CN102976802B - Processing method of chitosan fluid fertilizer - Google Patents
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- CN102976802B CN102976802B CN201210509017.0A CN201210509017A CN102976802B CN 102976802 B CN102976802 B CN 102976802B CN 201210509017 A CN201210509017 A CN 201210509017A CN 102976802 B CN102976802 B CN 102976802B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a processing method of chitosan fluid fertilizer. The method comprises the following steps in sequence: placing chitosan raw materials into a steam explosion tank for steam explosion; transferring the chitosan subjected to steam explosion into a high-pressure steam tank at 1 to 1.8MPa, and maintaining for 5 to 15 minutes; instantaneously releasing the chitosan subjected to steam explosion by decompressing; drying and crushing the chitosan subjected to steam explosion; adding acetic acid-sodium acetate buffering solution; heating to 50 to 90 DEG C; and carrying out acidolysis for 3.5 to 5 hours. By adopting the processing method, the activity of chitosan is improved, the stability of the chitosan fluid fertilizer is improved, and the output of crops is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of working method of chitosan liquid fertilizer, belong to liquid fertilizer technical field.
Background technology
China is a large agricultural country with 1,300,000,000 populations, only has and accounts for the arable land in the whole world 9% and 6% Freshwater resources, is but bearing and is supporting the population heavy burden that accounts for the whole world 21%.In past 9 years, China's grain-production keeps steady growth situation, and a lot of agricultural outputs occupy the first in the world.The main path that increases crop yield is to improve the output of Land Units area, and one of major measure that maintains high yield and improve output to be still be the usage quantity that increases chemical fertilizer.According to statistics, the turnout of China's chemical fertilizer and usage quantity all rank first in the world.Along with a large amount of chemical fertilizer apply the soil in farmland, not only cause the hardening soil, pollution of waterhead, ecological damage, and cause " dish is tasteless, and melon is not fragrant, and fruit is sweetless ".At present, this season utilization ratio of China's chemical fertilizer only has: nitrogenous fertilizer 30%-35%; Potash fertilizer 35%-50%; Phosphate fertilizer 5%-25%.Obviously, chemical fertilizer applies behind farmland, fails to make the best use of everything, and causes on the contrary the loss of a large amount of chemical fertilizer and the increase of farm crop cost.
Chitin, has another name called chitin (Chitin), is a kind of natural high moleculer eompound that is extensively present in occurring in nature, and chemical name is 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose polymer.After deacetylation, can derive and be chitosan or claim chitosan for glucosamine polymer.Because chitin is the rare positively charged superpolymer of a kind of occurring in nature, there is unique biological characteristics, so 1991, in the international chitin meeting of Wu Jie, chitin was described as the 6th vital principle by American-European scientist.Chitin and crop growth, growth are in close relations, farm crop within growth, growth period, obtain chitin number, directly have influence on output and the quality of farm crop.The approach that obtains chitin occurring in nature farm crop has two kinds, and a kind of is insect farm crop secretion chitinase while directly contacting with farm crop, directly the chitin with insect contact site is decomposed to absorption; Another kind is to obtain from soil, after mycelium, the sporophore of remains after death of insect or fungi self-dissolving enter soil, by microorganism, is decomposed, and its chitin being decomposed is absorbed by crop root part.Along with farmland is used chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals (weedicide, sterilant, sterilant) in a large number, large Tanaka's insect numbers is reduced in a large number, therefore, the chance that insect directly contacts with farm crop also reduces in a large number, simultaneously, insect remains in soil can not get supplementing in time, cause in soil and lack chitin, have caused land for growing field crops farm crop shortage chitin in various degree.In addition, the applying of plastic greenhouse, batch production cultivation technique without soil contacts the difficult farm crop indoor with booth, factory culture of insect, cut off the chance that farm crop directly obtain chitin, causes the shortage of chitin.Farm crop, due to the cultivation change of ecotope and lacking of chitin, cause its quality to decline and disease and pest generation.
Chitin is present in animal especially in arthropods (as shrimp, crab and insect) shell in a large number, is also present in the cell walls of lower animal (as fungi, algae).In the natural organic-compound existing on the earth, quantity maximum be Mierocrystalline cellulose, be exactly secondly chitin.Estimate that the annual biosynthetic chitin of nature will be up to hundred billion tons more than.Chitin is the organic compounds containing nitrogen of quantity maximum on the earth, and next is only protein.2011, China's prawn ultimate production reached 1,560,000 tons, and crab class output reaches 800,000 tons.Produce 600000 tons of left and right of shrimp shell per year, 500,000 tons of left and right of crab shell.In shrimp shell, the content of chitin is 20%～25%, the content in crab shell is 15%～20%.The shrimp of China, crab class output are very big, edible after remaining a large amount of crust wastes, both can be used as the raw material of producing chitin, chitosan, can avoid contaminate environment again.
Chitosan claims again soluble chitin, is chitin after concentrated base insulation is processed, the product of deacetylation.CN101838346A (CN201010177845.X) relates to a kind of chitin by the deacetylated method of preparing chitosan of alkali lye, it comprise chitin raw material pre-treatment, by equipment of Hydrodynamic Cavitation, strengthen de-acetyl chitin reaction and reaction solution carried out to centrifugal elutriation, drying and other steps, the chitin deacetylase degree of mixed solution requires at 60-95%; Present method can be prepared chitosan at lower than 90 ℃.At present, the technique that China is used shrimp, crab shell to produce chitosan employing is: first use salt acid soak shrimp, the crab shell decalcification in 24-48 hour of 1-5%; Pull out to be washed to and re-use 6-8% sodium hydroxide after neutrality and boil 1 hour deproteination matter; Pull out to be again washed to and add after neutrality 40% sodium hydroxide to boil 24-48h, finally pull out and be washed to neutrality and be chitosan.
Chitosan liquid fertilizer is first chitosan to be dissolved in acidic solution, and then adds certain proportion fresh water spraying in crop blade face or fill with in crop root and provide the liquid product of chitosan for crop.Due to the constantly degraded in acidic solution of macromole chitosan, so, the fertilizer efficiency less stable of chitosan liquid fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
Technique for above-mentioned chitosan fertilizer is not enough, the invention provides the working method of the chitosan liquid fertilizer that a kind of fertilizer efficiency is stable.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A working method for chitosan liquid fertilizer, step is as follows:
1, chitosan raw material is put into steam-explosion jar, add-on is the 10-30% of steam-explosion jar volume, sealing; In steam-explosion jar, pass into high-pressure water vapor, make pressure in tank reach 1-1.8MPa, keep 5-15 minute; Then instant decompression discharges, and obtains the quick-fried chitosan of vapour.
2, the quick-fried chitosan of vapour is dried 5～10 hours 50～80 ℃ of temperature, be crushed to fineness 40-80 order.
3, chitosan powder step 2 being made adds acetic acid-sodium-acetate buffer, and the mass volume ratio of described chitosan powder and acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer liquid is 1:12-15, the g/ml of unit; Then be warming up to 50 ℃-90 ℃, reaction 3.5-5 hour.Obtain chitosan liquid fertilizer.
Further,
4, chitosan liquid fertilizer step 3 being made adds deionized water, and making chitosan content is 5wt%, is divided in the Plastic Bottle of 250ml-1000ml, is chitosan foliar nutrient product.
Raw materials of chitosan of the present invention is commercial product, deacetylation 85 ~ 88%, agricultural level.The chitosan product of preferably preparing with shrimp shell or crab shell.
Steam-explosion jar of the present invention is conventional equipment, can buy in market.For example Shandong fire hose king Group Co.,Ltd is on sale.
According to the present invention, preferred, the instant decompression described in step 2 discharges and is: open fast steam-explosion jar valve, bleed off the high pressure steam in steam-explosion jar, and chitosan is discharged in non-pressure vessel.
According to the present invention, preferred, in step 2, the oven dry of the quick-fried chitosan of vapour is: the quick-fried chitosan of vapour is placed in to drying machine, makes thinner, make raw thickness 2～10cm, then dry 5～10 hours at 50～80 ℃ of temperature, the quick-fried chitosan of vapour is parched, moisture≤5wt%.
According to the present invention, preferred, being formulated as of the acetic acid sodium-acetate buffer described in step 3: 18 grams of sodium-acetates, add Glacial acetic acid 9.8ml, add deionized water and be diluted to 1000ml, pH4.5.
It is raw material that the chitosan of buying is in the market take in the present invention, by the quick-fried processes of vapour, has improved the activity of chitosan, has increased again the stability of chitosan foliar nutrient.Through reacting with acetic acid-sodium-acetate buffer, the quick-fried chitosan powder of vapour dissolving in reactor is as liquid fertilizer, chitosan content (pressing glucose meter) >=5wt%.The chitosan content (5wt%) that is further diluted to specification requirement, obtains foliage fertilizer product after packing.Can directly be applied to vegetables and cash crop by spraying.
Through farmland, experiment shows, the chitosan foliar nutrient of explained hereafter of the present invention is compared compared with the chitosan foliar nutrient of traditional technology, and crop yield improves, and fertilizer efficiency is stable.Relevant experimental result will be described in detail in an embodiment.
Embodiment
Raw material in embodiment is that the chitosan of preparing with shrimp shell or crab shell (sea, Laizhou, Shandong city Lik-Sang Tetramune company limited the is on sale) deacetylation that market is bought is about 85%.
Acetic acid-sodium-acetate buffer in embodiment 1-3 is that 18 grams of sodium-acetates add Glacial acetic acid 9.8ml, then adds deionized water and be diluted to 1000ml, pH4.5.The ratio of chitosan powder and acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer liquid is mass volume ratio, the g/ml of unit.Steam-explosion jar, drying machine, pulverizer, reactor are conventional equipment, and market is buied.Described high pressure steam is water vapor.
Embodiment 1: the working method of chitosan liquid fertilizer, and step is as follows:
1, vapour is quick-fried
Chitosan raw material is put into steam-explosion jar, and add-on is 15% of steam-explosion jar volume, sealing; In steam-explosion jar, pass into high pressure steam, make pressure in tank reach 1.2MPa, keep 10 minutes; Then open fast steam-explosion jar valve, bleed off the high pressure steam in steam-explosion jar, and chitosan is discharged in non-pressure vessel, obtain the quick-fried chitosan of vapour.
2, dry, pulverize
The quick-fried chitosan of vapour is placed in to drying machine, makes thinner, make raw thickness 5cm, temperature 60 C, dries 9 hours, till parching to the quick-fried chitosan of vapour (moisture≤5wt%).The quick-fried chitosan of the vapour of oven dry is placed in to pulverizer and pulverizes, smashing fineness 50 orders.
3, acidolysis
The quick-fried chitosan powder of vapour is placed in to reactor, adds acetic acid-sodium-acetate buffer.The ratio of the quick-fried chitosan powder of vapour and acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer liquid is 1:12.Then reactor is heated to 90 ℃, maintain 4 hours.
4, packing
The quick-fried chitosan powder of the vapour dissolving in reactor is added to deionized water, make chitosan content reach 5wt%, be divided in the Plastic Bottle of 500ml, be chitosan foliar nutrient product.
Embodiment 2: as described in Example 1, difference is:
1, chitosan add-on is 20% of steam-explosion jar volume, and in steam-explosion jar, pressure is 1.5MPa, keeps 8 minutes;
2, the quick-fried chitosan of vapour is placed in drying machine, makes thinner and makes raw thickness 6cm, and temperature 70 C, dries 8 hours.Smashing fineness 70 orders.
3, the ratio of the quick-fried chitosan powder of vapour and acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer liquid is 1:13.Be warming up to 60 ℃, maintain 5 hours.
Embodiment 3: as described in Example 1, difference is:
1, chitosan add-on is 30% of steam-explosion jar volume, and in steam-explosion jar, pressure is 1.8MPa, keeps 10 minutes;
2, the quick-fried chitosan of vapour is placed in to drying machine, makes thinner and make raw thickness 6cm, 80 ℃ of temperature, dry 6 hours.Smashing fineness 80 orders.
3, the ratio of the quick-fried chitosan powder of vapour and acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer liquid is for being 1:15.Then reactor is heated to 80 ℃, maintain 4 hours.
4, the quick-fried chitosan powder of the vapour dissolving in reactor is added to deionized water, make chitosan content reach 5wt%, be divided in the Plastic Bottle of 1000ml, be chitosan foliar nutrient.
Field fertilizer efficiency situation
The inventor is from March, 2010, in the various crop of Shandong District, the humic acid foliar fertilizer material using with local farmers compares, and chitin fertilizer of the present invention has been carried out to manure trial of equal value, and the value of the fertilizer of the present invention that test adopts and contrast fertilizer equates.
One, the test effect of chitin liquid fertilizer on rape
1, test materials and method
Test site: Qingzhou City Tan Fang; Test period: in March, 2010-2010 year April; Test kind: the blue or green rape in Shanghai;
For the chitin Liquid Fertilizer of examination fertilizer: embodiment 1, contrast fertilizer is humic acid foliar fertilizer;
Fertilization mode: spray; Field management: with conventional;
For examination booth: 3 years ages of greenhouse;
Basic condition for examination plastic shed soil:
Soil type: moisture soil; Organic: 0.9%; Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen: 70mg/Kg; Rapid available phosphorus: 16mg/Kg; Available potassium 105mg/Kg.
2, test design
2 processing are established in test, repeat for 3 times, and 6 square metres of community areas, arrange immediately community.
3, the impact of chitin fertilizer on yield of rape
Test rape is observed in booth, use the community of chitin Liquid Fertilizer of the present invention, rape growing way is apparently higher than contrast, main manifestations is that blade increases, and blade is plump, well developed root system, new root is many, after results, on the impact of output, be: contrast average 1.43 kilograms/square metre of fertile experimental plot, average 1.94 kilograms/square metre of chitin liquid fertilizer experimental plot, volume increase 35.67%.
Two, the test effect of chitin liquid fertilizer on tomato
1, test materials and method
Test site: the Yang Zhuan of Shanghe County paving; Test period: in February, 2010-2010 year May; Test kind: the very best king's tomato.
Chitin Liquid Fertilizer for examination fertilizer: embodiment 2, contrasts fertile humic acid foliar fertilizer;
Fertilization mode: spray, fill with root; Field management: with conventional.
For examination booth: 2 years ages of greenhouse;
Basic condition for examination plastic shed soil:
Soil type: moisture soil; Organic: 0.86%; Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen: 71mg/Kg; Rapid available phosphorus: 23mg/Kg; Available potassium 106mg/Kg.
2, test design
2 processing are established in test, repeat for 3 times, and 9 square metres of community areas, arrange immediately tomato strain Shuo45Zhu community, community.
3, the impact of chitin liquid fertilizer on tomato production
In test booth, observe, use the tomato well developed root system of chitin Liquid Fertilizer of the present invention, bloom early, the quantity of blooming is the more than 4 times of contrast fertilizer, and single fruit weight contrasts fertilizer and improves more than 8%.After results, on the impact of output, be: contrast average 7.27 kilograms/square metre of fertile experimental plot, average 8.84 kilograms/square metre of chitin fertilizer, volume increase 21.6%.
4, the impact of chitin liquid fertilizer on tomato quality
From test tomato, sample, taste mouthfeel and find, the tomato color of chitin Liquid Fertilizer of the present invention on probation is scarlet, and individual large, ripening degree is good, and sweet acid is good to eat, and it is sourer to use the fertile tomato mouthfeel of contrast.Sampling is to the discovery of testing of tomato total acid, vitamins C, total reducing sugar: contrast fertile group: total acid 0.47%, vitamins C 14.1mg/100g, total reducing sugar 3.2%; Chitin fertilizer group: total acid 0.43%, vitamins C 15.7mg/100g, total reducing sugar 3.53%.
Three, the test effect of chitin liquid fertilizer on garlic
1, test materials and method
Test site: Xiao Yun town, Jinxiang County; Test period: kind is tested year June in September, 2010-2012: hybridize garlic.
Chitin Liquid Fertilizer for examination fertilizer: embodiment 3, contrasts fertile humic acid foliar fertilizer;
Fertilization mode: spray, fill with root
Basic condition for examination plastic shed soil:
Soil type: moisture soil; Organic: 0.92%; Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen: 52.5mg/Kg; Rapid available phosphorus: 26.2mg/Kg; Available potassium 103.5mg/Kg.
2, test design
2 processing are established in test, repeat for 3 times, and 20 square metres of community areas, arrange immediately community.
3, the impact of chitin liquid fertilizer on garlic, garlic shoot output
Test-results shows, fertilizer of the present invention is compared with contrasting fertilizer, and amount of increase in production is larger, improves quality obvious, being mainly manifested in trial edition, to invent fertile garlic shoot color and luster bud green, quality is tender and crisp, and tongue bud does not expand, without deformity and putrefactive phenomenon, garlic shoot is along bar, even thickness, complete softness, tongue base length is greater than 30 centimetres.The garlic shoot of using contrast fertilizer, part color and luster is yellowish green, has deformity, and tongue base length is less than 30 centimetres.The garlic head of garlic mean diameter of trial edition invention chitin Liquid Fertilizer is 5.42 centimetres, 221 grams of average substances, and the garlic of using contrast fertilizer, head of garlic mean diameter is 4.47 centimetres, 132 grams of average substances.0.49 kilogram/square metre of contrast fertilizer experiment field garlic stems output, 1.26 kilograms/square metre of head of garlic output; 0.60 kilogram/square metre of chitin liquid fertilizer experiment field garlic shoot output, 1.52 kilograms/square metre of head of garlic output, contrast fertilizer and improve garlic shoot output 22.4%; Head of garlic output 20.6%.
Claims (2)
1. a working method for chitosan liquid fertilizer, step is as follows:
(1) chitosan raw material is put into steam-explosion jar, add-on is the 10-30% of steam-explosion jar volume, sealing; In steam-explosion jar, pass into high-pressure water vapor, make pressure in tank reach 1-1.8MPa, keep 5-15 minute; Then instant decompression discharges, and obtains the quick-fried chitosan of vapour;
Described instant decompression discharges: open fast steam-explosion jar valve, bleed off the high pressure steam in steam-explosion jar, and chitosan is discharged in non-pressure vessel;
(2) the quick-fried chitosan of vapour is dried 5～10 hours 50～80 ℃ of temperature, be crushed to fineness 40-80 order;
The oven dry of the quick-fried chitosan of described vapour is: the quick-fried chitosan of vapour is placed in to drying machine, makes thinner, make raw thickness 2～10cm, then dry 5～10 hours at 50～80 ℃ of temperature, the quick-fried chitosan of vapour is parched, moisture≤5wt%;
(3) chitosan powder step (2) being made adds acetic acid-sodium-acetate buffer, being formulated as of described acetic acid-sodium-acetate buffer: 18 grams of sodium-acetates, add Glacial acetic acid 9.8ml, and add deionized water and be diluted to 1000ml, pH4.5; The mass volume ratio of described chitosan powder and acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer liquid is 1:12-15, the g/ml of unit; Then be warming up to 50 ℃-90 ℃, reaction 3.5-5 hour; Obtain.
2. the working method of chitosan liquid fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the chitosan liquid fertilizer that step (3) is made adds deionized water, and making chitosan content is 5wt%, be divided in the Plastic Bottle of 250ml-1000ml, be chitosan foliar nutrient product.
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| CN104557158A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-04-29 | 运嘉（江苏）环保科技有限公司 | Technology and system for preparing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure |
| CN108079121A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-05-29 | 高杰 | A kind of chitosan Pterospermi Heterophylli spray promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis and preparation method thereof |
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