CN102978983B - A kind of Industrial maize straw raw material - Google Patents
A kind of Industrial maize straw raw material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102978983B CN102978983B CN201210492458.4A CN201210492458A CN102978983B CN 102978983 B CN102978983 B CN 102978983B CN 201210492458 A CN201210492458 A CN 201210492458A CN 102978983 B CN102978983 B CN 102978983B
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Abstract
A kind of corn stalk raw material is the mixture of maize straw skin, leaf and flesh; After adopting harvest corn, the complete green maize straw of 1 ~ 15 day is prepared into, the moisture of described corn stalk raw material is 16 ~ 45%, wherein main component accounts for the mass percent of dry weight and is: cellulose 33 ~ 49%, hemicellulose 15 ~ 27%, lignin 11 ~ 13.3%, water-soluble sugar 2 ~ 12%, preferred cellulose 35 ~ 47%, hemicellulose 20 ~ 25%, lignin 12 ~ 13.3%, water-soluble sugar 2 ~ 10%.Also containing alcohol-benzene extractive and ash content in described corn stalk raw material.The fiber content of corn stalk raw material of the present invention is higher, soluble sugar content is lower, thus reduce further its possibility that is mouldy, fermentation, advantageously in storage and transport, and more adapts to the industry needs such as papermaking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of maize straw, specifically, relate to a kind of Industrial maize straw raw material.
Background technology
China is one of country of enriching the most of stalk resource in the world, and the output of annual all kinds of agricultural crop straw reaches 700,000,000 more than t.Corn is as one of Three major grain crops, and the annual production of its byproduct maize straw reaches about 2.5 hundred million t, accounts for 30% more than of all kinds of agricultural crop straw total amount, is only second to the U.S. in the world and occupies second.
The output of maize straw is so abundant, is not but utilized by rationally effective all the time.The mode of past people Treating straw is the material of small part as warming & cooking or the roughage of ruminant, major part abandon in ground or on-site incineration, Dark smoke billows, not only contaminated environment, destroy traffic, return the production of people, life, property bring threat.Along with the progress of science and technology and resource, the growing in intensity of energy crisis; the Chinese government and the people recognize the importance of Appropriate application agricultural crop straw; took much count of the comprehensive utilization of agricultural crop straw up till now from about 1980, many enterprises, Research Center and colleges and universities are all in the new way finding maize straw comprehensive utilization always.Current maize straw all has utilization in various degree in plant husbandry, animal husbandry and industrial production, but due to the restriction of technical merit and machining level, still belongs to the roughing stage to the utilization of maize straw.Major part utilize for be whole strain stalk, whole strain is processed, and its crust and interior flesh disturb mutually, bring insoluble obstacle to many Application way.
Maize straw is made up of straw skin, straw flesh and straw leaf, and skin, flesh and leaf each several part ingredient are different, have different purposes, is a kind of rare corn stalk raw material.Main Ingredients and Appearance as straw skin is cellulose and lignin, and its intensity is high, good toughness, is the upper good material of the industry such as papermaking, wood-based plate.Straw flesh and straw leaf contain abundant crude protein, crude fat, hemicellulose and sugar etc., are the excellent food of educating poultry.But used as feed before not being separated, palatability is poor, and grazing rate is low, bradymassesis.When searching for food, consume more physical efficiency, in process of feeding, also waste part fine fodder; When using it for papermaking, due to sugar and protein content high, cause slurry viscosity large, production efficiency is low, cost increase; During for wood-based plate, due to the existence of straw flesh, the water imbibition of plate is large, and quality difficulty reaches a standard.
And the maize straw stem stalk to gather in due to whole strain is thick and stiff, natural density is little, and (the Dry corn stalk stalk density of stacking through measuring and calculating nature is only 35 ~ 45kg/m
3), therefore, the maize straw adopting whole strain to gather in the crops stores and transport is a great problem, usually due to the existence of moisture, cost of transportation is increased, and in storage and transportation, cause a large amount of rotting, thus limits its application.The way of both economical practicality is harvesting limit, limit silk, and the stalk quality after silk becomes soft in small, broken bits, and natural resiliency reduces greatly.Adopt hydraulic pressure packaging technique, by the straw compression packing after silk, form the square bale of high density, profile rule.Be conducive to storage and the transport of stalk, can substitute feed grass as the grain ration of surviving the winter of cattle and sheep, also can long distance transportation as the raw material of industry.Maize straw rubs a technology, bundling technology is a kind of novel straw processing method that developed recently gets up, " maize straw rubs the development of silk, bundling outfit " (Xinjiang agricultural machanization, the 2nd phase in 2008) discloses a kind of maize straw and rubs silk, bundling outfit; " the careless technology of silk system is rubbed in maize straw mechanization " (science and technology of the farm machinery is promoted, 2004.11) a kind of maize straw rubbing technology is proposed, becoming the horizontal guillotine cutting of traditional maize straw into longitudinal wire squeeze rubs, maize straw rubbing is become soft thread forage grass, maize straw, after wire squeeze rubbing, destroys stalk epidermal structure, makes forage grass soft, good palatability, can improve grazing rate.But above-mentioned technology is only limitted to be used for forage grass by after maize straw wire squeeze, greatly limit its range of application.
Thus, how the skin of maize straw, flesh and leaf are carried out suitable being separated, improve serviceability, to provide a kind of corn stalk raw material of performance improvement, widen its Application Areas, improve value, just become the key link of corn stalk raw material comprehensive utilization.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is to propose a kind of Industrial maize straw raw material.
In order to realize object of the present invention, the technical scheme of employing is:
A kind of Industrial maize straw raw material, described corn stalk raw material is that the complete green maize straw of after adopting harvest corn 1 ~ 15 day is prepared into, the moisture of described corn stalk raw material is 16 ~ 45%, be preferably 18 ~ 45%, wherein main component accounts for the mass percent of dry weight and is: cellulose 33 ~ 49%, hemicellulose 15 ~ 27%, lignin 11 ~ 13.3%, water-soluble sugar 2 ~ 12%, preferred cellulose 35 ~ 47%, hemicellulose 20 ~ 25%, lignin 12 ~ 13.3%, water-soluble sugar 2 ~ 10%.
After harvest corn, the moisture of complete green maize straw of 1 ~ 15 day is 60 ~ 75%.
First optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: described corn stalk raw material is the mixture of maize straw skin, leaf and flesh, and the mass percent of described flesh in corn stalk raw material is 1 ~ 7%, is preferably 2 ~ 4%.
Second optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: described corn stalk raw material is at least containing strip straw skin, the mixture of maize straw skin bunch fiber and corn stalk fiber, described strip straw skin is the maize straw skin with certain length and width, described maize straw skin bunch fiber at least comprises maize straw tubercle part, with the corn stalk fiber of tubercle part compound and the fiber of bunchy, described corn stalk fiber at least comprises thread corn stalk fiber, described flesh comprise depart from skin graft free flesh and be attached on skin graft in conjunction with flesh.
3rd optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: described corn stalk raw material is that the complete green maize straw of after adopting harvest corn 3 ~ 12 days is prepared, more preferably 5 ~ 10 days.
4th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: the moisture of described corn stalk raw material is 18 ~ 44%, preferably 20 ~ 40%, more preferably 25 ~ 35%.
5th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: in described corn stalk raw material, cellulose accounts for the mass percent of dry weight is 35 ~ 47%, preferably 42 ~ 47%, more preferably 43 ~ 47%.
6th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: in described corn stalk raw material, hemicellulose accounts for the mass percent of dry weight is 20.5 ~ 25%, preferably 21 ~ 25%, most preferably 21.3 ~ 25%.
7th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: in described corn stalk raw material, water-soluble sugar accounts for the mass percent of dry weight is 2 ~ 10%, preferably 2 ~ 8%, most preferably 3 ~ 6%.
8th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: also containing alcohol-benzene extractive and ash content in described corn stalk raw material, the mass percent that alcohol-benzene extractive accounts for dry weight is 3 ~ 8%, preferably 3.5 ~ 7.5%, more preferably 5 ~ 7.2%, the mass percent that ash content accounts for dry weight is 4 ~ 11%, preferably 4.5 ~ 10.5%, more preferably 5.5 ~ 8%.
9th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: in described corn stalk raw material, cellulosic degree of crystallinity is 38 ~ 51%, preferably 42 ~ 48%.
Industrial maize straw raw material in the present invention is to adopt the complete green maize straw of after harvest corn 1 ~ 15 day after agricultural harvester harvesting, skin flesh leaf are separated, down on the farm airing or air-dry when being 16 ~ 45% to moisture, collects to obtain.Its major commercial use is papermaking, slurrying etc.
Below technical scheme of the present invention is made further explanation.
The present invention adopts the complete green maize straw of after harvest corn 1 ~ 15 day, and namely moisture is the complete green maize straw of 60 ~ 75% is raw material, and this raw material after treatment, obtains containing stalk skin graft, stalk leaf, a small amount of stalk flesh composition.The water content of treated corn stalk raw material is 16 ~ 45%, the fibrous raw material under this moisture, be not only not easy to mouldy, fermentation and go bad, be applicable to the needs of multiple application simultaneously.Be not only applicable to farming industry, can also the industrial sectors such as papermaking be used for.And if it is too small described stalk process to be obtained moisture, then stalk becomes more easy to break frangible, and the loss in transportation can increase.As calculated, the fibrous raw material that water content is less than 15%, jolting and rubbing in transportation in carrying, transportation, fiber in stalk, especially thinner fiber folding is broken, produce a large amount of powdered substances, make the loss of corn stalk fiber raw material net weight reach as high as 1.7wt%, and pollute in transportation.Meanwhile, the fiber content of fibrous raw material of the present invention is higher, soluble sugar content is lower, thus reduce further its possibility that is mouldy, fermentation, advantageously in storage and transport, and more adapts to the industry needs such as papermaking.
Paper grade (stock) corn stalk raw material in the present invention is to adopt the complete green maize straw of after harvest corn 1 ~ 15 day after agricultural harvester harvesting, skin flesh leaf are separated, down on the farm airing or air-dry when being 16 ~ 45% to moisture, collects to obtain.It is crucial for realizing above-mentioned technical process reasonable selection corollary equipment, the equipment processing agricultural crop straw at present is on the market a lot, but will note supporting science, reasonability when selecting, and makes the equipment of apolegamy play maximum efficiency, ensure the continuity of producing, reach optimum productivity index.Owing to being the crop stem in harvesting field, therefore will select can at the equipment of walking limit, limit, field work, with ensure equipment conveniently moving, flexibly, realize farm work.The present invention selects agricultural harvester, also can realize the separation of skin flesh leaf while harvesting.And supporting skin flesh leaf separator is installed on agricultural harvester, this device can adopt multiple mechanical type, and employing extruding, stone roller are rubbed with the hands, tear, blend, rubbed the multiple mechanical means such as silk, thus reach the technique effect be separated by the skin flesh leaf of maize straw.Stalk after process through airing, and preferably in field airing; By the impact of the factor such as air oxidation, Ultraviolet radiation, thus play the effect of sterilization, the corn stalk raw material prepared not easily is gone mouldy, extended shelf-life, and the oxidation Decomposition of sugar in stalk, Protein components can be accelerated, thus reduce the content of impurity in fibrous raw material further, improve cellulosic content further, thus more adapt to the commercial Application such as papermaking.
The beneficial effect of corn stalk raw material of the present invention is:
1. the whole bar of maize straw can not be purchased in enormous quantities, cannot realize large-scale industry and utilize;
2. the whole bar transport of maize straw, bearing capacity is low, the vehicle of equal transport power, and each car freights 13 tons. and straw skin can fill 35 tons.
3., when storing, same to homalographic, stack same height, the whole bar of maize straw can deposit 350 kilograms/square metre, and corn husks can deposit 1 ton/square metre.
4. peasant is by after harvest corn, goes back field (rotary tillage), expense: 150 yuan/mu by after corn straw smashing; Reclaimed by industrialization straw harvesting, separation, packing, soil rotary tillage, add up to expense: 100 yuan/mu.
5. purchase expense compares: the whole bar of maize straw is 280 yuan/ton, and maize straw skin is 280 yuan/ton.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of the agricultural harvester of the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 2 is the maize straw conveying schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 3 is straw skin dispersal device and anti-block apparatus installation site schematic diagram in the corn picker of the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Wherein:
1-receives the stem ceding of Taiwan, 2 defeated stem devices, 3-maize straw skin flesh leaf separator, 4 chassis, 5 driver's cabins, 6-straw skin dispersal device, 7-anti-block apparatus, 8-receives stem cutting table auger, 9 chain harrow assemblies, 10-cut flow roller, 11 axial-flow type drums, 12-sieve, 13 oscillating screen plates, 14-distributes screw feeder, 15 fans.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is only limitted to explain further and the present invention is described, does not limit Composition of contents of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of the Industrial maize straw raw material of this detailed description of the invention is:
Utilize agricultural harvester harvesting corn gather in the crops latter 15 days, moisture is the maize straw of 60 ~ 75%, whole strain maize straw is sent in agricultural harvester automatically, the skin arranged in agricultural harvester and the disleaf of flesh leaf separator, stem stalk cutting spread silk, cut open flesh, obtain the skin, flesh and the leaf that are separated; By the fibrous raw material after process in field airing, after its moisture reaches standard, collection, arrangement, bundling obtain corn stalk fiber raw material.
The cauline leaf that the stalk flesh skin leaf separator of this detailed description of the invention adopts extruding stone roller stranding method defoliation principle to realize maize straw is separated.Extruding grinds that stranding method is rubbed with the hands by grinding exactly, rubbing and the comprehensive function such as to tear, and maize straw is carried out to a kind of method of cauline leaf separation.This stalk flesh skin leaf separator specifically comprises feed well, pressure roller component and stripping leaf module.Pressing roll mechanism of the present invention is made up of 2 pressure rollers arranged up and down and press rollers gap regulating mechanism, be admitted to after straw harvesting in feed well, make it enter a pair identical, that direction is contrary pressure roller of rotating speed to extrude, in 2 planes formed after extruding can make most stalk leaf be distributed in straw extrusion.By rolling body, stalk is rolled, thus by straw extrusion, simultaneously by the moisture extruding in marrow in stalk, eliminate the sugared part in stalk further, thus the sugar content in this corn stalk raw material product is reduced, be easy to store, not easily go mouldy.Because the fiber dynamics of the maize straw of 10 days harvest corn phases is still larger, so the rotating speed of this pressure roller all adopts larger rotating speed, pressure roller rotating speed is 280 revs/min.Stalk extrudes via pressure roller, and its cauline leaf bond strength is reduced, and remove some leaf by brush roll, then sent by the cane after disleave pressure roller by another, leaf is collected below brush roll.And because the moisture in stalk is comparatively large, adopt the gap of first group of pressure roller to be 8 ~ 12mm, the gap of second group of pressure roller is 6 ~ 8mm, can remove the moisture content in stalk better more completely.
Simultaneously, this detailed description of the invention is between two groups of pressure rollers, brush roll is set, utilize the impact of brush teeth and tear the object acting on and reach defoliation, this brush roll can be paired be arranged on the both sides that stalk charging puts down, also can arrange 2 on the upside of stalk feedstock direction, arrange 2 on the downside of stalk feedstock direction, the rotating speed of brush roll is 250 ~ 280 revs/min.This detailed description of the invention is by stripping leaf module, and removed by the foliage portion in maize straw, this retains the root of leaf, and the fiber content of this part leaf is high, thus can improve output, improves the utilization rate of stalk.Avoid that blade top fiber content is low, simultaneously albumen, contents of saccharide composition are high, if its application at industrial circles such as papermaking can be affected containing blade top in corn stalk raw material.
The composition of the Industrial maize straw raw material prepared and form are: moisture is 16%, and wherein main component accounts for the mass percent of dry weight and is: cellulose 44.9%, hemicellulose 21.8%, lignin 13.3%, water-soluble sugar 3.8%, alcohol-benzene extractive is 7.8%, ash content 6.5%.In corn stalk raw material, cellulosic degree of crystallinity is 48%.Corn stalk raw material is the mixture of maize straw skin, leaf and flesh, and the mass percent of flesh in corn stalk raw material is 4%.Corn stalk raw material is at least the mixture containing strip straw skin, maize straw skin bunch fiber and corn stalk fiber, described strip straw skin is the maize straw skin with certain length and width, described maize straw skin bunch fiber at least comprise maize straw tubercle part, with the corn stalk fiber of tubercle part compound and the fiber of bunchy, described corn stalk fiber at least comprises thread corn stalk fiber, described flesh comprise depart from skin graft free flesh and be attached on skin graft in conjunction with flesh.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of the Industrial maize straw raw material of this detailed description of the invention is:
Utilize agricultural harvester harvesting corn gather in the crops latter 10 days, moisture is the maize straw of 60 ~ 75%, whole strain maize straw is sent in agricultural harvester automatically, the skin arranged in agricultural harvester and the disleaf of flesh leaf separator, stem stalk cutting spread silk, cut open flesh, obtain the skin, flesh and the leaf that are separated; By the fibrous raw material after process in field airing, after its moisture reaches standard, collection, arrangement, bundling obtain corn stalk fiber raw material.
The cauline leaf that the stalk flesh skin leaf separator of this detailed description of the invention adopts extruding stone roller stranding method defoliation principle to realize maize straw is separated.Extruding grinds that stranding method is rubbed with the hands by grinding exactly, rubbing and the comprehensive function such as to tear, and maize straw is carried out to a kind of method of cauline leaf separation.This stalk flesh skin leaf separator specifically comprises feed well, pressure roller component and stripping leaf module.Pressing roll mechanism of the present invention is made up of 2 pressure rollers arranged up and down and press rollers gap regulating mechanism, be admitted to after straw harvesting in feed well, make it enter a pair identical, that direction is contrary pressure roller of rotating speed to extrude, in 2 planes formed after extruding can make most stalk leaf be distributed in straw extrusion.By rolling body, stalk is rolled, thus by straw extrusion, simultaneously by the moisture extruding in marrow in stalk, eliminate the sugared part in stalk further, thus the sugar content in this corn stalk raw material product is reduced, be easy to store, not easily go mouldy.Because the fiber dynamics of the maize straw of 15 days harvest corn phases is still larger, so the rotating speed of this pressure roller all adopts larger rotating speed, pressure roller rotating speed is 300 revs/min.Stalk extrudes via pressure roller, its cauline leaf bond strength is reduced, by brush roll separate section leaf, then is sent by the cane after disleave pressure roller by another.And because the moisture in stalk is comparatively large, adopt the gap of first group of pressure roller to be 8 ~ 12mm, the gap of second group of pressure roller is 6 ~ 8mm, can remove the moisture content in stalk better more completely.
Meanwhile, the present invention, between two groups of pressure rollers, arranges brush roll, and utilize the impact of brush teeth and tear the object acting on and reach cauline leaf and be separated, this brush roll arranges 2 on the upside of stalk feedstock direction, arranges 1 on the downside of stalk feedstock direction, is formed Chinese character pin-shaped.The rotating speed of brush roll can be 240 ~ 300 revs/min, and this detailed description of the invention selects 250 ~ 280 revs/min.This detailed description of the invention is by this stripping leaf module, and removed by the foliage portion in maize straw, this retains the root of leaf, and the fiber content of this part leaf is high, thus can improve output, improves the utilization rate of stalk.Avoid that blade top fiber content is low, simultaneously albumen, contents of saccharide composition are high, if its application at industrial circles such as papermaking can be affected containing blade top in corn stalk raw material.
Composition and the form of the corn stalk fiber raw material prepared are: moisture is 30%, wherein main component accounts for the mass percent of dry weight and is: cellulose 40.7%, hemicellulose 24.3%, lignin 12.2%, water-soluble sugar 3.6%, alcohol-benzene extractive 5.5%, ash content 6.1%.In corn stalk raw material, cellulosic degree of crystallinity is 45%.Corn stalk raw material is the mixture of maize straw skin, leaf and flesh, and the mass percent of flesh in corn stalk raw material is 3.5%.Corn stalk raw material is at least the mixture containing strip straw skin, maize straw skin bunch fiber and corn stalk fiber, described strip straw skin is the maize straw skin with certain length and width, described maize straw skin bunch fiber at least comprise maize straw tubercle part, with the corn stalk fiber of tubercle part compound and the fiber of bunchy, described corn stalk fiber at least comprises thread corn stalk fiber, described flesh comprise depart from skin graft free flesh and be attached on skin graft in conjunction with flesh.
Embodiment 3:
The preparation method of the Industrial maize straw raw material of this detailed description of the invention is:
By latter 12 days of agricultural harvester harvesting corn results, moisture was the maize straw of 60 ~ 75%, whole strain maize straw is sent in agricultural harvester automatically, the skin arranged in agricultural harvester and the disleaf of flesh leaf separator, stem stalk cutting spread silk, cut open flesh, obtain the skin, flesh and the leaf that are separated; By the fibrous raw material after process in field airing, after its moisture reaches standard, collection, arrangement obtain corn stalk fiber raw material.
Agricultural harvester described in this detailed description of the invention is see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the agricultural harvester that the present embodiment adopts comprises chassis 4, power set, electric device, hydraulic system, driver's cabin 5, the receipts stem ceding of Taiwan 1 of harvesting corn stalk, maize straw is torn, blend, and by skin, flesh, the maize straw skin flesh leaf separator 3 that leaf is separated, maize straw under harvesting is transported to maize straw is torn, to blend and by skin, flesh, the defeated stem device 2 of the maize straw skin flesh leaf separator 3 that leaf is separated, between each structure or each structure directly use securing member to connect with chassis, ensure bonding strength, avoid occurring accident in the process of harvesting corn stalk.
Described maize straw skin flesh leaf separator 3 comprises for tearing, blend maize straw and the axial-flow type drum 11 of separating corn straw skin flesh leaf and the sieve 12 for the flesh after leaking down to be separated and leaf.
Described axial-flow type drum 11 is provided with multiple for tearing, blending maize straw and the tooth of separating corn straw skin flesh leaf.
Described tooth is one or more in screw-shaped bar tooth, spike tooth or dull and stereotyped tooth.
Described sieve 12 is provided with multiple hole supplying the maize straw flesh of separation and leaf to pass through.
The described receipts stem ceding of Taiwan 1 is provided with cutter A, described cutter A downward-sloping certain angle in the horizontal direction, can avoid so again being cut by cutter when also not entered harvester by the maize straw that cutter A cuts off, make one section of stalk drop to ground and can not enter harvester and blend.
Described agricultural harvester also comprises receives stem cutting table auger 8, chain harrow assembly 9, cut flow roller 10, oscillating screen plate 13, distributes screw feeder 14 and fan 15.
Realize the tearing of maize straw, blend and skin, flesh, being separated of leaf, the rotating speed of axial-flow type drum 11 is very crucial, and in the present invention, the rotating speed of described axial-flow type drum d can be 500 ~ 1500r/min, and the present embodiment selects 900r/min.
Composition and the form of the corn stalk fiber raw material prepared are: moisture is 40%, and wherein main component accounts for the mass percent of dry weight and is: cellulose 35.5%, hemicellulose 22.7%, lignin 12.8%, water-soluble sugar 6.4%, alcohol-benzene extractive 3.4%, ash content 4.1%.In corn stalk raw material, cellulosic degree of crystallinity is 45%.Corn stalk raw material is the mixture of maize straw skin, leaf and flesh, and the mass percent of flesh in corn stalk raw material is 3.6%.Corn stalk raw material is at least the mixture containing strip straw skin, maize straw skin bunch fiber and corn stalk fiber, described strip straw skin is the maize straw skin with certain length and width, described maize straw skin bunch fiber at least comprise maize straw tubercle part, with the corn stalk fiber of tubercle part compound and the fiber of bunchy, described corn stalk fiber at least comprises thread corn stalk fiber, described flesh comprise depart from skin graft free flesh and be attached on skin graft in conjunction with flesh.
Embodiment 4:
Adopt the preparation method of embodiment 3, difference is that the rotating speed of described axial-flow type drum 11 can be 800r/min.
The content of the Industrial maize straw raw material prepared and form are, described corn stalk raw material is that the complete green maize straw of after adopting harvest corn 5 days is prepared into, moisture is 45%, wherein main component accounts for the mass percent of dry weight and is: cellulose 48.5%, hemicellulose 24.7%, lignin 12.9%, water-soluble sugar 11.2%, alcohol-benzene extractive 7.2%, ash content 5.6%.In corn stalk raw material, cellulosic degree of crystallinity is 47%.
Experimental example 1: corn stalk raw material stores up experiment
Corn stalk raw material prepared by the Industrial maize straw fibrous raw material adopting experimental example 1 of the present invention to prepare and prior art carries out storing up comparative test at identical conditions:
That embodiment 1,2,3 is prepared obtains corn stalk raw material, and its water content and main matter content are:
Table 1:
| Water content (wt%) | Cellulose (wt%) | Hemicellulose (wt%) | Water-soluble sugar (wt%) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 16 | 44.9 | 21.8 | 3.8 |
| Embodiment 2 | 30 | 40.7 | 24.3 | 3.6 |
| Embodiment 3 | 45 | 35.5 | 22.7 | 6.4 |
Stalk of the prior art, its Contents of Main Components is:
Table 2:
| Water content (wt%) | Cellulose (wt%) | Hemicellulose (wt%) | Water-soluble sugar (wt%) |
| Contrast 1 | 47 | 32 | 26 | 12.2 |
| Contrast 2 | 50 | 33 | 26 | 12.7 |
Above-mentioned stalk bundling is become 330kg/m
3bundle, then test:
1. hot conditions test
The above-mentioned stalk prepared, stores with warehouse that is clean, that close, the temperature in warehouse is set as 40 DEG C, and relative humidity is place 15 days at 40 temperature, in sampling in the 5th day, the 10th day, the 15th day, detects whether going bad of stalk sample.
Table 3:
2. super-humid conditions experiment
The above-mentioned stalk prepared, store with warehouse that is clean, that close, the temperature in warehouse is set as 25 ± 2 DEG C, places 15 days under the condition of relative humidity 90 ± 5%, in sampling in the 5th day, the 10th day, the 15th day, detect whether going bad of stalk sample.
Table 4:
3. hot and humid condition experiment
The above-mentioned stalk prepared, stores with warehouse that is clean, that close, the temperature in warehouse is set as 35 ± 2 DEG C, place 30 days under the condition of relative humidity 70 ± 5%, at duration of test respectively at sampling in 5,10,20,30 days once, detect whether going bad of stalk sample.
Table 5:
Claims (25)
1. an Industrial maize straw raw material, it is characterized in that, described corn stalk raw material is that the complete green maize straw of after adopting harvest corn 1 ~ 15 day is prepared into, the moisture of described corn stalk raw material is 16 ~ 45%, wherein main component accounts for the mass percent of dry weight and is: cellulose 33 ~ 49%, hemicellulose 15 ~ 27%, lignin 11 ~ 13.3%, water-soluble sugar 2 ~ 12%, described corn stalk raw material is the mixture of maize straw skin, leaf and flesh, and the mass percent of described flesh in corn stalk raw material is 1 ~ 7%.
2. corn stalk raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mass percent that main component accounts for dry weight is: cellulose 35 ~ 47%, hemicellulose 20 ~ 25%, lignin 12 ~ 13.3%, water-soluble sugar 2 ~ 10%.
3. corn stalk raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described corn stalk raw material is the mixture of maize straw skin, leaf and flesh, and the mass percent of described flesh in corn stalk raw material is 2 ~ 4%.
4. corn stalk raw material according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described corn stalk raw material is at least containing strip straw skin, the mixture of maize straw skin bunch fiber and corn stalk fiber, described strip straw skin is the maize straw skin with certain length and width, described maize straw skin bunch fiber at least comprises maize straw tubercle part, with the corn stalk fiber of tubercle part compound and the fiber of bunchy, described corn stalk fiber at least comprises thread corn stalk fiber, described flesh comprise depart from skin graft free flesh and be attached on skin graft in conjunction with flesh.
5. corn stalk raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described corn stalk raw material is that the complete green maize straw of after adopting harvest corn 3 ~ 12 days is prepared.
6. corn stalk raw material according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described corn stalk raw material is that the complete green maize straw of after adopting harvest corn 5 ~ 10 days is prepared.
7. corn stalk raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the moisture of described corn stalk raw material is 18 ~ 45%.
8. corn stalk raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the moisture of described corn stalk raw material is 18 ~ 44%.
9. corn stalk raw material according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the moisture of described corn stalk raw material is 20 ~ 40%.
10. corn stalk raw material according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the moisture of described corn stalk raw material is 25 ~ 35%.
11. corn stalk raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described corn stalk raw material, cellulose accounts for the mass percent of dry weight is 35 ~ 47%.
12. corn stalk raw material according to claim 11, is characterized in that, in described corn stalk raw material, cellulose accounts for the mass percent of dry weight is 42 ~ 47%.
13. corn stalk raw material according to claim 11, is characterized in that, in described corn stalk raw material, cellulose accounts for the mass percent of dry weight is 43 ~ 47%.
14. corn stalk raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described corn stalk raw material, hemicellulose accounts for the mass percent of dry weight is 20.5 ~ 25%.
15. corn stalk raw material according to claim 14, is characterized in that, in described corn stalk raw material, hemicellulose accounts for the mass percent of dry weight is 21 ~ 25%.
16. corn stalk raw material according to claim 14, is characterized in that, in described corn stalk raw material, hemicellulose accounts for the mass percent of dry weight is 21.3 ~ 25%.
17. corn stalk raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described corn stalk raw material, water-soluble sugar accounts for the mass percent of dry weight is 2 ~ 8%.
18. corn stalk raw material according to claim 17, is characterized in that, in described corn stalk raw material, water-soluble sugar accounts for the mass percent of dry weight is 3 ~ 6%.
19. corn stalk raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also containing alcohol-benzene extractive and ash content in described corn stalk raw material, the mass percent that alcohol-benzene extractive accounts for dry weight is 3 ~ 8%, and the mass percent that ash content accounts for dry weight is 4 ~ 11%.
20. corn stalk raw material according to claim 19, is characterized in that, the mass percent that described alcohol-benzene extractive accounts for dry weight is 3.5 ~ 7.5%.
21. corn stalk raw material according to claim 19, is characterized in that, the mass percent that described alcohol-benzene extractive accounts for dry weight is 5 ~ 7.2%.
22. corn stalk raw material according to claim 19, is characterized in that, the mass percent that described ash content accounts for dry weight is 4.5 ~ 10.5%.
23. corn stalk raw material according to claim 19, is characterized in that, the mass percent that described ash content accounts for dry weight is 5.5 ~ 8%.
24. corn stalk raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described corn stalk raw material, cellulosic degree of crystallinity is 38 ~ 51%.
25. corn stalk raw material according to claim 24, is characterized in that, in described corn stalk raw material, cellulosic degree of crystallinity is 42 ~ 48%.
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| CN114467772B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-19 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Preparation process and preparation system of plant fiber cat litter |
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