CN102952588A - High-temperature synthetic gas chilling device and high-temperature synthetic gas chilling method for gasification furnace - Google Patents
High-temperature synthetic gas chilling device and high-temperature synthetic gas chilling method for gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN102952588A CN102952588A CN2012104717599A CN201210471759A CN102952588A CN 102952588 A CN102952588 A CN 102952588A CN 2012104717599 A CN2012104717599 A CN 2012104717599A CN 201210471759 A CN201210471759 A CN 201210471759A CN 102952588 A CN102952588 A CN 102952588A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature synthetic gas chilling device and a high-temperature synthetic gas chilling method for a gasification furnace. The chilling device comprises the coal gasification furnace, a chilling chamber and a synthetic gas guide pipe, wherein the chilling chamber is a space formed in a mode that a round, rectangular or polygonal section moves along the normal direction of the section; multiple layers of sprayer units are distributed on the periphery of the chilling chamber; and each sprayer unit comprises multiple sprayers distributed in a tangential circle shape along the circumferential direction; when the synthetic gas generated by the coal gasification furnace enters into the chilling chamber through the synthetic gas guide pipe so as to be chilled, the sprayers spray a cooling medium along a direction opposite to the synthetic gas movement direction, so that the cooling medium and the synthetic gas are uniformly mixed. According to the device and the method, multiple layers of multiple sprayers distributed in a tangential circle shape along the circumferential direction are adopted for spraying the cooling medium along the direction opposite to the synthetic gas movement direction, so that the influence of the chilling boundary on the temperature of the gasification furnace is reduced; and the cooling medium is sprayed along the direction opposite to the synthetic gas movement direction, so that the mixing intensity is improved, the residual rotation momenta of the synthetic gas are reduced, the length of the outlet guide pipe of the chilling chamber of the gasification furnace is greatly shortened, and the cost is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to dry pulverized coal or coal water slurry or biomass or refinery coke gasification chilling technology technical field, more specifically, relate to a kind of vapourizing furnace high-temperature synthesis gas chilling device and method.
Background technology
S-generation Coal Gasification Technology such as Texaco coal water slurry gasification, the gasification of Shell dried coal powder, has the many merits such as coal adaptability is wide, vapor pressure is high, throughput is large, gasification efficiency is high, pollution is little, and therefore, it is the one preferred technique of development Modern Coal-based Chemical.
The Texaco gasifying process is one of the novel process of the gasification eighties in 20th century, it be by Texaco Oil's exploitation take coal water slurry as raw material, slag tap air flow bed pressurized gasification technology.The Texaca vapourizing furnace is the abundantest entrained flow gasification technique of present commercial service experience, and working pressure has reached 6.5MPa, for the synthesis of ammonia, and methyl alcohol or generating etc.The Texaco gasifying process can be wider with the raw material range of gasification, Technology is ripe, flow process is simple, process control is safe and reliable, turndown ratio is large, efficiency of carbon conversion is high, good, the alternative vapor pressure wide ranges of synthetic gas quality, single furnace capacity large, advantages of environment protection.But also there are some shortcomings: vapourizing furnace inner lining refractory block, burner nozzle weak point in work-ing life, need standby stove, be not suitable under underload, moving for a long time, the coal water slurry water content is too high, synthetic cold gas efficiency and available gas composition (CO+H
2) on the low side, the oxygen consumption, coal consumption is all than the dry method air-flow height of bed.The Texaco gasifying process, synthetic gas and melt cinder enter shock chamber's Quench with flowing downward, and reach the effect of cooling lime-ash and coal gas humidification.
The Shell gasifying process is called for short SCGP, it is the pressurized entrained-bed bed pulverized coal gasification technology of new generation that is begun to develop at 20 century 70s by Dutch Shell International Petroleum Company, this gasification technology is one of the main development approach of 21 century gasification until last century Mo just enters commercial applications.2～4.1MPa is pressed in this device gasification, 1350～1650 ℃ of gasification temperatures, and it is reinforced to belong to dry pulverized coal, and general efficiency of carbon conversion is 99%, cold gas efficiency 80～85%, heating gas efficient surpasses 95%.In the Shell gasifying process, synthetic gas is up, connects waste heat boiler after general.Common chilling technology utilizes cooling syngas cooling, and 209 ℃ of mixed cooling syngas spray into the vapourizing furnace outlet after the chill air compressor compression, with the synthetic gas that rises by 1500 ℃ of Quench to 850-900 ℃.The common shortcoming of this technique is: in actual motion, owing to contain particulate and corrosive gases in the cooled coal gas, and the load variations scope is large, and the Quench system breaks down easily.
Patent Office of the People's Republic of China is open on October 17th, 2007, name is called: chilling device for up coal gas of high temperature, publication number is the patent application of CN101054537A, its chilling device comprises the gasification body of heater and is arranged on the interior refractory liner of gasification body of heater, refractory liner is comprised of the cylindrical shell at the tapered slope that is positioned at the bottom, middle part and the semi-spherical dome on top, be furnished with soot blower in tapered slope, at least one group chilled water distribution piping is set at the cylindrical shell of refractory liner.Adopt conical surface slope at refractory materials and water wall vary in diameter place and purge by soot blower.By regulating the amount of chilled water water spray group, can reach adjustable to 500 ℃-900 ℃ of gas outlet temperatures.Above-mentioned patent is arranged the shock chamber on vapourizing furnace top, the space, shock chamber is very large, affects the stable of vaporizer furnace temperature, so that the vapourizing furnace overall space becomes large, cost of investment increases.
Patent Office of the People's Republic of China is open on January 24th, 2007, name is called: a kind of dry coal powder pressure gasifying chilling device and chilling technology, publication number is the patent application of CN1900234A, it arranges one group of spray thrower by outlet above coal gasifier, by setting-out amount in the valve regulated control supply, so that being reduced to 900 ℃ from 1450 ℃-1600 ℃, outlet coal gas carries out the Quench first time.Enter the shock chamber through the raw gas of a Quench and proceed Quench and washing.Above-mentioned patent directly sprays into chilled water from top of gasification furnace, can reduce the temperature in the vapourizing furnace, reduces the gasification transformation efficiency, can not guarantee mixing of synthetic gas and water coolant.Synthetic gas directly impacts water jet standpipe, possible ablation.
Summary of the invention
Defective for prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vapourizing furnace high-temperature synthesis gas chilling device, be intended to solve prior art chilled water is directly sprayed into temperature, the reduction gasification transformation efficiency that can cause reducing in the vapourizing furnace and can not guarantee the problem that mixing of synthetic gas and water coolant causes the shower nozzle scaling loss to stop production from top of gasification furnace.
The invention provides a kind of vapourizing furnace high-temperature synthesis gas chilling device, comprise coal gasifier, shock chamber and synthetic gas conduit, described shock chamber serves as reasons circle, rectangle or polygonal cross-section along space that the normal direction in cross section is moved and formed; Arranging multiplayer ejection head unit on the circumference of described shock chamber, every one deck ejection head unit comprises: a plurality of shower nozzles of arranging along the circumferential circle of contact, the synthetic gas that generates when coal gasifier is when synthetic airway enters the shock chamber and carries out Quench, and described shower nozzle sprays into heat-eliminating medium so that described heat-eliminating medium evenly mixes with described synthetic gas against the direction of motion of synthetic gas.
Further, described chilling device also comprises the control device be used to the injection flow rate of controlling described shower nozzle.
Further, described a plurality of shower nozzle is evenly arranged along the circumferential circle of contact.
Further, described heat-eliminating medium comprises water coolant, cooling steam, carbonic acid gas or nitrogen.
Further, described shower nozzle comprises internal layer and skin, and described internal layer is used for shower cooling water or gas, and described skin is used for shower cooling water vapour or water.
Chilling device provided by the invention adopts a plurality of shower nozzles of arranging along the circumferential circle of contact to spray into heat-eliminating medium against the direction of motion of synthetic gas; Direction of motion against synthetic gas sprays into the mixture strength that heat-eliminating medium has not only increased heat-eliminating medium and synthetic gas, cut down the residual rotation momentum of synthetic gas, in order to condensing and sedimentation of slag, also increased heat-eliminating medium at residing time in furnace, make mixing more abundant, thereby can greatly shorten the size of vapourizing furnace shock chamber delivery channel, reduce cost of investment.
The present invention also provides a kind of vapourizing furnace high-temperature synthesis gas Quench method, comprises the steps:
S1: arranging multiplayer ejection head unit on the circumference of shock chamber, in every one deck ejection head unit, arrange a plurality of shower nozzles along the circumferential circle of contact;
S2: described shower nozzle sprays into the shock chamber with heat-eliminating medium against the direction circle of contact of synthetic gas;
S3: the temperature that gathers default temperature point;
S4: whether the temperature of judging described collection equals temperature threshold, if then finish; If not, then enter step S5;
S5: adjust the injection flow rate of described shower nozzle and be back to step S2.
Further, in step S2, the tangential circle diameter of the inlet side of described shock chamber water spray layer is not less than the tangential circle diameter of the outlet side of described shock chamber.
Further, in step S3, at the 3 meters later on default described temperature points in the downstream of shock chamber.
Further, in step S4, described temperature threshold is set according to the process requirements of reality.
Convenient, reliable and stable, the good economy performance of Quench method regulation and control provided by the invention.Avoided utilizing the synthetic gas circulating cooling easily to cause compressor corrosion stopping production problem by compressor; The whole decline of gasification efficient that has avoided the coal powder injection cooling to cause; Solve the cooling of radially directly spraying water and caused the very fast burning problems of shower nozzle.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the vapourizing furnace high-temperature synthesis gas chilling device that provides of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is shower nozzle synoptic diagram in the vapourizing furnace high-temperature synthesis gas chilling device that provides of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the vapourizing furnace high-temperature synthesis gas Quench method realization flow figure that the embodiment of the invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
The present invention adopts spraying Quench and the jet protected mode of circle of contact decoration form, by the adjusting of cooling water inflow, and high temperature (1350～1650 ℃) the synthetic gas Quench that vapourizing furnace can be exported, and solidify slag.The cooling load amount is large, and the cooling gas consumption is few.
As shown in Figure 1, the synthetic gas chilling device comprises coal gasifier 1, shock chamber 2, synthetic gas conduit 3, and wherein, shock chamber 2 serves as reasons circle, rectangle or polygonal cross-section along space that the normal direction in cross section is moved and formed; Arranging multiplayer ejection head unit on the circumference of shock chamber 2, every one deck ejection head unit comprises: a plurality of shower nozzles of arranging along the circumferential circle of contact, the synthetic gas 4 that generates when coal gasifier 1 is when synthetic airway 3 enters shock chamber 2 and carries out Quench, and described shower nozzle sprays into heat-eliminating medium so that described heat-eliminating medium evenly mixes with described synthetic gas against the direction of motion of synthetic gas.Wherein, shower nozzle is used for water flowing, gas or air-water mixture; The synthetic gas 4 that generates when coal gasifier 1 is when synthetic airway 3 enters shock chamber 2 and carries out Quench, and shower nozzle sprays into heat-eliminating medium against the direction of motion of synthetic gas; Direction of motion against synthetic gas sprays into the mixture strength that heat-eliminating medium has not only increased heat-eliminating medium and synthetic gas, cut down the residual rotation momentum of synthetic gas, in order to condensing and sedimentation of slag, also increased heat-eliminating medium at residing time in furnace, make mixing more abundant, thereby can greatly shorten the length of vapourizing furnace shock chamber delivery channel, reduce cost of investment.
Wherein, on the cross section of shock chamber's 2 every one decks, be evenly arranged a plurality of shower nozzles along the circumferential circle of contact, can guarantee homogeneity and the controllability of temperature distribution.
In embodiments of the present invention, heat-eliminating medium comprises water coolant 7, cooling steam 8, carbonic acid gas or nitrogen.
In embodiments of the present invention, chilling device also comprises the control device for the injection flow rate of control shower nozzle; Control device can be according to the injection flow rate of actual temperature demand control shower nozzle.
The synthetic gas chilling device that provides for the further description embodiment of the invention, details are as follows as example and in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 take two-layer first:
The synthetic gas chilling device comprises coal gasifier 1, shock chamber 2, synthetic gas conduit 3, and wherein, shock chamber 2 serves as reasons circle, rectangle or polygonal cross-section along space that the normal direction in cross section is moved and formed; Shock chamber 2 is divided into upper and lower two-layer, and shock chamber 2 is arranged in the top of coal gasifier 1, and the synthetic gas conduit 3 between shock chamber 2 and the coal gasifier 1 is very short; One group of shower nozzle is arranged on 2 upper stratas, the shock chamber along the circumferential direction circle of contact, adopts under the circle of contact to injection, and circle of contact direction and lower group of shower nozzle circle of contact direction can in the same way also can be reverse; Shock chamber 2 lower floors are the same with the upper strata to be furnished with a plurality of shower nozzles; Be provided with top shower nozzle 6 and bottom shower nozzle 5 in the shock chamber 2, top shower nozzle 6 is arranged on the upper strata, and bottom shower nozzle 5 is arranged on lower floor; Wherein, shower nozzle 5 is identical with shower nozzle 6 structures, and shower nozzle divides inside and outside two-layer, internal layer shower cooling water 7 or gas, outer shower cooling water vapour 8 or water.And water coolant is divided into multilayer spray, through forming the circle of contact of different diameter after the shower nozzle atomizing.This layer further reduces near the temperature of wall, adjusts simultaneously spray angle, reduces circle of contact area, can cool off near the temperature center.Cooling steam is shielding gas, prevents that water coolant is directly injected on the wall, and cooling steam also cools off the rising synthetic gas simultaneously.Because the spraying circle of contact exists, can strengthen mixing of spraying and synthetic gas, prolong simultaneously and be sprayed at this regional residence time, so that reaching whole section temperature in short range very, the synthetic gas of the two-layer cooling of process reaches unanimity.Cooling water inflow is adjustable, and the cooling syngas temperature out can drop to below 900 ℃.
The synthetic gas 4 that coal gasifier 1 generates enters shock chamber 2 by synthetic gas conduit 3 and carries out Quench.Bottom shower nozzle 5 under the stove inscribed circle to spraying into heat-eliminating medium; Water coolant 7 mixes with rising synthetic gas 4 through 5 atomizings of bottom shower nozzle, reduces the synthetic gas temperature to certain limit; cooling steam 8 protection shock chambers 2 interior water wall; avoid water coolant 7 to impact shock chamber's 2 interior water wall, cooling syngas 4 purges shock chamber's 2 bottom dust stratifications simultaneously.
After synthetic gas 4 was finished once cooling through 2 bottoms, shock chamber, continuing upwards flows carried out the secondary cooling.Top shower nozzle 6 is to spray into water coolant 7 and cooling steam 8 to angle under the circle of contact, heat-eliminating medium circle of contact direction and rising synthetic gas 4 circle of contact opposite directions, water coolant 7 sprays into the shock chamber through top shower nozzle atomizing, and atomized water mixes with synthetic gas 4 and is subjected to thermal evaporation, cooling syngas 4.Under the shower nozzle to angular setting in OK range, avoid atomized water to be directly injected on shock chamber's 2 interior water wall.Cooling steam 8 protection shock chambers 2 interior water wall avoid water coolant 7 to impact shock chamber's 2 interior water wall, cooling syngas 4.Can drop to average below 900 ℃ in shock chamber's temperature out through synthetic gas 4 after the secondary Quench.Synthetic gas 4 upwards flows in the 3 interior continuation of synthetic gas conduit, further mixes with heat-eliminating medium, so that synthetic gas conduit 3 center synthetic gas temperature reduce, reaches unanimity thereby reach whole section temperature.
The supply of water coolant 7 and cooling steam 8 is adjustable, and adjusting water coolant 7 and cooling steam 8 ratios can the controlled chilling cost in proper range; Under normal circumstances, the ratio that water accounts for is larger, and cost is lower.Cooling steam 8 not only protects shock chamber's 2 interior water wall not to be subjected to water coolant 7 collisions, and the cooling steam 8 that while bottom shower nozzle 5 ejects can purge shock chamber's 2 inner-wall surface dust stratifications by the angle of adjusting shower nozzle 5.Cooling spray 5 and shower nozzle 6 adopts under the circle of contacts to injection, can strengthen mixing of heat-eliminating medium and synthetic gas 4, improves simultaneously heat-eliminating medium at residing time in furnace, reduction shock chamber delivery channel design height.Simultaneously cooling spray 5 and shower nozzle 6 can realize that wall place, shock chamber forms cold zone, and protection shower nozzle safety prolongs shower nozzle work-ing life.
The embodiment of the invention is divided into the shock chamber two-layer up and down, and shock chamber lower floor along the circumferential direction arranges one group of shower nozzle, and to injection, circle of contact direction is opposite with rising synthetic gas sense of rotation under the employing circle of contact.Incoming flow gas and spraying oppositely can increase spray angle, strengthen atomizing, increase the contact area of spraying and synthetic gas, and the spray cyclone field also can increase and is sprayed at this interval residence time simultaneously, so that spraying can be evaporated rapidly.Shower nozzle divides inside and outside two-layer, and the internal layer heat-eliminating medium is water or gas, and outer heat-eliminating medium is steam or water.The internal layer water coolant is divided into again multilayer spray, through forming the circle of contact of different diameter after the shower nozzle atomizing.Main purpose prevents the water wall slagging scorification for reducing near the temperature of wall.Be characterized in: cooling water inflow is adjustable, mainly plays the heat zone cooling effect, and cooling steam is shielding gas, prevents that water coolant is directly injected on the wall, and cooling steam also cools off the rising synthetic gas simultaneously, purges bottom, shock chamber dust stratification.Water coolant and cooling steam mass ratio are controlled in the proper range.Water coolant is the main body heat-eliminating medium, reduces the Quench cost.Cooling water inflow, the cooling steam amount is adjustable.
Cooling load variable quantity of the present invention is large, simple in structure, easy to maintenance, and cooling is rapid, and the cooling gas consumption is few, and cooling cost is cheap; And can significantly shorten shock chamber's tower height size afterwards, reduce investment, installation and operation expense.
As shown in Figure 3, the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of vapourizing furnace high-temperature synthesis gas Quench method, and the method specifically comprises the steps:
S1: arranging multiplayer ejection head unit on the circumference of shock chamber, in every one deck ejection head unit, arrange a plurality of shower nozzles along the circumferential circle of contact;
S2: described shower nozzle sprays into the shock chamber with heat-eliminating medium against the direction circle of contact of synthetic gas;
S3: the temperature that gathers default temperature point;
S4: whether the temperature of judging described collection equals temperature threshold, if then finish; If not, then enter step S5;
S5: adjust the injection flow rate of described shower nozzle and be back to step S2.
In inventive embodiments, in step S2, the tangential circle diameter of the inlet side of shock chamber water spray layer is not less than the tangential circle diameter of the outlet side of shock chamber.In step S3, at the 3 meters later on default described temperature points in the downstream of shock chamber.In step S4, described temperature threshold is set according to the process requirements of reality.
In inventive embodiments, utilize an amount of boiler deoxidizing method water or CO
2Or N
2Spray into the shock chamber by custom-designed shower nozzle against the direction circle of contact of synthetic gas, the tangential circle diameter of high temperature side water spray layer is not less than the tangential circle diameter of low temperature side; After 3 meters in the downstream of shock chamber, can establish temperature point, to detect cooling performance; With the temperature detection data feedback to controller, regulation and control confluent with the synthetic gas Quench to the desired temperature of technique.
Convenient, reliable and stable, the good economy performance of Quench method regulation and control provided by the invention.Avoided utilizing the synthetic gas circulating cooling easily to cause compressor corrosion stopping production problem by compressor; The whole decline of gasification efficient that has avoided the coal powder injection cooling to cause; Solve the cooling of radially directly spraying water and caused the very fast burning problems of shower nozzle.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a vapourizing furnace high-temperature synthesis gas chilling device comprises coal gasifier, shock chamber and synthetic gas conduit, it is characterized in that, described shock chamber serves as reasons circle, rectangle or polygonal cross-section along space that the normal direction in cross section is moved and formed; Arranging multiplayer ejection head unit on the circumference of described shock chamber, every one deck ejection head unit comprises: a plurality of shower nozzles of arranging along the circumferential circle of contact, the synthetic gas that generates when coal gasifier is when synthetic airway enters the shock chamber and carries out Quench, and described shower nozzle sprays into heat-eliminating medium so that described heat-eliminating medium evenly mixes with described synthetic gas against the direction of motion of synthetic gas.
2. chilling device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described chilling device also comprises the control device be used to the injection flow rate of controlling described shower nozzle.
3. chilling device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described a plurality of shower nozzles are evenly arranged along the circumferential circle of contact.
4. chilling device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described heat-eliminating medium comprises water coolant, cooling steam, carbonic acid gas or nitrogen.
5. chilling device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described shower nozzle comprises internal layer and skin, and described internal layer is used for shower cooling water or gas, and described skin is used for shower cooling water vapour or water.
6. a vapourizing furnace high-temperature synthesis gas Quench method is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
S1: arranging multiplayer ejection head unit on the circumference of shock chamber, in every one deck ejection head unit, arrange a plurality of shower nozzles along the circumferential circle of contact;
S2: described shower nozzle sprays into the shock chamber with heat-eliminating medium against the direction circle of contact of synthetic gas;
S3: the temperature that gathers default temperature point;
S4: whether the temperature of judging described collection equals temperature threshold, if then finish; If not, then enter step S5;
S5: adjust the injection flow rate of described shower nozzle and be back to step S2.
7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, in step S2, the tangential circle diameter of the inlet side of described shock chamber water spray layer is not less than the tangential circle diameter of the outlet side of described shock chamber.
8. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, in step S3, at the 3 meters later on default described temperature points in the downstream of shock chamber.
9. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, in step S4, described temperature threshold is set according to the process requirements of reality.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104357093A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-02-18 | 湖南谷力新能源科技股份有限公司 | Rice husk decomposer separation system |
| CN105219446A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2016-01-06 | 中国五环工程有限公司 | Comprehensive water/gas mixed Quench jet apparatus |
| CN105400550A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-03-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Apparatus for preventing slag adhering to slag screen of slag-tap gasifier |
| CN107586569A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-16 | 航天长征化学工程股份有限公司 | High-temperature crude synthesis gas cooling and purifying device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101285006A (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2008-10-15 | 五环科技股份有限公司 | Gasification process of water/gas mixed partial-chilled dry powder fuel and device |
| CN101392191A (en) * | 2008-10-15 | 2009-03-25 | 合肥工业大学 | Two stage type dry coal powder entrained flow gasifier |
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| CN105219446B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2018-07-03 | 中国五环工程有限公司 | Comprehensive water/gas mixed Quench injection apparatus |
| CN107586569A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-16 | 航天长征化学工程股份有限公司 | High-temperature crude synthesis gas cooling and purifying device |
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