CN102942276A - Boiler feedwater treatment method and treatment system related to reuse of reclaimed water - Google Patents
Boiler feedwater treatment method and treatment system related to reuse of reclaimed water Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a boiler feedwater treatment method and a treatment system related to the reuse of reclaimed water. The treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out self-cleaning filtration on raw water with a conductivity of 500-1700muS/cm and then carrying out microfiltration, thus obtaining water with a fouling index being lower than 3, turbidity being equal to or lower than 0.05NTU and suspended solid concentration being smaller than 1mg/L; (2) carrying out pre-desalination through primary reverse osmosis and secondary reverse osmosis on the water obtained by microfiltration in step (1), thus obtaining water with the conductivity being smaller than 20muS/cm; and (3) by adopting a continuous electrodeionization method, carrying out deep desalination on the primarily desalinated water obtained by pre-desalination in step (2), thus obtaining desalinated water with conductivity being smaller than or equal to 0.2muS/cm. The treatment method is efficient and environment-friendly and has various advantages in the aspects of investment, operation and maintenance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of Boiler water Feeding System method and treatment system that relates to middle water reuse.
Background technology
Along with the continuous expansion of throughput and the continuous input of new production line, the demand of water resources is also grown with each passing day.Under water resources situation day by day in short supply, formulated a strict ton steel and consumed new water index.For this reason, company has strengthened the dynamics of sewage disposal and middle water reuse.Under this background, the research and development of the 1500000 tons of project assorted engineering 2 * 300MW of stainless steel generating set Boiler water Feeding System systems, waterborne in just naturally former water being set in.
The water source of traditional boiler feedwater adopts and draws yellow water, and its composition is equivalent to domestic water---tap water substantially, and specific conductivity is about 500 μ S/cm.Preparation technology mainly utilizes coagulating sedimentation+mechanical filter+cation bed+anion bed+mixed bed technique, produces de-mineralized water.Coagulation, clarification, filtration remove suspended substance and colloid, and ion exchange technique is removed various salt ions in the water, but there are two subject matters in it: the one, and the efficient of pretreatment system is not high, long flow path, floor space is large, and effect is unstable.The 2nd, ion exchange resin need discharge acidic and alkaline waste water in a large number with the regeneration of high density soda acid, particularly surpasses the middle water of 1000mg/L for saltiness, and its ion exchange regenerant is very frequent, and environmental pollution is serious, running cost is high.
In recent years, the microfiltration membrane utilization is more and more extensive, because of its flow process short, maintenance is little, shock resistance is strong, is fit to many-sided reasons such as water source of water quality relative mistake, the positive traditional boiler feedwater pretreatment method (mainly utilizing coagulating sedimentation+mechanical filter) of replacing.Reverse osmosis technology (RO) the at home and abroad application of water treatment field is also day by day ripe, has progressively substituted the multiple bed process that adopts ion exchange resin.Micro-filtration and reverse osmosis technology (RO) coupling then can farthest be brought into play reverse osmosis technology in the technical superiority aspect the sewage disposal.Continuous electrodeionization technology (CEDI) ratio of desalinization is high, stable water outlet, level of automation is high, concentrate operation, maintenance workload is few, use it for the boiler feed water system deep desalting, use in the past the many problems that run in the mixed bed with reducing greatly, to have eliminated simultaneously and used high density soda acid regenerative wastewater that ion exchange technique brings to the pollution of environment.
But so far, do not have a kind of technology, can realize higher effect in conjunction with the advantage of above-mentioned three kinds of technology, stable, save energy, and environmentally friendly process the water source that comprises the high middle water of saltiness, thus with middle water treatment for can be used in boiler feedwater.
Summary of the invention
In order to realize the centering water reuse, with the water source of middle water as boiler feedwater, thereby reduce the production cost of whole industrial chain and economize on resources, the present inventor has developed micro-filtration+two steps ro+continuous electrodeionization " full embrane method " Boiler water Feeding System method, with specific conductivity 1200～1700 μ S/cm, the water hardness is 5～10mmol/L approximately, the middle water treatment of silicon-dioxide 2000～8000 μ g/L is high-quality de-mineralized water, for 2 * 300MW subcritical boiler supplementary feed and other mesohigh waste heat boiler supplementary feed etc.
Under the purpose that strengthens sewage disposal and middle water reuse dynamics promotes, the contriver has carried out the research and development of the 1500000 tons of project assorted engineering 2 * 300MW of stainless steel generating set Boiler water Feeding System systems, in aiming under the prerequisite of water as former water, by contrasting new and old different process, consider for many kinds, final Application and Development " full embrane method " water treatment method of micro-filtration+two steps ro+CEDI, be specific conductivity≤0.2 μ S/cm with middle water treatment, hardness ≈ 0 μ mol/L, the high-quality de-mineralized water of silicon-dioxide≤20 μ g/L, thereby for 2 * 300MW subcritical boiler supplementary feed, two electric medium pressure boiler supplementary feed and new steel-making, new coking high pressure waste heat boiler supplementary feed etc.
Main thought of the present invention is: utilize various membrane separation techniques to make up the Boiler water Feeding System flow process of micro-filtration+two steps ro+CEDI, the de-mineralized water water preparation process that replaces traditional coagulating sedimentation+mechanical filter+cation bed+anion bed+mixed bed, and in the introducing Boiler water Feeding System system water source with middle water novelty.Wherein, micro-filtration is compared with traditional preconditioning technique, and it is better that it produces water water quality, can provide best protection for the downstream reverse osmosis membrane, becomes possibility so that sewage or waste water enter reverse osmosis desalination; Reverse osmosis then is the core of desalination in this technique, and it can remove the various ions more than 98%; CEDI replaces traditional mixed bed, need not to consume just continuous high purity water of soda acid, is the new technology of an environmental protection.
The present invention relates to a kind of water treatment method for boiler feed water system, may further comprise the steps:
(1) centering water carries out the micro-filtration processing;
(2) micro-filtration that step () micro-filtration is obtained produces water and carries out pre-desalting treatment;
And (three) carry out deep desalting treatment to the one-level de-mineralized water that the pre-desalting treatment of step (two) obtains by the continuous electrodeionization method, obtains final high-quality de-mineralized water.
The invention still further relates to a kind of water treatment system for boiler feed water system, comprise following apparatus:
(1) the following system that connects successively: microfiltration systems; Pre-desalination system; The continuous electrodeionization system.
(2) connect self-cleaning filter device before the microfiltration systems, the preferred unboiled water heating unit that connects before the self-cleaning filter device.Preferably, the chemicals addition control system is set before the micro-filtration, comprises coagulating agent and oxidizing bactericide.Micro-filtration arranges backwash and chemically-cleaning device.
(3) pre-desalination system comprises first-stage reverse osmosis device and second level reverse osmosis apparatus, preferably, is connected with second level reverse osmosis apparatus at the first-stage reverse osmosis device and connects respectively cartridge filter.Preferably, the chemicals addition control system is set all before the two-stage reverse osmosis system, the chemicals addition control system comprises hydrochloric acid, reductive agent and Scale inhibitors before the first-stage reverse osmosis system, and the chemicals addition control system comprises sodium hydroxide before the two-stage reverse osmosis system.Pre-desalination system is preferably shared a cover chemically-cleaning device.
(4) the continuous electrodeionization system arranges chemically-cleaning device.
The invention still further relates to a kind of water source treatment process of boiler feedwater, may further comprise the steps:
(1) raw water of specific conductivity 500～1700 μ S/cm carried out self-cleaning filtering, carry out again micro-filtration and process, obtain dirty stifled index＜3, turbidity≤0.05NTU, the water of suspended substance＜1mg/L; Preferred 5～the 10mmol/L of the water hardness of described middle water, preferred 2000～8000 μ g/L of silicon-dioxide;
(2) water that step () micro-filtration is obtained processes by first-stage reverse osmosis and pre-desalting treatment is carried out in the two-pass reverse osmosis processing, obtains the water of specific conductivity＜20 μ s/cm; The water free chlorine residual that step (two) obtains is preferred≤0.01mg/l, and Fe, Mn is preferred≤0.01mg/l, hardness is with CaCO
3Meter is preferred＜1mg/l, and silicon-dioxide is preferred≤0.5mg/l;
And (three) carry out deep desalting treatment to the water that the pre-desalting treatment of step (two) obtains by the continuous electrodeionization method, obtains the de-mineralized water of specific conductivity≤0.2 μ S/cm; The preferred ≈ 0 μ mol/L of the water hardness that described (three) step obtains, silicon-dioxide is preferred≤20 μ g/L.
Preferably, in use, over-burden for fear of cleaning unit, and the industrial fresh water that the middle water of the mass ratio with 30%～50% is blent respective amount obtains raw water.
The water that described treatment process obtains is used for the application of boiler feedwater.
" full embrane method " of the present invention technique is the scavenging process of " physics ", its efficient, environmental protection, and having many advantages aspect investing, moving, safeguard: high to removal of impurity, product water water quality is high; Greatly reduce the use of chemical agent, reduce secondary pollution; System is easy to automatization control, and reliability is high, moves simple and easy; Floor space is little; With conventional water treatment system appropriate litigation fees." full embrane method " technique is also explored a new road for middle water reuse in simple and direct, the efficient and environmental protection that realizes the Boiler water Feeding System method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of a kind of embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the self-cleaning filter work principle of filter schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the principle of reverse osmosis schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Be described in detail with following example as follows, yet, one skilled in the art will appreciate that protection scope of the present invention should not be confined to this.
According to the process flow sheet of Fig. 1, describe technique of the present invention in detail as follows:
The design of 1 water source
The water source of original boiler feed water system adopts and draws yellow water, and its composition is equivalent to domestic water---tap water substantially, and specific conductivity is about 500 μ S/cm, hardness 5～6mmol/L, silicon-dioxide 3000～4000 μ g/L.
For the water resources of saves valuable, realize the target of " zero new water ", water during the water source of full embrane method boiler feed water system of the present invention uses is preferably blent industrial fresh water, draws yellow water as alternate source; Two 1000m are set
3Underground tank as the equalizing tank of system buffer and different quality.The present invention the index of treatable water be: specific conductivity 500 ~ 1700 μ S/cm, the preferred 5～10mmol/L of the water hardness, preferred 2000～8000 μ g/L of silicon-dioxide.
Middle water is the water outlet after Sewage Treatment Facilities is processed, specific conductivity 1200 ~ 1700 μ S/cm, the preferred 5～10mmol/L of the water hardness, preferred 2000～8000 μ g/L of silicon-dioxide, COD
Mn17mg/L, saltiness and organic content all draw yellow water (COD
Mn4.2mg/L) higher.
Industrial fresh water is the water outlet after the smelting wastewater treatment facility is processed.Specific conductivity 700 ~ 1000 μ S/cm, the preferred 5～8mmol/L of the water hardness, preferred 2000～8000 μ g/L of silicon-dioxide.
Preferably, blend industrial fresh water with the middle water of weight 30%～50% and can realize efficient processing of the present invention.Yet method of the present invention is not limited only to above-mentioned middle water or blends the middle water of industrial fresh water, in fact can process all waste water of specific conductivity 500～1700 μ S/cm, the preferred 5～10mmol/L of the water hardness, preferred 2000～8000 μ g/L of silicon-dioxide.
2 technological designs
By to To Several Traditional Preconditioning Methods coagulation, clarification, filtration and micro-filtration pre-treatment, the Technological Economy of tradition yin, yang ion-exchange demineralization technology and reverse osmosis technology and mixed bed and CEDI continuous electrodeionization technology relatively, simultaneously for middle water water quality characteristics, adopting the membrane water treatment system of self-cleaning filter+micro-filtration+first-stage reverse osmosis+two-pass reverse osmosis+CEDI, is high-quality de-mineralized water with middle water treatment.
Self-cleaning filter+micro-filtration is pretreatment system, in order to remove suspended substance and colloid and part bacterium and the germ in the unboiled water.Than the coagulating sedimentation+mechanical filter in past, it is little that self-cleaning filter+micro-filtration has a volume, compact construction, and failure rate is low can effectively be removed algae remains, microorganism in the water, reduces the dosage of medicament, to advantages such as change of water quality adaptability are stronger.Through the dirty stifled index of the water of pretreatment system preferred＜3, turbidity is preferred≤0.05NTU, suspended substance is preferred＜1mg/L.
First-stage reverse osmosis+two-pass reverse osmosis is pre-desalination system, and in order to remove the most ions in the water, all bacteriums and germ make its effluent quality meet the requirement of CEDI influent quality.Than the ion exchange form of the cation bed+anion bed in past, reverse osmosis need not acid-alkali regeneration, without regenerated sewage, has reduced the discharging of a large amount of acid-alkali regeneration waste liquids, has reduced the pollution to environment; Can not shut down because of regeneration, can move continuously, the product water water conditioning; The desalination rate is high, reaches more than 98%; Level of automation is high, and workload is little, and personnel configure few convenient operation and management.Through electrical conductivity of water＜20 μ s/cm after the pre-desalination system, free chlorine residual (Cl
2) preferred≤0.01mg/l, Fe, Mn is preferred≤0.01mg/l, hardness is with CaCO
3Count preferred＜1mg/l, silicon-dioxide (SiO
2) preferred≤0.5mg/l.
Continuous electrodeionization is the deep desalting system, further except the dissolved salts in anhydrating, makes its effluent quality reach high purity water water quality, specific conductivity≤0.2 μ S/cm, and hardness ≈ 0, silicon-dioxide≤20 μ g/L.Than mixed bed, CEDI does not need to regenerate with chemical agent as deep desalting, has avoided the use of chemical agent operation, storage and waste water neutralized system, can be to environment; Ratio of desalinization is stabilized in〉99.5%, produce water water quality 0.056-0.10 μ s/cm(10-18 million); The silicon decreasing ratio is 95-98%, produce the water silicone content can＜10ppb; Floor space is minimum; Be convenient to realize automatization control; The assembling of employing cell modular, maintenance of equipment, replacing are conveniently; The operation rate of recovery high (being that the consumable water consumption is few) can reach 95%, and the dense water of discharging is recyclable.
3 water balances
According to each water unit's rate of water make-up, determine that the membrane water treatment station exerts oneself, finish water balance according to the rate of recovery of design.With 600m
3/ h is example, and design system total yield 65% needs former water 920m
3/ h.
4 cell locations:
4.1 pre-treatment
The technique of raw water heater+self-cleaning filter+micro-filtration is adopted in pre-treatment, configures simultaneously online medicine system.
Raw water heater: because Yuan Shui water source water temperature when winter is lower, and the optimal working temp of reverse osmosis is 25 ± 3 ℃.Hybrid heater is set for this reason, utilizes hot water that former water is heated, improve reverse osmosis in the winter rate of recovery.
Self-cleaning filter: remove the large granular impurities such as suspended substance in the former water, prevent that the microfiltration membrane original paper from scratching, and guarantees the normal operation of microfiltration systems.
The self-cleaning filter principle of work, with reference to shown in Figure 2:
Among the upper figure, wash water valve cuts out.Equipment is in filtration condition.P1>P2，P3=P1。
In figure below, wash water valve is opened, and causes the P3=normal atmosphere, P1〉P2〉P3.The very close filter screen of suction nozzle so that most of current flow into P3 via P2, thereby reaches the purpose of reverse cleaning filter screen.Obviously strainer can not stop when backwash.
The advantage of self-cleaning filter:
1) filtration medium is stainless steel filtering net, and work-ing life is more than 10 years.
2) filtration of suspended substance and anti-the cleaning are all finished automatically in the water.
3) backwash process of strainer only needed just finish in 5 ~ 15 seconds.In the backwash process, system's current are uninterruptedly supplied.
4) volume is little, only has 1/10th of husky filter, valveless filtering pool, more medium filter.Compact construction, failure rate is low.
5) in industrial circulating water, the filtering accuracy of filter screen is selected between 50 microns to 120 microns usually.If the filter screen precision is selected suitablely, can effectively remove algae remains in the water, microorganism etc.Correspondingly can reduce the dosage of medicament.
Medicine system:
1) sterilant medicine system
Micro-filtration water inlet water temperature contains organism and mineral substance near 25 ℃ in the former water, be beneficial to this understanding the growth of bacterium, adds sterilant in unboiled water for this reason, prevents that the bacterium amount reproduction from affecting the security of system operation.
2) flocculation agent medicine system
Consider and contain more colloid and macrobead suspended substance in the former water, adopt the method that adds flocculation agent to be removed.Flocculation agent can be hydrolyzed into colloid and high valence ion after dropping in the water, and these colloids and high valence ion utilize in its surface adsorption ability and water-borne glue surface electric charge and the moisture film that destroys colloid, and other impurity absorption, agglomerate in the water are formed the macrobead precipitation.In self-cleaning filter, be removed.Can better ensure the normal operation of micro-filtration.
Micro-filtration: for large size materials such as the thalline in effective removal unboiled water, colloid, particulate matter, organic macromolecules, adopt external-compression type hollow fiber microfiltration membrane assembly.Micro-filtration is divided into external-compression type and inner pressed by operation scheme.Suppose that the contamination level that external-compression type filters and inner pressed filters is certain, because the permeable membrane area that external-compression type filters is large, the load of the pollutent on the unit surface is little.And because resistance and the physical strength of film silk is high, system can carry out high-frequency backwash and air bump rinse operation, often keeps the cleaning on film surface, so system's operation that can maintain a long-term stability.
The micro-filtration principle: micro-filtration is to utilize microfiltration membrane to be filtration medium, under the promotion of pressure difference, and the process that " screening " effect by film separates.Generally at 0.1 μ m～1 μ m, micro-filtration is generally used for separating or removing relatively large particle in the aperture of microfiltration membrane, for example suspended substance, microorganism, bacterium.
The micro-filtration advantage: it is little that micro-filtration has floor space, and effluent quality is good, the level of automation high.It is the PVDF(polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) that microfiltration membrane adopts material) tubular fibre, its surface active layer is fine and close, supporting layer is spongy network structure, therefore withstand voltage, antipollution, long service life and can guarantee to produce water water quality for a long time.
In the membrane filtration processes, it is a problem that often runs into that film pollutes.The so-called macromole solutes such as particulate, colloidal particle, organism and microorganism that refer in the processed liquid and the film of polluting produces physics chemical action or mechanical effect and causes on the film surface or fenestra internal adsorption, precipitation diminish fenestra or stop up, and causes the permeable amount of film or the phenomenon of separating power decline.
For film is cleaned timely, be provided with air water backwash, maintainability cleaning and chemical cleaning system.
Back flushing: take pump as power, make water produce water end (W.E.) from micro-filtration and enter micro-filtration, get back to rinse bath from concentrated end.In order to prevent the microfiltration membrane physical abuse, the backwash pressure general control is at 0.1MPa, Clean after every time 30min.
Air purge: use the high velocity air backwash, the gel coat that the film surface can be formed is removed.
Matting: when the physical method cleaning can not make flux recovery, clean in conjunction with chemical agent.Namely utilize chemical substance such as soda acid, tensio-active agent, oxygenant etc. and pollutent generation chemical reaction to reach the purpose of cleaning.
In order to prevent that influent quality from worsening suddenly microfiltration membrane and subsequent film treatment facility are caused expendable infringement, configurable unboiled water water quality on-line monitoring instrument table (chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, nitre nitrogen, oil, turbidity), with continuous monitoring unboiled water change of water quality, timely adjust operation mode.
4.2 pre-desalination
Reverse osmosis: the core of desalination in the technique, it can remove the various ions more than 98%.
Principle of reverse osmosis: with reference to Fig. 3, left hand view is the situation under the state of nature, and water diffusion enters the strong solution side with the particle intensity of balanced solution through semi-permeable membranes, at trim point, and the permeable pressure head between the corresponding both sides of the difference of altitude between strong solution and dilute solution.Shown in right part of flg, when carrying out reverse osmosis, applying working pressure in water inlet (strong solution) side presses to overcome naturally osmotic, when the working pressure that is higher than the naturally osmotic pressure puts on the strong solution side, the flow direction of water molecules naturally osmotic will reverse, water molecules part in the water inlet (strong solution) is produced water by the purification that film becomes the dilute solution side, thereby is defined as reverse osmosis.
The relative ion exchange method of reverse osmosis technology has the following advantages:
1) need not acid-alkali regeneration, without regenerated sewage, must sewage treatment facility, reduce the discharging of a large amount of acid-alkali regeneration waste liquids, reduce the pollution to environment;
2) can not shut down because of regeneration, can move continuously, the product water water conditioning;
3) the desalination rate is high, reaches more than 98%, produces high purity water with the high yield water rate;
4) level of automation is high, and workload is little, and personnel configure few convenient operation and management;
5) floor space is little;
6) the operation and maintenance cost is low;
7) by adopting multilevel system can remove most ions in the water, all bacteriums and germ make its effluent quality meet the requirement of CEDI influent quality.
System configuration:
Produce water water quality, the requirement of CEDI influent quality, system's ratio of desalinization and the expectation rate of recovery according to required water production rate, unboiled water water quality, microfiltration systems, consider the membrane element cost, by film system design computed in software, can determine reverse osmosis system level section array mode.With 600m
3/ h DW system demineralized water system is example, adopts the two-stage two-part:
First-stage reverse osmosis system: be set to six groups, every group of 21 pressurized vessels, one section 14, two sections 7;
Two-stage reverse osmosis system: be set to six groups, every group of 14 pressurized vessels, one section 10, two sections 4.
In order to guarantee the reverse osmosis system safe and stable operation, cartridge filter, chemicals addition control system and online water quality monitoring instrument are set.
5 μ m precision safety strainers are set, prevent that reverse osmosis membrane from being scratched by trace suspension particle remaining in the water.
The reductive agent chemicals dosing plant is set, prevents that membrane element is by the strong oxidizing property material damage.
Acid adding is set and adds Scale inhibitors device, the fouling of controlling diaphragm element.
The instrument such as online SDI, ORP, PH, specific conductivity, temperature are installed, with the monitoring variation of water.
In order to reduce the carbon dioxide content in the CEDI water inlet, guarantee the efficient operation of CEDI, the import of first-stage reverse osmosis water tank is installed three decarbonizers and is removed carbonic acid gas in the water, the sodium hydroxide medicine system is set to regulate PH before the two-pass reverse osmosis, reduces secondary and produces water conductivity and carbon dioxide content.
Be in operation, first-stage reverse osmosis RO film inevitably is subject to some micro-inorganics dirts, pollution or the obstruction of colloid, microorganism, metal oxide etc.These electrodeposition substances will be cumulative on the film surface, thereby cause that RO film transit dose descends and ratio of desalinization reduces.Therefore, for transit dose and the desalting performance that recovers the RO film, need to regularly carry out matting to RO.
4.3 deep desalting
CEDI: continuous electrodeionization deep desalting system, further except the dissolved salts in anhydrating, make its effluent quality reach high purity water water quality, specific conductivity≤0.2 μ S/cm, hardness ≈ 0, silicon-dioxide≤20 μ g/L.
CEDI continuous electrodeionization principle: the CEDI technology is the product that ion-exchange and electrodialytic technique combine.The core of CEDI has been loaded anion and cation exchange resin in fact exactly in electrodialysis.In operational process, need not to add analytical pure salt and dense water circle device.
Can carry out simultaneously three main process in the CEDI operational process
1) under the DC electric field effect, ionogen is by ion-exchange membrane generation selective migration in the water;
2) anion-cation exchange resin is carrying out ion-exchange to ionogen in the water, and formation " ionic channel ";
3) H that polarization produces occurs in the ion exchange resin interfacial water
+And OH
-Exchange resin is carried out electrochemical regeneration.
CEDI is sequentially identical to the absorption order of ion with ion exchange resin to removing of ion.Simultaneously, the ion exchange resin in the CEDI assembly, along freshet to being divided into three aspects by its working order, the first layer is the saturated resin layer, and the second layer is the hybrid resin layer, and the 3rd layer is the protection resin layer.The saturated resin layer mainly plays absorption and moves the electrolytical effect of large section, and the hybrid resin layer is then being born removing as difficult ions of removing such as weak electrolytes of task, and protection resin layer resin then is in higher active state, and it plays a part final purified water.
The advantage of CEDI continuous electrodeionization desalting system:
1) do not need to regenerate with chemical agent, avoided the use of chemical agent operation, storage and waste water neutralized system, can be to environment;
2) running cost is usually low;
3) ratio of desalinization is stabilized in〉99.5%;
4) produce water water quality 0.056-0.10 μ s/cm(10-18 million);
5) the silicon decreasing ratio is 95-98%, produce the water silicone content can＜10ppb;
6) be 60-90% to the decreasing ratio of TOC;
7) floor space is minimum;
8) be convenient to realize automatization control;
9) operator's number reduces, and reduces human operational error's possibility;
10) adopt the cell modular assembling, maintenance of equipment, replacing are conveniently;
11) the operation rate of recovery high (being that the consumable water consumption is few) can reach 95%, and the dense water of discharging is recyclable.
The contriver carries out the secret test in its free factory, use middle water treatment method of the present invention to be applied to power plant's subcritical boiler supplementary feed, and compare with the method for prior art, respectively each important parameter of resulting water is separately compared, confirm that method of the present invention obtains better effect.
The source of following examples instrument and equipment is as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1 Boiler water Feeding System system major equipment
The raw materials used source of following examples is as shown in table 2 below:
Embodiment:
The former water of different quality (the middle water of 30% weight and the industrial fresh water of 70% weight, concrete water-quality guideline sees the following form shown in 3) at first enters two 1000m
3Underground tank as the equalizing tank of system buffer and different quality.Then be delivered to the film treatment plant via three (dual-purpose one is standby) raw water pumps, enter the micro-filtration system through raw water heater, chemical-dosing mixer, self-cleaning filter are laggard successively.
The water quality parameter of table 3 embodiment raw water
Raw water heater: because Yuan Shui water source water temperature when winter can be lower than 10 ℃, and the optimal working temp of reverse osmosis is 25 ± 3 ℃.Be provided with raw water heater for this reason, when carrying out heat exchange, saving water resource to greatest extent, the concrete parameter of well heater is as shown in table 4 below.
Table 4: heater parameter
| Model: | SCDZJS |
| Quantity: | 3 |
| Flow: | 500m 3/h |
| Heating steam pressure: | 0.8MPa |
| Steam consumption | 30m3/h |
| Heating temperature: | 25±3℃ |
| Type of heating: | The direct mixed heat transfer of carbonated drink |
| The Inlet and outlet water bore: | DN350 |
| The air inlet/outlet footpath: | DN300 |
| Control mode: | Automatic temperature-controlled |
| Material: | Carbon steel shell+brass core+Stainless Steel Helices |
| Pattern: | Hybrid |
Chemical-dosing mixer:
The sterilant medicine system: micro-filtration water inlet water temperature contains organism and mineral substance near 25 ℃ in the former water, be beneficial to this understanding the growth of bacterium, adds sterilant in unboiled water for this reason, prevents that the bacterium amount reproduction from affecting the security of system operation.
Flocculation agent medicine system: consider and contain more colloid and macrobead suspended substance in the former water, adopt the method that adds flocculation agent to be removed.Flocculation agent can be hydrolyzed into cotton-shaped macrobead flocks and high valence ion after dropping in the water, utilize its surface adsorption ability, in and water-borne glue surface electric charge and destroy the moisture film of colloid, other impurity absorption, agglomerate in the water are formed the macrobead precipitation.In self-cleaning filter, be removed.Can better ensure the normal operation of micro-filtration.
Self-cleaning filter: for removing the large granular impurities such as suspended substance in the former water, prevent that the microfiltration membrane original paper from scratching, guarantee the normal operation of microfiltration systems, 3 self-cleaning filters are set.Self-cleaning filter is selected AMIAD full-automatic filter CTF-M30, and design parameter is as shown in table 5 below.The filtration medium of self-cleaning filter is stainless steel filtering net, and aperture of filter screen is 100 microns, that is can filter the impurity such as suspended particle more than 100 microns or microorganism.
Table 5: self-cleaning filter parameter
| Filter the water yield: | 400m 3/ h(cover) |
| The rate of recovery: | ≥99.5％ |
| Produce water water quality: | Suspended particle size≤100 μ m |
| Filtration cycle: | 〉=2 hours |
| Backwash always lasts: | ≤ 15 seconds |
Micro-filtration: utilize microfiltration membrane to be filtration medium, under the promotion of pressure difference, " screening " effect by film separates, and the aperture of microfiltration membrane is generally at 0.51 μ m.Can remove the large size materials such as thalline in the unboiled water, colloid, particulate matter, organic macromolecule.Adopt external-compression type hollow fiber microfiltration membrane assembly, material is the PVDF(polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)), resistance to chlorine and physical strength are the highest.
Native system micro-filtration assembly is comprised of housing, tube sheet, end cap, flow-guiding screen, pipe core and tubular fibre, has stoste import, filtered liquid outlet and concentrated solution outlet to be connected with system.Its characteristics: the one, fiber directly is bonded on the Resins, epoxy tube sheet, without supporter, high film packing density is arranged, and volume is little and simple in structure, can reduce the possibility of bacterial contamination, simplifies cleaning operation.The 2nd, leak detection is repaired convenient, and rejection is stable, long service life.The design parameter of micro-filtration assembly is as shown in table 6 below.
Table 6: micro-filtration component parameter
Micro-filtration produces water and delivers to two 800m via producing the jellyfish pipe
3Micro-filtration produce in the water tank.The micro-filtration water tank exports female pipe and links to each other with the one-level lift pump, after promoting via the one-level lift pump, sends into the first-stage reverse osmosis system after chemicals addition control, cartridge filter, high-pressure pump.
First-stage reverse osmosis chemicals addition control system: reductive agent dosing (NaHSO is set
3) device, prevent that membrane element from being destroyed by strong oxidizing property material (such as chlorine residue).Acid adding is set and adds Scale inhibitors (organophosphorus) device, the fouling of controlling diaphragm element.
The one-level cartridge filter: 5 μ m precision safety strainers are set, prevent that reverse osmosis membrane from being scratched by trace suspension particle remaining in the water, every array apparatus arranges a precision safety strainer, in-built 70 5 μ mPP filter cores.
The first-stage reverse osmosis system: reverse-osmosis membrane element is selected the BW30-400/34i of DOW company membrane element.Be set to six groups, every group of 21 pressurized vessels, one section 14, two sections 7,7 membrane elements of every pressurized vessel filling.
The first-stage reverse osmosis system produces water behind the decarbonizing tower removing carbon dioxide, enters two 200m
3Intermediate water tank.Then again after the two-stage hoisting pump promotes, after chemicals addition control, cartridge filter, high-pressure pump, send into two-stage reverse osmosis system.
Decarbonizing tower: in order to reduce the carbon dioxide content in the CEDI water inlet, guarantee the efficient operation of CEDI, the import of first-stage reverse osmosis water tank is installed three decarbonizers and is removed carbonic acid gas in the water, reduces secondary water inlet sodium hydroxide concentration and carbon dioxide content.Water is broken up from decarbonizing tower top spray and is entered decarbonizing tower, air passes into from the decarbonizing tower bottom by gas blower, because the gas concentration lwevel in the water is high, according to Henry's law, carbonic acid gas stripping in the water in air, thereby remove the purpose of carbonic acid gas in the water on acquiring a certain degree.
Two-pass reverse osmosis chemicals addition control system: in order to reduce the carbon dioxide content in the CEDI water inlet, guarantee the efficient operation of CEDI, the two-pass reverse osmosis water inlet arranges the sodium hydroxide medicine system, thereby is that the bicarbonate ion form is removed with residual carbon dioxide conversion.
The secondary cartridge filter: 5 μ m precision safety strainers are set, prevent that reverse osmosis membrane from being scratched by trace suspension particle remaining in the water, every array apparatus arranges a precision safety strainer, in-built 60 5 μ mPP filter cores.
Two-stage reverse osmosis system: reverse-osmosis membrane element is selected the BW30-400/34i of DOW company membrane element.Be set to six groups, every group of 14 pressurized vessels, one section 10, two sections 4,7 membrane elements of every pressurized vessel filling.
Two-stage reverse osmosis system produces water and enters two 200m
3The secondary water tank, then enter the CEDI system via EDI lift pump, cartridge filter.
The CEDI system: adopting the CEDI continuous electrodeionization is the deep desalting system, further except the dissolved salts in anhydrating, makes its effluent quality reach high purity water water quality, specific conductivity≤0.2 μ S/cm, and hardness ≈ 0, silicon-dioxide≤20 μ g/L.
The CEDI technology is the product that ion-exchange and electrodialytic technique combine.The core of CEDI has been loaded anion and cation exchange resin in fact exactly in electrodialysis.Native system adopts the CEDI of American I/O NPIURE.This CEDI is that unique deep or light hydroecium all adds the CEDI of ion exchange resin in the world.(CEDI of other brands must improve to salt adding in the dense water its specific conductivity because dense hydroecium does not add resin, improves the desalination effect to need not to add analytical pure salt and dense water circle device in operational process.Fouling and pollution problem occur for fear of the equipment long-time running, employed purity salt is necessary for analytical pure.Because the higher meeting of CEDI running voltage brine electrolysis adds salt and can produce chlorine and hydrogen, ventilates as not noting, easily causes danger).
Can carry out simultaneously three main process in the CEDI operational process:
Under the DC electric field effect, ionogen is by ion-exchange membrane generation selective migration in the water;
Anion-cation exchange resin is carrying out ion-exchange to ionogen in the water, and formation " ionic channel ";
The H that polarization produces occurs in the ion exchange resin interfacial water
+And OH
-Exchange resin is being carried out electrochemical regeneration.
The water inlet of the IP-LX mould heap that the present embodiment adopts requires as shown in table 7 below.
The water inlet requirement of table 7:IP-LX membrane stack
| The water inlet source | The RO product water |
| The suitable specific conductivity of water inlet (comprises CO 2) | <40μS/cm |
| Silicon-dioxide (SiO 2) | <1ppm |
| Iron, manganese, sulfide | <0.01ppm |
| Total chlorine is (with Cl 2Meter) | <0.02ppm |
| Total hardness is (with CaCO 3） | <1.0ppm |
| The organism (TOC) of dissolving | <0.5ppm |
| Operation pH scope | 4-11 |
| Operating temperature | 5-45°C |
| Intake pressure | <7bar |
Product water via after the CEDI system advanced treatment is high-quality de-mineralized water, delivers to two 2000m by producing the jellyfish pipe
3Sweet-water tank, establish floating roof in the sweet-water tank, prevent that carbonic acid gas from dissolving in and air plankton pollutes.
Reference examples
The pretreatment mode of tradition coagulating sedimentation+mechanical filter, its effluent quality is difficult to satisfy reverse osmosis to the strict demand of influent quality, can't be used in conjunction with reverse osmosis at all.The self-cleaning filter of the embodiment of the invention+microfiltration membrane technology is done pretreatment mode and is then provided guarantee for the water inlet of reverse osmosis.Can be verified from the data of following table 8 and table 9, the micro-filtration of embodiment produces the dirty stifled index of water and reaches＜and 3, turbidity reaches 0.02NTU, free chlorine residual (Cl
2)＜0.1mg/l, dirty stifled index (SDI)＜4, COD chemistry oxygen consumption (KMnO
4Method) (O
2)＜3mg/l, meet the water inlet requirement of reverse osmosis membrane fully, and the suspended substance＜1mg/L that records, be better than traditional water outlet＜5mg/L, the water quality that the pretreatment mode of visible traditional coagulating sedimentation+mechanical filter obtains can't satisfy the water inlet requirement of first-stage reverse osmosis device.
Table 8: first-stage reverse osmosis device influent quality requirement
Table 9: water water quality is produced in pre-treatment
The detection method of water-quality guideline is as shown in table 10 below.
Table 10: the detection method of water-quality guideline, instrument, model and the GB that relates to.
Each stage technique index of embodiment is as shown in table 11 below.
Table 11: each system's water-quality guideline and operating performance
Micro-filtration produces the water water-quality guideline
| Project | Unit | Index |
| Dirty stifled index SDI | ? | <3 |
| Turbidity A | NTU | <0.2 |
| Ss suspended solid | mg/l | <1 |
| Water production rate | m 3/h | 138m 3/h |
| The rate of recovery | ? | ≥90％ |
First-stage reverse osmosis water inlet index request
| Project | Unit | Index |
| The pH value | ? | 4-11 (pH=2 during matting～12) |
| Turbidity | NTU | ﹤ 0.2NTU is ﹤ 1.0NTU in short-term |
| Dirty stifled index (SDI) | ? | ﹤4 |
| Free chlorine residual | mg/l | ﹤ 0.1 is controlled to be 0.0 |
| COD chemistry oxygen consumption KMnO 4Method) (O 2) | mg/l | ﹤3 |
| The first-stage reverse osmosis ratio of desalinization | ? | ＞98% |
| The first-stage reverse osmosis rate of recovery | ? | ≥75% |
The two-pass reverse osmosis effluent index
| Project | Unit | Index |
| Specific conductivity | μS/cm | <20μS/cm |
| PH value | ? | 6～8 |
| Hardness is (with CaCO 3Meter) | mg/l | <1.0mg/l |
| Free chlorine | mg/l | <0.01mg/l |
| Iron | mg/l | <0.01mg/l |
| Manganese | mg/l | <0.01mg/l |
| Water production rate | m 3/h | ≥111m 3/ h(cover) |
| The rate of recovery | ? | ≥90% |
| Ratio of desalinization | ? | ≥90% |
The EDI index request of intaking
| Project | Unit | Index |
| Free chlorine residual (Cl 2) | mg/l | ≤0.05mg/l |
| Fe,Mn | mg/l | ≤0.01mg/l |
| Hardness is (with CaCO 3Meter) | mg/l | <1mg/l |
| Silicon-dioxide (SiO 2) | mg/l | ≤0.5mg/l |
| PH | ? | 5～9 |
| Feedwater conductivity | μs/cm | <40μs/cm |
EDI effluent quality index
| Project | Unit | Index |
| Silicon-dioxide (SiO 2) | μg/L | ≤20μg/L |
| Specific conductivity (25 ° of C) | μS/cm | ≤0.2μS/cm |
| Hardness is (with CaCO 3Meter) | mg/l | ≈0 |
| Water production rate | ? | Normal water production rate 〉=100m 3/ h(cover) |
| The rate of recovery | ? | ≥90% |
The technical process of this project is simple and direct, and level of automation is high, and the maintenance personnel is few, and is simple to operate, stable.Because water is as the water source in using, this project high purity water production cost is 2.774 yuan/m only
3, compare domestic similar technical finesse cost lower.
Effect assessment: can draw from above test-results, " full embrane method " Boiler water Feeding System method by micro-filtration+two steps ro+CEDI structure, scientific and reasonable, stable equipment operation, effluent quality is high, the overall operation effect is better than traditional technology, so to apply to middle water treatment be that high-quality de-mineralized water is more successful.
Application in practice
The 1500000 tons of project assorted engineering 2 * 300MW of stainless steel generating set Boiler water Feeding System systems began experimental study and put into operation from March, 2008, unit's monthly output water in 2009, and all go into operation in April, 2009.Adopt " full embrane method " water treatment method of micro-filtration+two steps ro+CEDI.
After the operation, according to micro-filtration and reverse osmosis membrane running condition, the water yield in progressively increasing.From beginning not enough kiloton every day, the water usage quantity surpasses 7000 tons in 2010 4 months, produces the water water yield, water quality reaches design requirements.
The CEDI effluent quality:
| Project | Water quality |
| Silicon-dioxide (SiO 2) | 2.0μg/L |
| Specific conductivity (25 ° of C) | 0.06μS/cm |
| Hardness is (with CaCO 3Meter) | ≈0mg/l |
Since going into operation, whole engineering process is reasonable, and equipment, facility operation are stablized, and product water water quality is high.Level of automation is high, and the backwash of micro-filtration, reverse osmosis, matting all realize automatic control, and worker's labour intensity is little, and the maintenance of the equipment amount is few.After the project implementation, every day, reuse water was 0.72 ten thousand ton, process through full embrane method, produce 1.1 ten thousand tons of high-quality de-mineralized waters, be that 2 * 300MW subcritical boiler, two electric boilers, new steel-making, new coking high pressure waste heat boiler and company's de-mineralized water pipe network provide high-quality de-mineralized water, guaranteed that the safety and economic operation of generating set and company's high-end product to the requirement of water quality, have reduced the draining of boiler water yield and blowdown thermosteresis, saved fire coal.Simultaneously, reduce 0.72 ten thousand ton and drawn the yellow water buying, reduced also that water effluxes in 0.72 ten thousand ton, alleviated the problem of water resources anxiety, improved Taiyuan City's water system quality, for energy-saving and emission-reduction, improve environment and make positive contribution, produce huge economy and environment benefit, realized the target of enterprise and city harmonious development, Green Development.
Economic benefit
Cost composition:
Reuse water was 1366818 tons in 2009, and 0.6 yuan/ton in middle water draws 3.8 yuan/tons of yellow waters;
Save cost: (3.8-0.6) * 1366818=437 is ten thousand yuan;
Two electric boiler blow-down rates drop to 5% by 10%, and steam is in 100 yuan/tons, and the boiler average evaporation capacity is by 600t/h;
Save ten thousand yuan of the * 24*365=2628 of cost: 600t/h*5%*100 unit.
The wound effect was 3,065 ten thousand yuan in 2009.
Reuse water was 2300974 tons in 2010,0.6 yuan/ton in middle water, 3.8 yuan/tons of Huanghe water;
Save cost: (3.8-0.6) * 2300974=736 is ten thousand yuan
Two electric boiler blow-down rates are reduced to 5% by 10%, and steam is in 130 yuan/tons, and the boiler average evaporation capacity is by 600t/h;
Yuan 600t/h(steam) * 5% * 130 * ten thousand yuan of 24 * 365=3416.
The wound effect was 4,152 ten thousand yuan in 2010.
Created effect in 2009,2010: 7,217 ten thousand yuan of accumulative total wound effects.
After CCPP unit, newly steel-making and new coking high pressure waste heat unit adopt de-mineralized water as boiler feedwater, greatly improved the Unit Steam Water quality, reduced the metallic corrosion of unit heat power equipment, reduced the fouling salification of unit, prolong unit durability, improved security and the economy of unit operation.
Social benefit
1) development of Steel Plant constantly increases the demand of the water yield, but underground water and to draw the yellow water amount limited can't satisfy scale and rapidly enlarge demand to water, and the restriction of shortage of water resources to scale development alleviated in this project implementation.
2) water reaches the high purity water water quality standard after processing through full embrane method in, for good water sources is provided, for the updating and upgrading of a product provides energy safeguard.
3) Boiler water Feeding System of water reuse is that water rich and influential family's thermal power generation corporations have opened up second water source in the full embrane method, is the electric power enterprise energy-saving and emission-reduction, and cleaner production provides successful case.
4) water is back to production in, has reduced the quantity discharged of urban pollutant, alleviates the pressure of municipal sector, has improved Taiyuan City's water body environment, realizes energy-saving and emission-reduction, and cleaner production reaches the target of enterprise and city harmonious coexistence.
Claims (8)
1. the water treatment method of a boiler feedwater is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) raw water of specific conductivity 500～1700 μ S/cm carried out self-cleaning filtering, carry out again micro-filtration and process, obtain dirty stifled index＜3, turbidity≤0.05NTU, the water of suspended substance＜1mg/L; Preferably, the water hardness 5～10mmol/L of described raw water, silicon-dioxide 2000～8000 μ g/L;
(2) water that step () micro-filtration is obtained processes by first-stage reverse osmosis and pre-desalting treatment is carried out in the two-pass reverse osmosis processing, obtains the water of specific conductivity＜20 μ s/cm; The water free chlorine residual that step (two) obtains is preferred≤0.01mg/l, and Fe is preferred≤0.01mg/l, and Mn is preferred≤0.01mg/l, hardness is with CaCO
3Meter is preferred＜1mg/l, and silicon-dioxide is preferred≤0.5mg/l;
And (three) carry out deep desalting treatment to the water that the pre-desalting treatment of step (two) obtains by the continuous electrodeionization method, obtains the de-mineralized water of specific conductivity≤0.2 μ S/cm; The preferred ≈ 0 μ mol/L of the water hardness that described (three) step obtains, silicon-dioxide is preferred≤20 μ g/L.
2. water treatment method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the used raw water of described step () is that the middle water of 30%～50% mass ratio is blent industrial fresh water and obtained, wherein, preferred 5～the 10mmol/L of the water hardness of described middle water, preferred 2000～8000 μ g/L of silicon-dioxide; Specific conductivity 700 ~ 1000 μ S/cm of described industrial fresh water, the preferred 5～8mmol/L of the water hardness, preferred 2000～8000 μ g/L of silicon-dioxide.
3. water treatment method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, comprises the unboiled water heating steps before the described self-cleaning filtering step.
4. such as each described water treatment method of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that, the micro-filtration of described step () is processed and is comprised continuous dosing adjusting, backwash, air bump rinse operation and matting step.
5. such as each described water treatment method of claim 1～4, it is characterized in that, the pre-desalting treatment step of described step (two) comprises continuous dosing adjusting and matting step.
6. the water treatment system of a boiler feedwater is characterized in that, comprises the following system that connects successively: unboiled water heating unit, self-cleaning filtering equipment, microfiltration equipment; First-stage reverse osmosis equipment, second-level reverse osmosis device; Continuous electrodeionization method equipment.
7. water treatment system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, is connected with second level reverse osmosis apparatus at the first-stage reverse osmosis device to connect respectively security personnel's filter plant, and the filter membrane aperture preferably is not more than 5 μ m.
8. the water that obtains such as each described water treatment method of claim 1～5 is used for the application of boiler feedwater.
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Address after: 030003, Shanxi, Taiyuan, pointed lawn area, lawn street, No. 2 Patentee after: Shanxi Taigang Stainless Steel Co.,Ltd. Address before: 030003 No. 2, sharp lawn, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province Patentee before: Shanxi Taigang Stainless Steel Co.,Ltd. |