CN102971108B - Rotating tool for forming voids and void-formation method - Google Patents
Rotating tool for forming voids and void-formation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102971108B CN102971108B CN201180032907.0A CN201180032907A CN102971108B CN 102971108 B CN102971108 B CN 102971108B CN 201180032907 A CN201180032907 A CN 201180032907A CN 102971108 B CN102971108 B CN 102971108B
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- space
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- stirring pin
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- helicla flute
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/15—Magnesium or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed are a rotating tool for forming voids and a void-formation method whereby, when friction stirring is used to form a void inside a metallic member, said void is more resistant to collapse and the formation of surface defects is inhibited. Said rotating tool (1), which is moved relative to a metallic member (Z) while being rotated and forms a void (M) inside said metallic member (Z), is characterized by having a shoulder part (2) and a stirring pin (3) that is suspended vertically from said shoulder part (2). The rotating tool is further characterized in that a helical groove (3a) is engraved in the outer surface of the stirring pin (3) and the outside diameter of the shoulder part is 1.4-2.2 times the outside diameter of the tip of the stirring pin.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to and a kind ofly utilize friction-stir and in the inner interstitial space formation throw of hardware and the space formation method using this throw.
Background technology
Record in patent document 1 and there is shoulder (shoulder) and hang down to the space formation throw of the stirring pin on the bottom surface of this shoulder.The outer peripheral face that above-mentioned stirring is sold is carved and establishes (engrave) thread groove.When forming space in hardware inside, space formation throw direction of retreat towards thread groove rotated is pressed into the surface of flat hardware, and under the state of keeping certain height, make space formation throw do relative movement relative to hardware.By this, the metal after plastic flow automation is scraped near the bottom surface of shoulder under the spiral of thread groove guides, and pushes down a part for scraped metal with the bottom surface of shoulder.Therefore, the hardware that the top in space is utilized friction-stir and plastification covered, and thus, can form tunnel-like space in hardware inside.
Prior art document
Patent document
Patent document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open 11-47961 publication
Summary of the invention
Invent technical problem to be solved
But, because the structure of space formation throw is different, there is space and squeeze flat, to occur the hole (hereinafter also referred to " blemish ") be communicated with the surface of hardware with space possibility.
According to above-mentioned viewpoint, technical problem of the present invention is to provide a kind of when the formation space, inside utilizing friction-stir at hardware, and space is not easily squeezed flat, and not easily occurs space formation throw and the space formation method of blemish.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem adopts
The present invention solved the problems of the technologies described above be utilize friction-stir and formation space, inside at hardware time the space formation throw that uses, its special title, is, the stirring pin that there is shoulder and hang down from above-mentioned shoulder, the outer peripheral face sold in above-mentioned stirring is carved and is provided with helicla flute, and the value that the external diameter of above-mentioned shoulder obtains divided by the external diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin front end is more than 1.4, less than 2.2.
According to said structure, owing to not only the metal after plastic flow automation suitably can be scraped, and the bottom surface of shoulder can be utilized to press the metal scraped, therefore, space is not easily squeezed flat, and not easily produces blemish on hardware.If the value that the external diameter of above-mentioned shoulder obtains divided by the external diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin front end is less than 1.4, then the metal owing to scraping cannot be pushed down by the bottom surface of shoulder, therefore easily produces blemish.On the other hand, if the value that the external diameter of above-mentioned shoulder obtains divided by the external diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin front end is greater than 2.2, then owing to being not easy metal to scrape from shoulder, therefore, the space in hardware is easily squeezed flat.In addition, the load suffered by Spindle Motor of friction-stir device becomes large.
In addition, it is preferable that, above-mentioned helicla flute is more than 20 degree, less than 40 degree relative to the datum level angulation that the direction of principal axis sold with above-mentioned stirring is normal.According to said structure, space is more difficult crowded flat.If above-mentioned helicla flute is less than 20 degree relative to said reference face angulation, then because angle is shallow, be not easy metal to scrape from shoulder.In addition, if helicla flute is greater than 40 degree relative to said reference face angulation, then because spiral fluted length shortens for stirring pin, be not easy metal to scrape from shoulder.Thus, in each case, space is all likely squeezed flat.
In addition, it is preferable that, above-mentioned helicla flute reels more than a circle on above-mentioned stirring pin.If spiral fluted winding is less than a circle, then can remain the metal after plastic flow automation on any one sidewall in space, and it is flat that space is likely squeezed, but according to said structure, because metal is by harmony plastic flow automation well, therefore, space can be avoided to squeeze flat.
In addition, it is preferable that, above-mentioned stirring pin comprises and is formed with above-mentioned spiral fluted helical groove portion and does not form the smooth face of above-mentioned spiral fluted, and above-mentioned helical groove portion is carved from the front end that above-mentioned stirring is sold and established.According to said structure, space can be formed in the comparatively deep location of hardware.
In addition, it is preferable that, have ridge the bottom surface of above-mentioned shoulder is projecting, above-mentioned ridge is formed as scroll around above-mentioned stirring is sold.According to said structure, can be more neat shape by formed space.
In addition, it is preferable that, above-mentioned ridge is formed the notch part of the radial direction cutting of the bottom surface along above-mentioned shoulder.According to said structure, the metal after plastic flow automation easily concentrates on and stirs around pin cardinal extremity, and is easily scraped from notch part by metal.By this, larger space can be formed.
It is preferable that, above-mentioned stirring pin is formed with constant external diameter from front end to cardinal extremity.According to said structure, the constant width in space can be made.
In addition, a kind ofly use space formation throw and in interstitial space, the inside formation method of hardware, it is characterized in that, the stirring pin that above-mentioned space formation throw has shoulder and hangs down from above-mentioned shoulder, the outer peripheral face sold in above-mentioned stirring is provided with helicla flute quarter, the value that the external diameter of above-mentioned shoulder obtains divided by the external diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin front end is more than 1.4, 2.2 below, in above-mentioned space formation method, when making above-mentioned space formation throw while rotate, while when carrying out relative movement relative to above-mentioned hardware, above-mentioned space formation throw is rotated towards the direction, direction upwards scraped to the surface of above-mentioned hardware by above-mentioned helicla flute by the metal after the liquidation because of friction-stir.
According to said method, not only the metal after plastic flow automation suitably can be scraped, and the bottom surface of shoulder can be utilized to press the metal scraped, therefore, space is not easily squeezed flat, and is not easy to produce blemish on hardware.If the value that the external diameter of above-mentioned shoulder obtains divided by the external diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin front end is less than 1.4, then the metal owing to scraping cannot be pushed down by the bottom surface of shoulder, therefore, easily produces blemish.On the other hand, if the value that the external diameter of above-mentioned shoulder obtains divided by the external diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin front end is greater than 2.2, then owing to being not easy the metal after plastic flow automation to scrape from shoulder, the space in hardware is therefore made easily to squeeze flat.In addition, the load suffered by Spindle Motor of friction-stir device becomes large.
In addition, it is preferable that, the distance of the bottom surface of the surface of above-mentioned hardware and above-mentioned shoulder is set as 0 ~ 3.0mm.
According to said method, the large space of comparing can be formed.If by the below of the bottom surface of shoulder press-in metal component surface, then the metal after plastic flow automation is more difficult to be scraped, and it is flat to make space easily squeeze.On the other hand, if make the distance between the surface of hardware and the bottom surface of shoulder be greater than 3.0mm, then the metal owing to scraping cannot be pushed down by the bottom surface of shoulder, therefore, hardware easily produces blemish.In addition, the surface of the hardware before " surface " of this hardware refers to friction-stir.
Invention effect
According to formation throw in space of the present invention and space formation method, utilize friction-stir and formation space, inside at hardware time, space can be made to be not easy crowded flat, and be not easy to produce blemish on hardware.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the figure of the space formation throw representing present embodiment, and Fig. 1 (a) represents side view, and Fig. 1 (b) represents upward view.
Fig. 2 is the figure of the space formation method representing present embodiment, and Fig. 2 (a) represents sectional view, and Fig. 2 (b) is the I-I longitudinal section representing Fig. 2 (a).
Fig. 3 (a) is the side view representing the first variation, and Fig. 3 (b) is the upward view of the shoulder representing the second variation.
Fig. 4 is the side view representing the 3rd variation.
Fig. 5 is side view and the upward view of the space formation throw used in the test of helicla flute angle, wherein, and Fig. 5 (a) representational tool NO.S1, Fig. 5 (b) representational tool NO.S2, Fig. 5 (c) representational tool NO.S3.
Fig. 6 is the top view of the hardware representing the result of the test that helicla flute angle is tested, wherein, and the result of Fig. 6 (a) representational tool NO.S1, the result of Fig. 6 (b) representational tool NO.S2, the result of Fig. 6 (c) representational tool NO.S3.
Fig. 7 (a) is the II-II sectional view of Fig. 6 (a), and Fig. 7 (b) is the II-II sectional view of Fig. 6 (b), and Fig. 7 (c) is the II-II sectional view of Fig. 6 (c).
Fig. 8 represents under different instruments, the chart of the void area in the test of helicla flute angle and the relation in gap.
Fig. 9 represents under different translational speeds, the chart of the void area in the test of helicla flute angle and the relation in gap.
Figure 10 represents under different gaps, the chart of the void area in the test of helicla flute angle and the relation of translational speed.
Figure 11 is side view and the upward view of the space formation throw used in the test of shoulder external diameter, wherein, and Figure 11 (a) representational tool NO.T1, Figure 11 (b) representational tool NO.T2, Figure 11 (c) representational tool NO.T3.
Figure 12 is the top view of the hardware representing the result of the test that shoulder external diameter is tested, wherein, and the result of Figure 12 (a) representational tool NO.T1, the result of Figure 12 (b) representational tool NO.T2, the result of Figure 12 (c) representational tool NO.T3.
Figure 13 (a) is the III-III sectional view of Figure 12 (a), and Figure 13 (b) is the III-III sectional view of Figure 12 (b), and Figure 13 (c) is the III-III sectional view of Figure 12 (c).
Figure 14 represents under different instruments, the chart of the void area in the test of shoulder external diameter and the relation in gap.
Figure 15 represents under different instruments, the chart of the void area in the test of shoulder external diameter and the relation in gap.
Figure 16 represents under different gaps, the chart of the relation of the void area in the test of shoulder external diameter and the external diameter of shoulder.
Figure 17 represents under different gaps, the chart of the relation of the void area in the test of shoulder external diameter and the external diameter of shoulder.
Figure 18 is side view and the upward view of the space formation throw used in ridge test, wherein, and Figure 18 (a) representational tool NO.S3-1, Figure 18 (b) representational tool NO.S3-2, Figure 18 (c) representational tool NO.S3-3.
Figure 19 is the sectional view of the hardware representing the result of the test that ridge is tested, wherein, and the result of Figure 19 (a) representational tool NO.S3-1, the result of Figure 19 (b) representational tool NO.S3-2, the result of Figure 19 (c) representational tool NO.S3-3.
Figure 20 represents under different instruments, the chart of the void area in ridge test and the relation in gap.
Figure 21 is stirring side view and the upward view of the space formation throw used in the test of pin external diameter, wherein, Figure 21 (a) representational tool NO.U1, Figure 21 (b) representational tool NO.U2, Figure 21 (c) representational tool NO.U3, Figure 21 (d) representational tool NO.U4.
Figure 22 is the sectional view representing the result of the test stirring the test of pin external diameter, wherein, the result of Figure 22 (a) representational tool NO.U1, the result of Figure 22 (b) representational tool NO.U2, the result of Figure 22 (c) representational tool NO.U3, the result of Figure 22 (d) representational tool NO.U4.
Figure 23 represents under different instruments, the chart of the void area in the test of stirring pin external diameter and the relation in gap.
Figure 24 represents under different instruments, the chart of the void area in the test of stirring pin external diameter and the relation in gap.
Figure 25 represents under different gaps, stirs the chart of the relation of the external diameter that the void area in the test of pin external diameter is sold with stirring.
Figure 26 is the side view and the upward view that represent the space formation throw used in depth of interstices test, wherein, and Figure 26 (a) representational tool NO.T2, Figure 26 (b) representational tool NO.T2-1, Figure 26 (c) representational tool NO.T2-2.
Figure 27 is the sectional view representing the result of the test that depth of interstices is tested, wherein, and the result of Figure 27 (a) and Figure 27 (b) representational tool NO.T2, the result of Figure 27 (c) and Figure 27 (d) representational tool NO.T2-1.
Figure 28 is the sectional view representing the result of the test that depth of interstices is tested, wherein, and the result of Figure 28 (a) and Figure 28 (b) representational tool NO.T2-2.
Figure 29 represents under different gaps, the chart of the relation of the depth of interstices in depth of interstices test and the height of smooth face.
Figure 30 represents under different gaps, the chart of the relation of the depth of interstices in depth of interstices test and the height of smooth face.
Figure 31 represents under the height of different helical groove portion, the chart of the void area in depth of interstices test and the relation in gap.
Figure 32 represents under the height of different helical groove portion, the chart of the void area in depth of interstices test and the relation in gap.
Figure 33 is the table representing each instrument in embodiment and the situation in the space formed.
Figure 34 is the table representing each instrument in embodiment and the situation in the space formed.
Detailed description of the invention
With reference to accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.As shown in Figure 1, the space formation throw 1 of present embodiment has shoulder 2 and stirs pin 3.Formation throw 1 in space is such as formed by tool steel etc.Space formation throw 1 is by while while mobile while rotating in hardware, and forms the instrument in tunnel-shaped space in hardware inside.By making the fluid such as gas or liquid flow in the tunnel-like space formed by above-mentioned instrument, such as, hardware can be used as coldplate.
Shoulder 2 in cylindric, and is connected with not shown friction-stir device.Ridge 2b is formed at the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2.Ridge 2b as Fig. 1 (b) be shown in and stir the surrounding of pin 3 and be formed as helical form.Though the cross sectional shape of ridge 2b is not particularly limited, be rectangle in the present embodiment.Though the winding number of ridge 2b is not particularly limited, reeled an about circle more than half in the present embodiment.Owing to being provided with ridge 2b, therefore, the easy base end side ambient dynamic stirring pin 3 of the metal (base material) when friction-stir after plastic flow automation can be made.
There is no particular restriction, as long as suitably setting just can for the starting position of ridge 2b (the distance P1 between the starting position of the cardinal extremity to ridge 2b that stir pin 3) and the helix pitch (the distance P2 between ridge 2b) of ridge 2b.In addition, also can not ridge 2b be set.
Stir pin 3 concentric with shoulder 2, and hang down to the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2.In addition, in the present embodiment, pin 3 is stirred in taper.There is no particular restriction, as long as suitably set for the length of stirring pin 3.
In the present embodiment, the external diameter Y2 of the external diameter X1 of shoulder 2 and stirring pin 3 front end is set as X1/Y2=1.4 ~ 2.2.Like this, when the formation space, inside utilizing friction-stir at hardware, space is not easily squeezed flat, and hardware not easily produces blemish.In addition, the load suffered by friction-stir device can be alleviated.Reason is as described below.
On the outer peripheral face stirring pin 3, be formed with helicla flute 3a from stirring pin 3 front end to cardinal extremity.In the present embodiment, helicla flute 3a utilizes spheric end milling cutter (ball end mill) to carry out slot machining to be formed.There is no particular restriction for the cross sectional shape of helicla flute 3a, but be semicircle in the present embodiment.In the present embodiment, when helicla flute 3a advances toward below above being, (Japanese: right time り) is formed (right-hand thread) toward the clockwise direction.
It is preferable that, by helicla flute 3a relative to datum level angulation (lead angle) α being normal with the direction of principal axis stirring pin 3, be suitably set between 20 ~ 40 degree.If the angle [alpha] of helicla flute 3a is less than 20 degree, then angle is excessively shallow, is not easily scraped from shoulder 2 by the metal after plastic flow automation.On the other hand, if the angle [alpha] of helicla flute 3a is greater than 40 degree, then because the length of helicla flute 3a shortens relative to stirring pin 3, therefore, not easily the metal after plastic flow automation is scraped from shoulder 2.Thus, in either case, space is all likely squeezed flat.
Though be not particularly limited for the axial winding number of helicla flute 3a, it is preferable that, more than the circle that at least reels.If more than winding one circle, then very large space can be formed.If the winding number of helicla flute 3a is less than a circle, then because helicla flute 3a occurs departing from relative to the position of stirring pin 3, therefore, there is the possibility of the metal residual after plastic flow automation on either party sidewall in formed space.
In addition, in the present embodiment, though helicla flute 3a is formed as mentioned above, also counterclockwise can be formed (left-hand thread) in time advancing in below from top.
Then, the space formation method of present embodiment is described.As shown in Figure 2, in the present embodiment, the situation that flat hardware Z is processed is exemplified.There is no particular restriction for the material of hardware Z, as long as can choose the metal of friction-stir from aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy etc.
Rotational clearance formation throw 1 above hardware Z, is pressed into the surperficial Za of hardware Z, under the state keeping level altitude, makes space formation throw 1 relative to hardware Z relative movement by stirring pin 3.Space forms the rotary speed using throw 1, and there is no particular restriction, such as, be set between 700 ~ 1300rpm.In addition, the translational speed of space formation throw 1 is set in such as between 200 ~ 400mm/min.Both the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 and the surperficial Za of hardware Z can have been made to occur while abutting mobile, it also can be made to move across gap.The gap (distance) of the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 and the surperficial Za of hardware Z is as long as K is suitably set as such as between 0 ~ 3.0mm.
As shown in Figure 2 (a) shows, in the present embodiment, owing to advancing from top toward below and forming helicla flute 3a along clockwise direction, therefore, in space formation method, from top view, space formation throw 1 is rotated toward the clockwise direction.That is, make space formation throw 1 towards the direction by helicla flute 3a, the metal after plastic flow automation upwards being scraped the surperficial Za to hardware Z, rotate and move.
In addition, when being formed in the counterclockwise direction from top toward below by helicla flute 3a, make space formation throw 1 towards the direction, the i.e. counterclockwise rotation that the metal after plastic flow automation are scraped the surperficial Za to hardware Z.
In space formation method, space formation throw 1 couple of hardware Z is utilized to carry out friction-stir, and
pass throughhelicla flute 3a produces Plastic Flow upward.By this, the metal after liquidation is guided by helicla flute 3a, and is scraped the surperficial Za side to hardware Z.The metal be scraped, while contact with bottom surface 2a, is pressed under the effect of the extruding force of space formation throw 1.Space formation throw 1, through left vestige, forms the tunnel-shaped space M as being formed because scraping metal, and above the M of space, forms plastification region Z2.
Herein, as shown in Fig. 2 (b), the hardware Z after friction-stir is made up of the plastification region Z2 on body Z1, the space M formed in body Z1 inside and covering M top, space.Plastification region Z2 is after utilizing friction-stir to make metal plastic flowing, hardens and the position of formation.In the present embodiment, plastification region Z2 is inversed taper platform shape from cross-section, is formed in the mode covered above the M of space.Plastification region Z2 is formed by utilizing the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 to press the metal after by stirring pin 3 friction-stir.Metal in metal after friction-stir, that overflow from the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 becomes burr V and exposes on surperficial Za.Burr V removes preferably by modes such as cuttings.
In the present embodiment, space M is formed as cross section in the form of a substantially rectangular.In the present embodiment, space M is confined space, in the boundary portion office of plastification region Z2 inside, body Z1 and plastification region Z2, does not have to form the blemish be communicated with space M.In addition, the distance between from M upper end, space to surperficial Za is set as " depth of interstices D ".
Different by the shape of throw 1 according to space formation, metal likely cannot suitably be scraped, and it is flat that space M is squeezed.On the other hand, metal is also likely excessively scraped, and makes plastification region Z2 thinning, and boundary portion office that is inner at plastification region Z2, body Z1 and plastification region Z2 forms the blemish be communicated with space M.
But by space formation throw 1, owing to metal suitably can be scraped, and the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 can be utilized to press the metal be scraped, therefore, space M not easily squeezes flat, and not easily produces blemish on hardware Z.In addition, the load suffered by friction-stir device can be alleviated.For the external diameter X1 of shoulder 2 and the condition such as the ratio of external diameter Y2 of stirring pin 2 front end and the numerical value of spiral fluted angle [alpha], will be described in an embodiment.
In addition, because the stirring pin 3 of present embodiment is conical by its shape, therefore, the resistance of pressing in when being pressed into hardware Z can be reduced.
< first variation >
Then, the present invention first variation is described.In the space formation of the first variation with in throw 1A, stir pin 3 have smooth facial 11 and helical groove portion 12 point on different from the embodiment described above.
As shown in Fig. 3 (a), on the outer peripheral face of the stirring pin 3 of the first variation, have and do not form smooth facial 11 of groove and be formed with the helical groove portion 12 of helicla flute 3a.The smooth outer peripheral face of facial 11 is flat condition, is formed in from stirring the cardinal extremity of pin 3 until stir the position of the substantial middle of pin 3.
On the other hand, at the outer peripheral face of helical groove portion 12, from front end until the position of substantial middle (until smooth facial 11), be formed with helicla flute 3a.Helicla flute 3a at least reels more than one week ideally.As long as the height H 1 of helical groove portion 12 suitably carries out setting according to the degree of depth of the gap M of the predetermined formation relative to hardware Z, such as, it is preferable that, height H 1 be relative to the smooth height of facial 11 of 30 ~ 70%(of length stirring pin 3 be relative to the length stirring pin 3 70% ~ 30%) length.
In the space formation shown in Fig. 1 with in throw 1, due to from stirring the front end of pin 3 to the position of cardinal extremity, be formed with helicla flute 3a, metal ratio is easier to be scraped, depth of interstices D smaller (shallow).
But, according to the space formation throw 1A of the first variation, metal is scraped out formation space M by helical groove portion 12, but is not easy to be scraped to outside from shoulder 2 by the metal of friction-stir smooth facial 11.Thus, the thickness due to plastification region Z2 becomes large, therefore, depth of interstices D can be made to increase (intensification).By this, not only can form larger space M at hardware Z compared with deep location place, and in the inside of plastification region Z2, the boundary member of body Z1 and plastification region Z2 more not easily forms blemish.
< second variation >
Then, the second variation of the present invention is described.As shown in Figure 3 (b), in the space formation of the second variation with in throw 1B, be different from the embodiment described above on this aspect formed discontinuously at the ridge 2b of the bottom surface 2a being formed at shoulder 2.
The ridge 2b of the second variation comprises the multiple notch part 2c split ridge 2.Owing to comprising notch part 2c, the metal after plastic flow automation just flows through notch part 2c, and the metal after plastic flow automation is easily flowed along the radial direction of the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2.By this, metal easily concentrates on around the cardinal extremity of stirring pin 3, and is easily scraped from notch part 2c by the metal after plastic flow automation.By this, larger space M can be formed.In addition, as long as the number of notch part 2c and size suitably set.
< the 3rd variation >
Then, the 3rd variation of the present invention is described.As shown in Figure 4, the space of the 3rd variation is formed with in throw 1C, different from the embodiment described above on this aspect that the external diameter stirring pin 3 is constant.
The external diameter Y1 of stirring pin 3 cardinal extremity of space formation throw 1C is identical with the external diameter Y2 of front end.Like this, also can the external diameter stirring pin 3 be set to constant.By this, the space M formed in space formation method can be formed as constant width.
Above, embodiments of the present invention and variation are illustrated, but in the scope not violating the object of the invention, suitably can change design.
Embodiment
< tests summary >
Then, embodiments of the invention are described.In an embodiment, the shape, size, ratio etc. of each key element of formation space formation throw are changed and carries out space formation method, and observe the space formed.In addition, for convenience of explanation, below space formation throw is only called " instrument ".
In an embodiment, be roughly divided into 5 kinds of tests to carry out." test of helicla flute angle " carrying out studying the impact of the spiral fluted angle (lead angle) of instrument, " test of shoulder external diameter " that the impact of shoulder external diameter is studied, " ridge test " that the impact of the ridge of shoulder bottom surface is studied, " stirring the test of pin external diameter " that the impact of the external diameter stirring pin is studied, " depth of interstices test " that the depth of interstices in formed plastification region is studied.
In depth of interstices test, use A1050 alloy sheets, in other test, use A1100 alloy sheets.Be formed at the spiral fluted cross sectional shape semicircular in shape stirring pin, its radius is 1.5mm.The starting position (the distance P1 of Fig. 1 (b)) of ridge is 3.0mm, and helix pitch (the distance P2 of Fig. 1 (b)) is 2.5mm.
In space formation method, the instrument be rotating is pressed into above-mentioned alloy sheets, and mobile predetermined distance.The rotating speed of instrument is essentially 800RPM, in depth of interstices test, also can carry out friction-stir by 1275RPM, study the impact of instrument rotating speed.
Instrument moves with the translational speed of 100mm/min or 300mm/min.In addition, in the test of helicla flute angle, translational speed also can be made to change between 50 ~ 300mm/min, the impact with translational speed is studied.
Then, in each test, be changed to 0mm, 1.0mm, 2.0mm, 3.0mm by from the surface of hardware to the gap (the distance K of Fig. 2 (a)) between the bottom surface of shoulder, single metal component carry out friction-stir, the space formed respectively is compared.In each block alloy sheets (test body), the central portion of alloy sheets is cut off, after grinding, etching, observe the void shape formed.In addition, the sectional area of image device to formed space is used to measure.
< helicla flute angle test >
In the test of helicla flute angle, the impact of the angle of the helicla flute 3a of stirring pin 3 is studied.As shown in Figure 5, in this test, use three kinds of instrument NO.S1 ~ S3.In instrument NO.S1, the horizontal plane angulation with helicla flute 3a being set as 40 degree, in instrument NO.S2, is 30 degree by this angle initialization, in instrument NO.S3, is 20 degree by this angle initialization.In addition, in instrument NO.S1, helicla flute is about 0.8 circle relative to the axial winding number stirring pin 3, and in instrument NO.S2, this winding number is about 1.3 circles, and in instrument NO.S3, this winding number is about 2.3 circles.
Structure except the angle of helicla flute 3a is all identical in three kinds of instruments, and the external diameter of shoulder 2 is set as 22mm, and the external diameter stirring pin 3 cardinal extremity is set as 10mm, and the external diameter of front end is set as 7mm, and the length setting stirring pin 3 is 11mm.In addition, the bottom surface 2a all at shoulder 2 in each instrument is provided with Vorticose ridge 2b.The height of ridge 2b is 1mm.
Fig. 6 is the top view of the hardware representing the result of the test that helicla flute angle is tested, wherein, and the result of Fig. 6 (a) representational tool NO.S1, the result of Fig. 6 (b) representational tool NO.S2, the result of Fig. 6 (c) representational tool NO.S3.Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b), Fig. 6 (c) are all at hardware Z(body Z1) surperficial Za on be formed with four plastification region Z2.The gap that plastification region Z2 represents between the bottom surface 2a from the surperficial Za of hardware Z to shoulder 2 successively on figure is the result of the situation of 0mm, the situation of 1.0mm, the situation of 2.0mm, the situation of 3.0mm.
Fig. 7 (a) is the II-II sectional view of Fig. 6 (a), and Fig. 7 (b) is the II-II sectional view of Fig. 6 (b), and Fig. 7 (c) is the II-II sectional view of Fig. 6 (c).
As shown in Fig. 6 (a) ~ Fig. 6 (c), be under the condition of 0mm, 1.0mm in gap, whole of the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 with plastic flow automation after Metal Contact, and larger burr V can be produced.Be under the condition of 2.0mm in gap, although whole of the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 with plastic flow automation after Metal Contact, burr V is fewer.Be under the condition of 3.0mm in gap, the width of the plastification region Z2 formed after plastic flow automation than the external diameter X1(of shoulder 2 with reference to Fig. 1 (a)) little.
At this, as shown in FIG. 6 and 7, the rotary speed of instrument is added the side of the translational speed of instrument is set as " advance side (Advancing side) " (hereinafter also referred to " Ad side "), the side rotary speed of instrument being deducted the translational speed of instrument is set as " retreating side (Retreatingside) " (hereinafter also referred to " Re side ").In the present embodiment, owing to making instrument towards right rotation, while make it move from the left side of Fig. 6 to the right, therefore, be Ad side on the left of direct of travel, right side is Re side.
As shown in Figure 7 (a), the space M of instrument NO.S1 is in longitudinally elongated rectangular shape.Plastification region Z2 covers the top of space M, and its some remains on the sidewall of Re side of space M.
On the other hand, in instrument NO.S2 and instrument NO.S3, be under the condition of 1.0 ~ 3.0 in gap, form the space M that shape is roughly the same, the metal after plastic flow automation does not remain on the sidewall of space M, but is expelled to outside.
In instrument NO.S1 ~ S3, knownly become large along with gap, the height and position of space M moves to the top of hardware Z, and the height of space M also uprises.In addition, the known gap along with in instrument NO.S1 ~ S3 becomes large, and the sectional area of plastification region Z2 diminishes, and diminishes from the upper end of space M to the depth of interstices D between the surperficial Za of hardware Z.
In addition, in instrument NO.S2 and instrument NO.S3, the width of the space M formed is roughly the same with the external diameter stirring pin 2 front end, but in instrument NO.S1, the width in the space formed is less than the external diameter stirring pin 2 front end.As shown in Figure 7 (a), a part of plastification region Z2 can remain in the sidewall of the Re side of space M.Can imagine that this causes because of the angle of the helicla flute 3a of NO.S1 instrument and winding number.
Due in instrument NO.S1, the angle of helicla flute 3a reaches 40 degree deeply, and therefore, helicla flute is shorter relative to the length stirring pin 3.Thus, can imagine that the metal after plastic flow automation is difficult to be discharged.In addition, in instrument NO.1, the winding number of helicla flute 3a is less than a circle, and therefore, helicla flute 3a there will be deviation relative to the position of stirring pin 3.Thus, can imagine that the metal after plastification can remain in (in this case Re side) on a sidewall of formed space M.
Fig. 8 represents under different instruments, the chart of the void area in the test of helicla flute angle and the relation in gap.As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the void area of the space M using instrument NO.S2 and instrument NO.S3 to be formed is roughly the same, but the void area that the instrument of use NO.S1 obtains is less than the void area of instrument NO.S2 and instrument NO.S3.
In addition, as shown in Figure 8, along with the increase in instrument NO.S1 ~ S3 intermediate gap, void area (sectional area of space M) also increases.In brief, instrument is removed from hardware Z, if the metal after plastic flow automation easily can be scraped, then the known void area that can increase space M.The increase ratio (slope in chart) of the void area of instrument NO.S1 ~ S3 is all about 7mm
2/ mm, roughly the same with the external diameter stirring pin 3 front end.
Fig. 9 represents under different translational speeds, the chart of the void area in the test of helicla flute angle and the relation in gap.Because instrument NO.S1 ~ S3 is roughly the same result, therefore, in fig .9, only the result of representational tool NO.S2 is used as typical example.
Figure 10 represents under different gap, the chart of the void area in the test of helicla flute angle and the relation of translational speed.In Fig. 10, the relation of the void area that use instrument NO.S3 obtains and translational speed is represented.
Can know from Fig. 9 and Figure 10 and know, void area is affected because of the change of translational speed hardly.
< shoulder external diameter test >
In the test of shoulder external diameter, the impact of the external diameter of shoulder 2 is studied.As shown in figure 11, in this test, use three kinds of instrument NO.T1 ~ T3.In instrument NO.T1, the external diameter of shoulder 2 is set as 20mm, in instrument NO.T2, the external diameter of shoulder 2 is set as 18mm, in instrument NO.T3, the external diameter of shoulder 2 is set as 16mm.Structure except the external diameter of shoulder 2 is all identical in three kinds of instruments, and the external diameter stirring pin 3 cardinal extremity is set as 10mm, and the external diameter of front end is set as 7mm, and the length setting stirring pin 3 is 11mm.In addition, each instrument is all provided with Vorticose ridge 2b on the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2.The height of ridge 2b is 1mm.
Figure 12 is the result of the result of the result of the top view of the hardware representing the result of the test that shoulder external diameter is tested, Figure 12 (a) representational tool NO.T1, Figure 12 (b) representational tool NO.T2, Figure 12 (c) representational tool NO.T3.In addition, Figure 13 (a) is the III-III sectional view of Figure 12 (a), and Figure 13 (b) is the III-III sectional view of Figure 12 (b), and Figure 13 (c) is the III-III sectional view of Figure 12 (c).In addition, as shown in Fig. 5 (c), in above-mentioned instrument NO.S3, the external diameter of shoulder 2 is 22mm, and other structure is identical with instrument NO.T1 ~ T3, therefore, contrasts and studies the figure of Fig. 6 (c), Fig. 7 (c).
By reducing the external diameter of shoulder 2, even if known gap is 2.0mm, the metal after plastic flow automation also can contact with the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2, and discharges a large amount of burr V from Re side.When in gap being 3.0mm, though discharge burr V in Re side, when using instrument NO.T1, instrument NO.T3, the metal of plastification region Z2 is not enough, and forms the blemish E be communicated with space M.
On the other hand, along with the external diameter of shoulder 2 diminishes, the height of space M increases.By reducing the external diameter of shoulder 2, can be reduced by the metal that the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 presses.Therefore, can imagine that the metal after plastic flow automation is easily scraped, and increase relevant to the height of space M.
Figure 14 and Figure 15 represents under different instruments, the chart of the void area in the test of shoulder external diameter and the relation in gap, Figure 14 represents result when translational speed being set as 100mm/min, and Figure 15 represents result when translational speed being set as 300mm/min.
As shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15, in all instruments, along with gap becomes large, void area increases.In brief, instrument is removed from hardware Z, if the metal after plastic flow automation easily can be scraped, then the known void area that can increase space M.The increase ratio (slope of increase) of the void area of instrument NO.S3, instrument NO.T1 ~ T3 is about 7mm
2/ mm is identical with the external diameter stirring pin 3 front end.
Figure 16 and Figure 17 represents under different gaps, the chart of the relation of the void area in the test of shoulder external diameter and the external diameter of shoulder, Figure 16 represents result when translational speed being set as 100mm/min, and Figure 17 represents result when translational speed being set as 300mm/min.
As shown in FIG. 16 and 17, be under the condition of 2.0mm in gap, the void area obtained when the external diameter of shoulder 2 is 22mm is roughly the same with the void area obtained when the external diameter of shoulder 2 is 20mm.The external diameter of shoulder 2 is in the scope of 20mm to 16mm, and along with the external diameter of shoulder 2 reduces, void area can increase.The increase ratio (slope of increase) of void area is about 5mm
2/ mm.
As shown in figure 16, under translational speed is 100mm/min and gap is the condition of 3.0mm, the external diameter of shoulder 2 is in the scope of 22mm to 16mm, and along with the external diameter of shoulder 2 diminishes, void area linearly increases.Can imagine that this is that the pressurization from shoulder 2 can reduce because diminishing along with the external diameter of shoulder 2, and discharged metal is increased.
On the other hand, as shown in figure 17, be under the condition of 300mm/min in translational speed, and be under the condition of 3.0mm in gap, due to when the external diameter of shoulder 2 is 16mm, 18mm, can blemish be produced in plastification region, therefore, void area can be made to reduce.
< ridge test >
In ridge test, the impact of ridge 2b of the bottom surface 2a being formed at shoulder 2 is studied.As shown in figure 18, in this test, three kinds of spaces are used to be formed with throw NO.S3-1 ~ S3-3.In instrument NO.S3-1, the width of the notch part 2c of ridge 2b is set as 2mm, in instrument NO.S3-2, this width is set as 6mm.In instrument NO.S3-3, ridge is not set.Structure except ridge 2b is all identical in three kinds of instruments, and the external diameter of shoulder 2 is set as 22mm, and the external diameter stirring pin 3 cardinal extremity is set as 10mm, and the external diameter of front end is set as 7mm, and the length setting stirring pin is 11mm.
Figure 19 is the sectional view of the hardware representing the result of the test that ridge is tested, and wherein, the result of Figure 19 (a) representational tool NO.S3-1, Figure 19 (b) is the result of representational tool NO.S3-2, the result of Figure 19 (c) representational tool NO.S3-3.Figure 20 represents under different instruments, the chart of the void area in ridge test and the relation in gap.In addition, as shown in Fig. 5 (c), above-mentioned space formation throw NO.S3 comprises the ridge 2b not having notch part 2c, because other structure is identical with instrument NO.S3-1 ~ S3-3, therefore, can contrast and study the figure of Fig. 6 (c), Fig. 7 (c).
As shown in Fig. 7 (c), Figure 19 (a) and Figure 20, each void area of instrument NO.3, instrument NO.3-1 and instrument NO.3-3 is roughly equal.If the result of the result of instrument NO.3 and instrument NO.3-3 is contrasted, knownly with or without ridge 2b, the result of void area not to be affected.But if Fig. 7 (c) and Figure 19 (c) contrasted, the known space M shape with the instrument NO.3 of ridge 2b is more neat.Can imagine this be make because having ridge 2b the metal after plastic flow automation easily concentrate on stir pin 3 base end side around cause.
If as instrument NO.3-2, the length of notch part 2c is 6mm and this length is long, then void area also can become large.If can imagine, this is because the length of notch part 2c increases, the metal then after plastic flow automation easily flows along the radial direction of the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2, and is easily scraped by above-mentioned metal.
< stirs pin external diameter test >
In the test of stirring pin external diameter, use the shoulder 2 of same outer diameter, and the external diameter from the cardinal extremity to front end that stir pin 3 is set as constant, and the external diameter of each stirring pin 3 is changed, the impact of the external diameter stirring pin 3 is studied.As shown in figure 21, in this test, four kinds of spaces are used to be formed with throw NO.U1 ~ U4.In instrument NO.U1, the external diameter stirring pin 3 is set as 10mm, in instrument NO.U2, the external diameter stirring pin 3 is set as 12mm, in instrument NO.U3, the external diameter stirring pin 3 is set as 14mm, in instrument NO.U4, the external diameter stirring pin 3 is set as 16mm.Structure except stirring the external diameter of pin 3 is all identical in four kinds of instruments, and the external diameter of shoulder 2 is set as 22mm, and the length setting stirring pin 3 is 11mm.In addition, each instrument is all provided with Vorticose ridge 2b at the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2.The height of ridge 2b is 1mm.
As shown in Figure 22 (d), the known gap at instrument NO.U4 is under the condition of 3.0mm, can produce blemish E.As shown in FIG. 22 and 23, known in instrument NO.U1 ~ U4, along with gap increases, void area also can become large.The increase ratio (slope of chart) of the void area of instrument NO.U1 ~ U3, the value that the external diameter for the stirring pin 3 with respective instrument is close.
That is, the increase ratio (slope of chart) of the void area of instrument NO.U1 is 10mm in fig 23
2/ mm is 10.7mm in fig. 24
2the increase ratio of the void area of/mm, instrument NO.U2 is 12.6mm in fig 23
2/ mm is 12.5mm in fig. 24
2the increase ratio of the void area of/mm, instrument NO.U3 is 13.7mm in fig 23
2/ mm is 14.4mm in fig. 24
2/ mm.If can imagine and the gap of each instrument is all increased 1mm, because space M can increase the amount corresponding to the external diameter stirring pin 3, thus formed void area also increases the amount corresponding to the external diameter stirring pin 3.
In addition, as shown in Figure 23 and Figure 24, the difference of known translational speed does not affect void area.In addition, as shown in figure 25, the known external diameter along with stirring pin 3 becomes large, and void area also increases, but its increase trend is quadratic function.
< depth of interstices test >
Depth of interstices test in, as shown in Fig. 3 (a), use have do not formed helicla flute 3a smooth facial 11 space formation throw, the depth location of formed space M is studied.As shown in figure 26, in this test, use three kinds of space formation throws.Instrument NO.T2 is comparative example, identical with the instrument shown in Figure 11 (b).
As shown in Figure 27 (a), the height of the helical groove portion 12 of instrument NO.T2 is identical with the length stirring pin 3, is 11.0mm.As shown in Figure 27 (c), instrument NO.T2-1 smooth facial 11 height be 3.5mm, the height of helical groove portion 12 is 7.5mm.As shown in Figure 28 (a), instrument NO.T2-2 smooth facial 11 height be 6.0mm, the height of helical groove portion 12 is 5.0mm.
Structure except the height of helical groove portion 12 is all identical in three kinds of instruments, and the external diameter of shoulder 2 is 18mm, and the external diameter stirring pin 3 cardinal extremity is 10mm, and the external diameter of front end is 7mm.Each instrument is all provided with Vorticose ridge 2b at the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2.The height of ridge 2b is 1mm.In addition, in depth of interstices test, be 0mm, 1.0mm, 2.0mm tri-kinds from the gap of the surperficial Za to the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 of hardware Z.In addition, in each instrument, test under these two kinds of rotating speeds of 800RPM and 1275RPM.
Figure 27 is the sectional view representing the result of the test that depth of interstices is tested, wherein, and the result of Figure 27 (a) and Figure 27 (b) representational tool NO.T2, the result of Figure 27 (c) and Figure 27 (d) representational tool NO.T2-1.Figure 28 is the sectional view representing the result of the test that depth of interstices is tested, wherein, and the result of Figure 28 (a) and Figure 28 (b) representational tool NO.T2-2.Figure 29 represents under different gaps, the chart of the relation of the depth of interstices in depth of interstices test and the height of smooth face.Figure 30 represents under different gaps, the chart of the relation of the depth of interstices in depth of interstices test and the height of smooth face.The rotating speed of the instrument of Figure 29 with Figure 30 is different, and the rotating speed in the test of Figure 29 is the rotating speed in the test of 800RPM, Figure 30 is 1275RPM.
As shown in Figure 29 and Figure 30, the known smooth height of facial 11 (stirring the height of the length-helical groove portion 12 of pin 3) is larger, and depth of interstices D is also darker.In addition, known gap is less, and depth of interstices D is also darker.If contrasted by Figure 29 and Figure 30, the rotating speed of known instrument is higher, and depth of interstices D just becomes darker.
Figure 31 represents under the height of different helical groove portion, the chart of the void area in depth of interstices test and the relation in gap.Figure 32 represents under the height of different helical groove portion, the chart of the void area in depth of interstices test and the relation in gap.The rotating speed of the instrument of Figure 31 and Figure 32 is different, and the rotating speed in the test of Figure 31 is the rotating speed in the test of 800RPM, Figure 32 is 1275RPM.
As shown in Figure 31, Figure 32 and Figure 27, Figure 28, the height of known helical groove portion 11 is higher, then void area becomes larger.If contrasted by Figure 31 and Figure 32, the rotating speed of known instrument does not almost affect the increase and decrease of void area.
In sum, according to gas test, increase the smooth height of facial 11 if known, just space M can be formed in very dark position.On the other hand, if the known smooth excessive height of facial 11, then the void area of space M can diminish.
External diameter/stirring pin the external diameter of front end of < shoulder and the contrast > of result of the test
Figure 33 and Figure 34 is the table of the situation of each instrument representing embodiment and the space formed."○" in " situation " entry represents that space M's is in good condition, and "×" represents the state producing blemish E.
As shown in Figure 33 and Figure 34, when the external diameter of shoulder is 1.4 ~ 2.2 divided by the value that the external diameter stirring pin front end obtains, can not produce blemish E, the state of space M is mostly good.If above-mentioned value is less than 1.4, because the metal scraped cannot be pushed down by the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2, therefore, easily blemish E is produced.On the other hand, if above-mentioned value is greater than 2.2, then because being not easy the metal after plastic flow automation to scrape from shoulder 2, therefore, space is easily squeezed flat.In addition, if above-mentioned value is greater than 2.2, then because of friction-stir device Spindle Motor suffered by load become large, thus not satisfactory.
(symbol description)
1 space formation throw
2 shoulders
2a bottom surface
2b ridge
2c notch part
3 stir pin
3a helicla flute
D depth of interstices
K gap
M space
V burr
Z hardware
Z1 body
Z2 plastification region
Za surface
Claims (9)
1. a space formation method, uses formation throw in space to come in the formation space, inside of hardware, it is characterized in that,
The stirring pin that described space formation throw has shoulder and hangs down from described shoulder,
Carve at the described outer peripheral face stirring pin and be provided with helicla flute, this helicla flute is formed in time advancing in below toward the clockwise direction from top,
The value that the external diameter of described shoulder obtains divided by the described external diameter stirring pin front end is set as more than 1.4, less than 2.2, and described helicla flute is set as more than 20 degree, less than 40 degree relative to the datum level angulation being normal with the described direction of principal axis stirring pin
In described space formation method,
When making described space formation throw carry out relative movement relative to described hardware, make described space formation throw from during top view towards right rotation, metal because of friction-stir after liquidation, and to be pressed by the bottom surface of described shoulder by the surface upwards scraped to described hardware by described helicla flute.
2. a space formation method, uses formation throw in space to come in the formation space, inside of hardware, it is characterized in that,
The stirring pin that described space formation throw has shoulder and hangs down from described shoulder,
Carve at the described outer peripheral face stirring pin and be provided with helicla flute, this helicla flute is counterclockwise formed in time advancing in below from top,
The value that the external diameter of described shoulder obtains divided by the described external diameter stirring pin front end is set as more than 1.4, less than 2.2, and described helicla flute is set as more than 20 degree, less than 40 degree relative to the datum level angulation being normal with the described direction of principal axis stirring pin
In described space formation method,
When making described space formation throw carry out relative movement relative to described hardware, make described space formation throw from during top view towards anticlockwise, metal because of friction-stir after liquidation, and to be pressed by the bottom surface of described shoulder by the surface upwards scraped to described hardware by described helicla flute.
3. space as claimed in claim 1 or 2 formation method, is characterized in that,
Described helicla flute reels more than a circle on described stirring pin.
4. space as claimed in claim 1 or 2 formation method, is characterized in that,
Described spiral fluted helical groove portion will be formed and not form the smooth face of described spiral fluted and be formed at described stirring pin,
From the front end of described stirring pin, quarter establishes described helical groove portion.
5. space as claimed in claim 1 or 2 formation method, is characterized in that,
There is ridge the bottom surface of described shoulder is projecting,
Described ridge is formed as vortex shape around described stirring pin.
6. space as claimed in claim 5 formation method, is characterized in that,
Described ridge is formed the notch part of the radial direction cutting of the bottom surface along described shoulder.
7. space as claimed in claim 1 or 2 formation method, is characterized in that,
Described stirring pin is formed with constant external diameter from front end to cardinal extremity.
8. space as claimed in claim 1 or 2 formation method, is characterized in that, the distance of the bottom surface of the surface of described hardware and described shoulder is set as 0 ~ 3.0mm.
9. a space formation throw, utilize friction-stir and formation space, inside at hardware time use, it is characterized in that,
The stirring pin there is shoulder, hanging down from described shoulder and the ridge of the projecting bottom surface at described shoulder,
Carve at the described outer peripheral face stirring pin and be provided with helicla flute,
The external diameter of described shoulder is more than 1.4, less than 2.2 divided by the described value stirring the external diameter of pin front end,
Described ridge is formed as vortex shape around described stirring pin,
Described ridge is formed the notch part of the radial direction cutting of the bottom surface along described shoulder.
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| JP2010-157499 | 2010-07-12 | ||
| JP2010157499A JP5644217B2 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2010-07-12 | Rotating tool for forming gap and method for forming gap |
| PCT/JP2011/064934 WO2012008307A1 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2011-06-29 | Rotating tool for forming voids and void-formation method |
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| CN102971108B true CN102971108B (en) | 2015-05-27 |
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| KR (2) | KR20130036064A (en) |
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| JP2014094409A (en) | 2012-10-10 | 2014-05-22 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | Method of producing heat exchanger plate and friction agitation joining method |
| JP6057840B2 (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2017-01-11 | 京浜ラムテック株式会社 | Internal space forming method, internal space forming device, and heat transfer plate |
| JP6052232B2 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2016-12-27 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Joining method |
| JP5954472B2 (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2016-07-20 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Gap formation method |
| JP6103086B2 (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2017-03-29 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Gap formation method |
| TWI702102B (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-08-21 | 莊文茂 | Friction stir welding device and method thereof |
| WO2021070237A1 (en) | 2019-10-08 | 2021-04-15 | ヤマザキマザック株式会社 | Stirring pin, friction stir welding tool, and machine tool |
| CN115647562B (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-06-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Friction stir tunnel forming device and method |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2012020288A (en) | 2012-02-02 |
| JP5644217B2 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
| TWI468247B (en) | 2015-01-11 |
| TW201217090A (en) | 2012-05-01 |
| WO2012008307A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
| CN102971108A (en) | 2013-03-13 |
| KR20140131596A (en) | 2014-11-13 |
| KR20130036064A (en) | 2013-04-09 |
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