CN102998960A - Timepiece with permanently coupled oscillators - Google Patents

Timepiece with permanently coupled oscillators Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102998960A
CN102998960A CN2012103427832A CN201210342783A CN102998960A CN 102998960 A CN102998960 A CN 102998960A CN 2012103427832 A CN2012103427832 A CN 2012103427832A CN 201210342783 A CN201210342783 A CN 201210342783A CN 102998960 A CN102998960 A CN 102998960A
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oscillator
clock
gear train
frequency
watch
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CN102998960B (en
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J-L·黑尔费尔
T·黑塞勒
T·科尼斯
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G04HOROLOGY
    • G04BMECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/26Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of the impulses
    • GPHYSICS
    • G04HOROLOGY
    • G04BMECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B11/00Click devices; Stop clicks; Clutches
    • G04B11/001Clutch mechanism between two rotating members with transfer of movement in both directions, possibly with limitation on the transfer of power
    • G04B11/003Clutch mechanism between two rotating members with transfer of movement in both directions, possibly with limitation on the transfer of power with friction member, e.g. with spring action
    • GPHYSICS
    • G04HOROLOGY
    • G04BMECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • GPHYSICS
    • G04HOROLOGY
    • G04FTIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F7/00Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means
    • G04F7/04Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means using a mechanical oscillator
    • G04F7/08Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph
    • G04F7/0823Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph with couplings between the chronograph mechanism and the base movement

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Unknown Time Intervals (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a timepiece (1) comprising a first resonator (15) oscillating at a first frequency (f1) and connected by a first gear train (5) to an energy source (9) and a second oscillator (35) oscillating at a second frequency (f2) and connected to a second gear train (25). According to the invention, the second gear train (25) is connected to the first gear train (5) by an elastic coupling means (41), in order to synchronise the rate of the two oscillators (15, 35) using the same energy source (9). The invention concerns the field of precision mechanical timepieces.

Description

Clock and watch with the oscillator that for good and all is linked together
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of clock and watch that have the clock and watch of the oscillator that for good and all is linked together and comprise the above-mentioned type of two oscillators, described oscillator is intended to show that with higher resolution and/or higher degree of accuracy at least one is less than or equal to 1 second numerical value.
Background technology
In order to improve resolution, the clock and watch that form the frequency with raising are known.Yet these clock and watch may be to the very responsive or high energy mechanism of vibrations, and this can not popularize them.
Therefore, obviously,---4Hz typically---displaying time is also installed another high frequency oscillator that is independent of the first oscillator---typically 10Hz or 50Hz---comes to show that with the resolution that improves the time manufacturer's standard movement that is measured is more prone to by LF oscillator is installed.Yet after some seconds, show no longer identical the second that can observe two oscillators.This can make the quality of these clock and watch uncertain.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, overcome above-mentioned all or part of shortcoming by proposing a kind of clock and watch, these clock and watch can with higher resolution displaying time, be guaranteed the common robustness of stem-winder, the energy consumption of reduction and the minimal drift between the oscillator simultaneously.
Therefore, the present invention relates to a kind of clock and watch, these clock and watch comprise the first oscillator and the second oscillator, this first oscillator is connected on the energy source with the first frequency vibration and by the first gear train, this second oscillator vibrates with second frequency and is connected on the second gear train, it is characterized in that the second gear train is connected on the first gear train by elastic connecting device, in order to will use the speed of two oscillators of same described energy source synchronous.
Therefore, obviously, even shake, owing to have the structure that allows two oscillator synchronization, so rate variation is minimum.Therefore, can be with higher resolution and/or higher degree of accuracy displaying time according to clock and watch of the present invention, guarantee simultaneously high level robustness, low power consumption and the smallest offset between gear train.
According to other favorable characteristics of the present invention:
-elastic connecting device is formed by spring, this spring a wheel of the first gear train is connected to the second gear train another take turns;
-elastic connecting device connects respectively the fourth round of the first gear train and the fourth round of the second gear train;
-choose as the oscillator of benchmark and admit the most of moment that comes from energy source, and preferably this moment at least 75%;
-the oscillator chosen as benchmark has than the higher-quality tautochronism of another oscillator, be beneficial to described another oscillator synchronously;
-the oscillator chosen as benchmark has the quality factor higher than another oscillator;
-described another oscillator has the quality factor less than 100, in order to obtain stable faster;
-first frequency is identical with second frequency and is preferably greater than 5Hz, so that with higher resolution and/or higher degree of accuracy displaying time;
-first frequency is different from second frequency, and changing resolution and/or to improve degree of accuracy, and preferably, one of them in two frequencies equals 1Hz at least, and another frequency is between 1Hz and 5Hz;
-the oscillator chosen as benchmark is the first oscillator or the second oscillator.
-clock and watch comprise the timekeeping system that can disconnect, and one of them in this timekeeping system and the gear train is one;
-clock and watch comprise the display device that shows less than 1 second numerical value, and this display device for good and all or non-permanently is fixed in the gear train one of them.
Description of drawings
From the explanation that provides via non-limiting example below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, will find further feature and advantage, wherein:
-Fig. 1 is the example according to clock and watch of the present invention.
-Fig. 2 is the example according to elastic connecting device of the present invention.
-Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are for the synchronization simulation according to two exemplary clock and watch of the present invention.
Embodiment
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the present invention relates to a kind of clock and watch 1, these clock and watch 1 comprise the first resonator 3, and this first resonator 3 is connected on the energy source 9 by the first gear train 5 via the first escapement 7.Therefore the first resonator 3 and the first escapement 7 form with first frequency f 1The first oscillator 15 of vibration.Clock and watch 1 also comprise via the second escapement 27 and are connected to the second resonator 23 on the second gear train 25.Therefore the second resonator 23 and the second escapement 27 form with second frequency f 2The second oscillator 35 of vibration.
Advantageously, according to the present invention, the second gear train 25 for good and all is connected on the first gear train 5 by elastic connecting device 41, in order to will use two oscillators 15 of same energy source 9,35 speed synchronous.Shown in the example among Fig. 1, energy source 9 is going barrel preferably, that is, and and the mechanical energy accumulator source.
Preferably, according to the present invention, elastic connecting device 41 is formed by spring 43, this spring 43 wheel of the first gear train 5 is connected to the second gear train 25 another take turns.As shown in Figure 2, preferably, according to the present invention, elastic connecting device 41 connects respectively the fourth round of the first gear train 5 and the fourth round of the second gear train 25.
Preferably, according to the present invention, can see, use two-wheel 42.As more being shown clearly among Fig. 2, it is formed by the first dish the 45 and second dish 47, and this first dish 45 is connected on the first gear train 5 via breast wheel 46, and this second coils 47 and be connected to directly or indirectly on the second gear train 25.Two dishes 45,47 respectively loosely and be fixedly secured on the axle 48.At last, the spring 43 of elastic connecting device 41 is preferably mounted between the axle collar 50 of securing member 49 and axle 48, and this securing member 49 is installed on the wheel rim of dish 45.Therefore, obviously, dish 45 and 47 and gear train 5 and 25 can be by the resilient connection angular variation (angularly shift) of spring 43 by way of parenthesis.
Advantageously, according to the present invention, time showing---namely, hour, minute and/or second---can use the first gear train 5 or the second gear train 25 to realize.
According to the desirable application of clock and watch, first frequency f 1With second frequency f 2Can be identical or not identical.Therefore, in the first embodiment, first frequency f 1With second frequency f 2Be identical and be preferably greater than 5Hz, so that with higher resolution and/or higher degree of accuracy displaying time.In this embodiment, frequency f 1, f 2Can for example equal 10Hz or 50Hz, be used for showing respectively 1 second 1/20 or 1/100.
Therefore, according to the oscillator of choosing as benchmark, with hour and minute display device be installed in choose as on the gear train of the described oscillator of benchmark and with second display device to be installed on the gear train of the second oscillator may be useful.In fact, observe, when vibrations occured, second display device may produce the amplitude that can change described oscillator and the induced moment of speed in oscillator.
In a second embodiment, first frequency f 1Greater than second frequency f 2, so that with higher resolution and/or higher degree of accuracy displaying time.With the similar mode of the first embodiment in, first frequency f 1At least equal 10Hz, and second frequency f 2Preferably between 1Hz and 5Hz.In fact, by example, may wish increases in the mode in one step of per second second, that is, and and second frequency f 2Equal 1Hz, " as " the quartz watch.
In the 3rd embodiment, first frequency f 1Less than second frequency f 2, so that with higher resolution and/or higher degree of accuracy displaying time.In this embodiment opposite with the second embodiment, can obtain identical advantage.
Hereinafter carry out emulation with to describing synchronously between these two oscillators 15 and 35.Choosing arbitrarily the 3rd embodiment explains.Therefore, the oscillator 15 of choosing as benchmark is low frequency types, and is known as the first oscillator.Therefore, in the example below, the second oscillator is with by the high frequency oscillator 35 synchronous with LF oscillator 15.
Preferably, according to the present invention, the second oscillator 35 is chosen for has non-isochronous by force according to amplitude, this strong non-isochronous amplitude when being zero by non-isochronous slope (anisochronism slope) Γ and speed
Figure BDA00002142330500041
Describe.In addition, because the first oscillator 15 is chosen as benchmark, by its amplitude of slight change, the first oscillator 15 has the speed that is substantially zero all the time.
Whether emulation is illustrated in the variation in two oscillators 15,35, that is, along with the time changes their amplitude and the difference of phase, this means therefore that it can be checked can make the second oscillator 35 and the first oscillator 15 synchronous.
Preferably, the second oscillator 35 is configured so that, when it at amplitude During lower vibration, its speed is zero, when it greater than
Figure BDA00002142330500043
Amplitude under when vibrating, its speed is being for just, and when it less than
Figure BDA00002142330500044
Amplitude under when vibrating, its speed is for negative.
In addition, elastic connecting device 41 is designed so that, if two gear trains 5,25 are rotated with identical speed, the torque keeping that then passes to the second gear train 25 is constant, if the second gear train 25 to the first gear trains 5 are advanced soon (spring 43 is loosening), the moment that then passes to the second gear train 25 reduces, and if the second gear train 25 advance soon (spring 43 is just wound) not as the first gear train 5, the moment that then passes to the second gear train 25 increases.
If satisfy above-mentioned condition, clock and watch will move to steady state (SS) all the time, and in steady state (SS), the second oscillator is at amplitude
Figure BDA00002142330500051
Lower vibration, spring 43 will make the second oscillator 35 remain on amplitude
Figure BDA00002142330500052
Lower necessary moment M 2Pass to the second gear train 25.
Therefore, if the second oscillator 35 receives less than M 2Moment, then its amplitude reduces, that is, it have less than
Figure BDA00002142330500053
Amplitude.As mentioned above, its speed becomes negative, that is, the second oscillator 35 lags behind the first oscillator 15 of choosing as benchmark.
Therefore, obviously, when winding---that is, increasing the moment that passes to the second gear train 25---to connecting spring 43, the second gear train 25 to the first gear trains 5 are rotated slowly.Therefore, because moment increases the amplitude automatic calibration of the second oscillator 35.Therefore, can observe, the moment of the second oscillator 35 and amplitude are by structurally synchronous at stable moment M 2With stable amplitude
Figure BDA00002142330500054
On.Similarly, if the moment that receives surpasses moment M 2, then the amplitude of the second oscillator 35 becomes greater than numerical value The speed that this means the second oscillator 35 will be positive.When spring 43 is loosened, so the second gear train 25 leading the first gear trains 5.Therefore, the moment on the second gear train 25 will be towards stable moment M 2Reduce, and the amplitude of the second oscillator 35 amplitude that will again tend towards stability
Figure BDA00002142330500056
Therefore, can see, not consider what state, when no matter being the table startup, or after shaking, system all will tend to stablizing under steady state (SS) all the time, and under steady state (SS), the moment on the second gear train 25 is numerical value M 2, and the amplitude of the second oscillator 35 is numerical value
Figure BDA00002142330500057
Preferably, according to the present invention, suppose going barrel moment 9 and two oscillators 15,35 frequency f 1, f 2It is given parameter.Therefore, obviously, the parameter that also will choose is as follows:
-two oscillators 15,35 " size " (if resonator 3, the 23rd, the hair-spring balance type, the fast I of inertia for example then 1, I 2" size ");
-two oscillators 15,35 quality factor: Q 1, Q 2(these quality factor are functions of the size of oscillator);
The non-isochronous slope of the-the second oscillator: Γ;
The amplitude of the-the second oscillator when its speed is zero:
Figure BDA00002142330500061
The moment M of-spring 43 2
The angular rigidity K of-spring 43.
Preferably, according to the present invention, parameter is chosen as follows:
-hope passes to the component of the resultant couple of the second oscillator, and this component is given moment values M 2According to the present invention, most of moment in the first oscillator 15 received energy sources 9, and preferably at least its 75%;
-need the second oscillator to stablize the amplitude at place, place
Figure BDA00002142330500062
(therefore, the second oscillator must be designed so that its speed is substantially zero under this amplitude);
The size of the-the second oscillator (for example size of inertial mass) is so that receive moment M when it 2The time, stabilized amplitude is
Figure BDA00002142330500063
(via quality factor);
The size of the-the first oscillator (for example size of inertial mass), its stable amplitude is acceptable (via quality factor) so that make;
The non-isochronous slope Γ of the-the second oscillator 35;
The stiffness K of-spring 43;
Advantageously, according to the present invention, also preferred " adjustment " K and Γ, so that:
-pass to gear train 25 moment can vanishing;
The speed of the-the second oscillator 35 keeps the zero frequency near it;
-state between two oscillators 25,35 is little when drifting in " startup ";
-stabilization time is enough short.
On the experience, confirm, preferably keep product K Γ to equate, in order to when continuing to approach, have identical stabilization time.Therefore, increase K(and therefore reduce the Γ equal number) can reduce the fluctuation (therefore, preventing that moment is cancelled) of amplitude and moment.Yet this had also increased maximum state skew and momentary rate before stable, and this momentary rate can be changed into quite large.Therefore, must between these two effects, find compromise.
Can also observe, increase and to be shortened stabilization time by the frequency of synchronous oscillator (above-mentioned the second oscillator 35).At last, in process of the test, confirm, reduce also can be shortened stabilization time by the quality factor of synchronous oscillator (above-mentioned the second oscillator 35).
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 illustrate the emulation that realizes by exemplary enforcement.In Fig. 3, f 1=4Hz, f 2=10Hz, Q 1=200, Q 2=50; In Fig. 4, f 1=4Hz, f 2=50Hz, Q 1=200, Q 2=50, wherein, the product K Γ that is used for each emulation equates.
If each oscillator receives the whole moments that come from energy source, then the A of every width of cloth figure part is corresponding to the amplitude of each oscillator component with respect to reference amplitude.Should be noted that, for the example in the accompanying drawing, be the selected amplitude of the second oscillator
Figure BDA00002142330500071
About 1/3.Therefore, after 2 seconds and 1.5 seconds, each oscillator settles out under its sync amplitude respectively.
The component of the moment that the B of every width of cloth figure part receives from energy source corresponding to each oscillator.Should be noted that, for the example in the accompanying drawing, be that the ratio of the selected moment of the second oscillator is about 10%.Therefore, after 2 seconds and 1.5 seconds, each oscillator receives the moment of its ratio in stable mode respectively.
The C part of every width of cloth figure is corresponding to the speed of the second oscillator.Therefore, should be noted that after 5.5 seconds and 2 seconds, the second oscillator is stabilized near its zero-speed rate respectively.
At last, the D of every width of cloth figure part is corresponding to the difference of the state of the second between each oscillator.Therefore, should be noted that after 5 seconds and 2 seconds, difference is stabilized in its remainder value respectively.
Therefore, the A-D of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 part ideally illustrates above-mentioned conclusion.Therefore, obviously, if shake, then owing to there is the structure that allows two oscillator synchronization, rate variation will be minimum.Therefore, can be with higher resolution and/or higher degree of accuracy displaying time according to clock and watch of the present invention, guarantee simultaneously high level robustness, low power consumption and the smallest offset between gear train 5,25.
In addition, in test process, find, not only choose the first oscillator as benchmark preferably have than the higher-quality tautochronism of the second oscillator be beneficial to described the second oscillator synchronously, and second oscillator preferably have than the lower quality factor of the first oscillator and preferably be lower than 100 in order to obtain stable faster, that is, typically less than 2 seconds.
Certainly, the example that foregoing invention is not limited to illustrate, those skilled in the art can carry out various modification and change is apparent.Especially, can not change owing to relate separately to the conclusion of the first oscillator and the second oscillator, no matter the oscillator of therefore choosing as benchmark is that the first oscillator 15 should the second oscillator 35 all be equally.
Therefore, for opposite with above-mentioned example, the oscillator of choosing as benchmark can be to be chosen for to have high-frequency the second oscillator 35, in order to form accurate clock and watch.In this case, time showing is preferably used and is chosen for the first gear train 5 realizations with low-frequency first oscillator, so that the moment that restriction is caused by any vibrations is sent to the second high frequency oscillator 35.
In addition, as substituting of above-mentioned disclosed oscillator, the oscillator that preferably has the frequency that equals at least 10Hz can be Clifford oscillator (referring to for example CH patent NO.386344, this patent is combined in herein by reference).In addition, the oscillator that has a frequency between 1Hz and 5Hz preferably the hair-spring balance type and have a Swiss lever formula escapement.
Certainly, elastic connecting device is not limited to the two-wheel 42 that cooperates with spring 43 as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.It is contemplated that other elastic connecting device, disclosed elastic connecting device in patent documentation PCT/EP2011/061244 for example, this patent documentation is combined in herein by reference.
Advantageously, according to the present invention, obviously, therefore clock and watch can comprise structurally that for the display device of demonstration less than 1 second numerical value this display device forever or is non-permanently fixed (that is, via coupling arrangement) on the gear train 5,25 with high frequency oscillator.Therefore, if oscillator during with the vibration of 10Hz at least, this numerical value can for example be low to moderate 1/20 second, if when perhaps oscillator was with 50Hz vibration at least, this numerical value can for example be low to moderate 1/100 second.This clock and watch even can comprise the timekeeping system that can disconnect, this timekeeping system also is fixed on the first or second gear train 5,25.
At last, if the non-isochronous of the second oscillator is nonlinear, the then further behavior of optimization system.By example, the second oscillator can have near the non-isochronous by force of low non-isochronous and far from equilibrium amplitude equilibrium amplitude, otherwise or.

Claims (16)

1. clock and watch (1), these clock and watch (1) comprise the first oscillator (15) and the second oscillator (35), this first oscillator (15) is with first frequency (f 1) vibration and be connected on the energy source (9) by the first gear train (5), this second oscillator (35) is with second frequency (f 2) vibrate and be connected on the second gear train (25), it is characterized in that, described the second gear train (25) is connected on described the first gear train (5) by elastic connecting device (41), in order to will use the speed of described two oscillators (15,35) of same described energy source (9) synchronous.
2. clock and watch according to claim 1 (1), it is characterized in that, described elastic connecting device (41) is formed by spring (43), this spring (43) wheel of described the first gear train (5) is connected to described the second gear train (25) another take turns.
3. clock and watch according to claim 2 (1) is characterized in that, described elastic connecting device (41) respectively with the fourth round of described the first gear train (5) be connected the fourth round of the second gear train (25) and be connected.
4. clock and watch according to claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, the oscillator (15,35) of choosing as benchmark is admitted the most of moment that comes from described energy source (9).
5. clock and watch according to claim 4 (1) is characterized in that, choose oscillator (15,35) as benchmark at least 75% of the moment that provided by described energy source (9) is provided.
6. clock and watch according to claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, the oscillator (15,35) of choosing as benchmark has than the higher-quality tautochronism of another oscillator (35,15), are beneficial to the synchronous of described another oscillator.
7. clock and watch according to claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, the oscillator (15,35) of choosing as benchmark has the quality factor (Q higher than another oscillator 1, Q 2).
8. clock and watch according to claim 7 (1) is characterized in that, described another oscillator (15,35) has the quality factor less than 100, in order to obtain stable faster.
9. clock and watch according to claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, described first frequency (f 1) and second frequency (f 2) be identical.
10. clock and watch according to claim 9 (1) is characterized in that, described two frequency (f 2, f 1) all greater than 5Hz, so that with higher resolution and/or higher degree of accuracy displaying time.
11. clock and watch according to claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, described first frequency (f 1) and described second frequency (f 2) difference, to change resolution and/or to improve degree of accuracy.
12. clock and watch according to claim 11 (1) is characterized in that, described two frequency (f 1, f 2) in one of them equal at least 10Hz, and another frequency (f 2, f 1) between 1Hz and 5Hz.
13. clock and watch according to claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, the oscillator (15,35) of choosing as benchmark is described the second oscillator (35).
14. clock and watch according to claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, the oscillator of choosing as benchmark is described the first oscillator (15).
15. clock and watch according to claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, these clock and watch (1) comprise the timekeeping system that can disconnect, and one of them in this timekeeping system and the described gear train (5,25) is one.
16. according to each the described clock and watch (1) in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, these clock and watch (1) comprise the display device that shows less than 1 second numerical value, and this display device forever or non-permanently is fixed in the described gear train (5,25) one of them.
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