CN103004393B - Method for construction of water-saving biological protection system on periphery of oasis under flood irrigation condition - Google Patents
Method for construction of water-saving biological protection system on periphery of oasis under flood irrigation condition Download PDFInfo
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- 241000565391 Fraxinus mandshurica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for construction of a water-saving biological protection system on the periphery of an oasis under flood irrigation condition. According to the method, tamarix chinensis, alhagi sparsifolia, karelinia caspia and certain ephemeral plants such as halogeton or salsola collina which are originally distributed irregularly are restored and repaired to form a first protection zone; populus bolleana of tree category and big-leaf clover of forage category are planted in a cell block mode to form a second protection zone; an artificial biological isolation zone is set with fraxinus mandshurica planted in trenches and subject to furrow irrigation to form a third protection zone; and forests of black walnuts of tree category and medical herbs are planted with combination of trench planting and block planting to form a fourth protection zone. By adopting the method, the allocation of deep-rooted plants and shallow-rooted plants, the allocation of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, the allocation of sun plants and shade-tolerant plants and the allocation of protective plants and economic plants are demonstrated in a centralized way in the biological protection system, effective utilization of water by plants can be realized, and normal rapid growth of plants can be ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technical method building the peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system in oasis under flood irrigation condition, the structure for the peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system of district oasis is provided technical guarantee by the promotion and application of this technology.Thus provide technological approaches for the coordinated development of arid biogeographic zone ecological construction and ecological industry.
Background technology
Southern Tarim Basin region is one of China's state of ecological environment the harshest, national poor county distribution region of concentrating the most.Here belong to warm temperate zone, typical inland desert climate, its main environment feature is: 1. sandstorm is frequent.Annual wind speed be greater than the number of days of 4m/s more than 90 days, average annual floating dust weather more than 250 days, every year sandstorm weather more than 20 days; 2. moisture defective value is larger.Mean annual precipitation 35.1mm, year evaporation discharge reach 2595.3mm, aridity is 20.8; The water resource in oasis depends on the ephemeral stream rising in Kun Lun Mountain.The changes in runoff in these rivers are comparatively large, and the time mainly concentrate on May-September; 3. income level is low.The per capita income of the local masses is far below the average level in the whole nation.And along with the growth of population and the large area exploitation in soil, periphery, oasis, cause the natural vegetation subject to severe risks of damage of periphery, oasis.Therefore building the water-saving biological sand-control system with protection benefit and economic benefit under water resource critical shortage, the abnormal severe condition of hazards of sand storms is ensure local area ecological and the sustainable development of socio-economy basic.
The present invention relies on long-term Comprehensive Experiment observation base and the est and pilot project at sand desert survey station, Xinjiang Inst. of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qira, in conjunction with the Celei County State Forestry Administration, P.R. China Ecological Project Construction project that No. three tuyere areas are implemented in Celei County, system research and development is carried out to the constructing technology of biological sand-control system water-saving under flood irrigation condition.The application of the method has great practice significance by the living standard effectively utilizing valuable water resource, protection oasis ecology safety and improve the local masses, provides technical support and environment-guarantee by the sustainable development for southern Tarim Basin ecological construction and economic society simultaneously.
Species configuring technical during the peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system in oasis builds is crucial.For the environmental quality of periphery, southern Tarim Basin oasis, with the water-saving ecological engineering construction project Project Areas of No. three tuyere area enforcements in southern Tarim Basin Celei County for research and development base, under the prerequisite guaranteeing the effective and reasonable utilization of water resource, natural vegetation and artificial vegetation is adopted to combine, arbor-shrub-herbaceous plant reasonable disposition, deep rooting plant and shallow rooted plant are arranged in pairs or groups mutually, the pattern that securing plant and economic plants configure mutually, carry out the research and development of the peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system constructing technology in oasis, determine optimum proportioning and the architecture feature of biological sand-control system species, under the prerequisite guaranteeing high efficient utilization of water resources, obtain the Best Coupling pattern of biological sand-control system protection benefit and economic output.
Southern Tarim Basin region is the famous Extremely arid area of China, is also the areal concentration of national poor county simultaneously, here abnormal serious, the water resource critical shortage of sandstorm.Therefore the research and development of the peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system constructing technology in oasis are carried out in this region; determine optimum proportioning and the architecture feature of biological sand-control system species; under the prerequisite guaranteeing high efficient utilization of water resources; build the Best Coupling pattern of biological sand-control system protection benefit and economic output, the ecological safety for protection oasis has important more practical value with the effective utilization realizing water resource.The research and development of this technology can not only provide technological approaches and hands-on approach for the structure of the peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system in oasis, are also benefiting our pursuits and actively attempting drought environment ecosystem development mode and pocket of poverty Economic Development Mode simultaneously.The present invention has carried out long felt around the constructing technology of this thinking to the peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system in oasis just.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, the construction method of the peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system in oasis under a kind of flood irrigation condition is provided, the Chinese tamarisk of original irregular distribution, camel thorn, colored bavin and some ephemeral salt swards or salsola collina are carried out recovery and repair by the method, form the first guard plot of biological sand-control system; By adopting the cropping pattern of community bulk, plantation arbor Xinjiang poplar and herbage great Ye clover, form the second guard plot of biological sand-control system; Artificial bio-membrane's isolated area is set again, adopts the mode of trench plantation and furrow irrigation to plant dungarunga Manchurian ash, form the 3rd guard plot, road of biological sand-control system; Plant by adopting trench plantation and little bulk the mode combined and plant high forest fruit black walnut and medicinal vegetation, form biological sand-control system the 4th guard plot, road; The method of the invention is on the basis of the water consumption feature and ecological and biological characteristic that take into full account each plant species, and biological sand-control system has embodied a concentrated reflection of the configuration of the configuration of deep rooting plant and shallow rooted plant, arbor-shrub-herbal configuration, the configuration of sun plant and shade plant, securing plant and economic plants.This had both embodied plant rationally and effectively utilizing moisture, in turn ensure that the quick growth of plant and the normal performance of benefit thereof.
The construction method of the peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system in oasis under a kind of flood irrigation condition of the present invention, follows these steps to carry out:
A, the Chinese tamarisk (5) of original irregular distribution, camel thorn (6), colored bavin (7) and some ephemeral salt swards or salsola collina carried out recovery and repair, form the first guard plot (1) of biological sand-control system, the length and width of guard plot (1) are 300 meters × 50 meters;
B, adopt the cropping pattern of block of cells (8) afterwards in first guard plot (1), plantation arbor Xinjiang poplar and herbage great Ye clover, the area length and width of block of cells (8) are 10 meters × 5 meters, form the second guard plot (2) of biological sand-control system, the length and width of guard plot (2) are 300 meters × 50 meters;
C, artificial bio-membrane's isolated area is set after second guard plot (2), the mode of plantation ditch (9) and furrow irrigation is adopted to plant dungarunga Manchurian ash, plantation ditch (9) is wide 1 meter, dark 0.6 meter, ditch (9) spacing is 2 meters, form the 3rd guard plot, road (3) of biological sand-control system, the length and width of guard plot (3) are 300 meters × 20 meters;
D, to adopt plantation ditch (11) and Small burden (10) to plant the mode combined afterwards to plant high forest really black walnut and medicinal vegetation safflower, wolf's milk or alpine yallow herb in the 3rd guard plot, road (3), plantation ditch (11) is wide 1 meter, the dark 0.6 meter of plantation high forest fruit black walnut of ditch (11), the area length and width of Small burden (10) growing area are 4 meters × 2 meters, medicinal vegetation is planted by the mode of drilling, form biological sand-control system the 4th guard plot, road (4), the length and width of guard plot (4) are 300 meters × 100 meters.
Plant Xinjiang poplar along perpendicular to prevailing wind direction direction in the medium and small block of step b (8), seeding row spacing is 2 meters × 2 meters, plants great Ye clover in the Xinjiang poplar sylvan life of plantation by the mode of drilling.
Ditch (11) spacing of steps d plantation ditch (11) is 3 meters, and the spacing in the rows of the high forest fruit black walnut of plantation is 2 meters.
The construction method of the peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system in oasis under flood irrigation condition of the present invention, the key that the peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system in the method oasis under flood irrigation condition builds is the reasonable disposition of plant species and the efficiency utilization of water resource.On the basis of carrying out species water consumption test for many years, water consumption feature and the water utilization rule of different plant species is proposed; On the basis of carrying out long-term species configuration test, disclose the bioecology feature of different plant species.Based on Plant Water Consumption characteristic sum reasonable disposition relation, research and develop the forming types of water-saving biological sand-control system, be the characteristics and innovation of this method, mainly comprise following main points:
(1)the species configuring technical of peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system first district (natural shrub-herbaceous plant recovery district) in oasis and Irrigation: namely utilize the flood in spring and summer to carry out flood diversion for irrigation, the natural vegetation in this region is recovered by the method for human assistance, mainly comprise Chinese tamarisk, camel thorn, colored bavin and some ephemerals (salt sward, salsola collina etc.), make it form the first guard plot of biological sand-control system.The length and width of this guard plot are 300 meters × 50 meters;
(2)the species configuring technical of peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system second district (artificial arbor-pasture growing district) in oasis and Irrigation: namely by adopting the cropping pattern of little bulk, plantation arbor (Xinjiang poplar) and herbage (great Ye clover), the area of block of cells is length and width is 10 meters × 5 meters, Xinjiang poplar is planted along perpendicular to prevailing wind direction direction in fritter, seeding row spacing is 2 meters × 2 meters, sylvan life plants great Ye clover by the mode of drilling, so not only can accomplish the Appropriate application in space and soil, gather in the crops more biomass, this two Plants can be utilized again to need the basically identical property of water feature to carry out regularly reasonably flood diversion for irrigation simultaneously, the configuration of this two Plants forms the second guard plot of biological sand-control system, the length and width of this guard plot are 300 meters × 50 meters,
(3)the species configuring technical of peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system the 3rd district (artificial bio-membrane's isolated area) in oasis and Irrigation: namely by adopting the mode of trench plantation and furrow irrigation to plant dungarunga (Manchurian ash), plantation furrow width 1 meter, dark 0.6 meter, ditch spacing is 2 meters, this planting patterns can adopt furrow irrigation to irrigate, be characterized in irrigating conveniently, save water resource, water capacity is large, this growing area constitutes the 3rd guard plot, road of biological sand-control system, the effect preventing and isolate damage by disease and insect and occur and propagate can be played, the length and width of this guard plot are 300 meters × 20 meters,
(4)the species configuring technical in peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system the 4th district, oasis (the economic plants growing area such as woods fruit and medicinal herbs) and Irrigation: namely plant high forest fruit (black walnut) and medicinal vegetation (mainly Uygur medicine) by adopting trench plantation and little bulk to plant the mode combined, plantation furrow width 1 meter, dark 0.6 meter, the plant distance of high forest fruit is 2 meters, ditch spacing is 3 meters, the area of little block growing area is length and width is 4 meters × 2 meters, plants Uygur medicine by the mode of drilling.So not only can accomplish the Appropriate application in space and soil, gather in the crops more biomass, this two Plants can be utilized again simultaneously to need the basic simlarity of water feature to carry out regularly reasonably flood diversion for irrigation.This planting patterns can adopt furrow irrigation and little bulk to irrigate the method combined and irrigate, and is characterized in that irrigation is convenient, saves water resource, water capacity is large.This growing area constitutes the 4th guard plot, road of biological sand-control system, and the length and width of this guard plot are 300 meters × 100 meters.
On the basis of the water consumption feature and ecological and biological characteristic that take into full account each plant species, according to water consumption feature and the water utilization rule of different plant species, grasp water utilization feature and the adaptability thereof of different plant, this had both embodied plant rationally and effectively utilizing moisture, in turn ensure that the quick growth of plant and the normal performance of benefit thereof.
On the basis of carrying out long-term species configuration test, according to the bioecology feature of variant species, in conjunction with Consumption Characteristics and the water utilization rule of different plant species, propose the allocation plan between different plant species, biological sand-control system has embodied a concentrated reflection of the configuration of the configuration of deep rooting plant and shallow rooted plant, arbor-shrub-herbal configuration, the configuration of sun plant and shade plant, securing plant and economic plants.These different plant species configuration modes and configuring technical are the key technologies during the peripheral biological sand-control system of water-saving oasis builds.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Experiment and demonstration is carried out: concrete operations follow these steps to carry out in the structure of the present invention's water-saving biological sand-control system of and periphery, oasis, Pishan peripheral at the SPOT image of potentials in southern fringe of Taklamakan Desert:
Natural shrub-herbaceous plant recovery district is built:
A, the Chinese tamarisk 5 of original irregular distribution, camel thorn 6, colored bavin 7 and some ephemeral salt swards or salsola collina carried out recovery and repair, form the first guard plot 1 of biological sand-control system, the length and width of guard plot 1 are 300 meters × 50 meters;
Artificial arbor-pasture growing district builds:
B, block of cells 8 cropping pattern is adopted after in first guard plot 1, plantation arbor Xinjiang poplar and herbage great Ye clover, the area length and width of block of cells 8 are 10 meters × 5 meters, Xinjiang poplar is planted along perpendicular to prevailing wind direction direction in block of cells 8, seeding row spacing is 2 meters × 2 meters, Xinjiang poplar sylvan life plants great Ye clover by the mode of drilling, form the second guard plot 2 of biological sand-control system, the length and width of guard plot 2 are 300 meters × 50 meters, so not only can accomplish the Appropriate application in space and soil, gather in the crops more biomass, this two Plants can be utilized again to need the basically identical property of water feature to carry out regularly reasonably flood diversion for irrigation simultaneously,
Artificial bio-membrane's isolated area is built:
C, artificial bio-membrane's isolated area is set behind second guard plot 2, the mode of plantation ditch 9 and furrow irrigation is adopted to plant dungarunga Manchurian ash, plantation ditch 9 is wide 1 meter, dark 0.6 meter, ditch 9 spacing is 2 meters, forms the 3rd guard plot, road 3 of biological sand-control system, the length and width of guard plot 3 are 300 meters × 20 meters, this planting patterns can adopt furrow irrigation to irrigate, and is characterized in irrigating conveniently, saves water resource, water capacity is large, can play the effect preventing and isolate damage by disease and insect and occur and propagate;
The economic plants growing areas such as woods fruit and medicinal herbs are built:
D, adopt plantation ditch 11 and Small burden 10 kinds to plant the mode combined after in the 3rd guard plot, road 3 and plant high forest fruit black walnut and medicinal vegetation safflower, wolf's milk or alpine yallow herb (mainly Uygur medicine), plantation ditch 11 is wide 1 meter, the dark 0.6 meter of plantation high forest fruit black walnut of ditch 11, the area length and width of Small burden 10 growing area are 4 meters × 2 meters, medicinal vegetation is planted by the mode of drilling, form biological sand-control system the 4th guard plot, road 4, the length and width of guard plot 4 are 300 meters × 100 meters, so not only can accomplish the Appropriate application in space and soil, gather in the crops more biomass, this two Plants can be utilized again to need the basic simlarity of water feature to carry out regularly reasonably flood diversion for irrigation simultaneously, this planting patterns can adopt furrow irrigation and little bulk to irrigate the method combined and irrigate, be characterized in irrigating conveniently, save water resource, water capacity is large.
Through long-term technical research, the method carries out experiment and demonstration in the SPOT image of potentials in southern fringe of Taklamakan Desert and oasis, Pishan frequently in shortage of water resources and hazards of sand storms, and obtains good result.Biological sand-control system has now been brought into normal play function.This Technique Popularizing is applied to other condition zone similarities by plan.
The method is utilized to build in the production practices of the peripheral biological sand-control system in oasis under flood irrigation condition, the survival rate of species is protected to more than 90% in protection system, the survival rate of economic species is to more than 80%, and the average water use efficiency of plant improves more than 20%.The entirety growth situation of biological sand-control system is good, and protection benefit and economic benefit progressively manifest.
Claims (1)
1. the construction method of the peripheral water-saving biological sand-control system in oasis under flood irrigation condition, is characterized in that following these steps to carry out:
A, the Chinese tamarisk (5) of original irregular distribution, camel thorn (6), colored bavin (7) and some ephemeral salt swards and salsola collina carried out recovery and repair, form the first guard plot (1) of biological sand-control system, the length and width of guard plot (1) are 300 meters × 50 meters;
B, adopt the cropping pattern of block of cells (8) afterwards in first guard plot (1), plantation arbor Xinjiang poplar and herbage great Ye clover, the area length and width of block of cells (8) are 10 meters × 5 meters, form the second guard plot (2) of biological sand-control system, the length and width of guard plot (2) are 300 meters × 50 meters, wherein plant Xinjiang poplar along perpendicular to prevailing wind direction direction in block of cells (8), seeding row spacing is 2 meters × 2 meters, plants great Ye clover in the Xinjiang poplar sylvan life of plantation by the mode of drilling;
C, artificial bio-membrane's isolated area is set after second guard plot (2), the mode of plantation ditch (9) and furrow irrigation is adopted to plant dungarunga Manchurian ash, plantation ditch (9) is wide 1 meter, dark 0.6 meter, ditch (9) spacing is 2 meters, form the 3rd guard plot, road (3) of biological sand-control system, the length and width of guard plot (3) are 300 meters × 20 meters;
D, adopt in the 3rd guard plot, road (3) plantation ditch (11) and Small burden (10) to plant the mode combined afterwards and plant high forest fruit black walnut and medicinal vegetation safflower, wolf's milk and alpine yallow herb, plantation ditch (11) is wide 1 meter, the dark 0.6 meter of plantation high forest fruit black walnut of ditch (11), the area length and width of Small burden (10) growing area are 4 meters × 2 meters, medicinal vegetation is planted by the mode of drilling, form biological sand-control system the 4th guard plot, road (4), the length and width of guard plot (4) are 300 meters × 100 meters, ditch (11) spacing of wherein planting ditch (11) is 3 meters, the spacing in the rows of the high forest fruit black walnut of plantation is 2 meters.
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| CN102301935A (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2012-01-04 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for retrofitting Calligonum mongolicum mature forest of arid regions |
| CN102388733A (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2012-03-28 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for utilizing perennial plant Alhagi sparsifolia in arid area |
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