CN103003542A - 绝热的隔离元件的制造方法和特别是用于内燃机的排气管的隔离元件 - Google Patents

绝热的隔离元件的制造方法和特别是用于内燃机的排气管的隔离元件 Download PDF

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CN103003542A
CN103003542A CN2012800020165A CN201280002016A CN103003542A CN 103003542 A CN103003542 A CN 103003542A CN 2012800020165 A CN2012800020165 A CN 2012800020165A CN 201280002016 A CN201280002016 A CN 201280002016A CN 103003542 A CN103003542 A CN 103003542A
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bellows
isolated component
particle
heat insulator
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I·加尔特纳
H·赫比施
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BOA Balg und Kompensatoren Technologie GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D65/00—Designing, manufacturing, e.g. assembling, facilitating disassembly, or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1811—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1811—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N13/1816—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration the pipe sections being joined together by flexible tubular elements only, e.g. using bellows or strip-wound pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L27/00—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement
    • F16L27/10—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F16L27/1004—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations introduced in exhaust pipes for hot gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L27/00—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement
    • F16L27/10—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F16L27/107—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations the ends of the pipe being interconnected by a flexible sleeve
    • F16L27/11—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations the ends of the pipe being interconnected by a flexible sleeve the sleeve having the form of a bellows with multiple corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/16—Arrangements specially adapted to local requirements at flanges, junctions, valves or the like
    • F16L59/18—Arrangements specially adapted to local requirements at flanges, junctions, valves or the like adapted for joints
    • F16L59/185—Adjustable joints, joints allowing movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/16—Arrangements specially adapted to local requirements at flanges, junctions, valves or the like
    • F16L59/21—Arrangements specially adapted to local requirements at flanges, junctions, valves or the like adapted for expansion-compensation devices

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用来制造绝热的隔离元件（1）的方法以及隔离元件本身，其中，绝热体（8）沿波纹管的波纹区域设置。绝热体包括具有绝热的颗粒的涂层。在此，在安置绝热之后波纹管仍然具有可运动性。

Description

绝热的隔离元件的制造方法和特别是用于内燃机的排气管的隔离元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用来通过涂覆绝热体来制造特别是用于内燃机的排气管的绝热的隔离元件（Entkopplungselement）的方法以及特别是用于内燃机的排气管的隔离元件，该隔离元件包括波纹管和该波纹管的绝热体。
背景技术
隔离元件作为中间件被安装在机动车的排气管中，以尽可能地隔离运动和振动。为此，该隔离元件具有可运动的金属制波纹管，该波纹管在内部区域中具有用于废气引导和用来保护波纹管的蛇皮软管（Agraffschlauch）。
在现代的废气设备中，对废气的再处理的需求在日益增加，诸如通过炭黑颗粒过滤器。为了使这种设备有利地工作，废气必须具有高温度。一方面为了保障从马达出口到过滤器入口的热损失最小以及另一方面为了使敏感的波纹管相对热的废气流绝热，为了绝缘而在隔离元件内的不同的径向层中或多或少地整合有弹性垫。由DE102007043944A1公知了一种这样的绝热体，其中描述了一种柔性的、具有组合的绝热体和减震体的管道元件。在引导废气的柔性的内部部分与柔性的、气密的外套部分之间设置有由多层构造而成的、具有空心圆筒形状的涂层。
这种结构形式和类似的结构形式的缺点一方面在于隔离元件的减小的柔性且另一方面在于绝缘层的短的使用寿命，这是由于所述结构形式不具有隔离元件的柔性并且由于废气设备的持续振动而承受强载荷。用于绝缘的材料由于其空心圆筒的形状在软管运动被接收时必须承受大的延伸。这附加地严重限制了材料的选择，特别是对耐热材料的选择。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，提供一种隔离元件，尽管具有热绝缘，该隔离元件的可运动性也不受限制。
根据本发明，这个目的通过开头述及类型的方法得以实现，该方法依次实施如下步骤：
a）用连结剂浸润波纹管体的波纹区域中需涂层的区域；
b）使绝热的颗粒在需涂层的区域中分布在所述连结剂上；
c）使所述连结剂干燥；以及
d）清除多余的、未通过所述连结剂与所述波纹管体连接的颗粒。
另外，所述目的通过开头述及类型的隔离元件得以实现，其中，绝热体沿波纹管的波纹区域设置，而且该绝热体包括具有绝热的颗粒的涂层。
在对用于废气管的隔离元件进行绝热处理时，首先用连结剂对波纹被预成形为正弦形的预制的波纹管在该波纹管的确定的位置上进行浸润。在此本发明优选设定：连结剂由漆料构成。本发明的一种特别优选的实施方式特别设定：涂覆漆料作为连结剂。特别是耐高温的漆料适合作为连结剂，如该漆料被应用在熔炉建造中那样。这种漆料以硅树脂为基础、耐热直至600℃并且经受得住大的温度波动。通常通过涂漆进行浸润，其中，采用喷射涂漆或离心旋转涂漆或浸渍涂漆或还有其他类型的涂漆。
所采用的内边缘和外边缘的概念定义如下：一个波纹边缘（Wellenkrempe）是一个环面形的半壳（Halbschale），该半壳在外直径（外边缘）上或在内直径（内边缘）上界定波纹，其中，根据Witzenmann公司的“Handbuch der Wellenschlaeuche（波纹软管手册）”，侧壁为波纹两侧的外边缘与内边缘之间的连接部。
涂层的位置是波纹管壁上的这样的区域，这些区域不通过与相邻的结构部件的接触而承受机械载荷。因此内边缘的外表面、外边缘的内表面以及波纹管侧壁是合适的。在此本发明特别优选设定：连结剂沿波纹管区域的总长度涂覆在该波纹管区域的表面上，其中，所述连结剂在波纹管的外侧涂覆在内边缘的外表面上和/或在波纹管的内侧涂覆在外边缘的内表面上，和/或绝热体在波纹管内部和/或外部涂覆在该波纹管的波纹管侧壁上。
本发明特别优选设定：绝热的颗粒作为绝缘材料通过连结剂固定在波纹管上。在此，绝热的颗粒分布在沿波纹管的涂有连结剂的区域上，其中，通过围绕波纹管的纵轴线的翻转和旋转运动来分布颗粒。在此，颗粒保持粘附在涂有连结剂的区域上。连结剂涂层的厚度可以优选最大为1毫米。
优选采用由气凝胶或者纳米凝胶构成的颗粒。为了实现使颗粒更好地粘附在连结剂上，另外还设定：例如借助挤压芯轴将颗粒压入连结剂。通过等待确定的时间段或者对涂层的区域进行局部加热，促使连结剂干燥。合适的颗粒的粒径典型地为1毫米，即在0.5与1.5毫米之间，然而也可以采用2至5毫米的上限值（obere Werte）。大的颗粒粒度是所期望的，从而这样通过一个颗粒涂层（并非多层颗粒，这在原则上是可能的）实现高绝热。出于经济的原因，连结剂的薄的层厚是所期望的。但是绝缘颗粒必须可靠且持续不断地固定。
然后去除多余的颗粒，其中，这通过简单的倾翻或者颠簸出来进行。特别设定：在波纹管最终变形成钟琴形状（Lyra-Form）之前在波纹管的壁上涂覆绝热体，并且在多余的颗粒被去除之后继续镦锻（gestaucht）所述波纹管，使得波纹管波纹在横截面中获得Ω形。通过由这种涂层构成的绝热体最大程度地保持波纹管的可运动性，通过在镦锻时的磨耗去除了颗粒微粒之间的可能升高的起始摩擦（Anfangsreibung）。
根据本发明的绝热体的主要优点是制造该绝热体的简单的方法，以及最大可能地绝缘的简单的方法，该绝缘通过外边缘中的波纹管内部的以及内边缘中的波纹管外部的重叠的涂层得以实现。作为这样的绝热的涂层是最大柔性的，由此最大可能程度地保持波纹管的可运动性。
附图说明
从权利要求中以及下文的描述中获得本发明的其它的优点和特征，其中参照附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。附图中：
图1为根据本发明的、带有绝热体的隔离元件的一种实施方式的部分纵剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出的是根据本发明的隔离元件1的部分剖视图，该隔离元件具有带有成形为圆筒形的连接区域3以及波纹区域4的波纹管2。波纹区域4在波纹管2的总长度的大部分上延伸并且具有包括向外弯曲的外边缘5和向内弯曲的内边缘6的波纹。在内边缘6与外边缘5之间存在有波纹管侧壁7。
在这种实施方式中，在波纹管2内部设置有绝热体8。绝热体8设置在外边缘5的内侧9上并且与后者通过粘接形状锁合地（formschluessig）连接。绝热体8由连结剂10如诸如漆料和一种通过该连结剂与波纹管2相连接的绝缘材料11连接。所述绝缘材料11包括密封的、绝热的、由气凝胶或纳米凝胶构成的颗粒。这种绝缘材料在图1中通过应当相当于颗粒的各个晶粒的各个点示出。
这样的绝热体8在此如下制造：
在变形之后、即在波纹区域构成正弦形的波纹的设计结构之后，首先借助合适的技术，例如喷射、离心旋转和/或浸渍，为预制的波纹管在需涂层的区域涂覆连结剂10。然后，在漆料干燥之前，将松散材料状的颗粒作为绝缘材料11填入波纹管并且通过使波纹管2围绕其纵轴线旋转以及同时往复翻转地运动而使所述绝缘材料均匀地分布在波纹管2内部，使得所有用连结剂10涂层的区域都与绝缘材料11接触，其中，绝缘材料11保持粘附在连结剂10上。借助于挤压芯轴特别是在波纹管2内部能够将颗粒压紧在连结剂10上。然后必须使连结剂10干燥，这通过简单等待确定的时间单元、吹热风或轻微加热波纹管2得以实现。在下一个步骤中去除多余的颗粒，从而保留绝缘材料11的涂层。最后镦锻波纹管2。通过镦锻实现在图1中所示出的、波纹区域4的各个波纹的钟琴形状。另外，通过镦锻减小了颗粒微粒之间的升高的起始摩擦，通过这种方式实现未被涂层的波纹管2的可运动性。此后可以以通常的方式继续加工波纹管2。
附图标记列表
1   隔离元件
2   波纹管
3   连接区域
4   波纹区域
5   外边缘
6   内边缘
7   波纹管侧壁
8   绝热体
9   外边缘的内侧
10  连结剂
11  绝缘材料

Claims (12)

1.用于通过涂覆绝热体来制造绝热的隔离元件、特别是用于内燃机的排气管的隔离元件的方法，其包括下述步骤：
a）用连结剂浸润波纹管体的波纹区域中需涂层的区域；
b）使绝热的颗粒在需涂层的区域中分布在所述连结剂上；
c）使所述连结剂干燥；以及
d）清除多余的、未通过所述连结剂与所述波纹管体相连接的颗粒。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：涂覆漆料作为所述连结剂。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：将所述连结剂沿波纹管区域的总长度涂覆在该波纹管区域的表面上。
4.如权利要求1至3之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：将所述连结剂涂覆在内边缘的外侧上和/或涂覆在外边缘的内侧上和/或涂覆在波纹管侧壁的至少一个表面上。
5.如权利要求1至4之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：为了更好地附着，将所述颗粒朝向仍然潮湿的所述连结剂挤压。
6.如权利要求1至5之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：在波纹管最终变形为钟琴形状之前将所述颗粒涂覆在该波纹管的壁上，并且在清除多余的颗粒之后继续镦锻所述波纹管，使得所述波纹管波纹在横截面上获得钟琴形状。
7.隔离元件，特别是用于内燃机的排气管的隔离元件，包括波纹管和该波纹管的绝热体，其特征在于：所述绝热体（8）沿所述波纹管（2）的波纹区域（4）设置，而且所述绝热体包括具有绝热的颗粒的涂层。
8.如权利要求7所述的隔离元件，其特征在于：所述绝热的颗粒通过连结剂固定在所述波纹管上。
9.如权利要求8所述的隔离元件，其特征在于：所述连结剂是漆料。
10.如权利要求7至10之任一项所述的隔离元件，其特征在于：所述绝热体（8）在所述波纹管（2）内部和/或外部设置在该波纹管的波纹管侧壁（7）上。
11.如权利要求7至10之任一项所述的隔离元件，其特征在于：所述绝热体（8）在所述波纹管（2）的内侧设置在外边缘（5）的内侧上。
12.如权利要求7至11之任一项所述的隔离元件，其特征在于：所述绝热体（8）在所述波纹管（2）的外侧设置在所述波纹区域（4）的内边缘（6）的外表面上。
CN2012800020165A 2011-03-18 2012-03-12 绝热的隔离元件的制造方法和特别是用于内燃机的排气管的隔离元件 Pending CN103003542A (zh)

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PCT/EP2012/001092 WO2012126580A1 (de) 2011-03-18 2012-03-12 Verfahren zum herstellen eines wärmeisolierten entkopplungselements und ein entkopplungselement, insbesondere für abgasleitungen von verbrennungsmotoren

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