CN102906446A

CN102906446A - Self-energizing braking device

Info

Publication number: CN102906446A
Application number: CN2011800254197A
Authority: CN
Inventors: J·哈梅拉尔斯; O·波尔藤; J·米尔利切
Original assignee: Pintsch Bubenzer GmbH
Current assignee: Pintsch Bubenzer GmbH
Priority date: 2010-06-14
Filing date: 2011-06-14
Publication date: 2013-01-30
Anticipated expiration: 2031-06-14
Also published as: WO2011157400A1; CN102906446B; DE102010023699A1; DE102010023699B4

Abstract

A self-energizing braking device which, during braking, exerts a braking force on an active surface of a braking element (119), in particular a brake disc (119). The self-energizing braking device comprises a brake head (100) which can be adjusted between a braking position and a venting position and has a braking member (112) acting on the braking element (119) in the braking position. During braking, the braking member (112) moves over an adjustment distance along the active surface of the braking element (119) and is coupled to an adjustment component (113), which is adjustable with respect to the braking member (112) and perpendicularly with respect to the active surface, in such a manner that said adjustment component is adjusted counter to the action of a tensioning device (331) acting on the brake head (100). The adjustment component (113) thus builds up a braking force on the braking member (112) and therefore on the braking element (119). In this case, the adjustment distance of the adjustment component (113) can be set via a stop (115) acting on the braking member (112).

Description

The self energizing effort break

Technical field

The present invention relates to the self energizing effort break, it has brake head, and this brake head has the brake body that links to each other with adjustment piece, and this brake body acts on brake component such as brake disc or the brake drum when braking.Thus one, between brake body and adjustment piece, LAP occurs, and the backstop that acts on brake body defines the motion of adjustment piece.The motion of adjustment piece overcomes the effect of fastening device (such as spring) to be carried out, thereby this fastening device applies in accordance with regulations constant braking power to brake head and then to brake body.

Background technique

The industry break is used in the different work power trains.They stop into the heavy heavy burden of ton or stop to stop in moment and bear a heavy burden and must reliable operation.Because environmental conditions is abominable and for the safety technique consideration, industrial break must satisfy many strict demands.According to the difference of application, these requirements are also completely different.Usually, mustn't apply very high braking moment is used for for example holding the weight that falls at crane.Other braking system must can be born high-energy, especially in the conveying engineering equipment of for example surface mining.Other braking system for example keeps again, and rotating speed or the torque of the Work machine in production plant are constant.

As having a power failure, then braking system should make machine (the failure safe protection: FAILSAFE) of stopping automatically if there is fault.

With application separately irrespectively, people need more durable, the few maintenance and the braking system of low energy consumption, its feature is compact structure and thereby economizes ground and/or lower cost of production and have simple constituent elements.Therefore, target provides a kind of break with high braking moment, and it is for closed break or keep break often to open not needing for example hydraulic control unit of high energy consumption of extra power as far as possible.

In the situation that braking force is large, mostly need large-scale Effector, this is because if steering force is little, then lever group stroke length if perhaps lever drive is less, then must need very large steering force for identical braking force to obtain enough large velocity ratio.

A kind of alternative solution way is the self energizing effort principle.

In the self energizing effort situation, will be used for strengthening braking action by the existing energy of the part that braking process is obtained from be braked system.For example, the brake disc frictional force that acts on lining pad is used to strengthen braking force.This so-called servo-effect (SERVO Effekt) can utilize structure technology for example to realize with lever or wedge.Compare with lever principle, the wedge principle gets the nod basically.Although self energizing effort brings many advantages, it seldom is used in the modern industrial braking technology so far.The substitute is, basically realize the generation of braking force by brute spring and corresponding high power hydraulic drive unit.

In automotive field, studying break self energizing effort principle.Here, with adopting perfect control technique, better measure the self energizing effort braking action and stop scotch locked (self-locking).For this reason referring to the Berne moral. " Modelling and Validation of the Mechatronic Wedge Brake " (SAEInternational:2003-01-3331 of high nurse Bert, in March, 2003), " Modelling Testing the Mechatronic WedgeBrake " (SAE International:2004-01-2766, in January, 2004) and " Modelling and Control of aSingle Motor Electronic Wedge Brake " (SAE International:2007-01-0866, in January, 2007).

In addition, German patent application open source literature DE 10350225A1 discloses a kind of break for lift or conveying equipment (the KSP configuration of SITEMA company), and it utilizes the self energizing effort principle.This break is placed on the transport lever with the descending weight of maintenance, protection or emergency braking.For this reason, the gripping sleeve that has an external conical shape structure at chuck on the application position on the transport lever side face.It also is during movable internal taper hole clevis overlaps that gripping sleeve is movably housed in one.On the position of declutching, the pressure opposite with disc spring power that gripping sleeve applies by annular piston is maintained on the position of declutching.Make chuck be resisted against backstop by corresponding spring.When pressure disconnected, disc spring overcame the chuck spring force gripping sleeve is pressed in the internal taper hole.Thus, break acts on transport lever.If there is load-carrying to act on this bar, then produce self-servo action, it further draws in internal taper hole with gripping sleeve.But the motion of gripping sleeve is subject to the restriction of annular piston, and this annular piston is in stop dog position in the situation that is not stressed.For this reason, the impacting force of regulation acts on this bar.But this break can't be declutched under carrying smoothly.In addition, need to be used for the pneumatic equipment of release brake.

Other self energizing effort system is open by open source literature DE 102008036033A1 and DE 102006036278B3.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, task of the present invention is, a kind of simple self energizing effort break of the impacting force for generation of stipulating is provided, the brake component that it is particularly useful for rotating (dish, drum), and under carrying, also can simply be thrown off, and at least part of above-mentioned shortcoming that has overcome known break.

According to the present invention, this task will be finished by the theme of independent claims.Dependent claims and following embodiment's explanation and accompanying drawing have provided modification and preferred implementation.

A first aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of self energizing effort break, and its working surface to brake component when braking applies braking force, and this brake component is brake disc especially.The self energizing effort break has and can and declutch and adjust mobile brake head between the position in application position, and this brake head has the brake body that acts on brake component in application position.This brake body was passed by one section along the working surface of this brake component in when braking, and adjust stroke and so be hinged on can be with respect to this brake body and on perpendicular to the controlled adjustment piece of this working surface, that is, this adjustment piece is adjusted mobile according to the mode of the effect that overcomes the fastening device that acts on this brake head.This adjustment piece forms the braking force that acts on brake body and then act on brake component.At this moment, the adjustment stroke of this adjustment piece can be set and adjustment by this backstop changes by the backstop that acts on brake body.

By backstop and fastening device (it bears by adjustment piece and moves the potential energy that produces), although certain friction valve fluctuation is arranged, but can produce the braking force of regulation, that is, self-servo action is limited to brake head and acts on the fixed value of brake component with this.The complete self-locking of brake body is effectively stoped and can be realized simply declutching of break.Therefore, this brake structural is allowed large self energizing effort multiple.In order to reduce brake body to the percussion of backstop, damping piece can be set also in backstop.

In addition, because backstop is stipulated out the tightening force of fastening device, just can adjust the braking force of regulation by the position of adjusting backstop, and need not break is taked complicated structural modification.For same purpose, also can adjust this fastening device as mentioned belowly.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, brake body and adjustment piece are by being bonded with each other with respect to the wedge-shaped structure of adjusting the stroke directions inclination.The inclination of this wedge-shaped structure (α) is between 0 degree and arctan (μ min), and wherein, μ min represents minimized friction coefficient or the friction valve of braking device.Relation between inclination (α) and the friction valve μ min derives from the break work according to the self-locking pattern, under this pattern, in a single day brake body touches brake disc, then need not additional force ground and jointly driven on brake component turns to by the frictional force that acts between brake component and the brake body, this causes the stroke between brake body and adjustment piece.Therefore, realize in combination braking force in accordance with regulations according to break work and the backstop on the brake body of self-locking pattern, need not complicated control technique.

This joint is for example realized by rolling bearing or sliding bearing.For example in the corresponding oiling agent situation of use, adopt sliding bearing.

According to another mode of execution, the self energizing effort break comprises wedge-shaped structure, and it has two plug section that play a role in different directions from each other.

Thus one, this break can irrespectively be put into use with the moving direction of brake component irrelevant (turning to of brake disc or brake drum), and this is because that therefore can obtain in the reciprocal moving direction of brake component regulation and the braking force of different sizes perhaps.

Another embodiment of the invention is devoted to the self energizing effort break, and wherein, wedge-shaped structure has at least one roller, and described plug section is bonded with each other by described roller.For this reason, the rubbing action between brake body and the adjustment piece is optimized.

Described roller for example is cylindrical needle roller.Needle roller provides the large contact surface between plug section long-pending.The uniform force that can obtain on lining pad thus, distributes.The power effect on the plug section of being evenly distributed on has reduced the wearing and tearing in the bearing and has strengthened the functional reliability of break.Perhaps, adopt ball as roller.

According to another mode of execution, brake body and adjustment piece for example engage for avette or oval-shaped roller by cross section, and the wobbler action by roller realizes or change the adjustment stroke between brake body and the adjustment piece.

According to an alternate embodiments of self energizing effort break, brake body is connected with adjustment piece in mode that can hinged rotation by thrust piece, and it allows shock proof especially joint where necessary.

The bearing that is used for connecting brake body and adjustment piece that might save like this, relatively more expensive, that maintenance work is intensive or not too durable type.

According to an improvement project of the present invention, the self energizing effort break comprises two backstops, and these two backstops are used for the adjustment stroke at two reverse motions direction adjusted brake bodies of brake component.

Thus, can obtain self energizing effort braking action according to the rules, the sense of rotation of this and brake disc is irrelevant.

According to another mode of execution, the self energizing effort break comprises the elastic component as fastening device, is preferably spring.

Spring is the standard piece with specify mechanical performance, and allows break to have compact structure.Thus one, break is particularly useful for local less commercial Application.In addition, in the situation that spring, the braking force that obtain can also be by simple adjustment.

According to another mode of execution, this finishes by spring pre-tightening.

This spring (being Compress Spring mostly) compressed or stretch (extension spring) to change its pretightening force.By the pretightening force of spring, can make break be adapted to different loads to be braked, complicated structural modification need not be taked, thereby this break can be in wide variety of applications, used.Adjusting perhaps of this braking force can be carried out in the power scope of a broadness.

As an alternative or supplement, elastic component also can be the function that one or more parts, the especially brake rod of braking system or the connection rod set that connects brake rod can be shouldered by its intrinsic elasticity elastic component, as described in following also general.By suitably selecting used parts according to required elasticity, also can realize pretension at this.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, brake head is arranged on the brake lever group rotationally, so that in application position and the adjustment movement between the position of declutching.Like this, the advantage of perfect braking leverage (lever brake, caliper brake) and the advantage of self energizing effort break can merge.

The brake lever group comprises brake rod at this moment, and it has the motionless bar center of rotation in position and fixing velocity ratio.Brake head is arranged on the end of brake rod or between the two ends of brake rod.Brake rod makes brake head turn to application position from the position of declutching around the motion of its bar center of rotation.

According to an alternate embodiments, the self energizing effort break comprises two brake heads, these two brake heads lay respectively on the brake rod, and these brake heads act on two opposed working surfaces of this brake component in application position, and this fastening device acts between brake rod.According to a preferred implementation, the self energizing effort break is lever brake, wherein, brake rod is roughly along the arranged tangential of the moving direction of brake component, perhaps the self energizing effort break is caliper brake, and wherein, brake rod is along the radial arrangement of the moving direction of brake component.

In both sides, apply braking force symmetry and uniformity and stoped flecition transverse to the moving direction of brake component to be braked.And, can realize fast braking, this is because the rubbing action of twice acts on this brake component.Owing between brake rod, at this fastening device of center arrangement, and because fastening device acts on two brake rods simultaneously, thereby can obtain the compact structure of break.

In another embodiment, break is floating caliper formula break or fixed card jaw type break form.

Another embodiment of the invention has been described such self energizing effort break, wherein, is provided with for the centering body with brake head centering between two brake rods.

Centering body acts on brake rod symmetrically, and causes the motion of the identical but opposite direction of brake rod degree and the identical gap of declutching is arranged between brake component and lining pad in the brake component both sides by mandatory guidance.Like this, brake head can enter its declutch the position and in next braking process again by identical and shift to symmetrically brake disc.Therefore, this break can irrespectively use with the mounting point.Centering body also is used for making the working surface of participation role have identical wearing and tearing.

Description of drawings

Below, describe embodiments of the invention in detail in connection with schematic diagram, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the perspective view of braking system, and this braking system comprises the break of the present invention that is the caliper brake form, regulating device of the present invention, retaining mechanism and brake-releasing gear;

Fig. 1 b is the detail perspective view of retaining mechanism;

Fig. 1 c is the schematic diagram of retaining mechanism;

Fig. 2 is the declutch sectional view of brake head of position of being in of break of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the view that is the break of the present invention of caliper brake form;

Fig. 3 b is the schematic diagram that is the break of the present invention of lever brake form;

Fig. 3 c is the perspective cut-away schematic view that is the break of the present invention of floating caliper formula break form;

Fig. 4 is the view of regulating device;

Fig. 5 is the perspective cut-away schematic view of brake-releasing gear;

Fig. 6 a is the schematic diagram of braking system, and this braking system comprises break of the present invention, regulating device, retaining mechanism and at the locational brake-releasing gear that declutches;

Fig. 6 b illustrates the braking system shown in Fig. 6 a that is in application position;

Fig. 6 c illustrates the braking system shown in Fig. 6 a that is in application position;

Fig. 6 d illustrates the braking system shown in Fig. 6 a that is in application position;

Fig. 6 e illustrates the braking system shown in Fig. 6 a that is in the position of declutching;

Fig. 6 f illustrates the braking system shown in Fig. 6 a that is in application position;

Fig. 6 g illustrates the braking system shown in Fig. 6 a that is in application position;

Fig. 7 illustrates the control graph for brake system operation, and this braking system comprises break of the present invention, regulating device, retaining mechanism and brake-releasing gear;

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of centering body according to an embodiment of the invention; With

Fig. 8 b is the schematic diagram of centering body according to an embodiment of the invention.

Embodiment

Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 illustrate basic structure and the function of braking system 10, and this braking system comprises the embodiment of break of the present invention.Shown braking system 10 has the brake lever group 200 that is the caliper brake form, and this brake lever group is adjusted end 225 at it and linked to each other with regulating device 300 and be equiped with brake head 100 at its dog point 226.Centering body 600 plays a role between brake rod 220, below also will describe in conjunction with Fig. 8 the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of this centering body.Regulating device 300 links to each other with the adjustment end 225b of brake rod 220b by adjustment block 224 at the one end, and this brake rod is made of two fishplate bars that be arranged in parallel.The other end of regulating device 300 links to each other with retaining mechanism 400, and this retaining mechanism consists of with brake-releasing gear 500 adjusts assembly 700, and this adjustment assembly is hinged and connected by the adjustment end 225a of its case frame 710 with brake rod 220a.By adjusting assembly 700 and regulating device 300, braking system 10 can be in its application position and its adjusted displacement between the position of declutching.Whole braking system 10 is according to being fixedly secured at bar center of rotation 221 places relative to the mode that the brake disc that consists of as brake component 119 rotates, definitely say fixing like this, the sagittal plane as working surface of brake disc 119 (seeing Fig. 3) passes through between mutual opposed brake head 100 between two parties.

Brake head 100 shown in Figure 2 comprises brake body 112 and is fixed in lining pad 116 on this brake body, the acting on the sagittal plane of brake disc 119 when the braking and by brake disc 119 braking action is passed to brake axle as the rubbing surface of working surface of this lining pad.

Brake body 112 is set to and can adjusts mobile and be maintained on the adjustment piece 113 at initial position (Fig. 2) by totally four springs 120 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 3) with respect to adjustment piece 113.Adjustment piece 113 itself is connected with hinge bodies 121 usefulness bolts, this hinge bodies pass through columniform alignment pin 122 with respect to adjustment piece 113 by centering.By from two outstanding pins 123 of hinge bodies 121, whole brake head 100 is by on the hinged

dog point

226a and 226b that is contained in

brake rod

220a, 220b respectively, and the end of these two pins is stretched into respectively in the support angle 124 that is fixed on the adjustment piece 113.

The tension force of spring 120 can be regulated by the adjusting fishplate bar 125 that is fixed on adjustably on the hinge bodies 121.

There are respectively a plurality of wedge slots 118 that are parallel to each other and extend on the mating face toward each other of brake body 112 and adjustment piece 113, described wedge slot by relative tilt, limit as the wedge surface 114 of adjusting range.Between adjusting range 114, the quantity according to wedge slot 118 (be four at this) is provided with the roller 117 that is roller or voller pin formality.Position and roller 117 by wedge slot 118, define brake body 112 with respect to the initial position (as shown in Figure 2) of adjustment piece 113, and this initial position is got off by flexible fastening by spring 120, thereby brake body 112 can relatively adjustment piece 113 adjusted displacements on direction of arrow P.

Operational adjustment stroke s limits by the adjusting screw 115 as backstop this moment, and the position of this adjusting screw can be fixed by lock nut.

Above-mentioned brake head so plays a role when braking:

At first, brake head 100 utilizes the working surface of lining pad 116 to cling on the sagittal plane of the brake disc 119 that direction P rotates.The rubbing action that applies makes brake body 112 shift to backstop 115 according to the mode that acts on lining pad 116.Here, wedge surface 114 relatively moves, and definite saying by roller 117 subtends rolled.When brake body 112 when direction P moves, these rollers 117 leave the notch bottom surface and arrive the domatic of wedge surface 114 when rolling, and at this moment brake body 112 are clamped on the sagittal plane of brake disc 119.Thus one, the power that acts on brake head 100 is enhanced, and then braking effect is enhanced.

At this moment, so set the slope of wedge surface 114, namely, wedge surface 114 and roller 117 mutual self-lockings engage, that is, these rollers 117 can not slip in the wedge slot 118 under the effect perpendicular to the power of direction of arrow P from brake disc 119 when the relative adjustment pieces 113 of brake body 112 are adjusted displacement in braking process.

In order to adjust the braking force that is produced by wedge action, provide as follows measure:

On the one hand, backstop 115 is used for restriction and adjusts stroke s, thereby also limits the adjustment piece 113 that caused by wedge action perpendicular to the adjustment displacement of direction of arrow P.

For the braking force that obtains to limit, arrange and adjust assembly 700 related regulating devices 300.Here, according to Fig. 4, regulating device 300 comprises the driving component 330 that is the push rod shape, and this driving component is being adjusted end 225b and played a role with adjusting between the case frame 710 that end 225a links to each other.In addition, push rod 330 passes the end plate 720 of case frame 710, stretches in the retaining mechanism 400 and (sees following and Fig. 1 b and 1c).The Compress Spring 332 (the following Regulation spring that also claims) that consists of as controlling mechanism act on end plate 720 and the baffle ring 336 that can regulate along the push rod axis by screw thread between.

Push rod 330 itself can be fixed or unclamps by retaining mechanism 400 relative case frames 710.When push rod 330 was fixed, Regulation spring 332 was inoperative.When push rod 330 is released, Regulation spring 332 struts the brake rod 220 of adjusting on the end 225 by following manner, namely, Regulation spring is bearing between the front end-plate 720 of baffle ring 336 and case frame 710, here, it acts on by case frame 710 and adjusts end 225a, and then acts on adjustment end 225b.The adjustment power of Regulation spring 332 is delivered to push rod 330 by baffle ring 336 this moment, and be passed to another baffle ring 335 by this push rod, this another baffle ring and another Compress Spring 331 that consists of as fastening device (below be also referred to as fastening spring) join, and this another Compress Spring also is directed to and is placed on the push rod 330.The other end of fastening spring 331 acts on adjustment block 224, and this adjustment block is by among the hinged adjustment end 225b that is contained in adjustable lever 220b of joint pin (also seeing Fig. 1).In addition, push rod 330 passes adjustment block 224 and locked and can not skid off by latch movably from adjustment block 224.As the spring force of the Compress Spring of fastening device 331 obviously greater than the spring force as the Compress Spring 332 of controlling mechanism.Like this, the corrective action of Regulation spring 332 is delivered to by fastening spring 331 and adjustment block 224 and adjusts end 225b, and is imported into case frame 710 by housing front end-plate 720, and then also is delivered to adjustment end 225a.When push rod 330 is released, adjust end 225a and 225b and strutted thus, and brake head 100 is resisted against on the sagittal plane of brake disc 119 with brake body 112 or lining pad 116.

On this position, push rod 330 also and then with respect to adjusting end 225a is fixed with respect to case frame 710 by retaining mechanism 400.By through lining pad 116 adjustment power along direction P effect on brake body 112, brake body 112 is adjusted at direction P with respect to adjustment piece 113.The roller wedge action that rolls into the roller 117 of wedge slot 118 makes adjustment piece 113 leave brake disc perpendicular to the sagittal plane of brake disc 119.In other words,

dog point

226a and 226b are oppressed, and separately definite says, overcomes the fastening spring 331 that acts between end 225a and the 225b adjusting.Adjusting end 225b, power is imported into adjustment block 224 and is passed to fastening device 331 and baffle ring 335 by adjustable lever 220b, is imported thus into push rod 330.Adjusting end 225a, the push rod 330 that power is imported into retaining mechanism 400 and is fixed with respect to retaining mechanism 400 by case frame 710, and then be passed to stop member 335.

Like this, braking force is to be out of shape to form by the regulation of fastening spring 331.Braking force can be regulated by the corresponding pretension of fastening spring 331 and via baffle ring 335, perhaps regulates by the Compress Spring of selecting to have other spring constant.Braking force limits by the adjustment stroke s of brake body 112 with respect to adjustment piece 113, and can change by regulating this backstop 115.Regulate this backstop by different modes, it also can be changed according to sense of rotation.

A plurality of needle rollers 117 with circular cross section cause between the adjustment stroke that the degree that struts and the brake body 112 of brake head 100 are passed by in plane wedge surface 114 opposed situations especially and have linear relationship.Roller 117 with avette especially oval cross section allows various strutting/adjust stroke characteristic.Utilize the roller 117 of wobbler action, the plane working surface can without wedge action be bonded with each other.

The quantity of wedge slot 118 depends on sometimes conflicting factors, for example the wearing and tearing of surface pressure, associated components, manufacturing expense and/or cost of production.

Perhaps, the plug section that is wedge surface 114 shapes of brake body 112 and adjustment piece 113 is directly stacked and consist of as sliding bearing.The slip surface of proper lubrication agent or coating allows to use and especially can bear the sliding bearing (for example in the long braking period that break is engaged for a long time) of high static load, and the rolling bearing with substantially cylindrical or spherical roller or driving component 117 is applicable to dynamic load (high braking frequency).

Also there is the mode of execution with non-planar surface plug section.By selecting favourable plug section shape, break can be adapted to the application best.For example can alleviate to Crescendo braking action.

According to another alternate embodiment (not shown), brake body 112 and adjustment piece 113 interconnect by thrust piece.Thrust piece links to each other by rotating hinge with the end of brake body 112 at thrust piece, thereby the adjusting angle between thrust piece and brake body 112 is variable.Adjustment piece 113 is arranged on the other end of thrust piece.Thrust piece for example is lever or connecting rod, and it is hinged on brake body 112 and the adjustment piece 113 rotationally.Self-servo action depends on that the line of action that extends through articulating point is with respect to the drift angle of adjusting stroke.By the adjustment stroke of the brake body 112 when adopting self-servo action, similar to the aforementioned embodiment, overcome fastening device 331 effects, realized the displacement of adjustment piece 113.

Allow adjustable constant braking moment on special formed, any moving direction of arranging and being configured in brake disc 119 of brake body 112 and adjustment piece 113, and needn't intricately be reequiped by break.This makes break can have many purposes.

Other mode of execution that is used for the backstop location is feasible, for example in a side a plurality of screws 115 is arranged.In addition, backstop 115 can be placed on the guide rail according to removable and lockable mode.Cushion block also can be used to regulate stop dog position.Preferably also in backstop, be integrated with damping piece, be used for receiving the brake body percussion when break is got involved.Thus one, with significant prolongation backstop working life.

Fastening spring 331 as by screw thread be placed in push rod 330 entities on the guide mechanism 333 that firmly is connected, and these guide mechanism prevention fastening spring 331 stressed bendings.Baffle ring 335 is arranged on the spring guide mechanism 333.

Controlling mechanism 332 or Regulation spring 332 also can be arranged on the spring guide mechanism 334, and this spring guide mechanism stops Regulation spring 332 stressed bendings.Regulation spring 332 is being located at the baffle ring 336 on the spring guide mechanism 334 and is being located at effect between the adjustment block 224 on the rod end 225b.Spring guide mechanism 334 is for example also locked on push rod 330 by screw thread.Two spring guide mechanisms can have thread section, can change whereby the position of

baffle ring

335 or 336, with pretension Regulation spring 332 or fastening spring 331.

The lever mode of execution

Fig. 3 b illustrates the schematic diagram of the passive break that is the lever brake form.This break does not have brake component 119 or brake disc 119 as shown in the figure.

This break also has two brake heads symmetrical, opposite each other 100 (seeing Fig. 1), and this brake head can utilize lever group 200, and the working surface with lining pad 116 is resisted against on the brake disc 119 of process between the brake head 100 in both sides.For this reason, the brake rod 220 bar center of rotation fixing around the position 221 rotated, in this mode of execution, the bar center of rotation lays respectively at fixed point end 227a or the 227b of brake rod 220.Brake head 100 is placed on the brake rod 220 by pin 222 respectively by a kind of structure (it is to described similar in conjunction with Fig. 2) rotationally between two parties, thereby here, the working surface of lining pad 116 also irrespectively always is being flattened on the brake disc 119 on the application position with the inclination of brake rod 220.

Brake rod 220 with articulating point 221

opposed adjustment end

228a and 228b, two brake rods 220 are connected on the driving component 330 that is the push rod shape by connection rod set 223.Push rod 330 is connected with adjustable lever 223a by the adjustment block 223b that is removably set on the push rod 330 at the center.Adjustment block 223b is arranged on rotationally by the articulated pin (not shown) on the end of adjustable lever 223a of connection rod set 223.Act on the push rod 330 of adjusting assembly 700 by front end-plate 720 and can be bearing in this adjustments assembly with moving axially and stretch in the retaining mechanism 400 by backstop 338 and (see following and Fig. 1 b and 1c), in order to fix or unclamp push rod 330 with respect to the case frame 710 of adjusting assembly 700.

In order to adjust push rod 330, similar to the break that is the caliper brake form namely for the braking of break with declutch, be provided with a fastening device 331 and a controlling mechanism 332 at push rod 330 vertically, they are constituted as respectively spring.These two springs are the Compress Spring form.Here, as the spring force of the Compress Spring of fastening device 331 also significantly greater than the spring force as the Compress Spring 332 of controlling mechanism.Fastening device 331 is arranged on push rod 330 parts outstanding from adjust assembly 700 and is bearing between " backstop 337 that is positioned at push rod 330 ends " and " side of adjustment block 223b ", and this adjustment block is passed to the brake disc (not shown) with clamping action through connection rod set 223 and brake head 100.Controlling mechanism 332 is positioned at adjustment assembly 700 and plays a role between " being positioned at the backstop 338 of push rod 330 ends " and " adjusting the front end-plate 720 of the case frame 710 of assembly 700 ".

Among this embodiment, braking process is so design:

When push rod 330 was released, Regulation spring 332 stretched between backstop 338 and end plate 720, and push rod 330 was drawn in adjust in the assembly 700.Adjustment block 223b acts on connection rod set 223, and this connection rod set makes brake rod 220 swing around bar center of rotation 221, thus braking

rod end

228a and 228b mutually near and brake head 100 be resisted against brake disc.Regulation spring acts on adjustment block 223b by backstop 337 and fastening spring 331 332 this moments.

On this position, push rod 330 is fixed in the case frame 710 by retaining mechanism 400.By on this position of brake body 112 along the frictional force of direction P effect, brake body 112 and adjustment piece 113 are strutted.

Braking rod end

228a and 228b are oppressed according to the mode of separating this moment, and connection rod set 223 is compressed fastening springs 331 by adjustment block 223b towards backstop 337.Like this, braking force also is out of shape to produce by the regulation of fastening spring 331 at this.Braking force change can by fastening spring 331, adjust by the corresponding pretension of backstop 337, and/or adjust by the Compress Spring of selecting to have certain spring constant.Any brake head 100 designs are all similarly applicable.

Between brake rod 220, preferably also be provided with a centering body 600, it makes the synchronized movement of brake rod 220 and move distance be complementary (seeing Fig. 8).

The floating caliper mode of execution

Fig. 3 c illustrates the sectional perspective view of the break that is floating caliper formula break form.

Different from embodiment before, the break shown in Fig. 3 c is active brake, and it is closed and maintenance braking under the energy input condition, in case the energy input is interrupted, then declutches.

It comprises caliper assembly 900 and brake piston 800, and they respectively have a

brake head

100a or 100, and described brake head is mutually opposed and act on a brake disc (not shown) that extends between brake head 100a and 100.Caliper assembly 900 is equipped with the clamp brake head 100a that is not with self energizing effort mechanism.Caliper assembly 900 with respect to brake disc and movably floating elastic supporting of piston 800,, can adjust constant air gap between clamp brake head 100a and brake disc by keep-spring by the caliper linear guiding mechanism here.The 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of caliper assembly is corresponding to the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of floating caliper formula break commonly used.Therefore, below will abandon explanation to the caliper start.

Piston 800 has replaced the oil hydraulic cylinder that adopts in configuration commonly used.Piston comprises that the adjustment assembly 700 that acts on brake head 100 is used for making the tight lock of this break and declutching.Brake head 100 has brake body 112(, and it comprises lining pad 116 towards brake disc) and adjustment piece 113, they have the wedge slot 118 that comprises wedge surface 114 in both sides opposite each other.Brake body 112 is hinged on the adjustment piece 113 by being arranged on needle roller (not shown) between the wedge surface 114, that play the roller effect.

The side face of cylindricality cup-shaped slide block 340 inserts in the groove of establishing for it of adjustment piece 113 in the top side.Slide block 340 is arranged on movably in the housing member 704 of adjusting assembly 700 and by adjusting assembly and controls its motion.Push rod 330 can move with respect to slide block 340 and the housing member 704,703 that is fixedly linked along its longitudinal axis 715, and this push rod 330 acts on the brake body 100 according to the mode that acts on adjustment piece 113 by push rod backstop 330a, and passes between two parties the bottom surface of slide block 340.In the bottom surface of slide block 340 with fixedly secure between the chuck 339 on the push rod 330, be supported with a fastening device 331, this fastening device is dish reed group (Tellerfederpaket) form here.

In order to adjust mobile putter 330, in another housing member 702, controlling mechanism 332 is installed, this controlling mechanism by longitudinally pass controlling mechanism 332, as the roller screw 558(Kugelumlaufspindel of adjustment piece) act on push rod 330.For this reason, this screw rod 558 is fixedly connected with the end of push rod 330.Controlling mechanism 332 is constituted as rotating nut 332, and its rotating nut inner ring (not shown) is hinged on the nut outer ring (not shown) that fixedly is anchored in the housing member 702 rotationally by the ball bearing (not shown).The rotation of nut inner ring makes roller screw 558 carry out the axial motion of adjusting this push rod 330.

The cushion block 407 that is contained in the housing member 702 makes the nut inner ring be connected with the rotor 560a of torque motor 560 with live axle 408 by corresponding flange, and the stator 560b of this torque motor is anti-to be remained on the housing member 701 rotationally.

In addition, live axle 408 passes retaining mechanism 400, and this retaining mechanism comprises the clutch 444 that clamping body freewheel 433 and the outer hub 443b that is connected freewheel connect, as described in conjunction with Fig. 1 c.Clutch 444 is electromagnet-spring pressure jaw clutches (Elektromagnet-Federdruckzahnkupplung), in case electromagnet is energized excitation, this clutch just is engaged by electromagnet, and is opened again by spring force under no current state.It is used for bearing the moment load and it being passed to housing member 702 in application position.The interior hub 443a of freewheel is connected to live axle 408, and outer hub 443b links to each other with this clutch.Motor 560, retaining mechanism 400 and brake-releasing gear 500 of roller screw 558 common formations ".

For closed this break, motor 560 and freewheel 443 (clutch/magnet) are activated.The rotation of rotor 560a is passed to the nut inner ring by middleware 407 and live axle 408, and roller screw 558 and push rod 330 are moved along braking direction B, this push rod abuts to brake head 100 on the brake disc together with lining pad 116 according to the mode that acts on adjustment piece 113.According to the rotation of live axle 408 with respect to outer shroud 443b, hub 443a rotated at braking direction B in freewheel 443 allowed.

By being in brake disc in the rotation at direction P to the rubbing action that lining pad 116 applies, make brake body 112 move one section and adjust stroke s, this adjustment stroke s is defined by the backstop 115 that side is located on the adjustment piece 113.Needle roller in the wedge slot 118 rolls at wedge surface 114 this moment, the result, and brake body 112 and adjustment piece 113 are passed by, and also the while struts brake head 100 according to adjusting stroke s to LAP.Adjustment piece 113 makes slide block 340 shift to spring plate group 331, and this spring plate group is bearing on the chuck 339, and this chuck 339 is fixed by the freewheel 443 that plays the locking effect at the direction L that declutches.At this moment, the clamping action that is caused by adjustment stroke s will be delivered to brake disc by slide block 340 and brake head 100.The floating caliper mode of execution allows at this moment break centering on the brake disc and is used for without flecition ground this brake disc of braking between

lining pad

116 and 116a.

In order to unclamp this break, the energy supply of motor 560 and clutch 444 is interrupted.Clutch 444 is opened.Dish reed group 331 is by pushing up push rod backstop 330a from this adjustment piece 113 at the mobile chuck 339 of the direction L that declutches now.Now, rotating nut 332 and rotor 560a are free to rotate and allow the disengaging campaign of the push rod 330 facilitated by screw rod 558.The adjustment piece 126 that between housing member 704 and adjustment piece 113, plays a role, for example be the Compress Spring form with brake head 100 tops from this brake disc.On declutching the position at this moment, the extension spring 120 that plays a role between brake body 112 and the adjustment piece 113 also brake body 112 is remained on the adjustment piece 113.

Described adjustment assembly 700 does not need the intensive large-scale power hydraulic control unit of maintenance work.The use of torque motor 560 is allowed very compact and reduced-maintenance " line braking " structure.

Also can be used in fixed card jaw type break and/or similar in the centering type break in conjunction with described piston 800 working principles of Fig. 3 c.

As shown in the substituting of break mode of execution, fastening device 331 is spring not necessarily, also can be the resilient member of braking system.For example, brake rod can be used as fastening device (seeing Fig. 6 f), and its clamping force that acts on brake disc is produced by its resiliently deformable (bending) in braking state.But, other member also can produce braking force by reverse jumping-up, stretching, extension and/or distortion.A plurality of members also can produce needed clamping action jointly.

Retaining mechanism

Retaining mechanism 400 (seeing Fig. 1 and 1b) is included in the slide 410 that case frame 710 interior straight-line guidances move, and this slide is connected with an end of push rod 330, thereby this slide is followed the straight line motion of push rod when adjusting (braking/declutch).Rotatable support axle 412 therein is housed on the slide 410, and this axle is along the horizontal expansion of push rod 330 and at the anti-gear 445 that is equiped with rotationally of this axle.Gear 445 is engaged on the tooth bar 446 that is fixedly connected with case frame 710, thus slide 410 in the adjustment campaign (braking/declutch) of push rod 330 in case frame 710 cathetus motions and make axle 412 and gear 445 rotates.

Axle 412 at one end stretches out outside the slide 410.At this end freewheel 443 is housed, this freewheel is by hub in it and axle 412 anti-being rotationally connected, and its outer hub with adjust clutch 444 and be connected (be magnetic force jaw clutch at this), but this adjust clutch by moment dish 449 with respect to case frame 710 anti-rotations but the setting of linear relative movement ground.This anti-being rotationally connected by guide protrusions 448 realize, this guide protrusions is in corresponding guide groove 712 interior movements, and described guide groove extends along adjusting direction.

Adjustment clutch 444 is closed by adjustment spring (not shown) and is opened when electromagnet is switched on by electromagnet.When adjusting clutch 444 closure, the outer hub of freewheel 443 is fixedly connected with moment dish 449, and then by anti-twist-lock.On the disengaged position of adjusting clutch 444, axle 412 can only adjust upward in the idle running side of freewheel 443 for this reason, and another sense of rotation is locked by adjusting clutch 444 by the clamping body (not shown) that acts on outer hub.At this moment, freewheel 443 so is orientated, that is, push rod 330 can only upward be adjusted relative to case frame 710 at direction B (braking direction) with the slide 410 on being fixed on push rod and move, and definite says and the location independent of adjusting clutch 444.When clutch 444 closure, can only realize moving along direction B.Therefore, adjusting

end

225a and 225b can be strutted under the effect of Regulation spring 332.

When braking, by the brake head 100 generation counter-forces of self energizing effort, this counter-force is passed to push rod 330 by fastening spring 331, and then is passed to slide 410, and this slide is at the upper pressurized of direction of arrow L (direction declutches).But this side up, gear 445 is fixed by the clutch 444 of axle 412, freewheel 443 and locking, thereby slide 410 is locked with respect to tooth bar 446 and case frame 710, thus also locking the motion of push rod 330, the result keeps braking action.

When discharging this and adjust clutch 444, the hub of freewheel is released, and axle 412 or gear 445 be unlocked, thereby push rod 330 subsequently can be in the situation that direction L motion and slide 410 is removed that this side up is mobile in braking force.At this moment, gear 445 is in the situation that drive freewheel 443 in tooth bar 446 rotations.Slide 410 moves along direction L case frame 710 is interior under fastening spring 331 effect, and braking action alleviates.Slide 410 consists of as connected member 447 in this mode of execution.

Clutch 444 for example constitutes the clutch 444 of form fit, especially is constituted as by spring by the magnetic force jaw clutch of no current closure.Clutch 444 is electronic.In the case, it realizes failure safe protection principle (FAIL SAFE Prinzip), that is, the break safety under industrial break typical case powering-off state is closed.In other embodiments, the power transmission route produces by the disc clutch.These alternate embodiments have also realized failure safe protection principle.

Fig. 1 c illustrates the schematic diagram of the alternate embodiments of retaining mechanism 400.

Retaining mechanism 400 comprises the rotating nut 441 as converting unit, and it can freely rotate with respect to case frame 710.It has internal thread and by this screw rod of screw rod 440(as adjustment piece and with outside thread) pass, here, two screw threads are intermeshing.Screw rod is fixedly connected with push rod 330 in the vertical at the one end, that is, be that axle is parallel with respect to push rod 330.When the adjustment campaign (braking/declutch) of push rod 330, screw rod 440 is vertically moved.Simultaneously, by screw thread this rotating nut 441 is rotated.

The anti-rotation of interior hub 443a of freewheel 443 clamping bodies is arranged on the rotating nut 441, and the outer hub 443b of freewheel 443 is threaded with clutch 444.The U-shaped spare 449 that plays the effect of moment bearing is created in being rigidly connected between retaining mechanism 400 and the case frame 710, and bears the torque load that transmitted by clutch 444 by rotating nut 441 and it is passed to case frame 710.For this reason, U-shaped spare 449 is connected with a pipe 451 that also guides by screw rod 440 in the center indentation, there that screw rod 440 passes, clutch 444 connects 450(such as key by axle-hub) be fixed on this pipe, in order to torque load is passed to U-shaped spare 449 from clutch 444.

At the end away from push rod 330 of the clutch 553 of brake-releasing gear 500, screw rod 440 has connected member 447 (not shown) such as magnetizable sheet metal 447, and (see Fig. 6 a), it can be connected such as electromagnet with clutch 553.

Adjustment clutch 444 is closed by adjustment spring (not shown) and is separated when electromagnet is switched on by electromagnet.When adjusting clutch 444 closure, the outer hub 443b of freewheel 443 firmly is connected with moment bearing 449 and then is fixed by anti-rotation.For this reason, at this switching position place that adjusts clutch 444, rotating nut 44 can only adjust upward movement in the idle running side of freewheel 443, and the clamping body of another sense of rotation by the outer hub 443b of acting on of freewheel 443 utilizes clutch 444 locked.At this moment, freewheel 443 so is orientated, that is, push rod 330 and the screw rod 440 that is fixed on the push rod are adjusted mobilely direction B (braking direction) is upper only with respect to case frame 710, and definite says, no matter the position of adjusting clutch 444 how.In other words, when clutch 444 closure, can only move at direction B.Like this, adjusting end 225 can be strutted under the effect of Regulation spring 332.

When braking, by counter-force of brake head 100 generations of self energizing effort, this counter-force is delivered to push rod 330 by fastening spring 331, and then is delivered to screw rod 440, and screw rod is pressurized on direction of arrow L thus.But this side up, rotating nut 441 is fixed by the clutch 444 of freewheel 443 and locking, thereby has locked screw rod 440 with respect to case frame 710, for this reason also locking the motion of push rod 330, the result has kept braking action.

When adjusting clutch 444 and thrown off, the hub of freewheel is released and rotating nut 441 is unlocked, thereby screw rod 440 subsequently can be in the situation that braking force be removed moves at direction L with push rod 330.Braking action alleviates.

The clamping body freewheel has the little clamping body of inertial mass, and response can be born high-torque, and be had little skidding fast.But the identical mode of execution of other effect of freewheel 443 is feasible.In addition, used freewheel 443 should be suitable for bearing the torque that is produced by rotating nut 441 on the locking direction.

This to utilize the structure of the retaining mechanism 400 of screw rod 440 and rotating nut 441 be compact, thereby can weight reduction and save local.

The clutch 444 that the present invention was suitable for always can switch under carrying, because otherwise, can't be declutched according to the break of described working principle.

In addition, retaining mechanism 400 for example can come automatic friction compensation pad wearing and tearing by micro-adjusting mechanism, thereby constant maintenance air gap and and then braking characteristic.

Brake-releasing gear

Fig. 5 shows the perspective cut-away schematic view for the brake-releasing gear 500 of caliper brake or lever brake.

Brake-releasing gear 500 has housing 550, and this housing is made of cylindrical sleeve 510, and its opening two ends are sealed with front end-plate 511 and end plate 512.But be bearing in the case frame 710 housing 550 traveling priorities own.For this reason, adopt the projection 513 be formed on

end plate

511 and 512, described projection and slide 410 are similarly at the groove 713 interior guide movements of case frame 710.

End plate 512 links to each other with screw rod 558, passes the rear end 721 of case frame 710 and can be adjusted mobile by linearity by the stepper motor 560 that is installed in the there.Spiro driving device is the self-locking structure type, thereby it is not only adjusted at direction L that this screw rod closes the stopping time at motor 560.Brake-releasing gear 500 can be mobile at direction L and B in case frame 710 by screw rod 558 and stepper motor 560.

Front end at brake-releasing gear 500 is provided with the switch clutch that is sticking electromagnet 553 forms, and it can connect when being incorporated in retaining mechanism 400 and unclamping with magnetic force and connected member 447 or slide 410 linearities and adjust mobile putter 330 according to the mode that overcomes Regulation spring 332 power on the direction L that declutches.

Brake-releasing gear 500 also comprises fastening device, be used for applying the adjustment power of following acquisition: clutch 553 firmly is connected with a slide block 557 that passes front end-plate 511 for this reason, this slide block links to each other with chuck 556 by traction piece 554 in its back-end, the external frame of this chuck is corresponding to the interior profile of cylindricality sleeve pipe 510, thereby but slide block 557, traction piece 554 and chuck 556 traveling priorities be placed in cylindricality sleeve pipe 510 or the front end-plate 511.Between the opposed end face of the inward faces of front end-plate 511 and chuck 556, a Compress Spring 551 serves as clamping element, and it is pressed to chuck 556 on the inner bottom surface of end plate 512, and on the position shown in therefore by traction piece 554 slide block 557 being remained on.

Traction piece 554 links to each other with the slide block 557 of cup-shaped by guide head 555, and this guide head itself is bearing on slide block 557 bottom surfaces by the supporting shoulder.Traction piece 554 is passed in the corresponding perforate on slide block 557 bottom surfaces, and here, the damping spring 552 that centers on traction piece 554 plays a role between chuck 556 and slide block 557 bottom surfaces, thereby the bottom surface of slide block 557 is forced into the shoulder of guide head 555.But longitudinally see, guide head 555 does not occupy the cavity 561 in the slide block 557 fully, and the result can have relative movement longitudinally between guide head 555 and slide block 557, and this moment, damping spring 552 was compressed between slide block 557 bottom surfaces and chuck 556.Housing 550, slide block 557, guide head 555, traction piece 554, chuck 556, damping spring 552 and fastening spring consist of clamp device 559.

The declutching or unclamp following finishing of break: clamp device 559 is come position Fig. 6 c shown in by the stepper motor 560 of drive screw 558 from the position shown in Fig. 6 b together with clutch 553.Clutch 553 with its end face against slide 410.

Magnetic gear 553 is activated and engages with slide 410 and then engages with push rod 330.Now, by stepper motor 560 start in the opposite direction, screw rod 558 with housing 550 backward (direction L) draw in the position shown in Fig. 6 d.At this moment, front end-plate 511 moves backward with respect to slide block 557 and fastening spring 551 is clamped on the chuck 556, and this chuck separates with end plate 512.Now, clamp device 559 is clamped and cause pulling force to act on also relative case frame 710 blocked slides 410 backwards.

For release brake, to adjust now clutch 444 and switch to disengagement (startup), thereby axle 412 and gear 445 are rotatable, as a result slide 410 along the straight line motion of direction L decontroled and this slide by clutch 553, slide block 557, traction piece 554 with act on the fastening spring of chuck 556 or throw off spring 551 and be pulled rearward moving, as a result, chuck 556 abuts to again on the end plate 512.Like this, make pull bar 330 mobile and unclamped break and (seen Fig. 6 a) at direction L according to the mode that overcomes Regulation spring 332 effect by slide 410.

When by clutch 553 during with slide 410 fast return that slide block 557 links to each other, exceeding position damping spring 552 shown in Figure 5 return movement by following manner inhibition slide block 557, that is, slide block 557 is moved relative to traction piece 554, this moment, damping spring 552 was compressed.Stop whereby this quick resilience and directly and without inhibition ground pass to end plate 512 by traction piece 554 and chuck 556, and then pass to the regulating device 562 that comprises screw rod 558 and stepper motor 560.

According to an alternate embodiments, adjustment piece 558 is shaft-like formation, and it adjusts cylinder by hydraulic pressure or air pressure adjustment cylinder drives.The identical alternative of other effect that is used for regulating device is rack and wheel assembly or ratch-Worm-gear assembly, and they utilize respectively motor to drive.

Perhaps, clutch 553 is electrodynamic mechanical type clutches, and it is only in closed in the energising situation and equally disengagement when cutting off the power supply.

The working procedure of a complete braking-circulation of declutching

Fig. 7 shows the control graph for braking system 10 work, and this braking system comprises break, regulating device 300, retaining mechanism 400 and brake-releasing gear 500.Each control step is described in detail with reference to Fig. 6 a, 6b, 6c, 6d and 6e.

Fig. 6 a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f and 6g have schematically illustrated all main members of the braking system 10 in different control steps.

This be the caliper brake form braking system 10 comprise the brake lever group, it comprises two brake rods 220 that radially arrange along brake disc 119, this brake rod 220 has two brake heads 100 that are arranged on the dog point 226.Each brake rod 220 is hinged on fixing bar center of rotation 221 places, a position.Between the adjustment end 225 of brake rod 220 regulating device 300 is arranged, it comprises spring assembly 331,332 and push rod 330.Push rod 330 inserts in the retaining mechanisies 400, and this retaining mechanism consists of together with brake-releasing gear 500 adjusts assemblies 700, here, and retaining mechanism 400 and comprise that the brake-releasing gear 500 of clamp device 559 is arranged in the case frame 710.Brake rod 220a adjusts end 225a with it and case frame 710 is rotatably connected.The slide 441 of the connected member 447 on the push rod 330, magnetisable end plate or retaining mechanism 400 is used for making regulating device 300 and clutch 553(such as electromagnet) be connected, this clutch links to each other with stepper motor 560 by the adjustment piece that is screw rod 558 forms, this stepper motor also also makes push rod 330 move for making electromagnet move 553 whereby, and this causes alternately occurring of the application position of brake head 100 and the position of declutching.

About Fig. 6 a:

Braking system 10 is positioned at the position of declutching according to the mode of fastening spring 331 effects that overcome pretension.Brake head 100 is released and form one air gap with respect to brake disc 119.Retaining mechanism 400 is unlocked, thereby push rod 330 can unrestricted motion on both direction.But, end plate 447 links to each other with the electromagnet 553 of connecting, and this moment, clamp device 559 was positioned at clamped position (right side farthest), and this overcomes Regulation spring 332 and makes land used brake head is remained on the position of declutching.

Fastening spring 551 and damping spring 552 all are invalid under this state.

Below, will describe each system unit close fit in detail and obtain difference control step shown in Figure 7:

In Fig. 6 b (step 0 of Fig. 7), braking system is in application position:

In when braking, for example because of outage from the position shown in Fig. 6 a, the connection between electromagnet 553 and the end plate 447 is disconnected.Simultaneously, retaining mechanism 400 is by locking, and this stops push rod 330 to move along direction L.

By the effect of Regulation spring 332, make adjustment end 225 that push rod 330 moves away case frame 710 and brake rod 220 by support separately, thus one, brake head 100 is against the sagittal plane of brake disc 119.The rubbing action of passing through to apply makes brake body 112 move adjustment stroke s along direction P relative to adjustment piece 133, and this struts brake head 100 again.Just fastening device 331 bears the brake head 100 that is transmitted by brake rod 220 and struts effect, and this is because push rod 330 is locked with respect to case frame 710 on direction L.Backstop 115 on brake head 100 has limited the adjustment stroke s of brake body 112, thereby stops brake body 112 self-locking or locking when braking, and defines the size of the self-servo action that is applied by fastening spring 331 with fastening spring 331.

Obtained braking force by retaining mechanism 400, this braking force is that the self-servo action by brake head 100 produces by fastening spring 331.

Because being connected to when cutting off the power supply between electromagnet 553 and end plate 447 separates automatically, so, described braking system 10 applicable safety brake or the emergency brakes (failure safe protection FAIL SAFE) done.

In Fig. 6 c (step 1 among Fig. 7), break still is in application position:

Stepper motor 560 makes clamp device 559 move along direction B by screw rod 558 together with the electromagnet 553 that is switched on.This electromagnet joins end plate 447 to.Stressed and the retaining mechanism 400 of fastening spring 331 is by locking.Damping spring 552 and the fastening spring 551 of clamp device 559 are unloaded.

In Fig. 6 d (step 2 among Fig. 7), break also is closed:

Now, stepper motor 560 is in the situation that retaining mechanism 400 locking and electromagnet 553 link to each other with plate 447 moves along direction L, as a result, just the housing 550 of brake-releasing gear 500 overcomes fastening spring or opens the spring 551 relative slide blocks 557 of effect and traction piece 554 returns.In order to obtain reliable working method, the holding force of electromagnet 553 should be greater than the power effect of fastening spring 551.

In step 3 (Fig. 7), according to be used for removing the in other words electronic signal of release brake of retaining mechanism 400, braking system 10 in the situation that retaining mechanism 400 lockings and stepper motor 560 not start be in and wait the position.Electromagnet 553 is switched on.Fastening spring 331 and disengagement spring 551 are tightened up.

Retaining mechanism 400 is released when electromagnet 553 is connected in Fig. 6 e (step 4 of Fig. 7).Push rod 330 is by fastening spring 331 and throw off the effect of spring 551, overcomes Regulation spring 332 and makes land used and move relative to case frame 710 on direction L.The adjustment end 225 of brake rod 220 is guided jointly, and the brake head 100 on the dog point 226 of brake rod 220 is lifted.

In order to obtain reliable working method, the power effect of fastening spring 551 should be greater than the power effect of Regulation spring 332.

Braking system 10 is in again the position of declutching now also can be by again start.

Fastening spring 551 in clamp device 559 unclamps this break for moment.Stepper motor 560 must apply large adjustment power in order to declutch under high speed feed.Declutch and still to cause certain delay.And fastening spring 551 can be by pretension on application position, in order to unclamp as required this break at once by discharging push rod 330.

Fig. 6 e (step 5 among Fig. 7) illustrates the break that unclamps when retaining mechanism 400 is locked.Joint signal (being electromagnet 553 shutoffs or outage) may be again so that push rod 330 be thrown off, and this push rod upward moves by the direction B that acts on of Regulation spring 332 subsequently.This break will be for described its application position that is in like that of Fig. 6 b.Step 6 among Fig. 7,7,8 with 9 according to carrying out to above-mentioned

step

1,2 modes similar with 3.

Described control step is preferably carried out automatically.In the case, the instruction that the user need only given " disengagement " and/or " closure ".Perhaps, can carry out manual operation, at this moment, any independently constituent elements is controlled separately by the user.Between these two patterns, for example switch by pressing the button.Adopt reference power supply and standarized component for the control system parts, as being used for the miniature step drive device of stepper motor 560.

Below, will the working method of damping piece 552 be described:

By the self-servo action of the brake head 100 on application position, fastening spring 331 can be clamped.May in declutching preparation, break stop thus the tension of loose floodgate spring 551.If retaining mechanism 400 is unlocked with take-off the brake system 10 now, then the power effect of the whole stroke of all elastic components, especially fastening spring 331 may be directly passed to stepper motor 560 by screw rod 558, perhaps, this can cause motor 560 to bear suddenly large load, and this may easily damage motor 560.

The simple protective mechanism that is used for this situation is provided with damping piece 552, according to Fig. 6 f, this damping piece be the Compress Spring form and be arranged on the bottom surface of slide block 557 and chuck 556 between and be arranged in the axial direction on the traction piece 554.

If as being unlocked in the not stressed situation of Fig. 6 fastening spring that g is shown in 551, then the effect by fastening spring 331 makes push rod 330, electromagnet 553 and slide block 557 move along direction L relative to traction piece 554 and housing 550 now for retaining mechanism 400.This is in the situation that overcome damping spring 552 effect and carry out, thus one, and motor 560 remains unaffected and is effectively protected and avoids overload.

Centering body

Fig. 8 illustrates the schematic diagram from the centering body 600 of centering.

The housing 662 of centering body 600 by two slotted holes 668 and in slotted hole the bolt of guiding movement be positioned between the opposed connecting plate 669 (seeing Fig. 1) in the brake lever group 200.By the outstanding sidepiece of connecting plate 669, connecting plate 669 is fixed on the brake rod 220 together with centering body 600.Slotted hole allows centering body accurately to locate with respect to brake disc 119.

The housing 662 of centering body 600 is used for two tooth bars 663 of guiding.They for example are the round bar form, thereby the simple sidewise hole in housing is just much of that as guide mechanism.Two connecting rods 666 are parallel to tooth bar 663 and are positioned on the same longitudinal axis, and each connecting rod is fixedly connected with a tooth bar 663 by a universal-joint fork 667 respectively.Connecting rod 666 inserts in the brake rod with its outer end respectively, and definite says, insert in the pin between two fishplate bars being located at a brake rod 220, and there for example by nut 664 be fixed (seeing Fig. 1).

Be useful on the bearing of rotatable support gear 665 therein at the center of housing 662, the rotation axis of this gear and connecting rod 666 axes intersect, and the tooth of this gear and tooth bar 663 accurately mesh.

When braking system 10 and/or centering body 600 are devoted oneself to work, position by centering body 600 is caused preliminary centering along slotted hole 668 with respect to the Horizontal displacement of brake rod 220, so that the central point of gear 665 is centrally placed on the brake disc 119, and this position is locked by nut 664.

When braking system is worked, always obtain as described below the centering of this brake rod:

When brake rod 220a moved, locking connecting rod 666a thereon moved together with tooth bar 663a.Gear 665 is changed to rotation with this moving rotating, and this rotation is delivered to tooth bar 663b and connecting rod 666b, definitely says with degree to equate but the translational motion mode of opposite direction.Like this, the second brake rod 220b moves on the contrary with the first brake rod 220a fully.Therefore, guarantee that all the time brake head 100 is to the consistent distance of brake disc 119.

Additional integral type is crossed holder and is pressed from both sides at rack and pinion assembly and stop brake rod 220 also stuck when dead.This cross holder make " motion of brake rod 220 " with " otherwise when break enter from the position of declutching application position or the time centering " break away from related.This is crossed holder and preferably constitutes desirable broken pieces.

It is unnecessary that centering body 600 becomes complicated General Maintenance work together with micro-adjusting mechanism or the electromechanical wearing and tearing micro-adjusting mechanism that automatically weares and teares.Therefore, if safeguard that this braking system 10 just can come into operation with having outstanding performance so, for example is used in drill platform, wind power plant or tide power station or the hydroelectric power plant when being very expensive and/or complicated.

A low-cost alternative of centering body 600 comprises rotating lever 661 shown in Fig. 8 b, replace gear 665 and tooth bar 663, and the center of rotation 661a of this lever is positioned at the center of housing (not shown).Each connecting rod 666 is fixed on respectively on the termination of lever 661.If one of them connecting rod 666a moves because of brake rod, then this can cause the rotational motion of lever 661, and this causes the reversing motion of second connecting rod 666b.

Other explanation

Described break declutch scheme based on electromechanical component and take simple, compact structure and structure very gently as characteristics.Perhaps, stepper motor 560 can be substituted by other type of motor according to unshowned mode of execution.Therefore, can improve the compatibility that brake-releasing gear 500 is used for other existing braking system.This scheme that declutches also can be used in the bar braking system of any brake head design of having of other.This scheme of declutching can conserve space be replaced current brake-releasing gear commonly used such as power hydraulic pressure formula brake-releasing gear 5 or suction magnet energy-conservationly.This makes way in order to break is declutched based on stepper motor 560 at Return-ing direction.Perhaps, stepper motor 560 can be realized by the structural change on direction of advance declutching of break.Be used for making arrester close and/or keeping the normally closed special-purpose control mechanism of break optional with constant impacting force.

Described braking system 10 can have electromechanical lining pad wearing and tearing micro-adjusting mechanism, and it keeps always constant with the gap between brake head 100 and the brake component 119.For this reason, when break was in application position, clutch 553 moved to connected member 447 always.When release brake, push rod 330 has moved the distance of regulation now together with screw rod 558, therefore produce always consistent air gap.Determined distance for example is stored in the controller.In beginning after Primary regulation goes out air gap, can reduce or even avoid maintenance work to the complex and expensive of braking system 10.

This break also can be used as manual brake and uses, as being used for the maintenance work on the industry equipment.To this, also can manually send the disengagement signal of the connection disconnection that causes between electromagnet 553 and the end plate 447.

Can utilize 9 times the enhancing of being up to that realizes braking moments in conjunction with the described braking system of Fig. 6 a-6g 10.According to the size of used member, can improve the enhancing degree in the situation that pay the compact structure cost.

Those skilled in the art will obtain other mode of execution and modification from following claim.

Reference numerals list

10 braking system; 100 brake heads; 100a is without the brake head of self energizing effort; 112 brake bodies; 113 adjustment pieces; 114 wedge surfaces; 115 backstops; 116 lining pads; The 116a lining pad; 117 rollers; 118 wedge slots; 119 brake components; 120 springs; 121 hinge bodies; 122 alignment pins; 123 pins; 124 support angle; 125 adjust contact pin; 126 adjustment pieces; 200 lever groups; 220 brake rods; The 220a brake rod; The 220b brake rod; 221 bar centers of rotation; 222 pins; 223 connection rod set; The 223a adjustable lever; The 223b adjustment piece; 224 adjustment pieces; 225 adjust end; The adjustment end of 225a brake rod a; The adjustment end of 225b brake rod b; 226 dog points; The dog point of 226a brake rod a; The dog point of 226b brake rod b; 227 fixed point ends; The fixed point end of 227a brake rod a; The fixed point end of 227b brake rod b; 228 adjust end; The adjustment end of 228a brake rod a; The adjustment end of 228b brake rod b; 300 regulating devices; 330 push rods; 330a push rod backstop; 331 fastening devices/fastening spring; 332 controlling mechanisms/Regulation spring; 333 spring guide mechanisms; 334 spring guide mechanisms; 335 baffle rings; 336 baffle rings; 337 backstops; 338 backstops; 339 chucks; 340 slide blocks; 400 retaining mechanisies; 407 cushion blocks; 408 live axles; 410 slides; 412 axles; 440 adjustment pieces/screw rod; 441 converting units/rotating nut; 443 freewheels; The interior hub of 443a freewheel; The outer hub of 443b freewheel; 444 clutches; 445 gears; 446 tooth bars; 447 connected members; 448 guide protrusions; 449 moments dish/moment bearing; 450 bearings; 451 pipes; 500,500 " brake-releasing gears; 510 sleeves; 512 front end-plates; 512 end plates; 513 guide protrusions; 550 housings; 551 clamping elements/open spring; 552 damping pieces/protection spring; 553 clutches/electromagnet; 554 traction pieces; 555 guide heads; 556 chucks; 557 slide blocks; 558 adjustment pieces; 559 clamp devices; 560 motors; The 560a rotor; The 560b stator; 561 cavitys; 562 regulating mechanisms; 600 centering bodies; The 659a connecting rail; The 659b connecting rail; 661 levers; 662 housings; 663 tooth bars; 663a tooth bar a; 663b tooth bar b; 664 nuts; 665 gears; 666 connecting rods; 666a connecting rod a; 666b connecting rod b; 667 universal-joint forks; 668 slotted holes; 669 links; 700 adjust assembly; 701 housing members; 702 housing members; 703 housing members; 704 housing members; 710 case frames; 712 guide grooves; 713 grooves; 715 longitudinal axis; 720 front end-plates; 721 end plates; 800 pistons; 900 calipers.

Claims

1. self energizing effort break, its working surface to brake component (119) when braking applies braking force,

This self energizing effort break has brake head (100), and this brake head can in application position and declutch to adjust between the position and move, and this brake head has brake body (112), and this brake body acts on this brake component (119) in application position,

This brake body is passed by one section along the working surface of this brake component (119) in when braking and is adjusted stroke, and

This brake body so is hinged on can be with respect to this brake body (112) and perpendicular on the controlled adjustment piece of this working surface (113), namely, this adjustment piece is adjusted mobile according to the mode of the effect that overcomes the fastening device (331) that acts on this brake head (100), therefore and form the braking force that acts on this brake body (112) and then act on this brake component (119)

Wherein, the adjustment stroke of this adjustment piece (113) can be set by the backstop (115) that acts on this brake body (112), and the adjustment stroke of this adjustment piece (113) can change by adjusting this backstop (115).

2. self energizing effort break according to claim 1, wherein, this brake body (112) and this adjustment piece (113) are by interconnecting with respect to adjusting the wedge-shaped structure that stroke tilts.

3. self energizing effort break according to claim 2, wherein, the inclination of this wedge-shaped structure is roughly 90 degree with respect to the adjustment stroke directions of this adjustment piece.

4. according to claim 2 or 3 described self energizing effort breaks, wherein, this wedge-shaped structure has two plug section that play a role in different directions from each other.

5. according to claim 2 to one of 4 described self energizing effort breaks, wherein, this wedge-shaped structure has at least one roller (117), and described plug section is coupled to each other by described roller.

6. self energizing effort break according to claim 5, this self energizing effort break has at least one cross section and is roller avette, especially ovalize (117).

7. self energizing effort break according to claim 1, wherein, this brake body (112) is connected with this adjustment piece (113) according to mode that can hinged rotation by thrust piece.

8. according to claim 1 or 7 described self energizing effort breaks, this self energizing effort break has two backstops (115), and it is used for the adjustment stroke at reciprocal this brake body of moving direction adjusted (112) of this brake component (119).

9. according to the described self energizing effort break of one of aforementioned claim, wherein, this fastening device (331) is elastic component (331).

10. self energizing effort break according to claim 9, wherein, the braking force that is passed to this brake component (119) can be regulated by the pretension of this elastic component (331).

11. according to the described self energizing effort break of one of aforementioned claim, wherein, this brake head (100) is placed on the brake lever group (200) rotationally, so that in application position and the adjustment movement between the position of declutching.

12. self energizing effort break according to claim 11, it has two brake heads (100), these two brake heads lay respectively on the brake rod (220), wherein, these brake heads (100) act on two working surfaces of this brake component (119) in application position, and this fastening device (331) plays a role between these brake rods (220).

13. according to claim 11 or 12 described self energizing effort breaks, it is the form of lever brake or caliper brake.

14. self energizing effort break according to claim 9, it is the form of floating caliper formula break.

15. to one of 13 described self energizing effort breaks, wherein, between described two brake rods (220), be provided be used to the centering body (600) that makes these brake heads (100) centering according to claim 10.