CN102936724B - Method for reinforcing nickel-base alloy layer on aluminum alloy surface - Google Patents
Method for reinforcing nickel-base alloy layer on aluminum alloy surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN102936724B CN102936724B CN201210479338.0A CN201210479338A CN102936724B CN 102936724 B CN102936724 B CN 102936724B CN 201210479338 A CN201210479338 A CN 201210479338A CN 102936724 B CN102936724 B CN 102936724B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reinforcing a nickel-base alloy layer on an aluminum alloy surface, which comprises the following steps: doping rare earths La and Ce in a certain proportion into nickel-base alloy powder, and carrying out laser surface cladding to obtain a metallurgically-bonded high-hardness high-wear-resistance high-corrosion-resistance nickel-base alloy layer on the aluminum alloy surface. The hardness of the nickel-base alloy layer is up to 1350HV, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance are respectively doubled as compared with the prior art. The invention has an important function on widening the application range of the aluminum alloy and expanding the application of the aluminum alloy in the high technology field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technological method aluminum alloy surface being carried out to modification, especially a kind of enhancement method adding the nickel-base alloy layer on aluminum alloy surface of rare earth element.
Background technology
As everyone knows, aluminium alloy has that density is little, thermal expansivity is low, specific rigidity and specific tenacity is high, heat-conductivity conducting is good, many excellent properties such as solidity to corrosion and good moldability, therefore very extensive in the application of the various fields such as aerospace, automobile, household electrical appliances, advanced manufacture, electric power electric, but with regard to the character of aluminium alloy, also have that hardness is relatively low, frictional coefficient is higher and owing to wearing no resistance, contact surface is difficult to lubricate the shortcoming that institute causes easily wearing and tearing scuffing, this limits the use range of aluminium alloy to a certain extent.In recent years, improve the extremely people's concern of aluminum alloy surface character by aluminum alloy surface ceramic technology, this technology effectively can strengthen the wear resisting property of aluminum alloy surface and the ability of opposing damage scuffing, can improve the performance condition on the surface of aluminium alloy to some extent.This technology has multiple method at present, and conventional have rare-earth conversion coatings, plasma micro-arc oxidation, ion implantation, vapour deposition, plating, anodic oxidation, laser surface intensified etc.Though front several method can improve the corrosion-resistant of aluminum alloy surface and wear resisting property, but the strengthening layer obtained thinner (only having a hundreds of micron), mechanical bond interface or diffusion-bonded interface is belonged between its strengthening layer and matrix, bonding strength is not high, therefore wear resistance is still not high, the situation such as also easily produce cracking, come off.Although and use more anonizing technique simple, but continuous print oxide film can not be formed on aluminum matrix composite, can not play effective preservative activity to matrix, and the chromic salt toxicity produced in producing is very large, easily produces severe contamination and endanger the health of people to environment.
In above-mentioned several enhancement methods, laser surface intensified method makes aluminium alloy obtain one of effective ways of higher surface hardness and excellent anticorrosive anti-wear performance, and the method also has efficiently, free of contamination feature, it is one of method having better application prospect at present, but in the prior art, aluminum alloy surface laser treatment method is mainly at aluminum alloy surface cladding copper base, Ni-based and ferrous alloy or matrix material, although this can significantly improve aluminum alloy surface wear-corrosion resistance, but important and essential domains at some, the character of this aluminium alloy cladding layer, particularly its hardness and wear resisting property still can not meet technique and service requirements.For improving the performance of this aluminum alloy surface cladding coating further, some R&D institutions and department take in cladding coating, add the way that some rare earth element makes coat alloying, test shows, it has very significant effect to the surface hardness and surface abrasion resistance corrosion resisting property that improve aluminium alloy, and is just becoming one of important method strengthening Alloy Cladding on Al Surface by Laser coating performance.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the enhancement method proposing a kind of nickel-base alloy layer on aluminum alloy surface, a certain proportion of rare earth La and Ce mix in Co-based alloy powder by the method, utilize the special property of these rare earth elements to improve the performance of nickel-base alloy, and by cladding laser surfaces technology, aluminum alloy surface is obtained in the high rigidity of metallurgical binding and the nickel base alloy layer of high abrasion erosion resistance.
For achieving the above object, the enhancement method that the present invention contains the nickel-base alloy layer on aluminum alloy surface of rare earth element comprises following step:
1, first aluminium alloy matrix surface is processed, the oxide film of aluminium alloy matrix surface is eliminated by machinery and chemical mixing method, its technological process be with sample abrasive paper for metallograph to aluminum alloy surface roughly grind → surface sand-blasting polishing → ultrasonic cleaning → chemical reagent cleans → dries up, wherein chemical reagent cleaning alloy matrix aluminum is put into NaOH solution soak certain hour.
2, the nickel-base alloy cladding material of configuration containing rare earth La, Ce: this nickel-base alloy cladding material proportioning is measured by weight percentage, wherein mixes rare earth La, Ce is 0.5% ~ 6.5%, other composition material powder that all the other are nickel-base alloy; Above-mentioned cladding material powder is fully mixed, after ball mill grinding, adds alcohol binding agent, stir into a paste, be then evenly coated in aluminium alloy matrix surface with brush, and make coat reach setting thickness, after naturally drying, then carry out drying and processing.
3, the alloy matrix aluminum boning above-mentioned cladding layer material is loaded in argon shield reaction vessel; and protective reaction container is contained on the worktable of the numerical control machine tool can doing three-dimensional motion; 99.999% high purity argon is injected subsequently to protective reaction container; and certain time, make it the air got rid of as far as possible in reaction vessel.
4, weave numerical control program according to predetermined laser cladding technological parameter, start the working routine of numerically-controlled machine, start CO simultaneously
2laser apparatus carries out Laser Cladding Treatment to aluminium alloy cladding layer, and allow laser beam according to the cladding layer on predetermined work program scanning aluminium alloy matrix surface, the overlapping rate that its multiple tracks is scanned is 25% to 30%.By the high temperature cladding of laser beam, the above-mentioned coated material of aluminum alloy surface and alloy matrix aluminum is made to be metallurgical binding.
In the present invention, nickel-base alloy cladding material containing rare earth La, Ce consists of: rare earth La and Ce 0.5% ~ 6.5%, C:0.6% ~ 1.0%, Si:2.0% ~ 4.0%, W:3.0% ~ 8.0%, Cr:10.0% ~ 20.0%, Fe<15.0%, all the other are Ni, impurity <1.0%.
The processing parameter of laser melting coating is: working gas is CO
2, N
2, He(purity 99.999%) mixture, ratio is 1 ~ 5:10 ~ 20:20 ~ 40, wherein CO
2gas volume is 0.4KPa ~ 0.6 KPa; Laser power 2KW ~ 6KW; Spot diameter 1mm ~ 6mm; Laser scan rate 20 ~ 200mm/min.
Advantage of the present invention is: the method adopts cladding laser surfaces technology, a certain proportion of rare earth La and Ce are mixed in Co-based alloy powder, aluminum alloy surface can be made to obtain in the high rigidity of metallurgical binding and the nickel base alloy layer of high abrasion erosion resistance, hardness can reach 1350HV, wear resistance and corrosion resistance nature, comparatively prior art doubles respectively.This is to the range of application expanding aluminium alloy, and expanding the application of aluminium alloy in leading-edge field will play an important role.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The enhancement method of the nickel-base alloy layer on aluminum alloy surface of rare earth La and Ce is contained according to the present invention, its first embodiment has the following steps: first carry out surface treatment to alloy matrix aluminum, treatment process takes machinery and chemical mixing method to eliminate the oxide film of aluminum alloy surface, its technical process uses sample abrasive paper for metallograph corase grind → surface sand-blasting polishing → ultrasonic cleaning → chemical reagent to clean → dry up, wherein chemical reagent cleaning be alloy matrix aluminum is put into 70 DEG C NaOH solution immersion 3 minutes again taking-up dry up.
The aluminum alloy surface nickel-base alloy cladding material of preparation containing rare earth La, Ce, this nickel-base alloy cladding material proportioning is measured by weight percentage, its composition is respectively: rare earth La, Ce account for 3.5%, C0.7% ~ 0.8%, Si3.0% ~ 3.5%, W3.5% ~ 6.5%, Cr12% ~ 16%, Fe<15%, all the other are Ni, impurity <1%.Mixed by above-mentioned powder, loading ball mill ball milling takes out after 12 hours and adds alcohol binding agent, stirs into a paste, then evenly aluminium alloy matrix surface is coated in brush, the thickness of coat is about 2 mm, after naturally drying, then carries out 120 DEG C, the drying and processing of 4 h.
The alloy matrix aluminum boning above-mentioned cladding material is loaded in argon shield reaction vessel; and protective reaction container is loaded onto on the worktable of the numerical control machine tool can doing three-dimensional motion; injecting purity subsequently to protective reaction container is the high purity argon of 99.999%; and certain time; air in reaction vessel is excluded as far as possible, and anti-oxidation occurs.
Weave numerical control program according to predetermined laser melting coating parameter, then start numerically-controlled machine and GS-TFL-6000 type supporting with it crossing current CO
2laser apparatus, allow laser beam carry out Laser Cladding Treatment according to the cladding material layer of predetermined work program scanning aluminium alloy matrix surface, the overlapping rate of the multiple tracks scanning in the middle of this is 30%.
In present embodiment, the processing parameter of laser melting coating is: working gas CO
2, N
2, He(purity 99.999%) ratio be 1:10:20, wherein CO
2gas volume is 0.4KPa; Laser power 4.0KW; Spot diameter 2mm; Scanning speed 60mm/min;
After adopting above-mentioned embodiment, the aluminum alloy surface nickel-base alloy cladding layer hardness containing rare earth La and Ce reaches 1200HV, and layer depth is about 1.5mm, and aluminum alloy surface nickel-base alloy cladding layer hardness of the prior art is 960HV; And its wear resistance improves nearly 1 times, and erosion resistance improves about 70%.
Second embodiment of the present invention: first surface treatment is carried out to alloy matrix aluminum, treatment process still takes machinery and chemical mixing method to eliminate the oxide film of aluminum alloy surface, its technical process uses sample abrasive paper for metallograph corase grind → surface sand-blasting polishing → ultrasonic cleaning → chemical reagent to clean → dry up, wherein chemical reagent cleaning be alloy matrix aluminum is put into 65 DEG C NaOH solution immersion after 5 minutes again taking-up dry up.
The aluminium alloy nickel base alloy layer cladding material of preparation containing rare earth La, Ce, this nickel-base alloy cladding material formula is measured by weight percentage, its composition is respectively: rare earth La, Ce are 2.5%, C0.7% ~ 0.8%, Si3.0% ~ 3.5%, W3.5% ~ 6.5%, Cr12% ~ 16%, Fe<15%, all the other are Ni, impurity <1%.Mixed by above-mentioned powder, loading ball mill ball milling takes out after 15 hours and adds alcohol binding agent, stirs into a paste, then evenly aluminium alloy matrix surface is coated in brush, the thickness of coat is about 1.5 mm, after naturally drying, then carries out 120 DEG C, the drying and processing of 4 h.
The alloy matrix aluminum boning above-mentioned cladding material is loaded in argon shield reaction vessel; and protective reaction container is loaded onto on the worktable of the numerical control machine tool can doing three-dimensional motion; injecting purity subsequently to protective reaction container is 99.999% high purity argon; and certain time, be excluded as far as possible to make the air in reaction vessel.
Weave numerical control program according to predetermined laser melting coating parameter, start numerically-controlled machine and GS-TFL-6000 type supporting with it crossing current CO
2laser apparatus, allow laser beam carry out Laser Cladding Treatment according to the cladding material on predetermined work program scanning aluminium alloy matrix surface, the overlapping rate of the multiple tracks scanning in the middle of this is 25%.
In present embodiment, the processing parameter of laser melting coating is: working gas is CO
2, N
2, He(purity 99.999%), ratio is 1:10:20, wherein CO
2gas volume is 0.4KPa; Laser power 5.2KW; Spot diameter 3mm; Scanning speed 70mm/min.
After adopting this embodiment, aluminum alloy surface nickel-base alloy cladding layer hardness containing rare earth La and Ce can reach 1350HV, layer depth is about 1mm, and the aluminium alloy nickel-base alloy cladding layer hardness that prior art does not contain rare earth La and Ce is 1020HV, and wear resistance and erosion resistance improve about 1 times respectively.
Claims (1)
1. a nickel-base alloy layer on aluminum alloy surface enhancement method, it is characterized in that: the method is mixed in nickel-base alloy cladding material by rare earth La and Ce, adopt cladding laser surfaces technology, make aluminum alloy surface obtain in the high rigidity of metallurgical binding and the nickel base alloy layer of high abrasion erosion resistance; It is specifically strengthened step and comprises:
(1) first aluminium alloy matrix surface is processed, treatment process adopts machinery and chemical mixing method to eliminate the oxide film of aluminium alloy matrix surface, technological process be with sample abrasive paper for metallograph to aluminum alloy surface roughly grind → surface sand-blasting polishing → ultrasonic cleaning → chemical reagent cleans → dries up, wherein chemical reagent cleaning alloy matrix aluminum is put into NaOH solution soak certain hour;
(2) the nickel-base alloy cladding material of configuration containing rare earth La, Ce: this nickel-base alloy cladding material proportioning is measured by weight percentage, and wherein rare earth La, Ce are 0.5% ~ 6.5%, and all the other are other composition material powder of nickel-base alloy; Above-mentioned cladding material powder is fully mixed, after ball mill grinding, adds alcohol binding agent, stir into a paste, then evenly aluminium alloy matrix surface is coated in brush, and the thickness making coat reach necessary, after naturally drying, then carry out drying and processing;
(3) alloy matrix aluminum boning above-mentioned cladding material is loaded in argon shield reaction vessel, and protective reaction container is contained on the worktable of the numerical control machine tool can doing three-dimensional motion, 99.999% high purity argon is injected subsequently to protective reaction container, and certain time, make it the air got rid of as far as possible in reaction vessel;
(4) numerical control program is woven according to predetermined laser cladding technological parameter, start the working routine of numerically-controlled machine, start CO2 laser apparatus simultaneously and Laser Cladding Treatment is carried out to aluminium alloy cladding layer, allow laser beam according to the cladding layer on predetermined work program scanning aluminium alloy matrix surface, the overlapping rate that its multiple tracks scans is made to reach 25% to 30%, by the high temperature cladding of laser beam, above-mentioned cladding layer material and alloy matrix aluminum is made to be metallurgical binding;
Consisting of of the described nickel-base alloy cladding material containing rare earth La, Ce: rare earth La and Ce:0.5% ~ 6.5%, C:0.6% ~ 1.0%, Si:2.0% ~ 4.0%, W:3.0% ~ 8.0%, Cr:10.0% ~ 20.0%, Fe<15.0%, all the other are Ni, impurity <1.0%;
The processing parameter of described laser melting coating is: working gas is the mixture of the CO2 of purity 99.999%, N2, He, and ratio is 1 ~ 5:10 ~ 20:20 ~ 40, and wherein CO2 gas volume is 0.4KPa ~ 0.6 KPa; Laser power 2KW ~ 6KW; Spot diameter 1mm ~ 6mm; Laser scan rate 20 ~ 200mm/min.
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| CN105441722A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-03-30 | 福建船政交通职业学院 | AZ91D magnesium alloy automobile active safety device part coating |
| CN106756854A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏海德曼新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of fluid erosion prevention rub resistance plating filmed metals base material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113195759B (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2023-09-19 | 欧瑞康美科（美国）公司 | Corrosion and wear resistant nickel base alloy |
| CN109623130B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2021-05-25 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of composite reinforced aluminum alloy |
| CN109536950A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-29 | 江苏大学 | A kind of composite powder improving aluminum alloy heat fatigue behaviour by Laser Cladding Treatment |
| CN110373668B (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-01-15 | 江西科技学院 | Aluminum alloy composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110499506B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-11-05 | 安徽马钢表面技术股份有限公司 | High-toughness high-temperature self-lubricating nickel-based wear-resistant composite layer, preparation method and application |
| CN110699687B (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2022-06-14 | 成都青石激光科技有限公司 | Method for strengthening high-nickel copper alloy glass mold |
| CN115058709B (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2023-11-14 | 宜宾上交大新材料研究中心 | Method for laser cladding on aluminum alloy surface |
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