearability reduces on the contrary.Therefore, the surface density in the cross section of particulate TiCN is preferably 5～30%.And, about particulate TiCN, by be made as surface density with cycle 0.5～5 μ m along the periodically variable surface density distributional pattern of bed thickness direction, and and non-uniform Distribution, thereby further improve resistance to impact.
In addition, below, the carbonitride layer of the Ti that is modified as previously mentioned is called " modification TiCN layer ".
The Al of upper layer
2O
3Layer:
Consist of the Al of upper layer
2O
3Layer possesses high temperature hardness and heat resistance has been well-known, if but its average bed thickness less than 1 μ m, then can't guarantee the wearability through long-term use, on the other hand, if its average bed thickness surpasses 25 μ m, then Al
2O
3Crystal grain is easy to thickization, its result, high temperature hardness and elevated temperature strength reduce, and the high speed interrupted cut add man-hour anti-ly collapse cutter and the reduction of anti-damaged property, thus its average bed thickness is decided to be 1～25 μ m.
Disperse the formation of the particulate TiCN of distribution:
The chemical vapor deposition method of carrying out following condition in the forming process by the lower layer of film forming under common chemical vapor deposition condition can form particulate TiCN of the present invention.
Add in the reacting gas by the TDMAT that will become the nuclear of particulate TiCN, form the particulate TiCN that disperses distribution.
Reacting gas forms (capacity %):
TiCl
4：1.7～1.9％，
TDMAT：0.06～0.10％
CH
3CN：0.7～0.9％
N
2：20％
H
2: residue
The reaction atmosphere temperature: 820～970 ℃,
Reaction atmosphere pressure: 5～12kPa
The schematic diagram of the particulate TiCN distributional pattern of contained modification TiCN layer in the lower layer of the present invention that under described chemical vapor deposition condition, forms shown in Fig. 1.
And, by making the addition cyclically-varying of TDMAT, particulate TiCN form have surface density with cycle 0.5～5 μ m along the periodically variable surface density distributional pattern of bed thickness direction.Its schematic diagram shown in Fig. 2.
Be described in more details according to Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is illustrated in the surface density distributional pattern figure that the particulate TiCN of the present invention that forms under the described chemical vapor deposition condition is an example of association in the lower layer that periodically variable surface density distributes, between bed thickness direction position-surface density.
This surface density distributional pattern figure can obtain by the following method.
At first, (among Fig. 4, the zone that is separated by a plurality of parallel lines of drawing abreast with the tool base surface is equivalent to 0.1 μ m thickness width regions abreast lower layer to be divided into respectively 0.1 μ m thickness width regions with the tool base surface.), and within adding up to 10 mu m ranges, length measures the shared area of particulate TiCN be present in each the thickness width regions that is divided, and utilize SEM (50000 times of multiplying powers) to measure, obtain the surface density (%) of the thickness width regions of this 0.1 μ m, make the surface density of obtaining at each thickness width regions along bed thickness direction pictorialization, thereby made the surface density distributional pattern figure of bed thickness direction as shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 5 is the figure that the growth conditions of the column longitudinal growth TiCN crystal particles in the column longitudinal growth TiCN texture layer schematically is shown.
Among the present invention, about in column longitudinal growth TiCN texture, disperseing the structure of distribution particulate TiCN, owing to the existence of particulate TiCN, when power puts on column longitudinal growth TiCN texture, depart from 11 column longitudinal growth TiCN crystal, therefore produce larger toughness.Its result, impact absorbency improves, and brings into play the anti-effect that collapses cutter and the raising of anti-damaged property and so on.
Coating tool of the present invention, as hard coating layer, lower layer and upper layer by chemical vapor deposition consist of, (a) described lower layer is the Ti compound layer, described Ti compound layer comprises at least 1 layer of Ti carbonitride layer and has the Ti compound layer that consists of more than 1 layer or 2 layers of the average bed thickness of total of 3～20 μ m, (b) described upper layer is the alumina layer with average bed thickness of 1～25 μ m, the carbonitride layer that consists of at least 1 layer of Ti of described lower layer has column longitudinal growth TiCN texture, in its tissue, disperse distribution particulate TiCN, thereby be used for producing with high heat of steel or cast iron etc., and the high speed interrupted cut that intermittence or impact high capacity act on cutting edge adds man-hour, anti-cutter and the anti-damaged property excellence of collapsing, its result brings into play excellent wearability through long-term the use, and reaches the purpose of the long lifetime of coating tool.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 represents the schematic diagram of the particulate TiCN distributional pattern of the modification TiCN layer that lower layer of the present invention is contained.
Fig. 2 represents to be the schematic diagram of the contained modification TiCN layer of the lower layer of periodically variable surface density distributional pattern.
Fig. 3 represents the surface density distributional pattern figure of association of the bed thickness direction position-surface density of lower layer.
Fig. 4 represents to obtain for explanation the schematic diagram of method of the surface density distributional pattern figure of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 represents schematically to illustrate the figure of the growth conditions of the column longitudinal growth TiCN crystal particles in the column longitudinal growth TiCN texture layer.
The specific embodiment
Then, according to embodiment coating tool of the present invention is carried out specific description.
Embodiment
Preparation all has WC powder, TiC powder, ZrC powder, VC powder, TaC powder, NbC powder, the Cr of the average grain diameter of 1～3 μ m
3C
2Powder, TiN powder and Co powder are as material powder, and these material powders are fitted in the mix proportion shown in the table 1, and, adding paraffin ball milling in acetone mixed 24 hours, after the drying under reduced pressure, pressed compact take the pressure punch forming of 98MPa as reservation shape, and this pressed compact kept under the predetermined temperature in 1370～1470 ℃ of scopes carry out vacuum-sintering under 1 hour the condition in the vacuum of 5Pa, behind the sintering, the cutting blade is implemented the cutting edge reconditioning processing of R:0.07mm, produce respectively thus the tool base A of the WC base cemented carbide system with blade shapes of stipulating among the ISOCNMG120412～E.
And the TiCN(for preparing all to have the average grain diameter of 0.5～2 μ m is TiC/TiN=50/50 by quality ratio) powder, Mo
2The C powder, the ZrC powder, the NbC powder, the TaC powder, WC powder, Co powder and Ni powder are as material powder, and these material powders are fitted in the mix proportion shown in the table 2, with ball mill wet mixed 24 hours, after the drying, take the pressure punch forming of 98MPa as pressed compact, and with this pressed compact in the blanket of nitrogen of 1.3kPa, in temperature: 1540 ℃ keep carrying out sintering under 1 hour the condition, behind the sintering, the cutting blade is implemented the cutting edge reconditioning processing of R:0.09mm, formed thus the tool base a of the TiCN based ceramic metal system of the blade shapes with iso standard CNMG120412～e.
Then, utilize common chemical evaporation plating device, on the surface of these tool base A～E and tool base a～e, carry out following operation and make coating tool 1～15 of the present invention.
(a) as the lower layer of hard coating layer, form the Ti compound layer with the target bed thickness evaporation shown in the condition shown in table 3 and the table 4 and the table 6.
(b) at this moment, when under the k shown in the table 4～o condition the carbonitride layer of the Ti that consists of the Ti compound layer being carried out film forming, evaporation forms the Ti compound layer in the periodic variation addition between the maximum of the TDMAT capacity % shown in the table 4 and minimum of a value.
(c) then, under the conditions shown in Table 3, and form by upper layer (Al with the target bed thickness evaporation shown in the table 6
2O
3Layer) hard coating layer that consists of.
To at least 1 layer of modification TiCN layer in the lower layer of described coating tool 1～10 of the present invention, the result who utilizes the many visual fields of SEM (50000 times of multiplying powers) to observe confirms film shown in Figure 1 and consists of the grain circle of the column crystal shown in the schematic diagram and the membrane structure that there is particulate TiCN in intragranular.
And, to at least 1 layer of modification TiCN layer in the lower layer of described coating tool 11～15 of the present invention, the result who utilizes the many visual fields of SEM (50000 times of multiplying powers) to observe confirms film shown in Figure 2 and consists of the grain circle of the column crystal shown in the schematic diagram and the membrane structure that there is particulate TiCN in intragranular.
In addition, to at least 1 layer of modification TiCN layer in the lower layer of described coating tool 1～15 of the present invention, utilize the many visual fields of transmission electron microscope (200000 times of multiplying powers) to observe and particulate TiCN is carried out the result of electronic diffraction, confirm described particulate TiCN and be the phase of mixing of granular TiCN crystal phase or amorphous TiCN phase or granular TiCN crystal phase and amorphous TiCN phase.
And, take relatively as purpose, on the surface of tool base A～E and tool base a～e, with the target bed thickness shown in the condition shown in table 3 and the table 5 and the table 7 and coating tool of the present invention 1～15 in the same manner, evaporation forms the Ti compound layer as the lower layer of hard coating layer.At this moment, when the carbonitride layer of the Ti that form to consist of the Ti compound layer, do not add TDMAT and form column longitudinal growth TiCN texture.
Then, as the upper layer of hard coating layer, form by Al with the condition shown in the table 3 and with the target bed thickness evaporation shown in the table 7
2O
3The upper layer that layer consists of, thereby the comparison coating tool 1～15 of making table 7.
And, utilize SEM (5000 times of multiplying powers) to measure the bed thickness of each structure sheaf of coating tool 1～15 of the present invention and comparison coating tool 1～15, measure the bed thickness of 5 points in the field of view and it is on average obtained the result of average bed thickness, all expression and the thick practically identical average bed thickness of destination layer shown in table 6 and the table 7.
And, about coating tool 1～15 of the present invention and comparison coating tool 1～15, to with the direction of tool base level on length add up to the column longitudinal growth TiCN crystal that exists in 10 mu m ranges, similarly utilize SEM (5000 times of multiplying powers) to measure particle width w and the particle length l of column longitudinal growth TiCN crystal of the carbonitride layer of the contained formation Ti of lower layer, and obtain averaged particles width W and average asperratio A, the averaged particles width W is the mean value of particle width w that each crystal grain is obtained, and average asperratio A is particle width w that each crystal grain the is obtained mean value with the asperratio a that recently defines of particle length l.
And, about coating tool 1～10 of the present invention, similarly utilize SEM (50000 times of multiplying powers), on the direction vertical with tool base, in the suitable thickness range of TiCN thickness, measure the shared area of particulate TiCN that exists in the carbonitride layer of the contained Ti of lower layer, and with the direction of tool base level within length adds up to 10 mu m ranges, measure the shared area of the particulate TiCN that exists in the carbonitride layer of the contained Ti of lower layer, and obtain the surface density (%) in cross section.
And, about coating tool 11～15 of the present invention, similarly utilize SEM (50000 times of multiplying powers), the carbonitride layer of the Ti that lower layer is contained and tool base surface are divided into respectively the thickness width regions of 0.1 μ m abreast, and mensuration is present in the shared area of particulate TiCN of each the thickness width regions that is divided within length adds up to 10 mu m ranges, and obtains the surface density (%) in the cross section that is present in the particulate TiCN in this 0.1 μ m thickness width regions.
[table 1]
[table 2]
[table 6]
(annotating 1) is about 11～15, because the surface density in the cross section of the particulate TiCN of l-TiCN alternately is maximum and minimizing while cyclically-varying on the bed thickness direction, therefore represents respectively maximum and minimizing mean value.
In (annotating 2) hurdle
*Label table is shown in outside the scope of claim 2,
*Label table is shown in outside the scope of claim 3.
[table 7]
Then, about described coating tool 1～15 of the present invention and comparison coating tool 1～15, implement under the conditions shown in Table 8 the machining test, and in each cutting test, all measure the wear of the tool flank width of cutting edge.
This measurement result is shown in table 9.
[table 9]
(relatively the cutting test result on coating tool hurdle represents because collapsing cutting time till cutter and the reason such as damaged reach the life-span (minute))
As can be known clear and definite from the result shown in table 6 and the table 9, in the coating tool of the present invention, the carbonitride layer of the Ti of the lower layer of formation hard coating layer has column longitudinal growth TiCN texture, in its tissue, be distributed with particulate TiCN, be used for steel or cast iron etc. with high heat generation thus, and the high speed interrupted cut that intermittence or impact high capacity act on cutting edge adds man-hour, anti-ly collapses cutter and anti-damaged property is excellent, and its result is through long-term the use and the excellent cutting ability of performance.
With respect to this, in the carbonitride layer of the Ti of the lower layer that consists of hard coating layer, be not distributed with in the comparison coating tool 1～15 of particulate TiCN as can be known clear and definite, add man-hour in the high speed interrupted cut that is used for acting on the hot generation of height and intermittence or impact high capacity cutting edge, because collapsing cutter and damaged etc. generation reaches service life at short notice.
Utilizability on the industry
As previously mentioned, coating tool of the present invention is such as acting in the high speed interrupted cut processing of cutting edge in the hot generation with height of steel or cast iron etc. and intermittence or impact high capacity, and excellent anti-of performance collapsed cutter and anti-damaged property and can increase the service life.
Claims (3)
1. surface-coated cutting tool, its surface in the tool base that is made of tungsten carbide base carbide alloy or base titanium carbonitride is provided with hard coating layer, it is characterized in that,
Described hard coating layer is made of lower layer and the upper layer of chemical vapor deposition,
(a) described lower layer is the Ti compound layer, and described Ti compound layer comprises at least 1 layer of Ti carbonitride layer and is the Ti compound layer more than 1 layer or 2 layers with average bed thickness of total of 3～20 μ m;
(b) described upper layer is the alumina layer with average bed thickness of 1～25 μ m,
At least 1 layer of Ti carbonitride layer that consists of described (a) lower layer has column longitudinal growth TiCN texture, in its tissue, be distributed with particulate TiCN, this particulate TiCN is granular TiCN crystal phase or amorphous TiCN phase or granular TiCN crystal phase and the phase of mixing of amorphous TiCN phase, the averaged particles width W of column longitudinal growth TiCN crystal is that 50～2000nm, average asperratio A are 5～50, and the average grain diameter R of described particulate TiCN surpasses 50nm and is below the 300nm.
2. surface-coated cutting tool as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
The surface density that is present in the cross section of the particulate TiCN in the carbonitride layer of at least 1 layer of Ti that consists of described lower layer is 5～30%.
3. surface-coated cutting tool as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that,
The surface density in the cross section of described particulate TiCN has along the bed thickness direction with the periodically variable surface density distributional pattern of cycle 0.5～5 μ m.
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| JP2011-204228 | 2011-09-20 | ||
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| JP2012143114A JP5928807B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2012-06-26 | Surface coated cutting tool with excellent chipping resistance due to hard coating layer |
| JP2012-143114 | 2012-06-26 |
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| CN109732398A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-10 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of ultra precision cutting optimal control method and system |
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| CN101445928A (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2009-06-03 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Alumina coating correlation technique with alpha type crystal structure |
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