CN102933076A - 用于控制杀虫剂喷雾漂移的微囊化油 - Google Patents

用于控制杀虫剂喷雾漂移的微囊化油 Download PDF

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CN102933076A
CN102933076A CN2011800286573A CN201180028657A CN102933076A CN 102933076 A CN102933076 A CN 102933076A CN 2011800286573 A CN2011800286573 A CN 2011800286573A CN 201180028657 A CN201180028657 A CN 201180028657A CN 102933076 A CN102933076 A CN 102933076A
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S.威尔逊
B.唐纳
秦奎德
刘雷
H.坦克
李梅
D.奥斯
章宏
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Abstract

通过将微囊化油结合至待喷洒的含水溶液或混合物中,减少在施用农业化学品期间的喷雾漂移。

Description

用于控制杀虫剂喷雾漂移的微囊化油
技术领域
本发明涉及通过将微囊化油组合物结合至含水喷雾混合物中而在施用农业化学品期间减少喷雾漂移的新方法。
背景技术
通过经济且有效的技术进行的农业喷雾法使用液压喷嘴,所述喷嘴内在地产生宽范围喷雾液滴大小(spray droplet size)。人们发现,这些喷雾液滴从施用的最初期望位点漂移的可能性为液滴大小的函数,其中较小的液滴具有较高的发生脱靶运动(off-target movement)的倾向。重要的研究努力(包括多次田间试验、风洞试验和随后预测性数学模型的生成)大大地提高了对喷雾液滴大小和脱靶漂移可能性之间的关系的理解。尽管其它因素例如气象学条件和喷雾吊臂的高度增大了发生漂移的可能性,但已经发现喷雾液滴大小分布是主要因素。Teske等人(Teske M.E.,Hewitt A.J.,Valcore,D.L.2004.The Roleof Small Droplets in Classifying Drop Size Distributions ILAS S Americas 17thAnnual Conference:Arlington VA)已经报道,<156微米(μ)的值为推动发生漂移的喷雾液滴分布粒度级(fraction)。Wolf(www.bae.ksu.edu/faculty/woldrift.htm)将<200μ的值引用为可漂移粒度级。因此,对可能推动发生漂移的液滴大小的良好推测值为低于150μ粒度级。
脱靶运动的负面后果可能会十分显著。已经证明一些除草剂在非常低的百万分率(ppm)或者甚至十亿分率(ppb)水平时对具体的植物种类具有非常敏感的植物毒性,导致其在敏感作物周围、果园周围和住宅植被周围的受限施用。例如,加利福尼亚农药管理部门(California Dept of Pesticide Regulation)对在San Joaquin谷空中施用的含有敌稗的除草剂强制要求1/2-2英里缓冲距离。
有时将高分子量水溶性聚合物加到喷雾组合物中作为容器混合物(tankmix)以增大液滴大小,从而降低漂移(参见,例如WO 2008/101818A2和美国专利6,214,771B1)。然而,高分子量水溶性聚合物不能完全令人满意,因为由于泵剪切、风剪切和其它多种性能问题,它们通常不能与多种空中施用的除草剂容器混合物一起使用,这在高速空中施用条件下更加显著。参见Hewitt,A.J.(2003)Drift Control Adjuvants in Spray Applications:Performanceand Regulatory Aspects.Proc.Third Latin American Symposium onAgriculturalAdjuvants,Sao Paolo,Brazil。
发明内容
现在已经发现,通过将微囊化油(microencapsulated oil)结合至含水农业喷雾混合物中,可减少在施用期间的喷雾漂移。术语“微囊化油”在本申请中是指微囊和在微囊中包含的油。
本发明涉及减少在施用含水杀虫喷雾混合物中喷雾漂移的方法,其包括将0.01-5体积/体积%的微囊化油结合至含水杀虫喷雾混合物中。喷雾漂移的减少可由很多种因素导致,包括微细喷雾液滴(直径<150μ)的产生的减少和喷雾液滴的体积中位直径(VMD)的增加。对于给定的喷雾设备、施用和条件,并基于使用的微囊化油,多个喷雾液滴的中位直径提高,高于不含所述微囊化油的含水喷雾组合物的中位直径。
本发明的一个实施方案是含水罐内预混组合物(in-can premixcomposition),其包含5-70重量%的至少一种杀虫剂和0.05-10重量%的微囊化油。含水罐内预混组合物优选为含有悬浮在制剂中的微囊化油的溶液、乳液或悬浮液制剂或其混合物。
本发明的另一实施方案是具有改善的物理稳定性的含水罐内预混组合物,其包含5-70重量%的至少一种杀虫剂和0.05-10重量%的微囊化油,其中微囊化油的优选粒度为0.1-1μ,优选为0.1-0.5μ。含水罐内预混组合物优选为含有悬浮在制剂中的微囊化油的溶液、乳液或悬浮液制剂或其混合物。
具体实施方式
通过将微囊化油结合至含水农业喷雾混合物中减少喷雾漂移的方法适于施用任何杀虫剂或作物保护剂,包括除草剂、杀真菌剂和杀虫剂。这种方法所适合的特别优选的除草剂包括氰氟草酯(cyhalofop-butyl)、五氟磺草胺(penoxsulam)、氟唑啶草(flumetsulam)、氯酯磺草胺(cloransulam-methyl)、双氟磺草胺(florasulam)、甲氧磺草胺(pyroxsulam)、唑嘧磺胺(diclosulam)、氟草烟(fluroxypyr)、二氯吡啶酸(clopyralid)、刈草胺(acetochlor)、绿草定(triclopyr)、异噁酰草胺(isoxaben)、2,4-D、MCPA、MCPB、麦草畏(dicamba)、MSMA、乙氧氟草醚(oxyfluorfen)、黄草消(oryzalin)、氟乐灵(trifluralin)、氯氨吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、莠去津(atrazine)、氨氯吡啶酸(picloram)、丁唑隆(tebuthiuron)、胺硝草(pendimethalin)、敌稗(propanil)、草甘膦(glyphosate)和草铵膦(glufosinate)。这种方法所适合的特别优选的杀虫剂包括有机磷酸酯类如毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、MAC类如特丁苯酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧苯酰肼(methoxyfenozide)和双苯酰肼(tebufenozide),拟除虫菊酯类如γ-三氟氯氰菊酯(gamma-cyhalothrin)和溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin),磺基肟(sulfoximine)如氟啶虫胺腈(sulfoxaflor)和生物衍生的杀虫剂如艾克敌(spinosad)和多虫菌素(spinetoram)。这种方法所适合的特别优选的杀真菌剂包括代森锰锌(mancozeb)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、苯氧喹啉(quinoxyfen)和噻氟菌胺(thifluzamide)。本发明对于除草剂施用特别有用,最特别是对于在敏感性作物周围施用受限的除草剂,例如2,4-D、麦草畏、草甘膦和草铵膦。
本发明的微囊化油通过使用界面缩聚(interfacial polycondensation)囊化技术制备。囊化技术在农业活性成分制剂中的使用是本领域技术人员公知的。参见,例如,P.J.Mulqueen in,“Chemistry and Technology ofAgrochemicalFormulations,”D.A.Knowles,editor,(Kluwer Academic Publishers,1998),132-147页,和其中引用的用于讨论在杀虫剂活性成分制剂中使用微囊化的参考文献。通常,微囊可通过在至少一种油溶性单体(选自,例如,二异氰酸酯、多异氰酸酯、二酰氯、多酰氯、磺酰氯和氯甲酸酯)和至少一种水溶性单体(选自,例如,二胺、多胺、二元醇和多元醇)之间的界面缩聚制备。典型的微囊制剂可例如衍生自在异氰酸酯和胺或醇之间的界面缩聚,以分别提供聚脲或聚氨酯微囊组合物。
本发明的微囊化油可通过以下方法制备:首先在包含适合的表面活性剂和水的水相中乳化包含油和油溶性单体的有机相。乳液可通过以下方法形成:通过使用低压或高压匀化来匀化油-水混合物,直到得到悬浮在水中的油液滴的希望尺寸。然后将水溶性单体添加至混合物并在油液滴的水-油界面处与油溶性单体反应,以形成包围油滴的囊壁。例如,通过小心地调节匀化混合物的时间长度和/或通过调节匀化器的速度或压力,可产生具有不同囊尺寸(直径)和壁厚的微囊化油。类似地,可调节单体、交联剂、乳化剂、缓冲剂等的量,以产生本领域技术人员可容易地制备的具有不同囊尺寸和壁厚的微囊化制剂。
本发明的微囊化油一般具有平均直径为0.1-20μ的囊。该范围的尺寸下限是基于制备非常小的囊(<0.1μ平均直径)相对困难或无法实现,但却不能实现任何显著增加的性能益处,而该范围的尺寸上限是基于本领域中的一般常识,即,较大尺寸的囊(>20μ平均直径)的悬浮可具有物理稳定性问题,证据是它们的形成乳膏(creams)的倾向。
本发明的微囊化油的聚合物囊壁可构成微囊和它的油内容物的总重量的0.5-20重量%。
在本发明的微囊化油中使用的油通常包含水不可混溶性溶剂,例如但不限于以下中的一种或多种:石油馏出物如衍生自苯的芳族烃,例如甲苯、二甲苯、其它烷基化苯等,和萘衍生物;脂族烃如己烷、辛烷、环己烷等;脂族或异链烷烃(isoparaffinic)系列的矿物油,以及芳族和脂族烃的混合物;卤化的芳族或脂族烃;蔬菜油、种子油或动物油,例如豆油、菜籽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油、葵花籽油、椰子油、玉米油、棉籽油、亚麻籽油、棕榈油、花生油、红花油、芝麻油、桐油等,和衍生自蔬菜油、种子油或动物油的C1-C6单酯;短链和长链的,饱和和不饱和的羧酸的二烷基酰胺;芳族羧酸和二羧酸的C1-C12酯,以及脂族和脂环族羧酸的C1-C12酯。
包含在本发明微囊中的油可任选用作杀虫剂或其它成分的载体。这些杀虫剂或其它成分可溶解或分散在油中,以及可选自杀螨剂、杀藻剂、抗饲育剂(antifeedant)、杀鸟剂、杀菌剂、驱鸟剂、化学绝育剂(chemosterilant)、杀真菌剂、除草剂安全剂、除草剂、昆虫引诱剂、昆虫驱避剂、哺乳动物驱避剂、交配干扰剂、杀软体动物药剂、植物活化剂、植物生长调节剂、杀啮齿动物药、增效剂、落叶剂、干燥剂、消毒剂、化学信息素和杀病毒剂。
用于制备本发明微囊化油的油溶性单体可包括但不限于二异氰酸酯、多异氰酸酯、二酰氯、多酰氯、磺酰氯和氯甲酸酯。优选的油溶性单体为二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯,例如,
Figure BDA00002557398200041
27二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(methylenediphenyl diisocyanate)(Dow Chemical Company的注册商标)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
可用于与油溶性单体反应以在油-水界面处形成囊壁的本发明水溶性单体可包括但不限于二胺、多胺、二醇和多元醇。
用于制备本发明微囊化油的水可溶或可分散的表面活性剂可包括一种或多种表面活性剂。所述表面活性剂在性质上可为阴离子的、阳离子的或非离子的,以及可用作乳化剂、湿润剂、分散剂或用于其它用途。也已经证实,用于制备本发明的囊的表面活性剂的选择对于在减少喷雾漂移方面的性能很重要。适合的表面活性剂包括但不限于木质素磺酸盐,例如,Kraftsperse25M,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物,例如,Atlox 4913,和醇乙氧基化物,例如,Tergitol 15-S-7。
通过直接与稀释的杀虫制剂进行容器混合,可将本发明的微囊化油结合至含水杀虫喷雾混合物中。以最终喷雾体积的0.01-5体积%,优选最终喷雾体积的0.05-1.0体积%,并且最优选最终喷雾体积的0.05-0.2体积%的浓度将微囊化油结合至含水喷雾混合物中。
本方法减少在空中和地面施用中杀虫剂喷雾的脱靶移动。
最佳喷雾液滴尺寸取决于使用组合物的施用方式。如果液滴太大,那么喷雾覆盖率将较低;即,大液滴将在某些区域中着陆,而之间的区域将接收很少的喷雾组合物或者接收不到喷雾组合物。最大可接受液滴尺寸可取决于每单位面积施用的组合物的量和对喷雾覆盖均匀性的需要。较小液滴提供更均匀的覆盖,但是在喷洒期间更易于漂移。如果在喷洒期间特别多风,可优选较大液滴,而在较平静的日子可优选较小液滴。
喷雾液滴尺寸还可取决于喷雾设备,例如,喷嘴尺寸和配置。无论如何,对于给定的喷雾设备、施用和条件,和基于所用的微囊化油,多个喷雾液滴的中位直径提高,高于不含所述微囊化油的喷雾组合物的中位直径。
除了上述方法之外,本发明还涵盖含水罐内预混组合物,其包含5-70重量%,并且优选20-60重量%的至少一种杀虫剂和0.05-10重量%微囊化油。所述含水罐内预混组合物优选为含有悬浮在制剂中的微囊化油的溶液、乳液或悬浮液制剂或其混合物。在含水罐内预混组合物中可使用的优选的杀虫剂包括除草剂2,4-D、氯氨吡啶酸、绿草定、氨氯吡啶酸、麦草畏、草甘膦和草铵膦,及其衍生物。
本发明的另一实施方案为具有改善的物理稳定性的含水罐内预混组合物,其包含5-70重量%,优选20-60重量%的至少一种杀虫剂和0.05-10重量%微囊化油。所述含水罐内预混组合物优选为含有悬浮在制剂中的微囊化油的溶液、乳液或悬浮液制剂或其混合物。具有改善的稳定性的含水罐内预混组合物包含平均直径为0.1-1μ,优选0.1-0.5μ的微囊。与含有平均直径大于1μ的油的微囊的组合物或含有乳化油的组合物相比,这种组合物显示改善的物理稳定性。
任选地,本发明组合物可含有表面活性剂。所述表面活性剂在性质上可为阴离子的、阳离子的或非离子的。典型的表面活性剂包括烷基硫酸盐,如二乙醇-月桂基硫酸铵;烷基芳基磺酸盐,如十二烷基苯磺酸钙;烷基酚-烯化氧加成产物和/或芳基烷基酚-烯化氧加成产物,如壬基酚-C18乙氧基化物;醇-烯化氧加成产物,如十三烷基醇-C16乙氧基化物;皂,如硬脂酸钠;烷基萘磺酸盐,如二丁基萘磺酸钠;磺化琥珀酸盐的二烷基酯,如二(2-乙基己基)磺化琥珀酸钠;山梨糖醇酯,如山梨糖醇油酸酯;季铵,如月桂基三甲基氯化铵;乙氧基化胺,例如牛脂胺聚氧乙烯醚(tallowamine ethoxylated);甜菜碱表面活性剂,例如椰油酰氨基二丙基甜菜碱;脂肪酸的聚乙二醇酯,如硬脂酸聚乙二醇酯;环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物;以及磷酸单烷基酯的盐和磷酸二烷基酯的盐;以及它们的混合物。所述表面活性剂或表面活性剂的混合物在制剂中的浓度通常为2-20wt%。
除了上述组合物,本发明还涵盖含有一种或多种另外的可相容成分的组合物。这些另外的成分可包括,例如,一种或多种杀虫剂或其它成分,其可溶解或分散在组合物中或者可溶解或分散在本发明的微囊化油中,以及可选自杀螨剂、杀藻剂、抗饲育剂、杀鸟剂、杀菌剂、驱鸟剂、化学绝育剂、杀真菌剂、除草剂安全剂、除草剂、昆虫引诱剂、昆虫驱避剂、哺乳动物驱避剂、交配干扰剂、杀软体动物药剂、植物活化剂、植物生长调节剂、杀啮齿动物药、增效剂、落叶剂、干燥剂、消毒剂、化学信息素和杀病毒剂。此外,在这些组合物中可包含提供功能效用的任何其它另外的成分,例如,染料、稳定剂、香料、降粘剂和防冻剂(freeze-point depressant)。
以下实施例说明本发明。
实施例1
使用Silverson匀化器,将包含132.68g大豆油甲酯(methyl soyate)和13.95g
Figure BDA00002557398200061
27二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(Dow Chemical Company的注册商标)的有机相乳化至包含30.0g
Figure BDA00002557398200062
4913聚合物表面活性剂(Croda Inc.的注册商标)、7.50g
Figure BDA00002557398200071
15-S-7非离子表面活性剂(Dow ChemicalCompany的注册商标)、0.39g
Figure BDA00002557398200072
GXL防腐剂(Arch Chemicals Inc.的注册商标)和112.13g去离子水的水相中。将所得粗乳液在800-1200巴(80,000-120,000kPa)经过Niro高压匀化器两次。然后通过在温和搅拌下添加3.33g 10%乙二胺水溶液,形成聚脲囊壁。所得的囊悬浮液的体积中位粒度为0.34μ,使用Malvern Mastersizer 2000激光衍射粒子分析仪测量。
以下列次序向3.68g上面的大豆油甲酯囊悬浮液添加:0.85g去离子水、10.66g 2,4-D二甲基乙醇铵(DMEA)盐溶液(53.6%a.e.)和14.27g草甘膦二甲基铵(DMA)盐溶液(42.2%a.e.),以在充分混合后得到乳脂状灰白色乳液,其在实验工作台上在长时间贮存(30天)后不发生相分离。
制备大豆油甲酯/2,4-D DMEA/草甘膦DMA浓缩物在水中的2wt%溶液,用于测试喷洒性能。在40psi使用Teejet 8002扁平扇形喷嘴喷洒溶液,并用Sympatec激光衍射粒子分析仪实施喷雾液滴尺寸分布测量。喷嘴顶端位于Sympatec的激光束通道之上12英寸。将可漂移细粒的百分数表达为低于150μ的喷雾液滴的体积百分数。将该结果以及去离子水对照的结果在表1中示出。
表1
Figure BDA00002557398200073
实施例2
使用Silverson匀化器,将包含340.53g大豆油甲酯和9.05g
Figure BDA00002557398200074
27(Dow Chemical Company的注册商标)的有机相乳化至包含96.0g
Figure BDA00002557398200075
4913(Croda Inc.的注册商标)、24.0g
Figure BDA00002557398200076
15-S-7(Dow Chemical Company的注册商标)、1.20g
Figure BDA00002557398200077
GXL(Arch Chemicals Inc.的注册商标)和358.8g去离子水的水相中。提高匀化器上的速度,直到体积中位液滴尺寸约为0.8μ。然后通过在温和搅拌下添加21.73g 10%乙二胺水溶液,形成聚脲囊壁。所得的囊悬浮液的体积中位粒度为0.72μ。
包含456g ae/L 2,4-D胆碱盐和10wt%上面的大豆油甲酯微囊悬浮液的除草剂浓缩物如下制备:向样品瓶添加39.91g 45.7%ae 2,4-D胆碱溶液(通过在水中混合等摩尔量的2,4-D和胆碱氢氧化物制备)。向该样品瓶添加4.74g上面的大豆油甲酯囊悬浮液(40%w/w油)。然后将样品在温和混合下搅拌约1分钟。最后,添加2.74g去离子水,并将样品在温和混合下搅拌约2分钟,直到均匀,得到乳脂状灰白色乳液,其在实验工作台上在长时间贮存(30天)后不发生相分离。
然后制备上面的除草剂浓缩物的1.25%v/v喷雾溶液稀释物。首先向样品瓶添加296.25mL去离子水。然后,添加3.75mL除草剂浓缩物。用手轻摇样品瓶,直到混合物均匀。然后遵循与实施例1中所述相同的操作和设定喷洒稀释的喷雾溶液。结果在表2中示出,并与不含大豆油甲酯囊悬浮液的2,4-D胆碱的1.25%喷雾溶液对比。
表2
实施例3
对比了添加和未添加实施例2中制备的大豆油甲酯囊悬浮液的含有硫酸铵(AMS)的
Figure BDA00002557398200082
280SL除草剂(Bayer CropScience的注册商标;2.34lbae/gal草铵膦)的喷洒性能。向样品瓶依次添加284.33g去离子水、15.03g 40%w/w硫酸铵水溶液和3.97g
Figure BDA00002557398200083
280SL。用手摇晃样品瓶,直到均匀。为制备含囊的喷雾溶液,向第二样品瓶依次添加283.57g去离子水、15.03g40%w/w硫酸铵水溶液、3.97g
Figure BDA00002557398200084
280SL和0.76g实施例2中制备的大豆油甲酯囊悬浮液。用手摇晃第二样品瓶,直到均匀。然后遵循与实施例1中所述相同的操作和设定喷洒溶液。结果在表3中示出。
表3
Figure BDA00002557398200085
Figure BDA00002557398200091
实施例4
对比了添加和未添加实施例2中制备的大豆油甲酯囊悬浮液的除草剂(BASF Corporation的注册商标;4lb ae/gal麦草畏二甘醇胺(dicambadiglycolamine))的喷洒性能。向样品瓶添加298.14mL去离子水和1.86mL
Figure BDA00002557398200093
除草剂。用手摇晃样品,直到均匀。为制备含囊的喷雾溶液,向第二样品瓶添加297.38g去离子水、2.29g(1.86mL)
Figure BDA00002557398200094
除草剂和0.76g实施例2中制备的大豆油甲酯微囊悬浮液。然后用手摇晃样品,直到均匀。然后遵循与实施例1中所述相同的操作和设定喷洒溶液。结果在表4中示出。
表4
Figure BDA00002557398200095

Claims (9)

1.在施用含水杀虫喷雾混合物期间减少喷雾漂移的方法,其包括将0.01-5%体积/体积的微囊化油结合至所述含水杀虫喷雾混合物中。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述杀虫喷雾混合物含有除草剂。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述杀虫喷雾混合物含有杀虫剂。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述杀虫喷雾混合物含有杀真菌剂。
5.权利要求2的方法,其中所述除草剂为2,4-D的盐、麦草畏的盐、草甘膦的盐或草铵膦的盐中的至少一种。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中所述微囊化油的囊的平均直径为0.1-20μ。
7.罐内预混含水组合物,其包含5-70重量%的至少一种杀虫剂和0.05-10重量%的悬浮在所述组合物中的微囊化油。
8.权利要求7的组合物,其中所述杀虫剂为2,4-D的盐、麦草畏的盐、草甘膦的盐或草铵膦的盐中的至少一种。
9.权利要求7的罐内预混含水组合物,其中所述微囊化油的囊的尺寸为0.1-1μ。
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AU2011265046B2 (en) 2014-10-30
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