CN102921971B - High-speed magnetic suspension electric main shaft for five-freedom numerically-controlled machine tool - Google Patents
High-speed magnetic suspension electric main shaft for five-freedom numerically-controlled machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN102921971B CN102921971B CN201210472348.1A CN201210472348A CN102921971B CN 102921971 B CN102921971 B CN 102921971B CN 201210472348 A CN201210472348 A CN 201210472348A CN 102921971 B CN102921971 B CN 102921971B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed magnetic suspension electric main shaft for a five-freedom numerically-controlled machine tool. The electric main shaft comprises a rotating shaft (1) installed on a steel cylinder, a two-freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor and two three-freedom alternating and direct current hybrid magnetic bearings, wherein the two-freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor is installed on the rotating shaft (1) through a two-freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor rotor (18); the two three-freedom alternating and direct current hybrid magnetic bearings are symmetrically installed on the rotating shaft (1) on the two sides of the two-freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor through three-freedom alternating and direct current hybrid magnetic bearing rotors (12); and any one of the three-freedom alternating and direct current hybrid magnetic bearings is combined with the two-freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor to form a five-freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor. The high-speed magnetic suspension electric main shaft has the beneficial effects that no lubrication is required, the axial space is reduced, the structure is symmetrical, the five-freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor can be flexibly formed, the non-failure operation time can be greatly improved on the premise of high-speed operation, and the energy loss is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is that magnetic suspension asynchronous machine, magnetic bearing are combined with electric main shaft of digital control machine tool, constructs a kind of new
Five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electro spindle, it be collection magnetic levitation technology, electric drive technology, automatically control skill
Art, high speed machining, digital control technology, in the new product of one, are related to electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, control engineering etc.
Scientific domain, can be widely applied to numerically controlled lathe, CNC milling machine, numerically control grinder, various high speed centrifuge, at a high speed rotation mill,
High-speed tester (HST) etc..
Technical background
At present, domestic and international electric main shaft of digital control machine tool bearing support mainly has dynamic and hydrostatic bearing, ceramic bearing and magnetic bearing magnetic
Suspension bearing etc..Dynamic and hydrostatic bearing, due to being limited by rolling element superficial velocity in bearing, does not reach desired high speed, surpasses
At a high speed;Maximum speed can be improved 20% ~ 30% by ceramic bearing, but the life-span of bearing is shorter, at most also only have thousands of hours;Magnetic
High 5 000 ~ 80 000r/min of bearing rotating speed, life-span length, hours up to ten thousand can be run, but still deposit in different applications
In following problem: the motor of one side magnetic bearing supporting occupies certain length due to the magnetic bearing being arranged on motor two ends, leads to
Motor axial direction extended length, increases high accuracy control difficulty, limits critical speed and the output of motor;On the other hand,
Magnetic bearing needs a number of iron core and magnet exciting coil, high performance power amplification driving circuit, expensive displacement sensing
Device and high-quality digitial controller, volume is big, high cost, leverage magnetic bearing supporting the range of high-speed electric expreess locomotive and
Extensively apply.Therefore, in the urgent need to developing a kind of small volume, lightweight, efficiency high, power factor are high, structure simply collects high
Speed motor and magnetic bearing function are in the magnetic-suspension high-speed electric chief axis system of one.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of Novel numerical control machine high speed magnetcisuspension that rotation and suspension magnetic circuit are organically combined
Floating electro spindle.
The technical scheme is that a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electro spindle, including being installed on cylinder
Rotating shaft in cylinder, 1 two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor and 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings, institute two is freely
Degree magnetic suspension asynchronous motor is installed in rotating shaft by two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine rotor, described 2 Three Degree Of Freedoms
It is different that AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing is symmetrically arranged on rotating shaft two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension through Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor
In the rotating shaft of step motor both sides;Described arbitrary Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine
Combination forms suspension of five-freedom degree magnetic asynchronous machine.Described cylinder barrel includes cylinder barrel overcoat, cylinder barrel inner sleeve and cylinder barrel serpentine pipe, rear end
Cover as cylinder barrel sealing and fixation.Described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor also includes the asynchronous electricity of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension
Machine direct torque winding and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension controling winding, two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque
Controling winding and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension controling winding are embedded in the stator slot of cylinder barrel inner sleeve.
Described 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings are embedded in cylinder barrel and put, and described Three Degree Of Freedom alternating current-direct current mixes
Close magnetic bearing on fixed axial stator and radial stator, fixed permanent magnet in described axial stator and radial stator, described forever
Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing radially control winding and Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing axial controling winding are wrapped on magnet.
Put in described cylinder barrel equipped with for detecting electro spindle in the shaft position sensor of radial and axial displacement, footpath
To displacement transducer and displacement transducer reference rings, displacement transducer reference rings provide radial displacement to survey for radial displacement transducer
Amount benchmark.
Described self-aligning bearing is the auxiliary bearing shielding, when preventing unexpected power-off or magnetic bearing system out of control, three
Degree of freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor is collided with axial stator, damages rotor.
Described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor rotor adopts cage rotor, and described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension is asynchronous
Motor torque controling winding 7 is proximate to the three-phase windings of inner circlez a ,z b ,z c , described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension control
Winding 8 processed is cylindrical three-phase windingsx a ,x b ,x c , described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque controling winding and two is freely
All using monolayer staggered form winding method, star-like (y) connects degree magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension controling winding, and is 1 around radical,
Parallel branch number is 1.
Described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque controling winding and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspend and control
The every groove number of conductor turns of winding processed are respectively 41 circles, and the line footpath of series conductor is 0.71mm, two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine
Stator parameter be: internal diameter 98mm, external diameter 155mm, slot number 36, core length be 105mm;Two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous electric
The parameter of machine rotor 18 is: internal diameter 38mm, external diameter 97.4mm, slot number, 32, core length is 105mm;Two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension
The air gap of the stator of asynchronous machine and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor rotor is 0.3mm.
Described Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor positions rotor for radial-axial Three Degree Of Freedom.Described three freely
Degree AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor, axial stator and radial stator are all formed using the thick silicon steel plate stacking of 0.5mm, described forever
Magnet 6 adopts ndfeb;Described Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing radially control winding and the line of Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing axial controling winding
Circle is 0.3mm using the enamel covered wire of 0.8mm diameter, axial-radial air gap.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: this electro spindle does not need to lubricate, and not only shortens axial space, symmetrical configuration can root
Flexibly form suspension of five-freedom degree magnetic asynchronous machine according to load properties, can be greatly improved without reason on the premise of meeting high-speed cruising
Barrier run time, reduces energy loss, breaches high-power and superfast restriction, is conducive to industrialization to realize.
Brief description
The basic structure of Fig. 1 five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electro spindle;
Fig. 2 two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine winding construction;
The winding technique mode of Fig. 3 two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine, (a) direct torque winding technique mode;B () hangs
Floating controling winding winding method;
Fig. 4 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing basic structure;
Wherein: 1. rotating shaft, 2. self-aligning bearing, 3. radial displacement transducer, 4. Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing radially control
Winding, 5. Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing axial controling winding, 6. permanent magnet, 7. two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control
Winding, 8. two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension controling winding, 9. rear end cap 10. shaft position sensor, 11.
Displacement sensor reference rings, 12. Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotors, 13. axial stator, 14. radial stators, 15.
Cylinder barrel serpentine pipe, 16. cylinder barrel overcoats, 17. cylinder barrel inner sleeves, 18. two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine rotors, 19. positioning
Ring.
Specific embodiment
According to the Suspension Mechanism of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor and Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing, propose
Steady with a kind of symmetric form that 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings are constituted by 1 two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor
The five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electro spindle of fixed structure, any one Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing and two is certainly
Combined by degree magnetic suspension asynchronous machine, all can form suspension of five-freedom degree magnetic asynchronous machine, shorten to be propped up by two magnetic bearings
The axial length of the motorized spindle supported with AMB of support moving load with high speed, improves the operation stability of electro spindle, can achieve high speed, surpasses
High-speed cruising.The present invention adopts design of electrical motor module rmxprt 5.0 and finite element analysis module in ansoft software
Maxwell2d/3d enters to two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor and Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing structure and parameter
Row optimization design, draws the critical component two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension of symmetric form five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electro spindle
The winding construction of asynchronous motor, winding method and parameter, and the structure and parameter of Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing.
According to the Suspension Mechanism of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor and Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing, propose
1 two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor is combined with 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings, constitutes symmetric form five
Degree of freedom numerical control machine tool high speed motorized spindle supported with AMB structure, as shown in Figure 1: equipped with the asynchronous electricity of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension in rotating shaft 1
Machine rotor 18, rotating shaft left end equipped with Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor 12, rotating shaft right-hand member equipped with three from
By degree AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor 12.Rotating shaft 1, two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine rotor 18, left end Three Degree Of Freedom are handed over
Direct current hybrid magnetic bearing rotor 12 three may make up suspension of five-freedom degree magnetic asynchronous machine rotor main body;Also can by rotating shaft 1, two certainly
Five degree of freedom magnetic is constituted by degree magnetic suspension asynchronous machine rotor 18, right-hand member Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor 12 three
Suspension asynchronous machine rotor main body.So symmetric form high speed magnetcisuspension can flexibly be built according to the control feature of electrical spindle for machine tool
The main body of floating electro spindle rotor.In motor cylinder barrel inner sleeve 17, inlay two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque control around
Group 7 and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension controling winding 8, and unlike common asynchronous moter, around component two freely
Degree magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque controling winding 7 and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspension controling winding 8, both twine together
It is wound in stator slot.In order to realize the symmetrical stable operation of motorized spindle supported with AMB, cylinder barrel inner sleeve 17 embeds 2 Three Degree Of Freedoms
AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing, is wrapped Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing on permanent magnet 6 in left end Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing
Radially control winding 4 and Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing axial controling winding 5, permanent magnetism in right-hand member Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing
Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing radially control winding 4 and Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing axial controling winding 5 are wrapped on body 6.In cylinder barrel
Set 17 loading shaft position sensor 10 and radial displacement transducer 3 are used for detecting electro spindle in radial and axial displacement.Will
Its displacement information sends into controller, and the operation for high-speed magnetic levitation electro spindle controls.
The stator winding structure of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine is as shown in Fig. 2 rotor adopts cage rotor, stator
There is double winding, near the three-phase windings of inner circle in groovez a ,z b ,z c For direct torque winding, the control magnetic suspension of direct torque winding
The electromagnetic torque of asynchronous machine;Near cylindrical three-phase windingsx a ,x b ,x c For suspending windings, the control for suspending power provides and controls
Magnetic field, i.e. the radial suspension of controlled motor rotating shaft.Magnetic suspension asynchronous machine is made to produce controlled radial suspension force, double winding
Number of pole-pairs must be fulfilled forp 2=p 1± 1, andω 1=ω 2, whereinp 1,ω 1It is respectively number of pole-pairs and the electric angle frequency of direct torque winding
Rate,p 2,ω 2It is respectively number of pole-pairs and the electric angle frequency of suspension controling winding.In Fig. 2, the number of pole-pairs of torque windingp 1=1, suspend
The number of pole-pairs of windingp 2=2.
Two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor torque controling winding 7 and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine suspend control around
Organize 8 winding methods as shown in figure 3, wherein, (a) is direct torque winding connection figure, (b) is suspension controling winding wiring diagram, two
All using monolayer staggered form winding method, star-like (y) connects set winding, and is 1 around radical, and parallel branch number is 1.Two pole torques
Winding and quadrupole suspending windings every groove number of conductor turns are respectively 41 circles, and the line footpath of series conductor is 0.71mm, two degrees of freedom magnetic
The stator parameter of suspension asynchronous machine is: internal diameter 98mm, external diameter 155mm, slot number 36, and core length is 105mm;Two degrees of freedom magnetic
The parameter of suspension asynchronous motor rotor 18 is: internal diameter 38mm, external diameter 97.4mm, slot number 32, and core length is 105mm;Two certainly
It is 0.3mm by the air gap between the stator spending magnetic suspension asynchronous machine and the rotor of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous machine.
Fig. 4 is Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing structural representation.Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor
12 centers passing through Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing, fixed axial stator 13 and radial stator 14 on bearing,
Fixed permanent magnet 6 above this, permanent magnet 6 is wrapped Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing radially control winding 4 and Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing
Axial controling winding 5.Three control coils of Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing radially control winding 4 are passed through three-phase alternating current, are equivalent to
The magnetic suspension motor that one torque winding number of pole-pairs sets to 0, radial suspension force winding number of pole-pairs is 1, meetsp 2=p 1±1.Three freely
Degree AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing adopts radial-axial Three Degree Of Freedom to position rotor;Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor
12nd, axial stator 13 and radial stator 14 are all formed using the thick silicon steel plate stacking of 0.5mm, effectively reduce eddy-current loss and magnetic hysteresis
Loss;Permanent magnet 6 adopts novel rare-earth material ndfeb;Winding coil material is the enamel covered wire of 0.8mm diameter, magnetic bearing axle
Air gap between, radial direction rotor is 0.3mm.Radial direction bearing capacity:f r >=200n, axial bearing capacity:f z ≥150n.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electro spindle is it is characterised in that include the rotating shaft being installed on cylinder barrel
(1), 1 two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor, 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings and self-aligning bearing (2), its
In, two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor includes two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension induction motors torque control winding (7) and two certainly
By degree magnetic suspension asynchronous motor suspension controling winding;Described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor passes through two degrees of freedom magnetcisuspension
Floating asynchronous motor rotor (18) is installed in rotating shaft (1), and described 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings are through Three Degree Of Freedom
AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor (12) is symmetrically arranged in the rotating shaft (1) of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor both sides;Institute
State arbitrary Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing and combine formation five degree of freedom magnetcisuspension with two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor
Floating asynchronous machine;Described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor rotor (18) adopts cage rotor, described two degrees of freedom magnetic
Suspension induction motors torque control winding (7) is proximate to three-phase windings za, zb, the zc of inner circle, described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension
Asynchronous motor suspension controling winding (8) is cylindrical three-phase windings xa, xb, xc, described two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous electric
Machine direct torque winding (7) and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor suspension controling winding (8) all using monolayer staggered form around
Mode processed, star-like connection, and be 1 around radical, parallel branch number is 1;Described self-aligning bearing (2) is used for preventing from breaking suddenly electric or magnetic
When bearing arrangement is out of control, Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor (12) is collided with axial stator (13), and described two freely
Degree magnetic suspension induction motors torque control winding (7) and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor suspension controling winding (8) are every
Groove number of conductor turns are respectively 41 circles, and the line footpath of series conductor is 0.71mm, the stator of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor
Parameter is: internal diameter 98mm, external diameter 155mm, slot number 36, and core length is 105mm;Two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor rotor
(18) parameter is: internal diameter 38mm, external diameter 97.4mm, slot number 32, and core length is 105mm;The asynchronous electricity of two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension
The air gap of the stator of motivation and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor rotor (18) is 0.3mm.
2. a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electro spindle according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described
Cylinder barrel includes cylinder barrel overcoat (16), cylinder barrel inner sleeve (17) and cylinder barrel serpentine pipe (15).
3. a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electro spindle according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that described
Two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension induction motors torque control winding (7) and two degrees of freedom magnetic suspension asynchronous motor suspension controling winding
(8) it is embedded in the stator slot of cylinder barrel inner sleeve (17).
4. a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electro spindle according to Claims 2 or 3 it is characterised in that
Described 2 Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearings are embedded in cylinder barrel inner sleeve (17), described Three Degree Of Freedom alternating current-direct current mixing magnetic
Fixed axial stator (13) and radial stator (14) on bearing, described axial stator (13) and radial stator (14) are upper to be fixed forever
Magnet (6), described permanent magnet (6) is wrapped Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing radially control winding (4) and Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing axle
To controling winding (5).
5. a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electro spindle according to Claims 2 or 3 it is characterised in that
On described cylinder barrel inner sleeve (17) equipped with for detect electro spindle in the shaft position sensor (10) of radial and axial displacement and
Radial displacement transducer (3) and displacement transducer reference rings (11), displacement transducer reference rings (11) are radial displacement transducer
(3) radial displacement measuring basiss are provided.
6. a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electro spindle according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that described
Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor (12) positions rotor for radial-axial Three Degree Of Freedom.
7. a kind of five degree of freedom Digit Control Machine Tool high-speed magnetic levitation electro spindle according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that described
Three Degree Of Freedom AC-DC hybrid magnetic bearing rotor (12), axial stator (13) and radial stator (14) are all using the silicon that 0.5mm is thick
Steel disc is overrided to form, and described permanent magnet (6) adopts ndfeb;Described Three Degree Of Freedom magnetic bearing radially control winding (4) and three is freely
The coil of degree magnetic bearing axial controling winding adopts the enamel covered wire of 0.8mm diameter, and axial-radial air gap is 0.3mm.
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CN201210472348.1A CN102921971B (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2012-11-21 | High-speed magnetic suspension electric main shaft for five-freedom numerically-controlled machine tool |
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CN201210472348.1A CN102921971B (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2012-11-21 | High-speed magnetic suspension electric main shaft for five-freedom numerically-controlled machine tool |
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CN102921971B true CN102921971B (en) | 2017-01-25 |
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CN117424413B (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2024-07-23 | 淮阴工学院 | Five-degree-of-freedom magnetic suspension motor with axial permanent magnet auxiliary excitation |
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