Measure portable icing visualizer and the method thereof of built on stilts electric power line ice-covering thickness
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrical engineering field, specifically the observation of coated by ice of overhead power transmission line thickness.
Background technology
From in January, 2008 so far in the past few years, the some areas, ground such as China Central China, East China, southwest repeatedly occurred the long period, continue, high strength large-scale low temperature sleet and snow ice weather, cause the ground such as the domestic Jiangxi of China, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Anhui that the multiple serious icing disasters such as tower, broken string, line oscillation, ice sudden strain of a muscle occur down successively.The generation of these disasters, causes the loss of grid company economic asset up to more than 1,000 hundred million yuans.For serious icing disaster accident, carry out becoming more meticulous to divide and instructing the anti-ice retrofit work of differentiation of transmission line of electricity ice formation, and to carry out ice-melt de-icing work to transmission line of electricity be all effective mean of defense.But the becoming more meticulous of ice formation divides to be needed by for a long time, see in a large number and accurately based on ice data; Equally, effectively carrying out of ice-melt de-icing work also be unable to do without accurately to see the early warning mechanism based on ice data.Therefore, the Obtaining Accurate of powerline ice-covering data, significant for ice damage defense work.At present, the method obtaining powerline ice-covering data has a lot, such as on-line monitoring method for early warning, but its operating experience shows, because the relevant icing on-line monitoring equipment long-term work of on-line monitoring method for early warning is in highfield and complex atmospheric environments, so equipment there will be the poor problem of reliability, simultaneously, icing density often occurs in and prolongs continuous tens kilometers, on the transmission line of electricity of even hundreds of kilometer, on-line monitoring equipment is difficult to accomplish that at full line is monitored, also there is the problem of plant maintenance difficulty simultaneously, in this way still can not meet the requirement of practical application completely.Therefore, present stage is by artificial inspection circuit or indispensable icing Data Collection means.But, manually patrol owing to being naked-eye observation, lack utility appliance, so it is too strong to there is subjectivity, the features such as the icing data accuracy recorded is low.For these reasons, can by developing the icing visualizer being convenient to manually carry, simply and effectively observe icing situation, Timeliness coverage transmission line of electricity Problems existing, avoid or reduce the generation of icing disaster, thus improve the security of transmission line of electricity operation, be another measure guaranteeing safe operation of power system.
The imaging of portable icing visualizer comprehensive utilization telescope, the cross-graduation range finding principle such as ultimate principle and laser ranging technique or method, to reach easy to use, the detection requirement that measurement data degree of accuracy is high, and portable icing visualizer equipment is not fragile, can overcome the various problems run in plant maintenance process.In sum, portable icing visualizer have feasibility data precision that is comparatively strong, that measure high, be convenient to manually to carry and the outstanding feature such as maintenance.
The technology of existing measurement electric power line ice-covering thickness, equipment requirement and the general comparatively complexity of operation steps, the data recorded are generally not accurate enough.Disclosed on 05 9th, 2012, publication number is the patent of " the coated by ice of overhead power transmission line thickness monitor method and system based on laser colouring " of " CN102445156A ", first it utilize professional equipment to accept the monitoring order of coated by ice of overhead power transmission line thickness or the monitoring time of arrival of the built on stilts electric power line ice-covering thickness of setting, again according to order, whether the screening decision through a series of condition is carried out painted, and painted circuit is taken, after obtaining its profile, a series of formula is utilized finally to calculate ice thickness.The major defect of this measurement ice thickness is: the apparatus expensive utilized and complicated, and the service routine of its system and method is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, measures and the final process obtaining ice covering thickness is very tediously long, is unfavorable for that very much staff calculates ice covering thickness in real time, easily.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of measurement mechanism of accurate, portable electric power line ice-covering thickness.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the object of the invention is such, and a kind of portable icing visualizer measuring built on stilts electric power line ice-covering thickness, comprises laser ranging system and optical measuring device.Described optical measuring device comprises observation eyepiece and object lens, is provided with cross-graduation and measures plate between described observation eyepiece and object lens.Described laser ranging system comprises Laser emission/receiving trap.When carrying out measurement operation from observation station, distance between described object lens and tested icing transmission line of electricity equals the distance between described Laser emission/receiving trap and tested icing transmission line of electricity, obtain the distance L between observation station to tested icing transmission line of electricity by described laser ranging system, obtained the mil value M of tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter by described optical measuring device.
Principle of the present invention is: in the process measuring built on stilts electric power line ice-covering thickness, because overhead transmission line has certain ice covering thickness and ice thickness naked eyes are visible, brings convenience to laser ranging.By being with the measurement of laser ranging function to overhead power transmission conducting wire icing point and observation station distance of the imaging device of laser ranging function, obtain a distance value comparatively accurately.The cross-graduation of recycling optical measuring device is measured plate and is read the mil number shared by overhead power transmission conducting wire icing, obtains a comparatively accurate mil value.An overhead power transmission conducting wire ice covering thickness value comparatively accurately just can be obtained finally by mil range measurement principle.
In the present invention, the principle of the laser ranging system adopted is: the laser that stadimeter is launched is received by stadimeter again after the reflection of object being measured, and stadimeter goes out the distance between testee and observation station by the Time Calculation that recording laser comes and goes.Owing to the present invention relates to high-voltage power transmission device, therefore, the measurement range of laser ranging system ensure 200m and more than.Range error should maintain every 500 meters this average level of 0.5 error of meter.Optical measuring device of the present invention can be the telescope measuring plate with cross-graduation.It is emphasized that laser ranging system of the present invention and optical measuring device need coupling so that process measured by the distance L of observation station to described tested icing transmission line of electricity and the mil value M of tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter.Described tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter includes the diameter of the xsect of transmission line of electricity own and the thickness of 2 times of icing.
The method of operating of device of the present invention can be described by following steps:
1) selected observation station, aims at tested icing transmission line of electricity by laser ranging system and optical measuring device;
2) the distance L of observation station to described tested icing transmission line of electricity is obtained by laser ranging system; The mil value M of described tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter is obtained by optical measuring device;
3) according to formula
, calculate described tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter H;
4) according to formula
, calculate the ice covering thickness r of described tested icing transmission line of electricity, diameter when wherein d is tested icing transmission line of electricity non-icing.
Above-mentioned steps 3) and 4) process PDA calculation by program device can be adopted to carry out calculation by program.
After the present invention adopts above technical scheme, mainly there is following effect:
1) the present invention is the powerline ice-covering observation instrument being convenient to manually carry, reasonable in design, and only needs single manual operation just can reach measurement effect in use, easy to use.This instrument safety coefficient is higher, can not propose higher technical requirement to staff.Can not contact with high-tension line in use procedure, without manual override's landform difficulty, more closely or observation station far away effectively can observe the ice covering thickness of circuit.
2) measuring principle feasibility of the present invention is higher, can not produce any negative effect to transmission line of electricity, and the use of instrument or the application of method fully can ensure the safety of transmission line of electricity.
3) principle of the present invention and measurement mechanism can ensure that the data measured are comparatively accurate, while being easy to observation ice covering thickness, and can also accurate surveying ice covering thickness.
4) the present invention does not propose strict requirement to measuring distance scope, and can be suitable in comparatively far away or closer distance, this just can ensure under different operating modes, effectively can observe ice covering thickness.
5) low-carbon environment-friendly of the present invention, environmentally safe, energy consumption is low, to transmission line of electricity without any negative influence, can be widely used in the observation of various coated by ice of overhead power transmission line thickness.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The nonlimiting examples that device of the present invention can be provided by accompanying drawing further illustrates.
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that cross-graduation of the present invention measures plate;
Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic cross-section of tested icing transmission line of electricity involved in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the calculation procedure flow chart of steps of wireless PDA calculation by program device.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention and be only limitted to following embodiment.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, make various replacement and change, all should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Measure a portable icing visualizer for built on stilts electric power line ice-covering thickness, comprise laser ranging system 1 and optical measuring device 7.Described optical measuring device 7 comprises observation eyepiece 3 and object lens 4, is provided with cross-graduation and measures plate 2 between described observation eyepiece 3 and object lens 4.Described laser ranging system 1 comprises Laser emission/receiving trap.When carrying out measurement operation from observation station, distance between described object lens 4 and tested icing transmission line of electricity equals the distance between described Laser emission/receiving trap and tested icing transmission line of electricity, obtain the distance L between observation station to tested icing transmission line of electricity by described laser ranging system 1, obtained the mil value M of tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter by described optical measuring device 7.
In embodiment, the parameter matching of described laser ranging system 1 and optical measuring device 7, namely enlargement factor, aperture of objective lens, distance of exit pupil and exit pupil diameter are equal.
As preferably, described laser range finder 1 enlargement factor is 7 times, exit pupil diameter is 4 ~ 5mm, aperture of objective lens is 28 ~ 35mm, and distance of exit pupil is 10 ~ 18mm.The enlargement factor of described optical measuring device 7 is 7 times, exit pupil diameter is 4 ~ 5mm, aperture of objective lens is 28 ~ 35mm, distance of exit pupil is 10 ~ 18mm.
Because observation station is distant from testee, and the testee power transmission line that to be diameter little, device disclosed in this invention will avoid shake in observation process.Therefore, the spherical pan head tripod 6 of a carrying laser ranging system 1 and optical measuring device 7 is also comprised in embodiment.Described spherical pan head tripod 6 should ensure leg be easy to stretch, and stretching distance can adapt to various different operating mode, should ensure can stretch between high 0.2m ~ 3m.Meanwhile, material selection aluminium alloy is light and corrosion-resistant.The The Cloud Terrace of described spherical pan head tripod 6 will guarantee 360 degree, surface level and rotate freely, vertical plane energy deflection about 45 degree, so just can be applicable to the fixing of most of observed case lower device, and tested icing transmission line of electricity measures aliging of plate 2 with described cross-graduation.
As preferably, embodiment also comprises according to formula
, the distance L gathered and mil value M is calculated the wireless PDA calculation by program device 5 of the diameter H of tested icing transmission line of electricity during observation.Described wireless PDA calculation by program device 5 is also according to formula
, calculate ice covering thickness value r, diameter when wherein d is tested icing transmission line of electricity non-icing.Adopt wireless PDA calculation by program device 5 program calculation, make determination efficiency higher.Described wireless PDA program calculator 5 can with multiple computerese coding, in order to ensure that computerese is when as far as possible succinct, effectively processes data.Wireless PDA program calculator 5 computing velocity is fast, in order to ensure when there being mass data, there will not be multiple unfavorable conditions such as calculating slow or miscount.Described wireless PDA program calculator also has small volume, the advantage be easy to carry about with one, and in the present invention, other devices effectively coordinate.
Embodiment also discloses the method adopting said apparatus to measure built on stilts electric power line ice-covering thickness, comprises the following steps:
1) selected observation station, aims at tested icing transmission line of electricity by laser ranging system 1 and optical measuring device 7;
2) the distance L of observation station to described tested icing transmission line of electricity is obtained by laser ranging system 1; The mil value M of described tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter is obtained by optical measuring device (7);
3) formula
, calculate described tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter;
4) according to formula
, calculate the ice covering thickness r of described tested icing transmission line of electricity, diameter when wherein d is tested icing transmission line of electricity non-icing.
See the schematic diagram of power transmission line xsect being one section of icing in Fig. 3, figure.In figure, inner circle part is the xsect of conventional transmission pressure itself, and its diameter d can be obtained by inquiry each ice formation wire mechanical and physical property table.In the present embodiment, select the diameter of the general section of the transmission pressure of 500KV, 10mm ice formation, d=27.63mm.The observation station of selected safety, adopt the laser range finder 1 that enlargement factor is 7 times, exit pupil diameter is 4.3mm, aperture of objective lens is 30mm, distance of exit pupil is 17.8mm, and the optical measuring device 7(that enlargement factor is 7 times, exit pupil diameter is 4.3mm, aperture of objective lens is 30mm, distance of exit pupil is 17.8mm measures the telescope of plate with cross-graduation as shown in Figure 2) the icing power transmission line in Fig. 4 is measured.Laser range finder 1 shows L=78m, by range estimation, learns M=0.5; Pass through formula
calculate H=39mm, namely obtain the outside diameter (comprising in tested icing transmission line of electricity, the diameter of the xsect of transmission line of electricity own and the thickness of 2 times of icing) in Fig. 3.According to formula
, calculate the ice covering thickness r=5.685mm of described tested icing transmission line of electricity.