CN102962454B - Manufacturing method of special welding material for electron beam welding of YGH-60 hard alloy and 45 steel - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of special welding material for electron beam welding of YGH-60 hard alloy and 45 steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN102962454B CN102962454B CN201210495413.2A CN201210495413A CN102962454B CN 102962454 B CN102962454 B CN 102962454B CN 201210495413 A CN201210495413 A CN 201210495413A CN 102962454 B CN102962454 B CN 102962454B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a special welding material for electron beam welding of YGH-60 hard alloy and 45 steel, and relates to an electron beam welding method of dissimilar materials. The manufacturing method solves the technical problems that the available brazed connection method for the hard alloy and the steel has complicated procedures and a fusion welding connection method causes cracks easily. The manufacturing method comprises the steps that 8.3-8.5% of iron powder, 0.45%-0.55% of niobium powder, 0.75%-0.85% of yttrium powder, 0.45%-0.55% of carbon powder and the balance of nickel powder are weighed according to weight percentages, and added into a powder mixing machine to be mixed, and obtained mixed powder is pressed and then put into a vacuum furnace for sintering, therefore, the special welding material for the electron beam welding of the YGH-60 hard alloy and the 45 steel is obtained. The special welding material can be used to weld the dissimilar materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of material for foreign material electron beam welding, belong to foreign material molten solder field.
Background technology
Carbide alloy is that a kind of to take refractory metal compound (WC, TiC, TaC etc.) be matrix, take magnesium-yttrium-transition metal as Binder Phase, the cermet tool material of preparing by powder metallurgy process.There is high strength, high rigidity, high elastic modulus, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, stable chemical nature and the good excellent performances such as red hardness, be widely used in the fields such as machining, geological prospecting, mining.But carbide alloy is expensive and poor toughness, make it be difficult to produce large-size, complex-shaped goods.Steel with low cost, toughness is better, is suitable for machining, therefore carbide alloy and steel is combined to use, has important theory significance and practical value.
Yet, the connection of this bi-material when design production technology, the carbide alloy of especially large thickness (thickness surpasses 30mm) and the connectivity problem of steel are further outstanding, how to choose rational welding method, should guarantee bonding strength, make again welding sequence drop to the heating power damage of carbide alloy minimum, become a problem of needing solution badly.At present for Small and Medium Sized carbide alloy and being connected of steel conventionally adopting method for welding, yet for being connected of large thickness carbide alloy and steel, adopt method for welding to need after carbide alloy " distinguish ", to connect again, can increase like this manufacturing procedure and welding complexity, reduce service life.Think, employing has that super large welding seam deep width ratio, heat affected area are little, energy and position while welding accurately electron beam welding controlled and that can a penetration fustion welding be shaped be one of method for optimizing, but carbide alloy during with steel melting welding due to the existence of fragility phase and welding stress, make the electro-beam welding joint obtaining easily crack defect, cannot form effective jointing, the rational method addressing this problem both at home and abroad at present there is not yet report.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve existing carbide alloy and steel easily cracks the technical problem of defect with method complex procedures, the melting welding method of attachment of brazing, and the manufacture method of electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel special welding materials is provided.
The manufacture method of electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy of the present invention and 45 steel special welding materials is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
One, take by weight percentage the nickel powder of 8.3～8.5% iron powder, 0.45%～0.55% niobium powder, 0.75%～0.85% yttrium powder, 0.45%～0.55% carbon dust and surplus and join mixed powder machine and mix 0.5～1 hour, obtain mixed-powder;
Two, mixed-powder step 1 being obtained joins in mould, then mould is put to hydraulic press, suppresses 120～150 seconds at pressure under the condition that is 300～1000T, obtains pressed compact;
Three, pressed compact step 2 being obtained is put into vacuum drying oven, with the speed of 10～12 ℃/min, is warming up to 1150～1200 ℃ and keep 1.5～2 hours, then cooling with stove, obtains electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel special welding materials.
Wherein mass content >=99.5% of the nickel in the nickel powder in step 1, and mass content≤0.003% of the sulphur in nickel powder; The particle diameter of nickel powder is 2～3 μ m;
Mass content >=99% of the iron in the iron powder in step 1, and mass content≤0.001% of the S in iron powder, mass content≤0.02% of Si, mass content≤0.03% of Mn, mass content≤0.001% of P; The particle diameter of iron powder is 2.5～3.5 μ m;
Mass content >=99.8% of carbon in carbon dust in step 1, and mass content≤0.005% of the moisture in carbon dust; The granularity of carbon dust is 300～500 orders;
Mass content >=99.9% of niobium in niobium powder in step 1; The granularity of niobium powder is 300～500 orders;
Mass content >=99.9% of yttrium in yttrium powder in step 1; The granularity of yttrium powder is 300～500 orders;
After the various powder of step 1 of the present invention have taken, mix powder being no more than in the time of 30min, to prevent the alleged Powder Oxidation of getting; In like manner, the mixed-powder that step 1 obtains will be preserved with sealing bag sealing, and mixed-powder is carried out to pressed compact in case oxidation being no more than in the time of 24h.
The method of utilizing electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy of the present invention and 45 steel special welding materials to weld is carried out according to the following steps: electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel special welding materials are carried out cutting into the thin slice that thickness is 1～2mm after removing surface, with sand paper, the surface finish of thin slice is smooth, after the surface clean of thin slice is clean with acetone again, obtained intermediate layer; Intermediate layer is placed between YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel to be welded, with electron beam welding, obtains the joint of YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel.
In electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy of the present invention and 45 steel special welding materials, nickel element has comparatively excellent plastic property, and high-temp plastic is better, can be in postwelding flexible coupling residual stress, so Ni element is elected the main element in this intermediate layer as; By adding C element, can compensate the poor C of carbide alloy side causing because of C Elements Diffusion, the decline of avoiding producing fragility phase and joint performance; Nb element and Y element, as rare earth element, can play the effect of crystal grain thinning in welding process.With special welding material of the present invention, suppress the generation of carbide alloy and steel fragility phase in welding process, and effectively alleviate welding stress.
Adopt conventional electro-beam welding method to carry out welding point to YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel and very easily produce macroscopic cracking defect, cannot form effective connection.Utilize special welding material of the present invention minute to carry out electron beam welding and normal welding method difference is as being transited into, special welding material is placed in to treating between weldment of YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel, utilize electron beam thermal source to heat, utilize the accurate controlled effect of electron beam to guide the space orientation of welding pool, realize YGH-60 carbide alloy and be connected with the effective of 45 steel.This special welding material can make the weld seam of carbide alloy and steel form good metallurgical binding on the one hand, reduces or avoid the generation of fragility phase, and joint does not have crack defect; Can reduce weld seam fragility on the other hand, increase plasticity and toughness, avoid larger welding residual stress, can obtain the jointing of high-quality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the stereoscan photograph of the test one electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy obtaining and 45 steel special welding materials.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: the manufacture method of the electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy of present embodiment and 45 steel special welding materials is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
One, take by weight percentage the nickel powder of 8.3～8.5% iron powder, 0.45%～0.55% niobium powder, 0.75%～0.85% yttrium powder, 0.45%～0.55% carbon dust and surplus and join mixed powder machine and mix 0.5～1 hour, obtain mixed-powder;
Two, mixed-powder step 1 being obtained joins in mould, then mould is put to hydraulic press, suppresses 120～150 seconds at pressure under the condition that is 300～1000T, obtains pressed compact;
Three, pressed compact step 2 being obtained is put into vacuum drying oven, with the speed of 10～12 ℃/min, is warming up to 1150～1200 ℃ and keep 1.5～2 hours, then cooling with stove, obtains electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel special welding materials.
Utilize special welding material prepared by present embodiment minute to carry out electron beam welding and normal welding method difference is as being transited into, special welding material is placed in to treating between weldment of YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel, utilize electron beam thermal source to heat, utilize the accurate controlled effect of electron beam to guide the space orientation of welding pool, realize YGH-60 carbide alloy and be connected with the effective of 45 steel.This special welding material can make the weld seam of carbide alloy and steel form good metallurgical binding on the one hand, reduces or avoid the generation of fragility phase, and joint does not have crack defect; Can reduce weld seam fragility on the other hand, increase plasticity and toughness, avoid larger welding residual stress, can obtain the jointing of high-quality.
The specific embodiment two: what present embodiment was different from the specific embodiment one is mass content >=99.5% of the nickel in the nickel powder in step 1, and mass content≤0.003% of the sulphur in nickel powder; Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
In present embodiment, the mass content of the sulphur in nickel powder is limited, if contain excessive element sulphur in nickel powder, can strengthen the hot cracking tendency in YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel welding processes on the one hand; On the other hand, even if obtain flawless welding point, the plasticity and toughness of gained joint also can be a greater impact.
The specific embodiment three: present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment one is that the particle diameter of the nickel powder in step 1 is at 2～3 μ m; Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment four: what present embodiment was different from one of specific embodiment one to three is mass content >=99% of the iron in the iron powder in step 1, and mass content≤0.003% of the S in iron powder, mass content≤0.02% of Si, mass content≤0.03% of Mn, mass content≤0.003% of P; Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.
In present embodiment, the impurity in iron powder being limited, is because the intermediate layer that in iron powder, too much sulphur and phosphorus can cause sintering easily cracks defect; If contain too much manganese in iron powder, can make the compression performance variation of iron powder, thereby easily cause the density of gained special welding material under uniform pressure inadequate; If Si too much in iron powder is with SiO
2form exists, and can make shaping, sintering and its final performance of special welding intermediate layer of material all can bring very adverse influence.
The specific embodiment five: present embodiment is different from one of specific embodiment one to three is that the particle diameter of the iron powder in step 1 is 2.5～3.5 μ m; Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.
The specific embodiment six: what present embodiment was different from one of specific embodiment one to five is mass content >=99.8% of carbon in the carbon dust in step 1, and mass content≤0.005% of the moisture in carbon dust; Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to five.
In present embodiment, the moisture in carbon dust is limited, if contain more moisture in carbon dust, in vacuum-sintering process, vacuum drying oven vacuum can be affected, and also easily occurs the defects such as pore in intermediate layer on the one hand; On the other hand, in welding process, in special welding intermediate layer of material, too much pore also can cause occurring in welding point the defects such as pore.
The specific embodiment seven: present embodiment is different from one of specific embodiment one to five is that the granularity of carbon dust is 300～500 orders; Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to five.
The specific embodiment eight: present embodiment is different from one of specific embodiment one to five is to take by weight percentage 8.4% iron powder, 0.5% niobium powder, 0.8% yttrium powder, 0.5% carbon dust and the nickel powder of surplus in step 1; Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to five.
The specific embodiment nine: the method for utilizing electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy described in the specific embodiment one and 45 steel special welding materials to carry out electron beam welding is carried out according to the following steps: the electron beam welding of carbide alloy and steel is carried out cutting into the thin slice that thickness is 1～2mm after removing surface with intermediate layer material, with sand paper, the surface finish of thin slice is smooth, after the surface clean of thin slice is clean with acetone again, obtained intermediate layer; Intermediate layer is placed between carbide alloy and steel to be welded, with electro-beam welding method, obtains the joint of carbide alloy and steel.
The YGH-60 carbide alloy that present embodiment obtains and 45 steel special welding materials, after its surface is cleared up, size by sample to be welded is cut, recycling mechanical means is smooth by Surface Machining, after surface clean is clean with acetone again, the intermediate layer of having used with regard to having obtained the electron beam welding of YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel, is placed on this intermediate layer between carbide alloy and steel to be welded, with electron beam welding, just obtains the joint that effect connects.Introduce behind intermediate layer, adopt electron beam welding, because electron beam welding has advantages of that beam current density is large, energy height is concentrated, avoided carbide alloy side due to excessive the cracking of heat input, the electro-beam welding joint of this carbide alloy and steel has been obtained to effective combination, and the tensile strength of welding point surpasses 300MPa.
With following verification experimental verification beneficial effect of the present invention:
Test one: the electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy of this test preparation method concrete with the manufacture method of 45 steel special welding materials is as follows: one, take by weight percentage the nickel powder of 8.5% iron powder, 0.5% niobium powder, 0.8% yttrium powder, 0.5% carbon dust and surplus and join and mix powder machine and mix 0.5 hour, obtain mixed-powder;
Two, mixed-powder step 1 being obtained joins in mould, then mould is put to hydraulic press, suppresses 120 seconds at pressure under the condition that is 300～1000T, obtains pressed compact;
Three, pressed compact step 2 being obtained is put into vacuum drying oven, with the speed of 10 ℃/min, is warming up to 1200 ℃ and keep 2 hours, then cooling with stove, obtains electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel special welding materials.
Wherein nickel powder, iron powder, carbon dust, niobium powder and yttrium powder are commercially available prod, and the mass content of the nickel in nickel powder is 99.9%, and the mass content of the sulphur in nickel powder is 0.001%; The particle diameter of nickel powder is 2.5～3 μ m; The mass content of the iron in iron powder is 99.5%, and the mass content that the mass content of the S in the iron powder mass content that is 0.0005%, Si the mass content that is 0.005%, Mn is 0.005%, P is 0.0006%; The particle diameter of iron powder is 2.5～3 μ m; In carbon dust, the mass content of carbon is 99.9%, and the mass content of the moisture in carbon dust is 0.004%; The granularity of carbon dust is 500 orders; In niobium powder, the mass content of niobium is 99.9%; The granularity of niobium powder is 500 orders; The mass content 99.9% of yttrium in yttrium powder; The granularity of yttrium powder is 500 orders.
The electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy obtaining and 45 steel special welding materials are observed to discovery, the stereoscan photograph obtaining as shown in Figure 1,
This intermediate layer material is organized comparatively evenly, fine and close as can be seen from Figure 1, and mainly with Ni based solid solution, is organized as master.From Fig. 1, it can also be seen that, this intermediate layer material on the whole element is evenly distributed, and only in indivedual positions, has the segregation phenomenon of element.In Fig. 1, the elementary analysis at A place, B place and C place is as shown in table 1,
The composition (w.t.%) at A place, B place and C place in table 1 Fig. 1
| Element | Ni | Fe | C | Y | Nb |
| A | 87.95 | 8.43 | 3.62 | -- | -- |
| B | 21.76 | -- | 4.79 | -- | 73.45 |
| C | 3.29 | -- | 96.71 | -- | -- |
Adopt electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel special welding materials to carry out electron beam welding, electron beam welding is as a kind of dark molten fusion welding method, in the welding process of YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel, each element in special welding material can be uniformly distributed under melting bath stirring effect, makes the weld seam of YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel form good metallurgical binding.In addition, this special welding material has good plasticity and toughness, can reduce weld seam fragility, increases weld seam plasticity and toughness, avoids larger welding residual stress, obtains the jointing of high-quality.
The electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy that this test is obtained and 45 steel special welding materials carry out after removing surface, the size that is YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45# steel by sample carbide alloy to be welded is carried out the thin slice that cutting thickness is 1.5mm, use again 80#, 240#, 400#, the sand paper of 600# and No. 800# is smooth by the Surface Machining of thin slice, after surface clean is clean with acetone again, just obtained intermediate layer, it is between YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45# steel that this intermediate layer is placed on to carbide alloy to be welded, with electron beam welding, obtained the joint of YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45# steel.
This test is introduced after electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel special welding intermediate layer of material, adopt electron beam welding, because electron beam welding has advantages of that beam current density is large, energy height is concentrated, avoided carbide alloy side due to excessive the cracking of heat input, to this YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45# steel electro-beam welding joint observe discovery, welding point has obtained effective combination, by the tensile strength of Welded Joints, test discovery, the tensile strength of welding point is 320MPa.
Claims (8)
1. the manufacture method of electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel special welding materials, is characterized in that what the method was specifically carried out according to the following steps:
One, take by weight percentage the nickel powder of 8.3～8.5% iron powder, 0.45%～0.55% niobium powder, 0.75%～0.85% yttrium powder, 0.45%～0.55% carbon dust and surplus and join mixed powder machine and mix 0.5～1 hour, obtain mixed-powder;
Two, mixed-powder step 1 being obtained joins in mould, then mould is put to hydraulic press, suppresses 120～150 seconds at pressure under the condition that is 300～1000T, obtains pressed compact;
Three, pressed compact step 2 being obtained is put into vacuum drying oven, with the speed of 10～12 ℃/min, is warming up to 1150～1200 ℃ and keep 1.5～2 hours, then cooling with stove, obtains electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy and 45 steel special welding materials.
2. the manufacture method of electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy according to claim 1 and 45 steel special welding materials, is characterized in that mass content >=99.5% of the nickel in nickel powder in step 1 and mass content≤0.003% of the sulphur in nickel powder.
3. the manufacture method of electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy according to claim 1 and 2 and 45 steel special welding materials, the particle diameter that it is characterized in that nickel powder in step 1 is 2～3 μ m.
4. the manufacture method of electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy according to claim 1 and 2 and 45 steel special welding materials, mass content >=99% that it is characterized in that the iron in iron powder in step 1, and mass content≤0.003% of the S in iron powder, mass content≤0.02% of Si, mass content≤0.03% of Mn, mass content≤0.003% of P.
5. the manufacture method of electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy according to claim 1 and 2 and 45 steel special welding materials, the particle diameter that it is characterized in that iron powder in step 1 is 2.5～3.5 μ m.
6. the manufacture method of electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy according to claim 1 and 2 and 45 steel special welding materials, is characterized in that in step 1 mass content >=99.8% of carbon in carbon dust, and mass content≤0.005% of the moisture in carbon dust.
7. the manufacture method of electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy according to claim 1 and 2 and 45 steel special welding materials, the granularity that it is characterized in that carbon dust in step 1 is 300～500 orders.
8. the manufacture method of electron beam welding YGH-60 carbide alloy according to claim 1 and 2 and 45 steel special welding materials, is characterized in that taking by weight percentage in step 1 8.4% iron powder, 0.5% niobium powder, 0.8% yttrium powder, 0.5% carbon dust and the nickel powder of surplus.
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| GB1253187A (en) * | 1969-04-28 | 1971-11-10 | ||
| JPS53120647A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-10-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Welding method for electron beam of high carbon steel material |
| CN101386028A (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2009-03-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Cemented carbide/steel composite roller and preparation method thereof |
| CN101585117A (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2009-11-25 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | Welding rod for welding hard alloy and steel parts and welding method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB528301A (en) * | 1938-05-04 | 1940-10-25 | Seri Holding Sa | Improvements in or relating to the deposition of alloys on a base metal by electric arc welding |
| GB1253187A (en) * | 1969-04-28 | 1971-11-10 | ||
| JPS53120647A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-10-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Welding method for electron beam of high carbon steel material |
| CN101386028A (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2009-03-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Cemented carbide/steel composite roller and preparation method thereof |
| CN101585117A (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2009-11-25 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | Welding rod for welding hard alloy and steel parts and welding method thereof |
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