CN102929232A - Energy consumption acquiring, monitoring, analyzing and alarming system for independent rooms in office building - Google Patents
Energy consumption acquiring, monitoring, analyzing and alarming system for independent rooms in office building Download PDFInfo
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- CN102929232A CN102929232A CN2012104063335A CN201210406333A CN102929232A CN 102929232 A CN102929232 A CN 102929232A CN 2012104063335 A CN2012104063335 A CN 2012104063335A CN 201210406333 A CN201210406333 A CN 201210406333A CN 102929232 A CN102929232 A CN 102929232A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an energy consumption monitoring system for a building. The system attracts the attention of people by an alarm mode, and adjustment or system upgrading is performed. Data required by field research is provided conveniently and quickly, time and labor are saved for national research, and the data authenticity and timeliness are optimized. According to the technical scheme, the energy acquiring, monitoring, analyzing and alarming system for independent rooms in an office building comprises metering devices, acquisition devices, a monitoring center and alarming devices; the metering devices are used for metering power consumption real-time data of all users; the acquisition devices are connected with the metering devices at all tail ends through a network, and transmit the obtained real-time data to the monitoring center through a wireless network; the monitoring center is used for storing and analyzing real-time data; and according to the alarm devices, three stages of alarming systems are used for alarming, a first-stage alarming system is connected with the metering devices, a second-stage alarming system is connected with the acquisition devices; and a third-stage alarming system is connected with the monitoring system. The energy acquiring, monitoring, analyzing and alarming system for the independent rooms in the office building is mainly applied to monitoring of the energy consumption of buildings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of building energy consumption monitoring system, particularly relate to a kind of technical method of monitoring the building energy consumption overall process.Specifically, relate to energy consumption collection, monitoring, analysis and warning system between the office building independent housing.
Background technology
At present, China's building energy consumption is constantly soaring, has accounted for national energy resource consumption 40% nearly, can the equal weather conditions of loss-rate under developed country to exceed 2-3 doubly.Take national space and geographical as the visual angle, by investigation and analysis, explore 31 provinces and cities of China (not containing Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) energy-consuming level, and set up nationwide energy resource consumption control model, exist sizable difficulty.All kinds of different building energy consumption levels in the whole nation exist obvious regional disparity, and investigation on the spot needs the most manpower and materials of cost, needs the longer time for the directiveness power consumption mode that forms building.At present, the system that is used for the building energy consumption monitoring has: the electrical equipment energy-consumption monitoring power lead of integrated wireless network communication function, in the situation that do not change electric equipment main body hardware, by integrating metrology transport module on power lead, realize the energy consumption monitoring of single consumer; The data acquisition unit that is used for large-scale Gongjian's energy-consumption monitoring system comprises RS485 bus, M-Bus bus, ZigBee wireless network connection data collector and teletransmission metering base table, realizes wirelessly transmitting data; Based on large-scale Gongjian's energy consumption monitoring platform of Flex technology, realize the Map Services function of lightweight, develop a plurality of energy consumption data pages, realize the business such as consumption information statistics, communicate by letter with the Flex page, form spatial database etc.; Based on the energy-consumption monitoring system of OPC communication, smart metering device is by RS485 bus and communication equipment communication, with the communication modes of OPC with data retransmission to monitor server.Solve the compatibling problem that each equipment exists; Based on the Intelligent building energy consumption monitoring analytic system of wireless sensor technology, comprise network node, server, sensor, the transmitting-receiving electricity mule of building interior Information Monitoring etc., network node carries out MANET to realize communication by protocol stack.Perhaps collector is connected on the Zigbee wireless topology structure, realizes the wireless transmission of data-signal; Based on the energy-consumption monitoring system of wireless sensor network, mainly solving existing power meter does not have flexibly communication interface, realizes data recording and external relation; A kind of building energy consumption monitoring system that can store, analyze, show the energy input data unification of government offices' office building and large public building.Perhaps some data communication devices are crossed effective formula and carry out the energy input that computing draws datumization, draw effective power consumption values by different Data Representations; Etc..In recent years, China researcher has carried out detailed in investigating to multiple public buildings such as the hotel of nationwide, school, hospital, office buildings, more basic research data have been obtained, lay a good foundation for the expansion of Building Energy-saving Work, the Energy intensity and the terminal energy sources that obtain all kinds of buildings in national five macroclimate districts consume structure etc.Use the contrast of the otherness simulation energy consumption of these basic data and every building of selection monitoring, obtain its energy consumption intensity average level and ultimate value.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, comes into the picture with the mode of reporting to the police, and adjusts or system upgrade.Conveniently provide and investigate required data on the spot, saved time and efforts for national investigation, the authenticity of data and promptness are also accomplished the best.For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is that energy consumption collection, monitoring, analysis and warning system between the office building independent housing comprise:
Measuring instrument: be used for each user's consumption of electric energy real time data of metering;
Harvester: be connected by network with all terminal measuring instruments, with the real time data that obtains by wireless network transmissions to Surveillance center;
Surveillance center: in order to storage and the analysis of finishing real time data;
Warning device, adopt three grades of warning systems, one-level warning system user side is in time sent alerting signal when various energy consumption Stored Values are not enough or when frequently occurring departing from average energy consumption value range, being used for user self checks oneself with the energy problem, the secondary warning system, Surveillance center sends alerting signal between the independent housing of section energy consumption rank front three sometime to same building, supervisory user checks, three grades of warning systems, monitoring side certain office room or certain office building in Monitoring Data send alerting signal when average energy consumption strength range value frequently occurring departing from, in time send the technician to investigate problem.
The transmission of harvester real time data can be divided into wired and wireless two kinds of forms, and the cable data transmission is undertaken by the RS485 bus, and acquisition module is connected on the RS485 bus by the RS485 interface nearby, is transferred to Surveillance center; Wireless Data Transmission is by BLUETOOTH, GPRS, WLAN or the transmission of LAN communication network.
Measuring instrument comprises warning system, concrete structure is: electric energy measurement instrument is connected between phase line and the center line, deliver in the electric energy special IC through the current signal of current sampling circuit collection and the voltage signal of voltage sampling circuit collection, in special IC, current signal and voltage signal offer multiplier circuit through analog to digital conversion, signal that is proportional to electric current and voltage product of multiplier circuit output, this signal is producing through the voltage/frequency transducer and the actual proportional electrical energy pulse of electric energy that uses, and afterpulse is delivered to the CPU processing, thereby realize that data show, infrared communication, the data storage function, and with electric energy and the threshold value S1 that is preset in the program, S2, S3 makes comparisons, and sends corresponding steering order.
One-level energy consumption warning device is comprised of energy consumption calculation circuit, energy consumption setting and threshold value display circuit and sound light alarming circuit three parts, the energy consumption calculation circuit is comprised of integration module, and this integration module can calculate user's side voltage and current of Real-time Collection the cumulative energy consumption of user's side within a period of time that obtain in time; Energy consumption is set and display circuit is comprised of potentiometer RP1, RP2, RP3 and equivalent energy consumption table W1, W2, W3, and the energy consumption of corresponding illumination, air-conditioning and three electricity consumption projects of office equipment is set and the setting threshold demonstration respectively; Can set respectively the energy consumption threshold value of different electricity consumption projects by regulator potentiometer RP1, RP2, RP3, W1, W2, W3 are actually electric current and show by be combined the reflection energy consumption with integration module PW1, equivalence is the energy consumption table, shows the energy consumption threshold value of setting in a period of time.
Technical characterstic of the present invention and effect:
Monitoring Data is the subitem Electro-metering instrument that derives from the buildings, arrive harvester through wired or wireless system transmissions data, upload the data to Surveillance center through the GPRS communication network again, real time data is unified to process, storage, analysis and comparison data, the source of find problem data, propose to report to the police, in time process energy consumption problem, be uploaded to city, province, national data center by the internet at last, to data store, analysis, publicity, form intactly nationwide energy consumption monitoring standard.Native system can be monitored the energy consumption of office building long-range, in real time, safely and effectively, be not subjected to the restriction of time region, simple to operation, when the actual consumption amount that certain office room or certain office building occur exceeds standard, and alarm processing problem, significant to realizing building energy conservation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that system of the present invention forms structural drawing;
Fig. 2 is the present invention's on-the-spot structural drawing in actual applications;
Fig. 3 is that BLUETOOTH network of the present invention is opened up complement;
Fig. 4 is the software module structure schematic diagram of harvester of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the software configuration schematic diagram of control center of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the software configuration schematic diagram of warning device of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is electricity consumption of the present invention and monitoring process flow diagram.
Fig. 8 energy consumption measure instrument and warning system control principle drawing.
The schematic diagram of Fig. 9 one-level energy consumption warning device.
The schematic diagram of two or three grades of energy consumption warning devices of Figure 10.
Embodiment
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to improve the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of building energy consumption monitoring system that can gather respectively the energy consumption data of each office room of office building, store, analyze, report to the police is provided.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: building energy consumption monitoring system involved in the present invention, comprise: measuring instrument, (electric energy arranges integrated electric energy metering module and wireless network communication module at the ammeter box place of independent office room according to illumination, office equipment, air-conditioning, special area electricity consumption subitem to be used for each user's consumption of electric energy real time data of metering, voltage constant is constant, the fluctuation of monitoring current, calculate the power of single subitem between independent housing, multiply by the time interval, obtain the Real-Time Monitoring power consumption values); Harvester, with all terminal measuring instrument network connections, with the real time data that obtains by wireless network transmissions to Surveillance center; Surveillance center is in order to storage and the analysis of finishing real time data; Warning device, adopt three grades of warning systems, one-level warning system user side is in time sent alerting signal when various energy consumption Stored Values are not enough or when frequently occurring departing from average energy consumption value range, being used for user self checks oneself with the energy problem, the secondary warning system, Surveillance center sends alerting signal between the independent housing of section energy consumption rank front three sometime to same building, supervisory user checks, three grades of warning systems, monitoring side certain office room or certain office building in Monitoring Data send alerting signal when average energy consumption strength range value frequently occurring departing from, in time send the technician to investigate problem.
In actual applications, also comprise the fine setting of the average energy consumption intensity of data center in the described building energy consumption monitoring system, this be since between the different office buildings otherness of energy consumption intensity can not from investigate on the spot and simulate, obtain fully, to in the building actual motion, constantly adjust, progressively form the energy consumption intensity index in an area, classification is reported to city, province, country etc. again, the final standard that instructs national energy consumption intensity that forms.
The ingredient of further division energy-consumption monitoring system, measuring instrument is the electric signal measuring instrument, the user power utilization amount is to convert the electrical signal to the electric energy metrical unit, when electric current flows through measuring instrument, electric signal converts suitable electric energy metrical unit to and gathers, and electric current and voltage signal by obtaining, according to setting the metering time interval, computing obtains power, the subitem such as energy consumption energy information.Data transfer can be divided into wired and wireless two kinds of forms, and this actual needs according to the monitoring building is selected.The cable data transmission can be undertaken by RS485 bus and communication equipment, and this data transmittal and routing form can realize under various conditions that long period moves continuously, and large gauge point has the advantages such as precision is high, reliability is strong.The acquisition module that distributes is connected on the RS485 bus by the RS485 interface nearby, is transferred to Surveillance center.Wireless Data Transmission can be by BLUETOOTH or the multiple communication network transmission such as GPRS, WLAN, LAN, and this data transmittal and routing form can be installed in any time of building cycle, and system is simple, and is easy to operate.When the wireless network communication function on, above-mentioned information will be sent to wireless network by radio communication unit, be transferred to the receiving device on the network.Harvester, with all terminal measuring instrument network connections, with the real time data that obtains by wireless network transmissions to Surveillance center, when transmitting, do not lose for guaranteeing image data, in acquisition module, add data storage function, also be convenient to user itself and understand with the energy situation, between harvester and measuring instrument or Surveillance center, be respectively equipped with the coded communication module, be used for mutual identity verification and data communication and maintain secrecy.Surveillance center accepts the energy consumption data that harvester sends, and in order to storage and the analysis of finishing real time data, in time compares with investigation value on the spot and simulation power consumption values.Warning device, adopt three grades of warning systems, one-level warning system user side is in time sent alerting signal when various energy consumption Stored Values are not enough or when frequently occurring departing from average energy consumption value range, being used for user self checks oneself with the energy problem, the secondary warning system, Surveillance center sends alerting signal between the independent housing of section energy consumption rank front three sometime to same building, supervisory user checks, three grades of warning systems, monitoring side certain office room or certain office building in Monitoring Data send alerting signal when average energy consumption strength range value frequently occurring departing from, in time send the technician to investigate problem.
The measuring instrument of mentioning in the said system scheme mainly comprises the subitem ammeter of each independent office room in the office building.
Set up the wireless communication channel between measuring instrument, harvester and the Surveillance center and be BLUETOOTH or GPRS, WLAN, lan network.
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The block diagram of system of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, comprise measuring instrument, (voltage constant is constant for the real-time consumption data that measures the electric energy of respectively itemizing between each independent housing in the buildings, the fluctuation of monitoring current, calculate the power of single subitem between independent housing, multiply by the time interval, obtain the Real-Time Monitoring power consumption values); Harvester is connected with described measuring instrument wireless network, gathers from the energy consumption real time data of each instrument and is passed to Surveillance center; Surveillance center accepts the real time data unification of harvester transmission and analyzes, stores and report to the police; Warning device sends timely alerting signal in the position that every one-level goes wrong; Data center in order to Real-time Collection, monitoring, analysis and the warning system of finishing all buildings in the monitoring range, replenishes the energy consumption data of national office building.
On-the-spot structural drawing as shown in Figure 2, native system comprises a large amount of users, instrument and harvester, in being arranged between each independent housing of office building in national Different climate district, be used for energy consumption data between each independent housing of Real-Time Monitoring, measuring instrument mainly designs the ammeter box place in the room.Described harvester is by measuring instrument wireless or the wired connection user, when using wireless network (bluetooth), the two opens bluetooth simultaneously, by encryption connection is set, carry out real-time data transmission, wireless connections to other modes also need to encrypt setting, also need preset the correlation parameter of measuring instrument etc.; And directly being connected to the RS485 bus from interface, wired connection gets final product.The data that gather are transferring data to Surveillance center through the GPRS wireless network, real time data is unified arrangement, analyzes contrast, reported to the police, at last by the internet with data transmission to the city, province, national data center, to data analysis, storage, customize standard.
BLUETOOTH network is as shown in Figure 3 opened up complement; wireless network connects measuring instrument and harvester; the real time energy consumption Monitoring Data is passed in the harvester by measuring instrument; if the information terminal phenomenon appears in the centre; data will be protected in the internal memory of measuring instrument, can not lose, after wireless network reconnects; the transmission data that continue guarantee integrality and the actual effect of data.
This harvester software as shown in Figure 4 comprises: bluetooth receiver module 1, accept the transmission of data of customer meter, and be used for gathering the real time energy consumption data; Network access module 2 is used for harvester and is connected server with Surveillance center by GPRS and connects; Encryption with the both-way communication data of measuring instrument and Surveillance center both sides is provided providing respectively encrypting module 3; Alarm module 4 is used for the warning between a certain period energy consumption intensity rank front three independent housing in the building certain area; Network Serial Port modular converter 5 is used for the data transmission of Surveillance center the application area data being peeled off, and connects Surveillance center with serial mode, with the outer net isolation, guarantees the safety of data; Serial ports collection communication module 6 is processed the data that import respectively according to the subitem electric weight, sets up the independent memory space of data, is convenient to the metering separate energy input; Network transmission module 7 is used for harvester to Surveillance center's the transmission of data.For guaranteeing the data during communicating interrupt, harvester is built-in with the very large storer of capacity, realizes the protection to image data.
As shown in Figure 5, mainly comprise the San Da district in the software architecture diagram of Surveillance center: operational zone, application area and data field.Application area comprises following five parts:
Data information management gathers, processes, sends, receives and manage uploading data.
Analyze and show alarm, the subitem energy consumption after processing through data is analyzed contrast, the building that finds energy consumption to exceed standard, analysis solution in time proposes to report to the police.
Information service is shared, and the relevant information of this building is provided for the user who participates in energy consumption monitoring, implements to encourage policy of rewards for the good building of energy-saving effect.
Running background is safeguarded, information diversification and diversified integration processing, and the problem that exists in the monitoring system is safeguarded.
Optimal design is enriched the energy consumption data index, instructs the widespread use of energy-saving building technology.
The structural representation of warning device as shown in Figure 6, warning device, adopt three grades of warning systems, one-level warning system user side is in time sent alerting signal when various energy consumption Stored Values are not enough or when frequently occurring departing from average energy consumption value range, being used for user self checks oneself with the energy problem, the secondary warning system, Surveillance center sends alerting signal between the independent housing of section energy consumption rank front three sometime to same building, supervisory user checks, three grades of warning systems, monitoring side certain office room or certain office building in Monitoring Data send alerting signal when average energy consumption strength range value frequently occurring departing from, in time send the technician to investigate problem.
Electricity consumption as shown in Figure 7 and monitoring process flow diagram, after high voltage direct current introducing building, form subitem Electro-metering system, begin illumination, air-conditioning, heating, office equipment, fire-fighting, elevator, water pump fan, monitoring element philosophy are arranged ammeter box and power distribution cabinet from the power distribution cabinet of the total metering of inlet wire, later each grade panel box is all itemized data collector is set, and the Distribution Principles of harvester is according to minute floor, zone and a room setting.Form the distribution of net of electricity consumption and monitoring, be conducive to fully understand the electricity consumption situation in each room in the building.
Be illustrated in figure 8 as energy consumption measure instrument and warning system control principle drawing, electric energy measurement instrument is connected between phase line and the center line, delivers in the electric energy special IC through the current signal of current sampling circuit collection and the voltage signal of voltage sampling circuit collection.In special IC, current signal and voltage signal offer multiplier circuit through analog to digital conversion, signal that is proportional to electric current and voltage product of multiplier circuit output, this signal is producing through the voltage/frequency transducer and the actual proportional electrical energy pulse of electric energy that uses, and afterpulse is delivered to the CPU processing, thereby realize the functions such as data demonstration, infrared communication, data storage, and electric energy is made comparisons with threshold value S1, the S2, the S3 that are preset in the program, send corresponding steering order.
Be illustrated in figure 9 as the schematic diagram of one-level energy consumption warning device.User's side and alarm were used for the user and check oneself when the main realization of one-level energy consumption warning energy consumption transfinited.This circuit is comprised of energy consumption calculation circuit, energy consumption setting and threshold value display circuit and sound light alarming circuit three parts.In the circuit, the energy consumption calculation circuit is comprised of integration module PW1, and this integration module can calculate user's side voltage and current of Real-time Collection the cumulative energy consumption of user's side within a period of time that obtain in time.Energy consumption is set and display circuit is comprised of potentiometer RP1, RP2, RP3 and equivalent energy consumption table W1, W2, W3, and the energy consumption of corresponding illumination, air-conditioning and three electricity consumption projects of office equipment is set and the setting threshold demonstration respectively.Can set respectively the energy consumption threshold value of different electricity consumption projects by regulator potentiometer RP1, RP2, RP3, W1, W2, W3 are actually the electric current demonstration can reflect energy consumption by being combined with integration module PW1, therefore can equivalence be the energy consumption table, show the energy consumption threshold value of setting in a period of time.Sound light alarming circuit is comprised of resistance R 1R7, capacitor C 1-C3, light emitting diode VL1-VL3, transistor V1-V4, sound effect integrated circuit IC3, and the energy consumption of the different electricity consumption projects of the color differentiating by light emitting diode is reported to the police, simultaneously in conjunction with audible alarm.In the real work, when the actual consumption of a certain electricity consumption project is higher than setting can be consuming time, the corresponding port output of PW1 high level, corresponding transistor triggering and conducting is lighted the diode of respective color, sound effect integrated circuit IC3 work, transistor V4 conducting, hummer BL sends chimes of doom.Otherwise, if the actual consumption of a certain electricity consumption project within setting range, corresponding port output low level then, transistor is in off state, diode is not lighted, sound effect integrated circuit IC3 does not work, not conducting of transistor V4, hummer BL is sounding not also.(R1R7 selects metal film resistor; Rp1-Rp7 selects organic solid potentiometer; It is the alminium electrolytic condenser of 10V that C1-C3 selects withstand voltage; VL1-VL3 selects the high brightness LED of Φ 3mm, and VL1 is red, and VL2 is green, and VL3 is yellow; V1-V4 selects C8050 type NPN transistor; PW1 is that energy consumption calculation is processed integration module; BL selects 0.25W, 8f miniature electric loudspeaker; S selects small-sized one pole tumbler switch; GB selects the 6V laminated cell.)
Be the schematic diagram of two or three grades of energy consumption warning devices as shown in figure 10.Two or three grades of energy consumptions are reported to the police and are mainly realized the overload alarm of the whole consumption information of monitored building, are used for monitoring the energy consumption overrun condition of whole building and monitoring platform.The secondary warning system adopts embedded system, analyzes ordering to the information that receives is unified in system CPU, is reported to the police in first three room of energy consumption rank in this time period, and corresponding room number is shown in liquid crystal display.Three grades of warning systems also adopt embedded system, whole consumption information of display monitoring building on the liquid crystal display.Two or three grades of warning remaining circuit forms are consistent with one-level energy consumption alarm principle.
Claims (4)
1. energy consumption collection between an office building independent housing, monitoring, analysis and warning system is characterized in that, comprising: measuring instrument: be used for each user's consumption of electric energy real time data of metering;
Harvester: be connected by network with all terminal measuring instruments, with the real time data that obtains by wireless network transmissions to Surveillance center;
Surveillance center: in order to storage and the analysis of finishing real time data;
Warning device, adopt three grades of warning systems, one-level warning system user side is in time sent alerting signal when various energy consumption Stored Values are not enough or when frequently occurring departing from average energy consumption value range, being used for user self checks oneself with the energy problem, the secondary warning system, Surveillance center sends alerting signal between the independent housing of section energy consumption rank front three sometime to same building, supervisory user checks, three grades of warning systems, monitoring side certain office room or certain office building in Monitoring Data send alerting signal when average energy consumption strength range value frequently occurring departing from, in time send the technician to investigate problem.
2. energy consumption collection between office building independent housing as claimed in claim 1, monitoring, analysis and warning system, it is characterized in that, the transmission of harvester real time data can be divided into wired and wireless two kinds of forms, the cable data transmission is undertaken by the RS485 bus, acquisition module is connected on the RS485 bus by the RS485 interface nearby, is transferred to Surveillance center; Wireless Data Transmission is by BLUETOOTH, GPRS, WLAN or the transmission of LAN communication network.
3. energy consumption collection between office building independent housing as claimed in claim 1, monitoring, analyze and warning system, it is characterized in that, measuring instrument comprises warning system, concrete structure is: electric energy measurement instrument is connected between phase line and the center line, deliver in the electric energy special IC through the current signal of current sampling circuit collection and the voltage signal of voltage sampling circuit collection, in special IC, current signal and voltage signal offer multiplier circuit through analog to digital conversion, signal that is proportional to electric current and voltage product of multiplier circuit output, this signal is producing through the voltage/frequency transducer and the actual proportional electrical energy pulse of electric energy that uses, and afterpulse is delivered to the CPU processing, thereby realize that data show, infrared communication, the data storage function, and with electric energy and the threshold value S1 that is preset in the program, S2, S3 makes comparisons, and sends corresponding steering order.
4. energy consumption collection between office building independent housing as claimed in claim 1, monitoring, analysis and warning system, it is characterized in that, one-level energy consumption warning device is comprised of energy consumption calculation circuit, energy consumption setting and threshold value display circuit and sound light alarming circuit three parts, the energy consumption calculation circuit is comprised of integration module, and this integration module can calculate user's side voltage and current of Real-time Collection the cumulative energy consumption of user's side within a period of time that obtain in time; Energy consumption is set and display circuit is comprised of potentiometer RP1, RP2, RP3 and equivalent energy consumption table W1, W2, W3, and the energy consumption of corresponding illumination, air-conditioning and three electricity consumption projects of office equipment is set and the setting threshold demonstration respectively; Can set respectively the energy consumption threshold value of different electricity consumption projects by regulator potentiometer RP1, RP2, RP3, W1, W2, W3 are actually electric current and show by be combined the reflection energy consumption with integration module PW1, equivalence is the energy consumption table, shows the energy consumption threshold value of setting in a period of time.
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