CN102895236A - Gypensapogenin A在抗缺氧药物中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了GypensapogeninA在制备抗缺氧药物中的应用。本发明通过整体及细胞水平缺氧模型,观察GypensapogeninA的抗缺氧作用,结果表明GypensapogeninA可显著提高窒息性缺氧和急性减压缺氧小鼠的存活率和存活时间,减轻药物特异性缺氧小鼠的心肌损伤,对体外培养的乳鼠心肌细胞和神经细胞缺氧损伤亦具有显著的保护作用,提供了GypensapogeninA在制备抗缺氧药物中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种药物制品,该制品可用于防治缺氧性损伤疾病。
技术背景
氧是人类及许多生物赖以生存的重要条件。低氧(Hypoxia)是指机体生命活动所需的氧不能得到充足的供给。氧和低氧是生命活动最重要的关键因素,是生命科学基本理论的重要课题。低氧的形成可分为三类:第一类是外界环境氧含量降低,使正常生理活动过程不能摄取足够氧,如高原和航空缺氧;第二类是指因疾病等导致外界正常氧量不能充分到达机体内,造成心、脑和呼吸系统等的缺氧;第三类是机体活动所需氧消耗量,超过了生理动员能力,造成相对氧供给不足,常见于剧烈运动和超限量劳动。长期低氧是危害人体健康的重要隐患,严重者可危及生命。因此,低氧造成心、脑和呼吸系统等损伤已成为21世纪医学界急待解决的主要问题之一。
本发明涉及的化合物Gypensapogenin A是一个2012年发表(Li, N.et al., 2012. Triterpenes possessing an unprecedented skeleton isolated from hydrolyzate of total saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 50, 173–178.)的新骨架化合物,该化合物拥有全新的骨架类型,目前的用途仅仅涉及人肿瘤细胞株的细胞毒活性(Li, N. et al., 2012. Triterpenes possessing an unprecedented skeleton isolated from hydrolyzate of total saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 50, 173–178.),对于本发明涉及的Gypensapogenin A在制备抗缺氧药物中的用途属于首次公开,由于骨架类型属于全新的骨架类型,而且其抗缺氧活性强得意想不到,不存在由其他化合物给出任何启示的可能,具备突出的实质性特点,同时用于抗缺氧显然具有显著的进步。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于发现了Gypensapogenin A具有显著的抗缺氧作用,可用于防治缺氧损伤疾病,从而增加了Gypensapogenin A的应用领域。
本发明的Gypensapogenin A在制备抗缺氧药物中的应用,是Gypensapogenin A在制备防治缺氧性损伤药物中的应用。
所述化合物Gypensapogenin A结构如式(Ⅰ)所示:
本发明涉及的Gypensapogenin A在制备抗缺氧药物中的用途属于首次公开,由于骨架类型属于全新的骨架类型,而且其抗缺氧活性强得意想不到,不存在由其他化合物给出任何启示的可能,具备突出的实质性特点,同时用于抗缺氧显然具有显著的进步。
具体实施方式
本发明所涉及化合物Gypensapogenin A的制备方法参见文献(Li,N. et al., 2012. Triterpenes possessing an unprecedented skeleton isolated from hydrolyzate of total saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. European Journal ofMedicinal Chemistry 50, 173–178.和Wei, J.X. et al.,1982. Two new dammaran sapogenins from leaves of Panax notoginseng. Planta Medica, 45(3): 167-171.)。
以下通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明,但本发明的保护范围不受具体实施例的任何限制,而是由权利要求加以限定。
实施例1:本发明所涉及化合物Gypensapogenin A片剂的制备:
取20克化合物Gypensapogenin A,加入制备片剂的常规辅料180克,混匀,常规压片机制成1000片。
实施例2:本发明所涉及化合物Gypensapogenin A胶囊剂的制备:
取20克化合物Gypensapogenin A,加入制备胶囊剂的常规辅料如淀粉180克,混匀,装胶囊制成1000片。
下面通过药效学实验来进一步说明其药物活性。
以下Gypensapogenin A抗缺氧作用的实验说明:
实验一 小鼠特异性心肌缺氧实验
1、方法:
75只昆明小鼠,体重(20±2)g。随机分为5组,灌胃给药。前2组给予0.3% 羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)溶液,后3组分别给予Gypensapogenin A 0.015、0.03g·Kg-1、盐酸普萘洛尔0.03g·Kg-1,50min后,除第1组外,均腹腔注射异丙肾上腺素(ISO)15mg·Kg-1,15min后,将小鼠放入常压缺氧装置中,记录小鼠死亡时间及耗氧量。
2、结果:
异丙肾上腺素可通过兴奋心脏β受体,使心肌耗氧量增加。本实验显示,与溶媒对照组相比,Gypensapogenin A 0.015、0.03g·Kg-1能显著对抗异丙肾上腺素(ISO)导致的心肌耗氧量增加(P<0.01),同时延长小鼠缺氧密闭状态下的存活时间(P<0.01),结果见表1。
表1 Gypensapogenin A对异丙肾上腺素致特异性缺氧小鼠的影响(x±s,n=15)
注:1)P<0.01,与对照组比较,2)P<0.01,与异丙肾上腺素组比较。
实验二 小鼠常压窒息性缺氧实验
1、方法:
60只昆明小鼠,体重(20±2)g。随机分为4组,灌胃给药。第1组给予0.3%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)溶液,第2组给予盐酸普萘洛尔0.03g·Kg-1,pro组。第3、4组分别给予含Gypensapogenin A的CMC-Na溶液,浓度分别为0.015、0.03 g·Kg-1。给药50min后,置于广口瓶中并盖紧瓶塞(瓶内放置5g钠石灰)。以呼吸停止为标志,记录小鼠存活时间。
2、结果:
与溶媒对照组相比,Gypensapogenin A 0.015、0.03 g·Kg-1使小鼠在常压密闭条件下的存活时间分别延长了29.11%和40.84%,差异具有显著性(P<0.01,P<0.05)。
实验三 小鼠减压缺氧实验
1、方法:
40只昆明小鼠,体重(20±2)g。随机分为4组,灌胃给药。给药组给予Gypensapogenin A,浓度分别为0.015、0.03 g·Kg-1,对照组给予0.3% CMC-Na溶液,灌胃体积均为2ml·Kg-1。50min后,给药组和对照组各取5只,放入减压装置中,在26.7Kpa(相当于海拔约10000m)时停止减压,保持此压力不变,待动物死亡50%时,立即停止减压,缓缓放入空气,取出动物,记录各组死亡及存活数目,重复操作至实验完成。
2、结果:
Gypensapogenin A 0.015、0.030g·Kg-1使小鼠在减压缺氧条件下的存活率由对照组的30%、20%提高至70%、80%,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。
实验四 对心肌细胞缺氧损伤的保护作用
1、方法:
(1)大鼠原代心肌细胞培养:新生1-3d的SD乳鼠取心室肌剪成约1mm3大小组织块,加入0.25%胰蛋白酶-0.02%EDTA,与37℃下消化。除首次消化上清液弃去外,收集各次上清液中止消化,离心收集心肌细胞沉淀,加入含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F-12培养基和Brdu(终浓度0.1mmol/L),轻轻吹打混匀,制成细胞悬液,接种于培养瓶中,于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中孵育70min,使绝大部分非心肌细胞贴壁。
吸取瓶内细胞悬液计数,调整细胞浓度为1×105个/ml,接种到24孔板,每孔1ml;96孔板,每孔200ul。48h细胞贴壁后,更换含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F-12培养基(不含Brdu),以后每2天换液1次。
(2)心肌细胞缺氧模型建立:取培养4d的心肌细胞,换无血清DMEM/F-12培养基连续培养12h后,用无糖D-Hanks液(预先充入95%N2-5%CO2混合气饱和30min)替代正常培养基,而后迅速将培养板移入通有95%N2-5%CO2混合气的缺氧装置中,用测氧仪检测排气口氧浓度(<1%),37℃缺氧培养6h。
(3)实验分组:实验设空白对照组、缺氧模型组、缺氧+Gypensapogenin A A组(浓度0.024 mg/ml)、B组(浓度0.012 mg/ml)、C组(浓度0.006 mg/ml),共5组,每组6孔。除空白对照组外,其他各组均缺氧处理6h,正常对照组则于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中同步孵育6h。
(4)缺氧损伤心肌细胞MTT实验:取出各组样本,每孔加入20ul MTT(5g/L),于37℃、5%CO2孵箱中继续孵育4h,终止培养,倒板。加入150ul DMSO振摇15min,使结晶充分溶解,于测定波长570 nm、参考波长630nm处,测定各孔吸光度(OD)值。
MTT代谢率(%)=实验组OD值/正常对照组OD值×100%
(5)生化指标检测:取培养于24孔板的各组细胞培养上清液,用比色法测定LDH、CK活性,用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定细胞内SOD活性;用硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定细胞内MDA含量,具体检测过程及操作方法按试剂盒说明书进行。
2、结果:
当心肌细胞因缺氧受到损伤时,线粒体功能异常,氧化呼吸链受损,电子传递阻断,ATP产生减少。琥珀酸脱氢酶是琥珀酸氧化呼吸链里重要的复合酶之一,可催化琥珀酸脱氢生成延胡索酸,从而使FAD接受两个氢原子生成FADH2,然后再将氢传递给COQ,生成COQH2,继续呼吸链的电子传递过程。所以,琥珀酸脱氢酶的活性,可以反映心肌细胞缺氧损伤的程度。MTT实验原理,就是利用琥珀酸脱氢酶可以催化噻唑兰(MTT)生成紫红色不溶性有色产物的特性,通过吸光度的测定来反映各组的细胞活性。本实验结果显示:浓度分别为0.024 mg/ml、0.012 mg/ml、0.006 mg/ml Gypensapogenin A,MTT测得OD值显著高于模型组,表明均可显著增加细胞活性(P<0.01),说明Gypensapogenin A能对抗缺氧对心肌细胞琥珀酸脱氢酶活性的损害,维持缺氧损害细胞的呼吸功能;缺氧导致细胞膜损伤时,细胞内LDH、CK将外漏,导致培养基中LDH、CK活性升高,本试验显示3个剂量组与模型组相比培养基中LDH、CK活性均明显降低,表明Gypensapogenin A可在急性缺氧条件下,保持心肌细胞膜的完整性,上述结果见表2。
SOD反映了细胞清除自由基的能力,MDA反映了细胞膜脂质过氧化损害程度,本试验的3个剂量组与模型组相比细胞内SOD活性升高,MDA水平产生下降,见表3,表明Gypensapogenin A可通过增强心肌细胞清除自由基的能力对抗缺氧导致的细胞膜氧化损伤。
表2 Gypensapogenin A对缺氧心肌细胞LDH、CK外漏量的影响(x±s,n=6)
*P<0.05,**P<0.01,与模型组比较
表3 Gypensapogenin A对缺氧心肌细胞活力、SOD活性和MDA含量的影响(x±s,n=8)
*P<0.05,**P<0.01,与模型组比较
结论:Gypensapogenin A可显著提高窒息性缺氧和急性减压缺氧小鼠的存活率和存活时间,减轻药物特异性缺氧小鼠的心肌损伤,对体外培养的乳鼠心肌细胞和神经细胞缺氧损伤亦具有显著的保护作用,提供了Gypensapogenin A在制备抗缺氧药物中的用途。
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