CN102971108A - Rotating tool for forming voids and void-formation method - Google Patents

Rotating tool for forming voids and void-formation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102971108A
CN102971108A CN2011800329070A CN201180032907A CN102971108A CN 102971108 A CN102971108 A CN 102971108A CN 2011800329070 A CN2011800329070 A CN 2011800329070A CN 201180032907 A CN201180032907 A CN 201180032907A CN 102971108 A CN102971108 A CN 102971108A
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Prior art keywords
space
shoulder
external diameter
throw
forms
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CN2011800329070A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN102971108B (en
Inventor
堀久司
濑尾伸城
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Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
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Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/15—Magnesium or alloys thereof

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed are a rotating tool for forming voids and a void-formation method whereby, when friction stirring is used to form a void inside a metallic member, said void is more resistant to collapse and the formation of surface defects is inhibited. Said rotating tool (1), which is moved relative to a metallic member (Z) while being rotated and forms a void (M) inside said metallic member (Z), is characterized by having a shoulder part (2) and a stirring pin (3) that is suspended vertically from said shoulder part (2). The rotating tool is further characterized in that a helical groove (3a) is engraved in the outer surface of the stirring pin (3) and the outside diameter of the shoulder part is 1.4-2.2 times the outside diameter of the tip of the stirring pin.

Description

The space forms with throw and space formation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly utilize friction to stir and form with throw in the inner interstitial space of hardware and use the space formation method of this throw.
Background technology
The space that records have shoulder (shoulder) and the stirring pin to the bottom surface of this shoulder that hangs down in the patent documentation 1 forms uses throw.Carve at the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned stirring pin and to establish (engrave) thread groove.When in the inner formation of hardware space, to form towards the space that the direction of retreat of thread groove is rotated and be pressed into the surface of flat hardware with throw, and space formation is relatively moved with respect to hardware with throw.By this, the metal behind the Plastic Flow and is pushed down the part of the metal that scrapes under the guiding of the spiral of thread groove and scraped near the bottom surface of shoulder with the bottom surface of shoulder.Therefore, the top in space is utilized that friction is stirred and the hardware of plastification covers, thereby, can be in the inner formation of hardware tunnel-like space.
The prior art document
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: Japanese patent laid-open 11-47961 communique
Summary of the invention
Invent technical problem to be solved
But, because the space forms with the structure of throw differently, exist the space to squeeze the possibility in the hole flat, that appearance is communicated with the surface of space and hardware (below be also referred to as " blemish ").
According to above-mentioned viewpoint, when technical problem of the present invention was to provide a kind of inside when utilizing friction to be stirred in hardware to form the space, the space was difficult for squeezing flat, and the space that is not prone to blemish forms with throw and space formation method.
The technical scheme that the technical solution problem adopts
The present invention who solves the problems of the technologies described above is the space formation throw that uses when formation space, the inside of hardware utilizing friction to stir, its special title, be, the stirring pin that has shoulder and hang down from above-mentioned shoulder, outer peripheral face at above-mentioned stirring pin is provided with helicla flute quarter, and the external diameter of above-mentioned shoulder is more than 1.4, below 2.2 divided by the resulting value of external diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin front end.
According to said structure, owing to not only the metal behind Plastic Flow suitably can be scraped, and can utilize the bottom surface of shoulder to press the metal that scrapes, therefore, the space is difficult for squeezing flat, and is difficult for producing blemish at hardware.If the external diameter of above-mentioned shoulder less than 1.4, then because the metal that scrapes can't be pushed down by the bottom surface of shoulder, therefore produces blemish divided by the resulting value of external diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin front end easily.On the other hand, if the external diameter of above-mentioned shoulder divided by the resulting value of external diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin front end greater than 2.2, then owing to be not easy metal is scraped from shoulder, therefore, the space in the hardware is squeezed flat easily.In addition, the suffered load of the Spindle Motor of friction agitating device becomes large.
In addition, comparatively it is desirable to, above-mentioned helicla flute is above as 20 degree with respect to the datum level angulation take the direction of principal axis of above-mentioned stirring pin as normal, 40 spend below.According to said structure, the space is more difficult crowded flat.If above-mentioned helicla flute is spent less than 20 with respect to said reference face angulation, and is then shallow because of angle, be not easy metal is scraped from shoulder.In addition, if helicla flute is spent greater than 40 with respect to said reference face angulation, then because spiral fluted length shortens for stirring pin, be not easy metal is scraped from shoulder.Thereby in each case, the space all might be squeezed flat.
In addition, comparatively it is desirable to, above-mentioned helicla flute is reeled more than the circle at above-mentioned stirring pin.Be less than a circle if spiral fluted is reeled, then can be on any sidewall in space the residual metal that has behind Plastic Flow, and it is flat that the space might be squeezed, but according to said structure, because metal is by harmony Plastic Flow well, therefore, it is flat to avoid the space to squeeze.
In addition, comparatively it is desirable to, above-mentioned stirring pin comprises and is formed with above-mentioned spiral fluted spiral slot part and does not form the smooth face of above-mentioned spiral fluted that above-mentioned spiral slot part is carved from the front end of above-mentioned stirring pin and established.According to said structure, the space can be formed on putting than deep-seated of hardware.
In addition, comparatively it is desirable to, the outstanding ridge that is provided with in the bottom surface of above-mentioned shoulder, above-mentioned ridge forms scroll around above-mentioned stirring pin.According to said structure, can be more neat shape with formed space.
In addition, comparatively it is desirable to, be formed with the notch part that dissects along the radial direction of the bottom surface of above-mentioned shoulder in above-mentioned ridge.According to said structure, through the metal behind the Plastic Flow concentrate on easily stir the pin cardinal extremity around, and metal easily scraped from notch part.By this, can form larger space.
Comparatively it is desirable to, above-mentioned stirring pin forms from front end to cardinal extremity with constant external diameter.According to said structure, can make the constant width in space.
In addition, a kind of space of using forms with throw and in the interstitial space, inside of hardware formation method, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned space forms the stirring pin that has shoulder and hang down from above-mentioned shoulder with throw, carve at the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned stirring pin and to be provided with helicla flute, the external diameter of above-mentioned shoulder is more than 1.4 divided by the resulting value of external diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin front end, 2.2 below, in above-mentioned space formation method, when being formed, above-mentioned space rotates on one side with throw, when relatively moving with respect to above-mentioned hardware on one side, above-mentioned space is formed with throw towards will upwards scraping to the direction direction rotation on the surface of above-mentioned hardware by above-mentioned helicla flute because of the metal after the friction stirring liquidation.
According to said method, not only the metal behind Plastic Flow suitably can be scraped, and can utilize the bottom surface of shoulder to press the metal that scrapes, therefore, the space is difficult for squeezing flat, and is not easy to produce blemish at hardware.If the external diameter of above-mentioned shoulder less than 1.4, then because the metal that scrapes can't be pushed down by the bottom surface of shoulder, therefore, produces blemish divided by the resulting value of external diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin front end easily.On the other hand, if the external diameter of above-mentioned shoulder divided by the resulting value of external diameter of above-mentioned stirring pin front end greater than 2.2, then owing to be not easy the metal behind Plastic Flow is scraped from shoulder, therefore make the space in the hardware squeeze easily flat.In addition, the suffered load of the Spindle Motor of friction agitating device becomes large.
In addition, comparatively it is desirable to, the distance of the bottom surface of the surface of above-mentioned hardware and above-mentioned shoulder is set as 0～3.0mm.
According to said method, can form the large space of comparison.If the bottom surface of shoulder is pressed into the below of metal component surface, then the metal behind Plastic Flow is more difficult is scraped, and it is flat that the space is squeezed easily.On the other hand, if make distance between the bottom surface of the surface of hardware and shoulder greater than 3.0mm, then because the metal that scrapes can't be pushed down by the bottom surface of shoulder, therefore, on hardware, produce easily blemish.In addition, refer on this " surface " of hardware the to rub surface of the hardware before stirring.
The invention effect
Form with throw and the space method of formationing according to space of the present invention, when forming the space utilizing friction to stir in the inside of hardware, it is crowded flat that the space is not easy, and be not easy to produce blemish at hardware.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the space of expression present embodiment forms the figure with throw, and Fig. 1 (a) represents side view, and Fig. 1 (b) represents upward view.
Fig. 2 is the figure of space formation method of expression present embodiment, and Fig. 2 (a) represents sectional view, and Fig. 2 (b) is presentation graphs 2(a) the I-I longitudinal section.
Fig. 3 (a) is the side view of expression the first variation, and Fig. 3 (b) is the upward view of the shoulder of expression the second variation.
Fig. 4 is the side view of expression the 3rd variation.
Fig. 5 is that the space of using in the test of helicla flute angle forms side view and the upward view of using throw, wherein, and Fig. 5 (a) representational tool NO.S1, Fig. 5 (b) representational tool NO.S2, Fig. 5 (c) representational tool NO.S3.
Fig. 6 is the top view of hardware of the result of the test of expression helicla flute angle test, wherein, and the result of Fig. 6 (a) representational tool NO.S1, the result of Fig. 6 (b) representational tool NO.S2, the result of Fig. 6 (c) representational tool NO.S3.
Fig. 7 (a) is the II-II cutaway view of Fig. 6 (a), and Fig. 7 (b) is the II-II cutaway view of Fig. 6 (b), and Fig. 7 (c) is the II-II cutaway view of Fig. 6 (c).
Fig. 8 is illustrated under the different instruments, the chart of the void area in the test of helicla flute angle and the relation in gap.
Fig. 9 is illustrated under the different translational speeds, the chart of the void area in the test of helicla flute angle and the relation in gap.
Figure 10 is illustrated under the different gaps, the chart of the void area in the test of helicla flute angle and the relation of translational speed.
Figure 11 is that the space of using in the test of shoulder external diameter forms side view and the upward view of using throw, wherein, and Figure 11 (a) representational tool NO.T1, Figure 11 (b) representational tool NO.T2, Figure 11 (c) representational tool NO.T3.
Figure 12 is the top view of hardware of the result of the test of expression shoulder external diameter test, wherein, and the result of Figure 12 (a) representational tool NO.T1, the result of Figure 12 (b) representational tool NO.T2, the result of Figure 12 (c) representational tool NO.T3.
Figure 13 (a) is the III-III cutaway view of Figure 12 (a), and Figure 13 (b) is the III-III cutaway view of Figure 12 (b), and Figure 13 (c) is the III-III cutaway view of Figure 12 (c).
Figure 14 is illustrated under the different instruments, the chart of the void area in the test of shoulder external diameter and the relation in gap.
Figure 15 is illustrated under the different instruments, the chart of the void area in the test of shoulder external diameter and the relation in gap.
Figure 16 is illustrated under the different gaps, the chart of the relation of the void area in the test of shoulder external diameter and the external diameter of shoulder.
Figure 17 is illustrated under the different gaps, the chart of the relation of the void area in the test of shoulder external diameter and the external diameter of shoulder.
Figure 18 is that the space of using in the ridge test forms side view and the upward view of using throw, wherein, and Figure 18 (a) representational tool NO.S3-1, Figure 18 (b) representational tool NO.S3-2, Figure 18 (c) representational tool NO.S3-3.
Figure 19 is the cutaway view of hardware of the result of the test of expression ridge test, wherein, and the result of Figure 19 (a) representational tool NO.S3-1, the result of Figure 19 (b) representational tool NO.S3-2, the result of Figure 19 (c) representational tool NO.S3-3.
Figure 20 is illustrated under the different instruments, the chart of the void area in the ridge test and the relation in gap.
Figure 21 is that the space of use in stirring the test of pin external diameter forms side view and the upward view with throw, wherein, Figure 21 (a) representational tool NO.U1, Figure 21 (b) representational tool NO.U2, Figure 21 (c) representational tool NO.U3, Figure 21 (d) representational tool NO.U4.
Figure 22 is the cutaway view that the result of the test of pin external diameter test is stirred in expression, wherein, the result of Figure 22 (a) representational tool NO.U1, the result of Figure 22 (b) representational tool NO.U2, the result of Figure 22 (c) representational tool NO.U3, the result of Figure 22 (d) representational tool NO.U4.
Figure 23 is illustrated under the different instruments, the chart of the void area in the test of stirring pin external diameter and the relation in gap.
Figure 24 is illustrated under the different instruments, the chart of the void area in the test of stirring pin external diameter and the relation in gap.
Figure 25 is illustrated under the different gaps, stirs the chart of the relation of the external diameter of selling the void area in the external diameter test and stirring pin.
Figure 26 is illustrated in the space of using in the depth of interstices test to form side view and the upward view of using throw, wherein, and Figure 26 (a) representational tool NO.T2, Figure 26 (b) representational tool NO.T2-1, Figure 26 (c) representational tool NO.T2-2.
Figure 27 is the cutaway view of the result of the test of expression depth of interstices test, wherein, and the result of Figure 27 (a) and Figure 27 (b) representational tool NO.T2, the result of Figure 27 (c) and Figure 27 (d) representational tool NO.T2-1.
Figure 28 is the cutaway view of the result of the test of expression depth of interstices test, wherein, and the result of Figure 28 (a) and Figure 28 (b) representational tool NO.T2-2.
Figure 29 is illustrated under the different gaps, the chart of the relation of the depth of interstices in the depth of interstices test and the height of smooth face.
Figure 30 is illustrated under the different gaps, the chart of the relation of the depth of interstices in the depth of interstices test and the height of smooth face.
Figure 31 is illustrated under the height of different spiral slot parts, the chart of the void area in the depth of interstices test and the relation in gap.
Figure 32 is illustrated under the height of different spiral slot parts, the chart of the void area in the depth of interstices test and the relation in gap.
Figure 33 is expression each instrument among the embodiment and the table of the situation in formed space.
Figure 34 is expression each instrument among the embodiment and the table of the situation in formed space.
The specific embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.As shown in Figure 1, the space of present embodiment forms with throw 1 and has shoulder 2 and stir pin 3.The space forms with throw 1 such as being formed by tool steel etc.It is by mobile on one side when rotating in hardware on one side that the space forms with throw 1, and at the inner instrument that forms tunnel-shaped space of hardware.By the fluids such as gas or liquid are flowed in the tunnel-like space that is formed by above-mentioned instrument, for example can be with hardware as coldplate.
Shoulder 2 is cylindric, and is connected with the friction agitating device of icon not.2a is formed with ridge 2b in the bottom surface of shoulder 2.Ridge 2b such as Fig. 1 (b) be shown in stir pin 3 around form helical form.Though the cross sectional shape of ridge 2b is not particularly limited, be rectangle in the present embodiment.Though the winding number of ridge 2b is not particularly limited, reeled in the present embodiment an about circle more than half.Owing to be provided with ridge 2b, therefore, when friction the is stirred metal (base material) behind Plastic Flow is flowed around stirring easily the base end side of pin 3.
There is no particular restriction for the starting position of ridge 2b (from the cardinal extremity that stirs pin 3 to the distance P 1 between the starting position of ridge 2b) and the helix pitch (distance P 2 between ridge 2b) of ridge 2b, as long as suitable setting just can.In addition, also ridge 2b can be set.
It is concentric with shoulder 2 to stir pin 3, and hangs down to the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2.In addition, in the present embodiment, stir pin 3 and be taper.There is no particular restriction for the length of stirring pin 3, as long as suitably set.
In the present embodiment, the external diameter X1 of shoulder 2 and the external diameter Y2 of stirring pin 3 front ends are set as X1/Y2=1.4～2.2.Like this, when the inside that utilizes friction to be stirred in hardware formed the space, the space was difficult for squeezing flat, and hardware is difficult for producing blemish.In addition, can alleviate the suffered load of friction agitating device.The reasons are as follows described.
On the outer peripheral face that stirs pin 3, be formed with helicla flute 3a from stirring pin 3 front ends to cardinal extremity.In the present embodiment, helicla flute 3a utilizes spheric end milling cutter (ball end mill) to carry out groove to process to form.There is no particular restriction for the cross sectional shape of helicla flute 3a, but be semicircle in the present embodiment.In the present embodiment, helicla flute 3a be the top toward the below (Japanese: the right り of returning) form (right-hand thread) toward the clockwise direction when advancing.
Comparatively it is desirable to, helicla flute 3a with respect to datum level angulation (lead angle) α take the direction of principal axis that stirs pin 3 as normal, suitably is set between 20～40 degree.If the angle [alpha] of helicla flute 3a is less than 20 degree, then angle is excessively shallow, is difficult for the metal behind Plastic Flow is scraped from shoulder 2.On the other hand, if the angle [alpha] of helicla flute 3a greater than 40 degree, then because the length of helicla flute 3a shortens with respect to stirring pin 3, therefore, is difficult for the metal behind Plastic Flow is scraped from shoulder 2.Thereby in either case, the space all might be squeezed flat.
Though the axial winding number for helicla flute 3a is not particularly limited, and comparatively it is desirable to, reel at least more than the circle.More than the circle, then can form very large space if reel.If the winding number of helicla flute 3a is less than a circle, then because helicla flute 3a occurs departing from respect to the position of stirring pin 3, therefore, there is the possibility on the either party sidewall of the metal residual behind the Plastic Flow in formed space.
In addition, in the present embodiment, though helicla flute 3a consists of as mentioned above, form (left-hand thread) towards counter clockwise direction in the time of also can advancing from the top toward the below.
Then, the space formation method of present embodiment described.As shown in Figure 2, in the present embodiment, example illustrates the situation that flat hardware Z is processed.There is no particular restriction for the material of hardware Z, as long as choose from aluminium, aluminium alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy etc. can rub the metal that stirs.
The rotation space forms with throw 1 above hardware Z, with stirring pin 3 and be pressed into the surperficial Za of hardware Z, under the state that keeps level altitude, the space is formed relatively move with respect to hardware Z with throw 1.The space forms the rotary speed of using throw 1, and there is no particular restriction, for example is set between 700～1300rpm.In addition, space formation is set in for example between 200～400mm/min with the translational speed of throw 1.Both can make the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 and the surperficial Za of hardware Z in butt, occur moving, it is moved across the gap.Gap (distance) K of the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 and the surperficial Za of hardware Z is as long as suitably be set as for example between 0～3.0mm.
Shown in Fig. 2 (a), in the present embodiment, because advance and form along clockwise direction helicla flute 3a in past below from the top, therefore, in space formation method, from the top observation space is formed with throw 1 and rotate toward the clockwise direction.That is to say, the space is formed with throw 1 towards by helicla flute 3a the metal behind Plastic Flow upwards being scraped to the direction of the surperficial Za of hardware Z, move while rotate.
In addition, with helicla flute 3a from above toward below in the situation about forming in the counterclockwise direction, make the space form with throw 1 towards the metal behind Plastic Flow is scraped to the direction of the surperficial Za of hardware Z, namely counter clockwise direction is rotated.
In space formation method, utilize the space to form the stirring that rubs with 1 couple of hardware Z of throw, and
Figure BDA00002691654000091
By Helicla flute 3a produces the Plastic Flow towards the top.By this, the metal after the liquidation is guided by helicla flute 3a, and is scraped the surperficial Za side to hardware Z.The metal that is scraped contacts with bottom surface 2a on one side, under space formation effect with the extruding force of throw 1 be pressed on one side.The space forms with the left vestige of throw 1 process, forms as the tunnel-shaped space M that forms because scraping metal, and form plastification zone Z2 above the M of space.
Herein, shown in Fig. 2 (b), the hardware Z after friction is stirred is made of the plastification zone Z2 on body Z1, the space M that forms in body Z1 inside and covering M top, space.The regional Z2 of plastification is after utilizing the friction stirring to make the plastic deformation liquidation, hardens and the position of formation.In the present embodiment, plastification zone Z2 is the inversed taper platform shape from cross-section, forms in the mode that covers space M top.Plastification zone Z2 presses by the metal that stirs after pin 3 frictions are stirred by the bottom surface 2a that utilizes shoulder 2 to form.Metal in the metal after friction is stirred, that overflow from the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 becomes burr V and exposes on surperficial Za.Burr V preferably removes by modes such as cuttings.
In the present embodiment, space M forms the cross section in the form of a substantially rectangular.In the present embodiment, space M is confined space, and the boundary portion office at Z2 inside, plastification zone, body Z1 and the regional Z2 of plastification does not have to form the blemish that is communicated with space M.In addition, will be set as " depth of interstices D " from space M upper end to the distance between surperficial Za.
It is different to form the shape of using throw 1 according to the space, and metal might can't suitably be scraped, and it is flat that space M is squeezed.On the other hand, metal also might excessively be scraped, and makes the Z2 attenuation of plastification zone, and forms the blemish that is communicated with space M in the boundary portion office of Z2 inside, plastification zone, body Z1 and the regional Z2 of plastification.
But, form with throw 1 by the space, owing to metal suitably can be scraped, and can utilize the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 to press the metal that is scraped, therefore, space M is difficult for squeezing flat, and is difficult for producing blemish at hardware Z.In addition, can alleviate the suffered load of friction agitating device.External diameter X1 and the ratio of the external diameter Y2 that stirs pin 2 front ends and the conditions such as numerical value of spiral fluted angle [alpha] for shoulder 2 will be narrated in an embodiment.
In addition, because the stirring pin 3 of present embodiment is conical in shape, therefore, can reduce the resistance of pressing in when being pressed into hardware Z.
The＜the first variation＞
Then, the present invention's the first variation is described.In the space of the first variation forms with throw 1A, stir pin 3 have smooth facial 11 and the point of spiral slot part 12 on different from the embodiment described above.
Shown in Fig. 3 (a), on the outer peripheral face of the stirring pin 3 of the first variation, have do not form groove smooth facial 11 and be formed with the spiral slot part 12 of helicla flute 3a.Smooth facial 11 outer peripheral face is flat condition, is formed on from stirring to sell 3 cardinal extremity until stir the position of the substantial middle of pin 3.
On the other hand, at the outer peripheral face of spiral slot part 12, from front end until the position of substantial middle (until smooth facial 11) is formed with helicla flute 3a.Helicla flute 3a reels more than the week ideally at least.The height H 1 of spiral slot part 12 needs only basis and suitably sets with respect to the degree of depth of the gap M of the predetermined formation of hardware Z, for example, comparatively it is desirable to, height H 1 be with respect to smooth facial 11 the height of 30～70%(of the length that stirs pin 3 for respect to the length that stirs pin 3 70%～30%) length.
Form with in the throw 1 in space shown in Figure 1, owing in the position from the front end that stirs pin 3 to cardinal extremity, be formed with helicla flute 3a, the metal ratio is easier to be scraped, depth of interstices D smaller (shallow).
But, form according to the space of the first variation and use throw 1A, metal is scraped out by spiral slot part 12 form space M, but be not easy to be scraped to the outside from shoulder 2 quilts at smooth facial 11 metals that stirred by friction.Thereby, because the thickness of plastification zone Z2 becomes large, therefore, can make depth of interstices D increase (intensification).By this, not only can form larger space M in the darker position of hardware Z, and in the more difficult formation blemish of boundary member of inside, body Z1 and the plastification zone Z2 of plastification zone Z2.
The＜the second variation＞
Then, the second variation of the present invention is described.Shown in Fig. 3 (b), in the space of the second variation forms with throw 1B, be different from the embodiment described above on this aspect that forms discontinuously at the ridge 2b of the bottom surface 2a that is formed at shoulder 2.
The ridge 2b of the second variation comprises a plurality of notch part 2c that ridge 2 is cut apart.Owing to comprise notch part 2c, the metal behind Plastic Flow just flows through notch part 2c, and the metal behind Plastic Flow is flowed along the radial direction of the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 easily.By this, metal concentrates on around the cardinal extremity that stirs pin 3 easily, and easily the metal behind Plastic Flow is scraped from notch part 2c.By this, can form larger space M.In addition, the number of notch part 2c and size are as long as suitably set.
The＜the three variation＞
Then, the 3rd variation of the present invention is described.As shown in Figure 4, the space of the 3rd variation forms with among the throw 1C, is different from the embodiment described above on constant this aspect at the external diameter that stirs pin 3.
The external diameter Y1 that space formation is sold 3 cardinal extremities with the stirring of throw 1C is identical with the external diameter Y2 of front end.Like this, also can be made as the external diameter that stirs pin 3 constant.By this, the space M that forms can be formed constant width in space formation method.
More than, embodiments of the present invention and variation are illustrated, but can appropriate change design in the scope of not violating the object of the invention.
Embodiment
＜test summary＞
Then, embodiments of the invention are described.In an embodiment, make to consist of the space and form the variations such as shape with each key element of throw, size, ratio and carry out space formation method, and observe formed space.In addition, for convenience of explanation, below the space formed only be called " instrument " with throw.
In an embodiment, roughly being divided into 5 kinds of tests carries out." test of helicla flute angle " carrying out the impact of the spiral fluted angle (lead angle) of instrument is studied, " test of shoulder external diameter " that the impact of shoulder external diameter is studied, " ridge test " that the impact of the ridge of shoulder bottom surface is studied, " stirring the test of pin external diameter " that the impact of the external diameter that stirs pin is studied, " depth of interstices test " that the depth of interstices in formed plastification zone is studied.
In the depth of interstices test, use the A1050 alloy sheets, in other test, use the A1100 alloy sheets.Be formed at the spiral fluted cross sectional shape semicircular in shape that stirs pin, its radius is 1.5mm.The starting position of ridge (distance P 1 of Fig. 1 (b)) is 3.0mm, and helix pitch (distance P 2 of Fig. 1 (b)) is 2.5mm.
In space formation method, the instrument that is rotating is pressed into above-mentioned alloy sheets, and mobile predetermined distance.The rotating speed of instrument is essentially 800RPM, and in depth of interstices test, the stirring that also can 1275RPM rubs comes the impact of instrument rotating speed is studied.
Instrument moves with the translational speed of 100mm/min or 300mm/min.In addition, in the test of helicla flute angle, translational speed is changed between 50～300mm/min, come studying with the impact of translational speed.
Then, in each test, will be from the gap between surface to the bottom surface of shoulder of hardware (Fig. 2 (a) apart from K) be changed to 0mm, 1.0mm, 2.0mm, 3.0mm, in the stirring that rubs of single metal member, come the space that forms is respectively compared.In each piece alloy sheets (test body), with the central portion cut-out of alloy sheets, after grinding, etching, observe formed void shape.In addition, use image device that the sectional area in formed space is measured.
The test of＜helicla flute angle＞
In helicla flute angle test, the impact of the angle of the helicla flute 3a that stirs pin 3 is studied.As shown in Figure 5, in this test, use three kinds of instrument NO.S1～S3.In instrument NO.S1, will be set as with the horizontal plane angulation of helicla flute 3a 40 degree, in instrument NO.S2, be 30 degree with this angle initialization, in instrument NO.S3, be 20 degree with this angle initialization.In addition, in instrument NO.S1, helicla flute is about 0.8 circle with respect to the axial winding number that stirs pin 3, and in instrument NO.S2, this winding number is about 1.3 circles, and in instrument NO.S3, this winding number is about 2.3 circles.
Structure except the angle of helicla flute 3a is all identical in three kinds of instruments, and the external diameter of shoulder 2 is set as 22mm, and the external diameter that stirs pin 3 cardinal extremities is set as 10mm, and the external diameter of front end is set as 7mm, and the length setting that stirs pin 3 is 11mm.In addition, in each instrument, all be provided with Vorticose ridge 2b at the bottom surface of shoulder 2 2a.The height of ridge 2b is 1mm.
Fig. 6 is the top view of hardware of the result of the test of expression helicla flute angle test, wherein, and the result of Fig. 6 (a) representational tool NO.S1, the result of Fig. 6 (b) representational tool NO.S2, the result of Fig. 6 (c) representational tool NO.S3.Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b), Fig. 6 (c) are all at hardware Z(body Z1) surperficial Za be formed with four plastifications zone Z2.Plastification zone Z2 is representing successively from the surperficial Za of hardware Z to be the result of situation of situation, the 3.0mm of situation, the 2.0mm of situation, the 1.0mm of 0mm to the gap between the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 on the figure.
Fig. 7 (a) is the II-II cutaway view of Fig. 6 (a), and Fig. 7 (b) is the II-II cutaway view of Fig. 6 (b), and Fig. 7 (c) is the II-II cutaway view of Fig. 6 (c).
Shown in Fig. 6 (a)～Fig. 6 (c), be under the condition of 0mm, 1.0mm in the gap, whole of the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 with Plastic Flow after Metal Contact, and can produce larger burr V.Be under the condition of 2.0mm in the gap, although whole of the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 with Plastic Flow after Metal Contact, burr V is fewer.Be under the condition of 3.0mm in the gap, the external diameter X1(of the Width shoulder 2 of the plastification zone Z2 that forms behind the Plastic Flow is with reference to Fig. 1 (a)) little.
At this, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7, the rotary speed of instrument is added that a side of the translational speed of instrument is set as " advance side (Advancing side) " (below be also referred to as " Ad side "), and the side that the rotary speed of instrument is deducted the translational speed of instrument is set as " retreating side (Retreating side) " (below be also referred to as " Re side ").In the present embodiment, Yi Bian owing to make instrument towards right rotation, Yi Bian its left side from Fig. 6 is moved to the right, therefore, the direct of travel left side is the Ad side, the right side is the Re side.
Shown in Fig. 7 (a), the space M of instrument NO.S1 is vertically elongated rectangular shape.Plastification zone Z2 covers the top of space M, and its some remains on the sidewall of Re side of space M.
On the other hand, among instrument NO.S2 and the instrument NO.S3, be under 1.0～3.0 the condition, to form the roughly the same space M of shape in the gap, do not remain in through the metal behind the Plastic Flow on the sidewall of space M, but be expelled to the outside.
In instrument NO.S1～S3, along with the gap becomes large, the height and position of space M moves to the top of hardware Z, and the height of space M also uprises as can be known.In addition, as can be known along with the gap among instrument NO.S1～S3 becomes large, the sectional area of plastification zone Z2 diminishes, and diminishes from the upper end of space M to the depth of interstices D between the surperficial Za of hardware Z.
In addition, in instrument NO.S2 and instrument NO.S3, the width of formed space M is roughly the same with the external diameter that stirs pin 2 front ends, but in instrument NO.S1, the external diameter that the Width in formed space stirs pin 2 front ends is little.Shown in Fig. 7 (a), the part of plastification zone Z2 can remain in the sidewall of the Re side of space M.Can imagine that this is that angle and winding number because of the helicla flute 3a of NO.S1 instrument causes.
Because in instrument NO.S1, the angle of helicla flute 3a reaches 40 degree deeply, therefore, helicla flute is shorter with respect to the length that stirs pin 3.Thereby, can imagine that the metal behind Plastic Flow is difficult to be discharged from.In addition, in instrument NO.1, the winding number of helicla flute 3a is less than a circle, and therefore, helicla flute 3a deviation can occur with respect to the position of stirring pin 3.Thereby, can imagine on the metal after the plastification can remain in the sidewall of formed space M (to be the Re side at this).
Fig. 8 is illustrated under the different instruments, the chart of the void area in the test of helicla flute angle and the relation in gap.As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the void area of the space M that tool using NO.S2 and instrument NO.S3 form is roughly the same, but the void area that tool using NO.S1 obtains is less than the void area of instrument NO.S2 and instrument NO.S3.
In addition, as shown in Figure 8, along with the increase in instrument NO.S1～S3 intermediate gap, void area (sectional area of space M) also increases.In brief, instrument is removed from hardware Z, if the metal behind Plastic Flow easily can be scraped, then can be increased as can be known the void area of space M.The increase ratio of the void area of instrument NO.S1～S3 (slope in the chart) all is about 7mm 2/ mm, roughly the same with the external diameter that stirs pin 3 front ends.
Fig. 9 is illustrated under the different translational speeds, the chart of the void area in the test of helicla flute angle and the relation in gap.Because instrument NO.S1～S3 is roughly the same result, therefore, in Fig. 9, only the result of representational tool NO.S2 is used as typical example.
Figure 10 is illustrated under the different gap, the chart of the void area in the test of helicla flute angle and the relation of translational speed.In Figure 10, the void area that expression tool using NO.S3 obtains and the relation of translational speed.
Can know from Fig. 9 and Figure 10 and to know that void area can be affected because of the variation of translational speed hardly.
The test of＜shoulder external diameter＞
In shoulder external diameter test, the impact of the external diameter of shoulder 2 is studied.As shown in figure 11, in this test, use three kinds of instrument NO.T1～T3.In instrument NO.T1, the external diameter of shoulder 2 is set as 20mm, in instrument NO.T2, the external diameter of shoulder 2 is set as 18mm, in instrument NO.T3, the external diameter of shoulder 2 is set as 16mm.Structure except the external diameter of shoulder 2 is all identical in three kinds of instruments, and the external diameter that stirs pin 3 cardinal extremities is set as 10mm, and the external diameter of front end is set as 7mm, and the length setting that stirs pin 3 is 11mm.In addition, each instrument all is provided with Vorticose ridge 2b at the bottom surface of shoulder 2 2a.The height of ridge 2b is 1mm.
Figure 12 is the top view of hardware of the result of the test of expression shoulder external diameter test, the result of Figure 12 (a) representational tool NO.T1, the result of Figure 12 (b) representational tool NO.T2, the result of Figure 12 (c) representational tool NO.T3.In addition, Figure 13 (a) is the III-III cutaway view of Figure 12 (a), and Figure 13 (b) is the III-III cutaway view of Figure 12 (b), and Figure 13 (c) is the III-III cutaway view of Figure 12 (c).In addition, shown in Fig. 5 (c), in above-mentioned instrument NO.S3, the external diameter of shoulder 2 is 22mm, and other structure is identical with instrument NO.T1～T3, therefore, and the figure of contrast and research Fig. 6 (c), Fig. 7 (c).
By dwindling the external diameter of shoulder 2, even if the gap is 2.0mm as can be known, the metal behind Plastic Flow also can contact with the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2, and discharges a large amount of burr V from the Re side.When being 3.0mm in the gap, though discharge burr V in the Re side, when tool using NO.T1, instrument NO.T3, the metal of plastification zone Z2 is not enough, and forms the blemish E that is communicated with space M.
On the other hand, the external diameter along with shoulder 2 diminishes the height increase of space M.By dwindling the external diameter of shoulder 2, the metal of being pressed by the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 can reduce.Therefore, can imagine that the metal behind Plastic Flow is scraped easily, and increase relevant with the height of space M.
Figure 14 and Figure 15 are illustrated under the different instruments, the chart of the void area in the test of shoulder external diameter and the relation in gap, result when the result when Figure 14 represents that translational speed is set as 100mm/min, Figure 15 represent that translational speed is set as 300mm/min.
Such as Figure 14 and shown in Figure 15, in all instruments, along with the gap becomes large, void area increases.In brief, instrument is removed from hardware Z, if the metal behind Plastic Flow easily can be scraped, then can be increased as can be known the void area of space M.The increase ratio of the void area of instrument NO.S3, instrument NO.T1～T3 (slope of increase) is about 7mm 2/ mm is identical with the external diameter that stirs pin 3 front ends.
Figure 16 and Figure 17 are illustrated under the different gaps, the chart of the relation of the void area in the test of shoulder external diameter and the external diameter of shoulder, result when the result when Figure 16 represents that translational speed is set as 100mm/min, Figure 17 represent that translational speed is set as 300mm/min.
Such as Figure 16 and shown in Figure 17, be under the condition of 2.0mm in the gap, the void area that obtains when the external diameter of shoulder 2 is 22mm is roughly the same with the void area that obtains when the external diameter of shoulder 2 is 20mm.The external diameter of shoulder 2 is in the scope of 20mm to 16mm, and along with the external diameter minimizing of shoulder 2, void area can increase.The increase ratio of void area (slope of increase) is about 5mm 2/ mm.
As shown in figure 16, be that 100mm/min and gap are under the condition of 3.0mm in translational speed, the external diameter of shoulder 2 is in the scope of 22mm to 16mm, and along with the external diameter of shoulder 2 diminishes, void area linearly increases.Can imagine that this is because the external diameter along with shoulder 2 diminishes, can reduce from the pressurization of shoulder 2, and the metal of discharging is increased.
On the other hand, as shown in figure 17, be under the condition of 300mm/min in translational speed, and be under the condition of 3.0mm in the gap, owing to when the external diameter of shoulder 2 is 16mm, 18mm, can produce blemish in the plastification zone, therefore, void area is reduced.
The test of＜ridge＞
In ridge test, the impact of the ridge 2b of the bottom surface 2a that is formed at shoulder 2 is studied.As shown in figure 18, in this test, use three kinds of spaces to form with throw NO.S3-1～S3-3.In instrument NO.S3-1, the width of the notch part 2c of ridge 2b is set as 2mm, in instrument NO.S3-2, this width is set as 6mm.In instrument NO.S3-3, ridge is not set.Structure except ridge 2b is all identical in three kinds of instruments, and the external diameter of shoulder 2 is set as 22mm, and the external diameter that stirs pin 3 cardinal extremities is set as 10mm, and the external diameter of front end is set as 7mm, and the length setting that stirs pin is 11mm.
Figure 19 is the cutaway view of hardware of the result of the test of expression ridge test, wherein, the result of Figure 19 (a) representational tool NO.S3-1, Figure 19 (b) is the result of representational tool NO.S3-2, the result of Figure 19 (c) representational tool NO.S3-3.Figure 20 is illustrated under the different instruments, the chart of the void area in the ridge test and the relation in gap.In addition, shown in Fig. 5 (c), above-mentioned space forms and comprises the ridge 2b that does not have notch part 2c with throw NO.S3, because other structure is identical with instrument NO.S3-1～S3-3, therefore, can contrast and study the figure of Fig. 6 (c), Fig. 7 (c).
Such as Fig. 7 (c), Figure 19 (a) and shown in Figure 20, each void area of instrument NO.3, instrument NO.3-1 and instrument NO.3-3 about equally.If the result of instrument NO.3 and the result of instrument NO.3-3 are compared, have or not as can be known ridge 2b on the not impact of result of void area.But if Fig. 7 (c) and Figure 19 (c) are compared, the space M shape of instrument NO.3 that has as can be known ridge 2b is more neat.Can imagine that this is to make the metal behind Plastic Flow concentrate on easily the base end side cause on every side that stirs pin 3 because having ridge 2b.
If as instrument NO.3-2, the length of notch part 2c is that 6mm and this length are long, and then void area also can become large.If can imagine this is because the length of notch part 2c increases, then the metal behind Plastic Flow flows along the radial direction of the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 easily, and above-mentioned metal is scraped easily.
＜stir the pin external diameter to test＞
In stirring the test of pin external diameter, use the shoulder 2 of same outer diameter as, and the external diameter from the cardinal extremity that stirs pin 3 to front end is set as constant, and each external diameter that stirs pin 3 is changed, come the impact of the external diameter that stirs pin 3 is studied.As shown in figure 21, in this test, use four kinds of spaces to form with throw NO.U1～U4.In instrument NO.U1, the external diameter that stirs pin 3 is set as 10mm, in instrument NO.U2, the external diameter that stirs pin 3 is set as 12mm, in instrument NO.U3, the external diameter that stirs pin 3 is set as 14mm, in instrument NO.U4, the external diameter that stirs pin 3 is set as 16mm.Structure except the external diameter that stirs pin 3 is all identical in four kinds of instruments, and the external diameter of shoulder 2 is set as 22mm, and the length setting that stirs pin 3 is 11mm.In addition, each instrument all is provided with Vorticose ridge 2b at the bottom surface of shoulder 2 2a.That ridge 2b highly is 1mm.
Shown in Figure 22 (d), be under the condition of 3.0mm in the gap of instrument NO.U4 as can be known, can produce blemish E.Such as Figure 22 and shown in Figure 23, in instrument NO.U1～U4, along with the gap increases, it is large that void area also can become as can be known.The increase ratio of the void area of instrument NO.U1～U3 (slope of chart) is the value close with the external diameter of the stirring pin 3 of instrument separately.
That is to say that the increase ratio of the void area of instrument NO.U1 (slope of chart) is 10mm in Figure 23 2/ mm is 10.7mm in Figure 24 2/ mm, the increase ratio of the void area of instrument NO.U2 is 12.6mm in Figure 23 2/ mm is 12.5mm in Figure 24 2/ mm, the increase ratio of the void area of instrument NO.U3 is 13.7mm in Figure 23 2/ mm is 14.4mm in Figure 24 2/ mm.All increase 1mm if can imagine the gap with each instrument, measure accordingly because space M can increase with the external diameter that stirs pin 3, thereby formed void area also increases with the external diameter that stirs pin 3 and measures accordingly.
In addition, such as Figure 23 and shown in Figure 24, the difference of translational speed is on not impact of void area as can be known.In addition, as shown in figure 25, along with the external diameter that stirs pin 3 becomes large, void area also increases as can be known, but its increase trend is quadratic function.
The test of＜depth of interstices＞
In depth of interstices test, shown in Fig. 3 (a), use to have smooth facial 11 the space that does not form helicla flute 3a and form and use throw, come the depth location of formed space M is studied.As shown in figure 26, in this test, use three kinds of spaces to form and use throw.Instrument NO.T2 is comparative example, and is identical with the instrument shown in Figure 11 (b).
Shown in Figure 27 (a), the height of the spiral slot part 12 of instrument NO.T2 is identical with the length that stirs pin 3, is 11.0mm.Shown in Figure 27 (c), smooth facial 11 the height of instrument NO.T2-1 is 3.5mm, and the height of spiral slot part 12 is 7.5mm.Shown in Figure 28 (a), smooth facial 11 the height of instrument NO.T2-2 is 6.0mm, and the height of spiral slot part 12 is 5.0mm.
Structure except the height of spiral slot part 12 is all identical in three kinds of instruments, and the external diameter of shoulder 2 is 18mm, and the external diameter that stirs pin 3 cardinal extremities is 10mm, and the external diameter of front end is 7mm.Each instrument all is provided with Vorticose ridge 2b at the bottom surface of shoulder 2 2a.The height of ridge 2b is 1mm.In addition, in depth of interstices test, the gap from the surperficial Za of hardware Z to the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2 is three kinds of 0mm, 1.0mm, 2.0mm.In addition, in each instrument, under 800RPM and these two kinds of rotating speeds of 1275RPM, test.
Figure 27 is the cutaway view of the result of the test of expression depth of interstices test, wherein, and the result of Figure 27 (a) and Figure 27 (b) representational tool NO.T2, the result of Figure 27 (c) and Figure 27 (d) representational tool NO.T2-1.Figure 28 is the cutaway view of the result of the test of expression depth of interstices test, wherein, and the result of Figure 28 (a) and Figure 28 (b) representational tool NO.T2-2.Figure 29 is illustrated under the different gaps, the chart of the relation of the depth of interstices in the depth of interstices test and the height of smooth face.Figure 30 is illustrated under the different gaps, the chart of the relation of the depth of interstices in the depth of interstices test and the height of smooth face.The rotating speed of the instrument of Figure 29 and Figure 30 is different, and the rotating speed in the test of Figure 29 is 800RPM, and the rotating speed in the test of Figure 30 is 1275RPM.
Such as Figure 29 and shown in Figure 30, smooth facial 11 height (height of the length of stirring pin 3-spiral slot part 12) is larger as can be known, and depth of interstices D is also darker.In addition, the gap is less as can be known, and depth of interstices D is also darker.If Figure 29 and Figure 30 are compared, the rotating speed of instrument is higher as can be known, and it is darker that depth of interstices D just becomes.
Figure 31 is illustrated under the height of different spiral slot parts, the chart of the void area in the depth of interstices test and the relation in gap.Figure 32 is illustrated under the height of different spiral slot parts, the chart of the void area in the depth of interstices test and the relation in gap.Figure 31 is different from the rotating speed of the instrument of Figure 32, and the rotating speed in the test of Figure 31 is 800RPM, and the rotating speed in the test of Figure 32 is 1275RPM.
Such as Figure 31, Figure 32 and Figure 27, shown in Figure 28, the height of spiral slot part 11 is higher as can be known, and then void area becomes larger.If Figure 31 and Figure 32 are compared, the rotating speed of instrument does not almost affect the increase and decrease of void area as can be known.
In sum, according to gas test, if increase as can be known smooth facial 11 height, just space M can be formed on very dark position.On the other hand, if smooth facial 11 excessive height as can be known, then the void area of space M can diminish.
The external diameter of＜shoulder/the external diameter of stirring pin front end and the contrast of result of the test＞
Figure 33 and Figure 34 are the tables of the situation in expression each instrument of embodiment and formed space." zero " expression space M's in " situation " clauses and subclauses is in good condition, and " * " expression produces the state of blemish E.
Such as Figure 33 and shown in Figure 34, be in 1.4～2.2 the situation, can not produce blemish E divided by the resulting value of external diameter that stirs the pin front end at the external diameter of shoulder, the state of space M is mostly good.If above-mentioned value less than 1.4, because the metal that scrapes can't be pushed down by the bottom surface 2a of shoulder 2, therefore, produces blemish E easily.On the other hand, if above-mentioned value greater than 2.2, then scrapes the metal behind Plastic Flow because being not easy from shoulder 2, therefore, the space is squeezed flat easily.In addition, if above-mentioned value greater than 2.2, then the suffered load of Spindle Motor because of the friction agitating device becomes large, thereby not satisfactory.
(symbol description)
1 space forms uses throw
2 shoulders
The 2a bottom surface
The 2b ridge
The 2c notch part
3 stir pin
The 3a helicla flute
The D depth of interstices
The K gap
The M space
The V burr
The Z hardware
The Z1 body
Z2 plastification zone
The Za surface

Claims (9)

1. a space forms and uses throw, uses when formation space, the inside of hardware utilizing friction to stir, it is characterized in that,
The stirring pin that has shoulder and hang down from described shoulder,
Carve at the outer peripheral face of described stirring pin and to be provided with helicla flute,
The external diameter of described shoulder is more than 1.4, below 2.2 divided by the value of the external diameter of described stirring pin front end.
2. space as claimed in claim 1 forms and use throw, it is characterized in that, described helicla flute with respect to the datum level angulation take the direction of principal axis of described stirring pin as normal as more than 20 degree, 40 spend below.
3. space as claimed in claim 1 forms and uses throw, it is characterized in that, described helicla flute is reeled more than the circle at described stirring pin.
4. space as claimed in claim 1 forms and uses throw, it is characterized in that,
Described stirring pin comprises and is formed with described spiral fluted spiral slot part and do not form the smooth face of described spiral fluted,
Described spiral slot part begins to establish from the front end of described stirring pin quarter.
5. space as claimed in claim 1 forms and uses throw, it is characterized in that,
The outstanding ridge that is provided with in the bottom surface of described shoulder,
Described ridge forms vortex shape around described stirring pin.
6. space as claimed in claim 5 forms and uses throw, it is characterized in that,
Be formed with the notch part that dissects along the radial direction of the bottom surface of described shoulder in described ridge.
7. space as claimed in claim 1 forms and uses throw, it is characterized in that, described stirring pin forms from front end to cardinal extremity with constant external diameter.
8. a space formation method forms with throw to form the space in the inside of hardware with the space, it is characterized in that,
Described space forms the stirring pin that has shoulder and hang down from described shoulder with throw,
Carve at the outer peripheral face of described stirring pin and to be provided with helicla flute,
The external diameter of described shoulder is more than 1.4, below 2.2 divided by the resulting value of external diameter of described stirring pin front end,
In described space formation method,
When described space is formed with throw while rotating, when relatively moving with respect to described hardware, described space being formed with throw towards will upwards scraping to the direction rotation on the surface of described hardware by described helicla flute because of the metal after the friction stirring liquidation.
9. space as claimed in claim 8 formation method is characterized in that, the distance of the bottom surface of the surface of described hardware and described shoulder is set as 0～3.0mm.
CN201180032907.0A 2010-07-12 2011-06-29 Rotating tool for forming voids and void-formation method Active CN102971108B (en)

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JP5644217B2 (en) 2014-12-24
TW201217090A (en) 2012-05-01

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