CN102951826A - Metal solder-welded and strip frame-edge-sealed convex vacuum glass and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Metal solder-welded and strip frame-edge-sealed convex vacuum glass and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102951826A CN102951826A CN2012103740422A CN201210374042A CN102951826A CN 102951826 A CN102951826 A CN 102951826A CN 2012103740422 A CN2012103740422 A CN 2012103740422A CN 201210374042 A CN201210374042 A CN 201210374042A CN 102951826 A CN102951826 A CN 102951826A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Abstract
The invention relates to vacuum glass. The vacuum glass is characterized in that each of upper glass and lower glass is convex surface glass, edge sealing strip frames are arranged at the welded peripheries of the upper glass and the lower glass, and the upper glass and the lower glass are welded together by utilizing metal or alloy solder in a vacuum edge sealing furnace; and the manufacturing of the vacuum glass is simpler and more convenient, and the matching of the upper and the lower edge sealing strip frames can ensure a good sealing effect. The method has the advantages of simpleness in manufacturing process, low cost, high production efficiency, reliability in sealing and connecting and good sealing effect; the one-step large-batch preparation of the vacuum glass without exhaust ports can be realized by utilizing the technology, and the manufactured vacuum glass is strong in resistance to wind pressure and good in heat insulation and sound insulation; and the method can be used for manufacturing the ordinary vacuum glass and is particularly suitable for manufacturing tempered vacuum glass.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing and manufacturing of vacuum glass, making method of especially a kind of vacuum glass and products thereof.
Background technology
Vacuum glass is a kind of novel energy-conserving, environmentfriendly products, can be widely used in the industrial or agricultural fields such as building window, glass curtain wall, solar product, agricultural greenhouse, refrigerator and refrigerator and the resident's daily living article, be good heat insulation, sound insulation and finishing material.In the making processes of vacuum glass, the structure of edge sealing-in and technology be guarantee that circumference of vacuum glass is indeformable, do not produce the stress that exceeds standard, air tight and keep the gordian technique of toughened glass characteristic.During patent CN94192667.2 " makes the method for vacuum glazing ", edge packing structure is designed to that upper glass is slightly less than lower-glass in two blocks of glass, the low melting glass scolder places on the edge step of two glass formation, glass solder after the fusing is because capillarity flows into two glass gaps, the method is the present edge sealing technology of the most representative and tool practicality, but has the shortcoming that the scolder consumption is large, the edge is uneven, stress is larger; Among patent CN95108228.0 " vacuum flat glass and manufacture method thereof " and the CN96208977.X " vacuum flat glass ", adopt in advance " chamfering " processing of glass plate edge, scolder is placed in the chamfering groove, and the method exists the large and low melting glass scolder of cloth difficulty adding when heat-sealable the easily deficiency of loss; Patent CN02256440.3 " edge packing structure of vacuum glass " is that periphery is put the loss that helps strip of paper used for sealing to stop scolder liquid on lower sheet glass, although the method has solved the problem of the outside loss of scolder liquid, but complex process, help strip of paper used for sealing to take larger space, can not solve the problem that scolder liquid flows to inside glass; The edge bonding method of the vacuum glass that patent CN200620070302.7 " Whole transparent vacuum glass " proposes is to make with glass or make edge band through surface treatment at glass edge, and its shortcoming is that not only cost of manufacture is high nor can limit solder and flow to inside glass for edge band; Patent CN200920314752.X " edge sealing structure of vacuum glass " is that upper sheet glass and/or the substrate glass between upper sheet glass and substrate glass edge is shaped with the geometric form packing groove, although can improve lock packing tack between the sheet glass on substrate glass reaches, but the packing groove of upper lower-glass is difficult to fill up simultaneously lock packing, nor can limit arbitrarily flowing of lock packing; Patent CN201010228110.5 " a kind of method for sealing edge of vacuum glass " puts the glass welding material at vacuum glass raw sheet periphery, the interior impervious barrier that one deck is made of powdery or fibrous material is set in the inboard of glass welding material, it is inner that restriction glass solder liquid flows into vacuum glass, compared with prior art, the method only is to have limited glass solder liquid to flow into vacuum glass inside, fails to overcome other shortcomings.To sum up the main weak point of existing edge bonding method is: the one, and structure and complex process are not suitable for mechanize, automatization and mass production; The 2nd, the difficulty of bleeding in the edge sealing process, need at the bleeding point that arranges on glass, be not suitable for directly bleeding from the limit section of glass.
Existing used its sealing temperature of low temperature glass solder of vacuum glass edge sealing generally is not less than 400 ℃, long-time heating glass under this sealing temperature, can make toughened glass occur to anneal phenomenon and become simple glass, so existing production technology is difficult to produce toughened vacuum glass.
For reducing the welding temperature of glass, the present patent application people utilizes low-temperature metal or solder to come glass for bonding in applying for a patent " convex surface toughened vacuum glass of metal solder and preparation method thereof ", and its shortcoming is that the bonding force of low-temperature metal or solder and glass is relatively poor.
Existing vacuum glass generally is flat glass, and upholder is arranged in the vacuum layer, and upholder not only affects vision, and affects heat insulation and sound-proofing properties; In addition, the glass at upholder place bears very large stress, causes easily breaking of glass.
Existing vacuum glass generally adopts first high temperature edge sealing, vacuumizes, seals at last the multistep production technique of bleeding point, and vacuumizes, seals bleeding point and be mostly that monolithic carries out.
Summary of the invention
Problem for the prior art existence, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vacuum glass and preparation method thereof, not only manufacture craft is simple, cost is low for the method, production efficiency is high, and sealing-in is reliable, good sealing effect, utilize the method can single stage method, preparation in enormous quantities do not have the Novel vacuum glass of bleeding point, the method not only can be made conventional vacuum glass, is particularly suitable for making toughened vacuum glass.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of vacuum glass, it comprises upper glass, lower-glass, described upper glass and described lower-glass are convex glasses, described upper glass and described lower-glass are simple glass or coated glass, the periphery of the face of weld of described upper glass and described lower-glass has the edge band frame, the periphery of described upper glass and described lower-glass welds together by solder, described solder is low melting point metal or solder, there are transition layer or described solder to contain the welding auxiliary material between described solder and the described glass, form the vacuum layer of a sealing between described upper glass and the described lower-glass.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of making method of vacuum glass, it comprises:
The first step according to the shape of the vacuum glass of required making and two blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after two processing utilize cryogenic glass powder printing or spraying preparation edge band frame, and after guaranteeing upper and lower glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass; Then the glass after two processing is packed into mould, be placed in the bending furnace, be warming up to 550～750 ℃ of the softening temperature of glass, rely on gravity or the externally applied forces of glass self to make glass form convex surface downwards, and be down to room temperature with stove;
The 3rd step, the edge band frame place of the glass that second step is obtained prints or spraying transition layer or directly pack between the edge band frame and contain the solder that welds auxiliary material, and described two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, leave bleed-off passage between two glass, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step vacuumized and heating operation described vacuum edge sealing stove, was evacuated to below the 0.1Pa, was warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder; If vacuum edge sealing stove has the local heating system, then be heated to a basal temperature by basic heating system first after, restart the local heating system; Reach the edge sealing temperature, solder is fused into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required vacuum glass.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of toughened vacuum glass, it comprises upper glass, lower-glass, described upper glass and described lower-glass are convex glasses, and have at least one to be tempering or semi-tempered glass, described upper glass and described lower-glass are simple glass or coated glass, the periphery of the face of weld of described upper glass and described lower-glass has the edge band frame, the periphery of described upper glass and described lower-glass welds together by solder, described solder is low melting point metal or solder, there are transition layer or described solder to contain the welding auxiliary material between described solder and the described glass, form the vacuum layer of a sealing between described upper glass and the described lower-glass.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of making method of toughened vacuum glass, it comprises:
The first step according to the shape of the vacuum glass of required making and two blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after two processing utilize cryogenic glass powder printing or spraying preparation edge band frame, and after guaranteeing upper and lower glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass; Then the glass after two processing is packed into mould, be placed in the annealing furnace, be warming up to 550～750 ℃ of the softening temperature of glass, rely on gravity or the externally applied forces of glass self to make glass form convex surface downwards, and carry out immediately tempering and process;
The 3rd step, the edge band frame place of the glass that second step is obtained prints or spraying transition layer or directly pack between the edge band frame and contain the solder that welds auxiliary material, and described two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, leave bleed-off passage between two glass, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step vacuumized and heating operation described vacuum edge sealing stove, was evacuated to below the 0.1Pa, was warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder; If vacuum edge sealing stove has the local heating system, then be heated to a basal temperature by basic heating system first after, restart the local heating system; Reach the edge sealing temperature, solder is fused into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required vacuum glass.
Wherein:
The convex surface bow height of described convex glass is not less than 0.1mm, is preferably 0.1 ~ 200mm.
Described vacuum glass can also comprise an intermediate glass, described intermediate glass is flat glass, described intermediate glass is clipped between described upper glass and the described lower-glass, and described upper glass and described lower-glass form respectively the vacuum layer of two sealings with described intermediate glass.
The convex surface bow height of upper and lower two blocks of convex glasses of described vacuum glass is preferably 0.1～200mm, and more preferably 1～20mm is advisable not protrude from outside the sash during as windowpane.
Described upper and lower glass can have identical bow height, also can have according to actual needs different bows high.
Described upper and lower glass is prepared from by sheet glass, and its preparation method further comprises: utilize mould by the gravity of glass self or the pressure that adds sheet glass to be prepared into convex glass in bending furnace or annealing furnace.
Described preparation method further comprises:
The first step is cut two blocks of sheet glass of required size according to the shape and size of the convex surface vacuum glass of required making, carries out edging, chamfering, cleaning and drying treatment;
Second step, two blocks of sheet glass after processing are respectively charged into forming mould, put into bending furnace or annealing furnace, be warming up to glass transition temperature, rely on the gravity of glass self to make glass form convex surface downwards, be down to subsequently room temperature or carry out the tempering processing, namely obtain to be shaped as upper and lower glass or the toughened glass of convex glass.
Described glass transition temperature is preferably 550 ℃～750 ℃.
The convex surface bow of described convex surface vacuum glass high shape and size and purposes decision by glass, under the prerequisite that satisfies opposing normal atmosphere and purposes, bow is high as small as possible, be advisable with 3 ~ 9mm when being used for the common door window glass, the space that 6 ~ 18mm is namely arranged between two blocks of glass, be equivalent to existing double glazing, under atmospheric pressure almost plane is best, to obtain preferably visual effect and to reduce the cost of described vacuum glass and the space that takies.
Because tempering and semi-tempered glass have higher intensity, so under identical shape and size, the convex surface of tempering or half tempered convex glass bow height can be less, tempering or half tempered convex glass can be more flat.Owing to utilize forming mould with upper and lower mould, glass clamp is relied on the moulding of exerting pressure between upper and lower mould, so convex glass has more regular shape, and prevent distortion in toughening process, so edge sealing is simpler, sealing property and intensity are also higher.
In the described vacuum layer, when high large, the convex shape that can rely on glass self of less or convex surface bow and intensity opposing normal atmosphere, can not establish upholder when the planar dimension of upper and lower glass; When upper and lower glass can not rely on the convex shape of self and during intensity opposing normal atmosphere, the upholder of a small amount of necessity should be set, upholder is resisted normal atmosphere jointly with glass.
Do not had stopping of upholder, transparency and the visibility of convex surface vacuum glass are better; Do not had the conduction of upholder, the heat insulation and sound-proofing properties of convex surface vacuum glass is better.
Above support is made by low temperature glass, metal, pottery, glass or plastics, preferred printing cryogenic glass powder or the low temperature glass solder of adopting prepares, the temperature of fusion of described cryogenic glass powder is 550 ~ 750 ℃, and the temperature of fusion of described low temperature glass solder is 350 ~ 550 ℃.
Above support be printed on one on glass, or be printed on two on glass, preferably be printed on two on glass.
Above support is column, or is strip; When upholder is printed on one when on glass, be preferably cylindric; When upholder is printed on two when on glass simultaneously, be preferably strip, and vertical pile.
Above support can be that minimum unit is the dot matrix arrangement of equilateral triangle, and the leg-of-mutton length of side is about 50～500mm, is preferably 100～300mm; When upholder is strip, its length is 0.3～5.0 mm, be preferably 0.5～2.0 mm, width is 0.1～2.0mm, be preferably 0.2～1.0mm, be 0.1～10.0mm highly, be preferably 0.2～3.0mm, the height of upholder can be higher than the edge band frame height 0～2.0mm, be preferably 0.1～0.5mm; When upholder is cylindric, its diameter is 0.1～3.0mm, be preferably 0.3～2.0mm, be 0.1～5.0 mm highly, be preferably 0.2～3.0mm, two blocks of glass closed sheet rear support thing position spatial altitude 0～0.3 mm, are preferably 0.1～0.2mm about the height of upholder can be higher than.
When described upper and lower glass all has the strip upholder, the upholder vertical pile supports, upholder is in the molten sintering process, the top becomes circle, the bottom broadens, and the top of upper lower-glass by upholder still is the some contact when connecting, and contacts for line or face between upholder and the glass, increased contact area, reduced the tension stress of glass in support place, thus the quantity of upholder can be reduced, thus further improve the transparency of glass, heat insulation and sound-proofing properties.
Described mode of printing comprises the modes such as mould printing, silk screen printing and printer printing; Described mode of printing comprises hardboard (net) printing and soft board (net) printing, and described hardboard (net) mainly is plate, the net that metallic substance is made, and described soft board (net) mainly is plate, the net that organic materials is made.
Above support can be printed before glass bending or behind the hot bending, preferably adopt hardboard (net) to print when printing behind the hot bending, hardboard (net) printing can make the top of upholder be on the plane, the impact on the glass planeness that brings to eliminate the glass bending distortion; When above support was printed behind glass bending, preferred low temperature glass solder was made.
The periphery of described upper glass face of weld has an edge band frame at least, and the periphery of described lower-glass face of weld has two edge band frames at least.
Described edge band frame is made by modes such as printing or sprayings, the preferred silk screen printing cryogenic glass powder that adopts is made, it is 550 ~ 750 ℃ glass glaze that described cryogenic glass powder is preferably commercially available melt temperature, can contain metal-powder in the described cryogenic glass powder, with the welding property of reinforcement with scolder; When described edge band frame prepares, can be once to finish, also can be repeatedly to finish.
Described mode of printing is to adopt silk screen printing or the methods such as mould printing or printer, and cryogenic glass powder is imprinted on the fin that formation on glass is raised in glass surface.
The height of described edge band frame is preferably 0.1～10mm, 0.5～2mm more preferably, and width is preferably 0.2～5mm, more preferably 1～2mm.
Can leave several aspirating holes on the described edge band frame, namely perpendicular to the edge band frame and along the equally distributed groove of edge band frame or slit, quantity determines that by the girth of upper and lower glass the about 50～500mm of spacing is advisable, and can seal described aspirating hole after described solder fusing; Also can not stay aspirating hole, the formed space, rough surface of the solder that utilization applies or the hole of Powdered solder can shorten the time that vacuumizes as the passage that vacuumizes but leave aspirating hole.
The edge band frame of described lower-glass is Duoed one than the edge band frame of described upper glass, be that described upper glass contains an edge band frame at least, described lower-glass contains two edge band frames at least, the edge band frame of described upper glass is inserted in the edge band frame of described lower-glass, the edge band frame of described upper and lower glass is entrenched togather mutually, and vacuum layer is carried out labyrinth seal; Described edge band frame when the upper surface of the intermediate glass of the vacuum glass with two vacuum layer, identical with described lower-glass, when the lower surface of described intermediate glass, identical with described upper glass.
Described solder is low melting point metal or solder, there are transition layer or described solder to contain the welding auxiliary material between described solder and the described glass, the preferred tin of described low melting point metal or solder or tin alloy, zinc or zinc alloy, magnesium or magnesium alloy, its shape or form are paste, Powdered, thread or paper tinsel shape.
The melt temperature scope of described low melting point metal or solder is 150～550 ℃, is preferably 280～380 ℃.
Described solder is mixed with the welding subsidiary material, such as low temperature glass solder, low melting point is inorganic or organic materials etc.
Between described solder and glass or the edge band frame transition layer is arranged, described transition layer has one deck, two-layer or multilayer, and described transition layer mainly is comprised of glass powder, metal powder or other additive such as binding agent etc., such as commercially available silver slurry etc.; Described transition layer can also form gradient material by the mode of repeatedly printing or spraying, is that main to change gradually metallographic phase into be main by glassy phase, guarantees adhesiveproperties and sealing property between metal and the glass.
Described transition layer is made by printing or the mode such as spraying, can print or spray once, twice or repeatedly, can be before glass tempering or the edge band frame carry out, also can carry out behind the glass tempering or after the curing of edge band frame before solidifying; Described transition layer contain dystectic metal powder such as aluminium powder appropriate to the occasion before glass tempering or the edge band frame make before solidifying, described transition layer contain low-melting metal powder such as glass putty appropriate to the occasion behind the glass tempering or the edge band frame making after solidifying; When described transition layer prepares before tempering or before the curing of edge band frame, contained glass powder preferred molten temperature is 550 ~ 750 ℃ commercially available glass powder with low melting point, when described transition layer prepared behind tempering or after the curing of edge band frame, contained glass powder preferred molten temperature was 350 ~ 550 ℃ commercially available low temperature glass solder.
Described upper glass, the material of lower-glass and intermediate glass is simple glass, or toughened glass, or semi-tempered glass, or low emissivity glass, or chilled glass (comprising physical strengthening and chemical enhanced), or heat-reflecting glass, or wire glass, or rolled glass, or hot melt glass, or the combination of above any two or three kinds of glass, more preferably tempering or semi-tempered glass, chilled glass and low emissivity glass further are preferably the combination of tempering or semi-tempered glass and low radiation tempering or semi-tempered glass, the combination of tempering or semi-tempered glass and low radiation chilled glass, the combination of tempering or semi-tempered glass and low emissivity glass.
Wherein, described vacuum edge sealing stove is normal reheating furnace, by the electric heating element heat temperature raising, comprises batch kiln and continuous furnace.
Wherein, described vacuum edge sealing stove is vacuum glass of a sealing-in at every turn, also can sealing-in polylith vacuum glass, namely realize the mass production of vacuum glass.
When the preparation be toughened glass the time, for solving the problem of annealing because welding temperature is too high, vacuum edge sealing stove can have basic heating system and local heating system, the basis heating system can adopt the mode of resistive heating such as nichrome wire, electrothermal tube, hot plate etc., or the mode that adopts circulating air to heat, with vacuum edge sealing furnace interior and glass heats to a basal temperature; The modes such as recycling resistive heating, infrared heating, LASER HEATING, Electromagnetic Heating, microwave heating are that local heating is carried out in the edge sealing position to the periphery of glass, reach the purpose that at short notice solder is heated to melting.
The scope of described basic Heating temperature is preferably 280～320 ℃, and the scope of melt temperature is preferably 380～470 ℃.
Because vacuum edge sealing stove and accessory has basic heating system and local heating system, the temperature of glass edge is rapidly heated to welding temperature, and tempering or semi-tempered glass are under lower basal temperature, in the long period and higher local temperature, in short time phenomenon can not occur significantly to anneal, so can guarantee to obtain tempering or half tempered vacuum glass.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The upper glass of convex surface vacuum glass of the present invention and lower-glass utilize the convex shape of glass to resist normal atmosphere, make two blocks of glass can not press together, keep the vacuum layer between two glass, have saved the very large upholder of making and installation difficulty; Do not had stopping of upholder, transparency and the visibility of vacuum glass are better; Do not had the conduction of upholder, the heat insulation and sound-proofing properties of vacuum glass is better; Convex configuration makes glass that higher ultimate compression strength and bending strength be arranged, and the resisting wind press capacity of vacuum glass is better; Convex configuration makes vacuum layer that larger space be arranged, and more can keep for a long time the life-span of vacuum state, vacuum glass longer, even lose vacuum, its performance also is better than general double glazing.
The making method of convex surface vacuum glass of the present invention is to utilize edge band frame and solder to finish the making of vacuum glass by printing upholder in vacuum edge sealing stove, vacuum glass upper, the periphery of lower-glass contains the edge band frame, so that the edge sealing of vacuum glass is easier, the mutual chimeric sealing effectiveness of glass under deformation that guaranteed of edge band frame up and down, have the bonding strength higher than solder between edge band frame and the upper lower-glass, sealing surface area and airtight layer thickness between the upper lower-glass have been increased, solved the uneven problem of sealing of existing edge of vacuum glass, sticking power and the adhesion strength of sealing-in have greatly been strengthened, on having increased, the tightness of vacuum layer between the lower-glass, improved the life-span of vacuum glass, and can save and make and the great bleeding point of sealing difficulty, realized that the single stage method mass prepares vacuum glass and toughened vacuum glass.
The introducing of edge band frame not only can limit solder and dissolve rear random flowing, make edge sealing neatly good-looking, and play good supporting role, make solder keep certain thickness, the reinforced seal effect, can provide height space for the upholder of low temperature glass solder preparation, prevent that upholder is crushed, can also eliminate the impact that the glass tempering distortion causes planeness, the more important thing is that its Heating temperature is high, with upper lower-glass more reliable bonding is arranged, surface irregularity, have more firmly with solder and to be combined, thereby improve resistance to air loss and the reliability of vacuum glass.
Adopt the edge band frame, can be easy to utilize low melting point metal or alloy to realize the solder bonding metal of vacuum glass, because the selectable scope of brazing temperature is very large, so not only can wholely heat glass, reduce the cost of process furnace and simplify production technique, and can decrease edge sealing temperature, shorten heat-up time, thereby reduce production costs, enhance productivity, the more important thing is to guarantee tempering or the semi-tempered glass phenomenon of in heat-processed, can not annealing, produce tempering or half tempered vacuum glass.
Make the solder that its melt temperature of cryogenic glass powder of edge band frame is used far above edge sealing, not only low price, performance are good, and with glass better bonding strength are arranged; After the edge band frame of upper lower-glass is mutually chimeric, not only reduced the edge sealing solder consumption, reduced the requirement to the edge sealing solder, and increased air retaining wall thickness, improved the sealing strength of upper lower-glass, the more important thing is to solve the sealing problem that the buckling deformation that produces because of glass brings in toughening process, thereby improve the qualification rate of product.
The mode of employing automatic edge sealing in vacuum edge sealing stove, save and make and very large bleeding point and the extraction pipe of sealing difficulty, simplify technological process, lowered production cost, shortened the production cycle, improved production efficiency, realized vacuum glass especially single stage method, the mass production of tempering or half tempered vacuum glass.
Vacuum glass prepared by this method and tempering or half tempered vacuum glass, good seal performance not only, and can suitability for industrialized production, the productivity of vacuum glass and greatly raising of qualification rate, production cost and selling price are significantly reduced.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is convex surface vacuum glass structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the convex surface vacuum glass structural representation with single upholder of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the convex surface vacuum glass structural representation with dual-gripper thing of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the convex surface vacuum glass structural representation of of the present invention pair of vacuum layer.
Among the figure: 1. upper glass, 2. lower-glass, 3. solder, 4. edge band frame, 5. upholder, 6. intermediate glass.
Embodiment
Below adopt embodiment and accompanying drawing to describe embodiments of the present invention in detail, how the utilisation technology means solve technical problem to the present invention whereby, and the implementation procedure of reaching technique effect can fully understand and implements according to this.
Embodiment 1: referring to Fig. 1, vacuum glass is comprised of two blocks of glass up and down, wherein one is low emissivity glass, its making method is as follows: at first according to the shape of made vacuum glass and one flat plate glass and low emissivity glass of size cutting desired size, carry out edging, chamfering, membrane removal, clean, after the drying, in the printing technology of utilizing on glass cryogenic glass powder cream is printed to the edge band frame, wherein upper glass has an edge band frame, lower-glass has two edge band frames, the size of upper glass edge band frame is between lower-glass edge band frame, after upper lower-glass closed sheet, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass; Commercially available silver slurry is printed or sprayed to upper lower-glass as transition layer in the position of edge band frame after drying; Secondly two blocks of glass are packed into mould, be placed in the bending furnace, be warming up to softening temperature 550-750 ℃ of glass, rely on the gravity of glass self to make glass form convex surface downwards, and be down to room temperature with stove; If edge band frame shape in sintering process changes, can make it smooth by mode such as turning, the grinding etc. of mechanical workout; Again fill the brazing metal glass putty or spread tinfoil paper or the tin silk between two edge band frames with lower-glass, two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, and leave bleed-off passage, send in the vacuum edge sealing stove; Vacuumize at last and heating operation, be evacuated to below the 0.1Pa, the melting temperature that is heated to metallic tin is above such as 240 ℃, the metallic tin fusing, the edge band frame of upper glass embeds under action of gravitation between the edge band frame of lower-glass, and the metallic tin of melting with two glass cementations together; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, brazing metal tin hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, opens fire door and obtains required vacuum glass.
The introducing of edge band frame not only can limit solder and dissolve and randomly flow, make edge sealing neatly good-looking afterwards, and play good supporting role, make solder keep certain thickness, reinforced seal effect, the more important thing is that its Heating temperature is high, with upper lower-glass more reliable bonding is arranged, surface irregularity, have more firmly with solder and to be combined, thereby improve resistance to air loss and the reliability of vacuum glass.In addition, the edge band frame also is the key that single stage method prepares vacuum glass.
Edge band frame behind the sintering is carried out mechanical workout can be solved the edge band frame affect problem attractive in appearance or that use because of the variation of volume and shape in the sintering curing process; Increase transition layer and can solve the poor problem of Weldability between glass and the metal.
Embodiment 2: referring to Fig. 2, one is low emissivity glass in two blocks of glass of vacuum glass, another piece is toughened glass or semi-tempered glass, its making method is as follows: at first according to the shape of made vacuum glass and one flat plate glass and low emissivity glass of size cutting desired size, carry out edging, chamfering, membrane removal, clean, after the drying, utilize spray gun that cryogenic glass powder cream is sprayed on two edge band frames of making on glass, wherein upper glass has an edge band frame, lower-glass has two edge band frames, the size of upper glass edge band frame is between two edge band frames of lower-glass, after upper lower-glass closed sheet, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between two edge band frames of lower-glass; Upper lower-glass is printed first or is sprayed the slurry that one deck contains cryogenic glass powder and print or spray the commercially available silver slurry of one deck as transition layer after drying in the position of edge band frame; Secondly upper glass is packed into mould, be placed in the bending furnace, be warming up to temperature 550-750 ℃ that glass softens, rely on the gravity of glass self to make glass form convex surface downwards, and be down to room temperature or be chilled to room temperature with stove and make it strengthen, obtain having the upper glass of edge band frame; With lower-glass pack into mould, send in the annealing furnace, at the high temperature action lower seal edge strip frame of 650 ~ 750 ℃ of annealing furnaces and glass sintering together, the pressure that dependence is applied on the mold makes glass rely on upper/lower die to form convex surface downwards, carries out immediately wind-cooling reinforcing, obtains tempering or semi-tempered glass; Adopt low temperature glass solder to utilize the woven wire of tensioning or expanded metal lath to print upholder at upper or lower-glass, make the top of upholder in one plane, to eliminate glass deformation to the impact of planeness, upholder is the circular or oval dot matrix arrangement that adapts with convex surface, can prepare several times, to adapt to the spatial variations of convex surface; Upholder is cylindric, and its height is a little more than the height of vacuum layer of living in; The fusing point of again packing between two edge band frames with lower-glass is 380 ℃ zinc alloy, zinc alloy be shaped as powder, cream, paper tinsel or silk, and two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, reserve bleed-off passage, send in the vacuum edge sealing stove, vacuum edge sealing stove and accessory has auxiliary heating system, and auxiliary heating system adopts far infra-red heater; Vacuumize at last and heating operation, after utilizing first basic heating system such as circulating air heating system that the temperature of vacuum edge sealing stove burner hearth is risen to 300 ℃, be evacuated to below the 0.1Pa, open again local heating system such as electrothermal tube with edge sealing place local heating to more than the melting temperature of zinc alloy as 390 ℃, zinc alloy is fused into liquid, the edge band frame of upper glass embeds under action of gravitation between two edge band frames of lower-glass, the zinc alloy scolder of melting with two glass cementations together, the simultaneously softening or melting of upholder and glass cementation is together up and down; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, the zinc alloy scolder hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, upholder also is integral with glass sintering up and down, opens fire door and obtains required vacuum glass.
Use low temperature glass solder to make upholder, can soften in the edge sealing process, solidify, upholder is printed on the upper glass, can adapt to well the variation of vacuum layer height under action of gravitation, guarantees upper lower-glass is connected as a single entity; Upholder is printed on the lower-glass, utilizes its slightly high height and can soften in the edge sealing process, also can guarantee upper lower-glass is connected as a single entity, and lower-glass is effectively supported; Utilize hard net (plate) to print upholder, glass that can the Automatic Levelling distortion guarantees the reliability that supports.
Make the solder that its melt temperature of cryogenic glass powder of edge band frame is used far above edge sealing, not only low price, performance are good, and with glass better bonding strength are arranged; After the edge band frame of upper lower-glass is mutually chimeric, not only reduced the edge sealing solder consumption, reduced the requirement to the edge sealing solder, and increased air retaining wall thickness, improved the sealing strength of upper lower-glass, the more important thing is to solve the sealing problem that the buckling deformation that produces because of glass brings in the hot bending process, thereby improve the qualification rate of product.
Because vacuum edge sealing stove and accessory has basic heating system and local heating system, the temperature of glass edge is rapidly heated to welding temperature, and tempering or semi-tempered glass are under lower basal temperature, in the long period and higher local temperature, in short time phenomenon can not occur significantly to anneal, so can guarantee to obtain tempering or half tempered vacuum glass.
Embodiment 3: referring to Fig. 3, two blocks of glass of vacuum glass are toughened glass or semi-tempered glass, wherein one or low emissivity glass, its making method is as follows: at first according to the shape of made vacuum glass and one flat plate glass and low emissivity glass of size cutting desired size, carry out edging, chamfering, membrane removal, clean, after the drying, at two nylon mesh that utilize on glass cryogenic glass powder cream is printed to the edge band frame, wherein upper glass has an edge band frame, lower-glass has two edge band frames, the size of upper glass edge band frame is between two edge band frames of lower-glass, after upper lower-glass closed sheet, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between two edge band frames of lower-glass; Secondly two blocks of glass are respectively charged in two forming moulds, this forming mould has mold and bed die, and glass clamp and can be exerted pressure and makes upper and lower mould closed between mold and bed die, thereby makes glass form convex surface; The forming mould that glass is housed is placed in the annealing furnace, is warming up to the softening temperature of glass, rely on the pressure that puts on the forming mould to make the glass in the forming mould form convex surface, remove immediately the mold cold tempering of sector-style of going forward side by side, obtain tempering or semi-tempered glass; Utilize the woven wire of tensioning or expanded metal lath to print upholder at employing low temperature glass solder on glass up and down, make the top of upholder in one plane, to eliminate glass deformation to the impact of planeness, upholder is that minimum unit is the dot matrix arrangement of equilateral triangle, upholder is strip, the upholder of upper lower-glass is orthogonal, and it is crosswise shape that upper lower-glass closes sheet rear support thing overlapping; Again will contain the mixture spraying of metallic tin powder and low temperature glass solder or be printed on edge band frame place as transition layer, fill solder tin magnesium alloy powder between the edge band frame with lower-glass or spread tin magnesium alloy paper tinsel or the tin Mg alloy wire, two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, reserve certain bleed-off passage, send in the vacuum edge sealing stove, vacuum edge sealing stove and accessory has basic heating system and local heating system; Vacuumize at last and heating operation, after utilizing first basic heating system such as electrothermal tube that the basal temperature of burner hearth is risen to 300 ℃, be evacuated to again below the 0.1Pa, recycling local heating system such as far infra-red heater with the temperature local heating of edge band frame to more than the melting temperature of tin magnesium alloy as 350 ℃, the fusing of tin magnesium alloy, the edge band frame of upper glass embeds between the edge band frame of lower-glass under action of gravitation, the tin magnesium alloy of melting with two glass cementations together, the upholder of upper lower-glass is softening to be in contact with one another, overlappingly be crosswise shape; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, the tin magnesium alloy hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, up and down upholder and up and down vitrification be integral, open fire door and obtain required vacuum glass.
Upper lower-glass all has the strip upholder, the upholder vertical pile supports, upper lower-glass still is the some contact by upholder, and contact for line or face between upholder and the glass, increased contact area, reduced the tension stress of glass in support place, thus the quantity of upholder can be reduced, thus further improve the transparency of glass, heat insulation and sound-proofing properties.
Adopt the double layer support thing not only can make upholder that larger height space is arranged, and can be simultaneously the planeness of two blocks of glass be up and down proofreaied and correct, more be conducive to obtain high planeness, make lower-glass obtain more reliable support.
Adopt the edge band frame, can be easy to utilize low melting point metal or alloy to realize the solder bonding metal of vacuum glass, because the selectable scope of brazing temperature is very large, so not only can wholely heat glass, reduce the cost of process furnace and simplify production technique, and can decrease edge sealing temperature, shorten heat-up time, thereby reduce production costs, enhance productivity, the more important thing is to guarantee tempering or the semi-tempered glass phenomenon of in heat-processed, can not annealing.
Embodiment 4: referring to Fig. 4, the upper lower-glass of vacuum glass is toughened glass or semi-tempered glass, intermediate glass is low emissivity glass, its making method is as follows: at first according to the shape of made vacuum glass and two blocks of sheet glass and low emissivity glass of size cutting desired size, carry out edging, chamfering, membrane removal, clean, after the drying, bonding surface at three blocks of glass utilizes the cryogenic glass powder cream that printing technology will contain metallic aluminium powder to be printed to the edge band frame, wherein upper glass has an edge band frame, the upper surface of intermediate glass has two edge band frame lower surfaces that an edge band frame is arranged, lower-glass has two edge band frames, the size of top edge band frame is between two following edge band frames, after upper, middle and lower glass closed sheet, top edge band frame can be embedded between two following edge band frames; Secondly two blocks of glass are respectively charged in two forming moulds up and down, glass clamp is between mold and bed die, the forming mould that glass is housed is placed in the annealing furnace, be warming up to the softening temperature of glass, the pressure that dependence puts on the forming mould makes the glass in the forming mould form convex surface, remove immediately the mold cold tempering of sector-style of going forward side by side, obtain tempering or semi-tempered glass; Intermediate glass directly advances High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, with edge band frame sintering on intermediate glass; Again evenly pack between two edge band frames with intermediate glass and lower-glass and contain the metallic zinc scolder that welds auxiliary material, and three glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, keep certain bleed-off passage, send in the vacuum edge sealing stove, vacuum edge sealing stove and accessory has basic heating system and local heating system; Vacuumize at last and heating operation, after utilizing first basic heating system such as hot plate that the basal temperature of burner hearth is risen to 330 ℃, be evacuated to below the 0.1Pa, recycling local heating system such as infrared heater with the temperature local heating at edge band frame place to more than the melt temperature of metallic zinc scolder as 430 ℃, the metallic zinc solder fusing, between two edge band frames below top edge band frame embeds under action of gravitation, the metallic zinc scolder of melting with three glass cementations together; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, the metallic zinc scolder hermetic welds together three blocks of glass, opens fire door and obtains required vacuum glass.
Can strengthen welding between edge band frame and the brazing metal with adding metal-powder in the edge band frame.
This intellecture property of primary enforcement that all are above-mentioned is not set restriction this product innovation of other forms of enforcement and/or novel method.Those skilled in the art will utilize this important information, and foregoing is revised, to realize similar implementation status.But all modifications or transformation belong to the right of reservation based on product innovation of the present invention.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not to be the restriction of the present invention being made other form, and any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be modified as the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations.But every technical solution of the present invention content that do not break away to any simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling that above embodiment does, still belongs to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention according to technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. vacuum glass, it is characterized in that comprising upper glass, lower-glass, described upper glass and described lower-glass are convex glasses, described upper glass and described lower-glass are simple glass or coated glass, the periphery of the face of weld of described upper glass and described lower-glass has the edge band frame, the periphery of described upper glass and described lower-glass welds together by solder, described solder is low melting point metal or solder, there are transition layer or described solder to contain the welding auxiliary material between described solder and the described glass, form the vacuum layer of a sealing between described upper glass and the described lower-glass.
2. vacuum glass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described vacuum glass also comprises an intermediate glass, described intermediate glass is flat glass, described intermediate glass is clipped between described upper glass and the described lower-glass, and described upper glass and described lower-glass form respectively the vacuum layer of two sealings with described intermediate glass.
3. vacuum glass according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described upper glass and described lower-glass or/and described intermediate glass has at least one to be tempering or semi-tempered glass.
4. according to claim 1 to 3 each described vacuum glass, it is characterized in that the periphery of described upper glass face of weld has an edge band frame at least, the periphery of described lower-glass face of weld has two edge band frames at least.
5. vacuum glass according to claim 4 is characterized in that described edge band frame adopts cryogenic glass powder to make by the mode of printing or spraying.
6. according to claim 1 to 5 each described vacuum glass, it is characterized in that in the described vacuum layer upholder being arranged, above support has one deck or two-layer.
7. vacuum glass according to claim 6 is characterized in that above support adopts low temperature glass solder to use hard reticulated printing to make.
8. according to claim 1 to 7 each described vacuum glass, it is characterized in that described transition layer has one deck, two-layer or multilayer, described transition layer is comprised of glass powder, metal powder and additive.
9. according to claim 1 to 8 each described vacuum glass, it is characterized in that containing in the described solder welding auxiliary material.
10. the making method of a vacuum glass, it comprises:
The first step according to the shape of the vacuum glass of required making and two blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after two processing utilizes cryogenic glass powder printing or spraying preparation edge band frame, and after guaranteeing upper and lower glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass, then the glass after two processing is packed into mould, be placed in bending furnace or the annealing furnace, be warming up to 550～750 ℃ of the softening temperature of glass, rely on gravity or the externally applied forces of glass self to make glass form convex surface downwards, and be down to room temperature or carry out the tempering processing with stove;
The 3rd step, the edge band frame place of the glass that second step is obtained prints or spraying transition layer or directly pack between the edge band frame and contain the solder that welds auxiliary material, and described two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, leave bleed-off passage between two glass, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step vacuumized and heating operation described vacuum edge sealing stove, was evacuated to below the 0.1Pa, was warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder; If vacuum edge sealing stove has the local heating system, then be heated to a basal temperature by basic heating system first after, restart the local heating system; Reach the edge sealing temperature, solder is fused into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, the edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually up and down; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required vacuum glass.
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