Measure portable icing visualizer and the method thereof of built on stilts electric power line ice-covering thickness
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electrical engineering field, specifically the observation of coated by ice of overhead power transmission line thickness.
Background technology
From in January, 2008 so far in the past few years, long period, that continue, the large-scale low temperature sleet and snow ice of high strength weather have repeatedly appearred in the some areas, ground such as China Central China, East China, southwest, cause the ground such as the domestic Jiangxi of China, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Anhui that the multiple serious icing disasters such as tower, broken string, line oscillation, ice sudden strain of a muscle occur down successively.The generation of these disasters has caused the loss of grid company economic asset up to more than 1,000 hundred million yuans.For serious icing disaster accident, carry out becoming more meticulous of transmission line of electricity ice formation and divide and to instruct the anti-ice retrofit work of differentiation, and transmission line of electricity is carried out the ice-melt de-icing work all is effective mean of defense.Yet the becoming more meticulous of ice formation divided need to be take for a long time, see the ice data in a large number and accurately is the basis; Equally, effectively carrying out of ice-melt de-icing work also be unable to do without take accurate sight ice data as basic early warning mechanism.Therefore, the Obtaining Accurate of powerline ice-covering data, significant for the ice damage defense work.At present, the method of obtaining the powerline ice-covering data has a lot, on-line monitoring method for early warning for example, but its operating experience shows, because the relevant icing on-line monitoring equipment long-term work of on-line monitoring method for early warning is in highfield and complex atmospheric environments, so the relatively poor problem of reliability can appear in equipment, simultaneously, the icing accident often occurs in prolongs continuous tens kilometers, even on the transmission line of electricity of hundreds of kilometer, on-line monitoring equipment is difficult to accomplish road monitoring completely, also exists the plant maintenance hard problem simultaneously, so this method still can not satisfy the requirement of practical application fully.Therefore, present stage is by artificial inspection circuit or indispensable icing Data Collection means.But artificial inspection lacks utility appliance owing to be naked-eye observation, so exist subjectivity too strong, and the characteristics such as the icing data accuracy that records is low.For these reasons, can be by developing the icing visualizer of being convenient to manually carry, simply and effectively observe the icing situation, in time find the problem that transmission line of electricity exists, avoid or reduce the generation of icing disaster, thereby improving the transmission line of electricity Operation safety, is another measure of guaranteeing safe operation of power system.
Principle or the methods such as the imaging of portable icing visualizer comprehensive utilization telescope, cross-graduation range finding ultimate principle and laser ranging technique, use to reach convenient, the monitoring requirement that the measurement data degree of accuracy is high, and portable icing visualizer equipment is not fragile, can overcome the various problems that runs in the plant maintenance process.In sum, portable icing visualizer have feasibility data precision strong, that measure high, be convenient to manually carry and the outstanding feature such as maintenance.
The technology of existing measurement electric power line ice-covering thickness, equipment requirement and operation steps are generally comparatively complicated, and the data that record are generally not accurate enough.Such as on 05 9th, 2012 disclosed publication numbers patent that is " based on the coated by ice of overhead power transmission line thickness monitor method and system of laser colouring " of " CN102445156A ", the monitoring time of arrival that it at first utilizes professional equipment to accept the monitoring order of coated by ice of overhead power transmission line thickness or set built on stilts electric power line ice-covering thickness, again according to order, whether the screening through a series of conditions determines to carry out painted, and painted circuit taken, after obtaining its profile, utilize a series of formula finally to calculate ice thickness.The major defect of this measurement ice thickness is: the apparatus expensive of utilizing and complexity, and the service routine of its system and method is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, and the process of measuring and finally obtain ice covering thickness is very tediously long, is unfavorable for that very the staff calculates ice covering thickness in real time, easily.
Summary of the invention
The measurement mechanism that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of accurate, portable electric power line ice-covering thickness.
For realizing that the technical scheme that the object of the invention adopts is such, a kind of portable icing visualizer of measuring built on stilts electric power line ice-covering thickness comprises laser ranging system and optical measuring device.Described optical measuring device comprises observation eyepiece and object lens, cross-graduation is installed between described observation eyepiece and the object lens measures plate.Described laser ranging system comprises Laser emission/receiving trap.When carrying out measurement operation from observation station, distance between described object lens and the tested icing transmission line of electricity equals the distance between described Laser emission/receiving trap and the tested icing transmission line of electricity, obtain observation station to the distance L between the tested icing transmission line of electricity by described laser ranging system, obtain the mil value M of tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter by described optical measuring device.
Principle of the present invention is: in the process of measuring built on stilts electric power line ice-covering thickness, because as seen overhead transmission line has certain ice covering thickness and ice thickness naked eyes, brought convenience to laser ranging.By with the laser ranging function of the imaging device of laser ranging function to the measurement of overhead power transmission conducting wire icing point with the observation station distance, obtain a comparatively accurately distance value.The cross-graduation of recycling optical measuring device is measured plate the shared mil number of overhead power transmission conducting wire icing is read, and obtains a comparatively accurate mil value.Just can obtain a comparatively accurately overhead power transmission conducting wire ice covering thickness value by the mil range measurement principle at last.
Among the present invention, the principle of the laser ranging system that adopts is: the laser that stadimeter is launched is received by stadimeter again after the reflection of object being measured, and the Time Calculation that stadimeter comes and goes by recording laser goes out the distance between testee and the observation station.Owing to the present invention relates to high-voltage power transmission device, therefore, the measurement range of laser ranging system guarantees more than 200m reaches.Range error should maintain per 500 meters this average level of 0.5 error of meter.Optical measuring device of the present invention can be the telescope of measuring plate with cross-graduation.Should be emphasized that laser ranging system of the present invention and optical measuring device need coupling, so that process measured observation station to the distance L of described tested icing transmission line of electricity and the mil value M of tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter.Described tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter has comprised the diameter of the xsect of transmission line of electricity own and the thickness of 2 times of icing.
The method of operating of device of the present invention can be described by following steps:
1) selected observation station is aimed at tested icing transmission line of electricity with laser ranging system and optical measuring device;
2) obtain observation station to the distance L of described tested icing transmission line of electricity by laser ranging system; Obtain the mil value M of described tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter by optical measuring device;
3) according to formula
, calculate described tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter H;
4) according to formula
, calculate the ice covering thickness r of described tested icing transmission line of electricity, wherein d is the not diameter during icing of tested icing transmission line of electricity.
Above-mentioned steps 3) and 4) process can adopt PDA calculation by program device to come calculation by program.
After the present invention adopts above technical scheme, mainly have following effect:
1) the present invention is the powerline ice-covering observation instrument of being convenient to manually carry, and is reasonable in design, and only needs in use single manually-operated just can reach measurement effect, easy to use.This instrument safety coefficient is higher, can not propose higher technical requirement to the staff.Can not contact with high-tension line in the use procedure, need not manually overcome the landform difficulty, more closely or observation station far away can both effectively observe the ice covering thickness of circuit.
2) measuring principle feasibility of the present invention is higher, can not produce any negative effect to transmission line of electricity, and the use of instrument or the application of method can fully guarantee the safety of transmission line of electricity.
3) principle of the present invention and measurement mechanism can guarantee that the data of measuring are comparatively accurate, when being easy to observe ice covering thickness, and can also the accurate surveying ice covering thickness.
4) the present invention does not propose strict requirement to the measuring distance scope, can both be suitable in far away or closer distance, and this just can guarantee can effectively observe ice covering thickness under different operating modes.
5) low-carbon environment-friendly of the present invention, environmentally safe, energy consumption is low, without any negative influence, can be widely used in various coated by ice of overhead power transmission line thickness observations to transmission line of electricity.
Description of drawings
Device of the present invention can further specify by the indefiniteness embodiment that accompanying drawing provides.
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram that cross-graduation of the present invention is measured plate;
Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic cross-section of tested icing transmission line of electricity involved in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the calculation procedure flow chart of steps of wireless PDA calculation by program device.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, only limits to following embodiment but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention.In the situation that does not break away from the above-mentioned technological thought of the present invention, according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, make various replacements and change, all should be included in the scope of the present invention.
A kind of portable icing visualizer of measuring built on stilts electric power line ice-covering thickness comprises laser ranging system 1 and optical measuring device 7.Described optical measuring device 7 comprises observation eyepiece 3 and object lens 4, cross-graduation is installed between described observation eyepiece 3 and the object lens 4 measures plate 2.Described laser ranging system 1 comprises Laser emission/receiving trap.When carrying out measurement operation from observation station, distance between described object lens 4 and the tested icing transmission line of electricity equals the distance between described Laser emission/receiving trap and the tested icing transmission line of electricity, obtain observation station to the distance L between the tested icing transmission line of electricity by described laser ranging system 1, obtain the mil value M of tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter by described optical measuring device 7.
Among the embodiment, the parameter matching of described laser ranging system 1 and optical measuring device 7, namely enlargement factor, aperture of objective lens, distance of exit pupil and exit pupil diameter equate.
As preferably, described laser range finder 1 enlargement factor is that 7 times, exit pupil diameter are that 4~5mm, aperture of objective lens are 28~35mm, and distance of exit pupil is 10~18mm.The enlargement factor of described optical measuring device 7 is that 7 times, exit pupil diameter are that 4~5mm, aperture of objective lens are that 28~35mm, distance of exit pupil are 10~18mm.
Because observation station is distant from testee, and testee is the little power transmission line of diameter, and device disclosed in this invention will be avoided shake in observation process.Therefore, the spherical pan head tripod 6 that also comprises a carrying laser ranging system 1 and optical measuring device 7 among the embodiment.Described spherical pan head tripod 6 should guarantee shank be easy to stretch, and stretching distance can adapt to various different operating modes, should guarantee can stretch between high 0.2m~3m.Simultaneously, the material selection aluminium alloy is light and corrosion-resistant.The The Cloud Terrace of described spherical pan head tripod 6 will guarantee surface level 360 degree and rotate freely, about vertical plane energy deflection 45 degree, so just can be applicable to the fixing of most of observed case lower device, and tested icing transmission line of electricity is measured aliging of plate 2 with described cross-graduation.
As preferably, embodiment also comprises according to formula
, the wireless PDA calculation by
program device 5 of the diameter H that the distance L that gathers during with observation and mil value M calculate tested icing transmission line of electricity.Described wireless PDA calculation by
program device 5 is also according to formula
, calculate ice covering thickness value r, wherein d is the not diameter during icing of tested icing transmission line of electricity.Adopt 5 programmings of wireless PDA calculation by program device to calculate, so that determination efficiency is higher.Described wireless
PDA program calculator 5 can be with multiple computerese coding, in order to guarantee computerese in the succinct situation of trying one's best, effective deal with data.Wireless
PDA program calculator 5 computing velocitys are fast, in order to guarantee having in the situation of mass data, the multiple unfavorable conditions such as slow or miscount can not occur calculating.Described wireless PDA program calculator also has small volume, the advantage that is easy to carry about with one, and other devices effectively cooperate among the present invention.
Embodiment also discloses and has adopted said apparatus to measure the method for built on stilts electric power line ice-covering thickness, may further comprise the steps:
1) selected observation station is aimed at tested icing transmission line of electricity with laser ranging system 1 and optical measuring device 7;
2) obtain observation station to the distance L of described tested icing transmission line of electricity by laser ranging system 1; Obtain the mil value M of described tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter by optical measuring device (7);
3) formula
, calculate described tested icing transmission line of electricity diameter;
4) according to formula
, calculate the ice covering thickness r of described tested icing transmission line of electricity, wherein d is the not diameter during icing of tested icing transmission line of electricity.
Referring to Fig. 3, be the synoptic diagram of the power transmission line xsect of one section icing among the figure.Among the figure, inner circle partly is the xsect of transmission pressure commonly used itself, and its diameter d can obtain by inquiring about each ice formation wire mechanical and physical property table.In the present embodiment, select the diameter of the general section of transmission pressure of 500KV, 10mm ice formation, d=27.63mm.The observation station of selected safety, adopting enlargement factor is that 7 times, exit pupil diameter are that 4.3 mm, aperture of objective lens are that 30mm, distance of exit pupil are the
laser range finder 1 of 17.8mm, and enlargement factor is that 7 times, exit pupil diameter are that 4.3mm, aperture of objective lens are that 30 mm, distance of exit pupil are that the optical measuring device 7(of 17.8 mm can be the telescope of measuring plate with cross-graduation as shown in Figure 2) the icing power transmission line among Fig. 4 is measured.
Laser range finder 1 shows L=78m, by range estimation, learns M=0.5; Pass through formula
Calculate H=39mm, namely obtain the outside diameter (comprising in the tested icing transmission line of electricity thickness of the diameter of the xsect of transmission line of electricity own and 2 times of icing) among Fig. 3.According to formula
, calculate the ice covering thickness r=5.685mm of described tested icing transmission line of electricity.