CN102893783A - Method for culturing Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn, Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn powder and preparation thereof - Google Patents
Method for culturing Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn, Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn powder and preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for culturing Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn, which comprises the following operating steps: (1) taking Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn seeds, removing impurities, soaking, standing until germination, and culturing with water at the temperature of between 25 and 35 DEG C in a greenhouse; and (2) culturing to a period 5 to 10 days before blossom, and collecting fresh stem leaves of Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn. The invention also provides Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn powder and a preparation method thereof. The invention also provides a Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn food or health product. By the culture method, the flowering time of the Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn can be obviously shortened, so that the harvest time of the Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn is effectively shortened; meanwhile, the fresh stem leaves of the Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn before blossom are only collected, the yield of raw materials is greatly improved (by 100-200 times) on the basis of ensuring the health effect of the Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn, the profit of the Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn product is improved by about 150 times, and the commercial value is high; and meanwhile, the culture method is implemented in the greenhouse, production conditions are stable, and the culture method has good industrial application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method and buckwheat powder and preparation thereof of bitter buckwheat.
Background technology
Bitter buckwheat is tartarian buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum(L.) Gaertn), the formal name used at school hull buckwheat, another name buckwheat leaf seven, wild blue buckwheat, 10000 years buckwheats, spinach wheat, black wheat, flower buckwheat are divided into common bitter buckwheat and black bitter buckwheat, belong to the annual dicotyledonous herbaceous plant of Liao Ke Fagopyrum, grow in high and cold area.Common bitter buckwheat shell is yellow-white; Black bitter buckwheat is the bitter buckwheat of Peal blackberry, and the title of " black pearl " is arranged, and shell is aterrimus, and nutritive value is high.Bitter buckwheat is of high nutritive value than sweet buckwheat, and particularly the content of bioflavonoid is 13.5 times of buckwheat.The tartarian buckwheat bitter, property is flat cold, beneficial strength, continuous spirit, sharp knowledge has the effect of the wide intestines stomach invigorating of sending down abnormally ascending.Bitter buckwheat is rich in the nutrient components such as linoleic acid, rutin, Quercetin, phytosterol, selenium, chromium, manganese, has that functional component is abundant, integration of drinking and medicinal herbs, health care be unique.Current clinical medicine studies show that tartary buckwheat powder and goods thereof have hypoglycemic, reducing blood lipid, strengthens the effect of body immunity, and the patients such as diabetes, hypertension, high fat of blood, coronary heart disease, apoplexy are had auxiliary therapeutic action
In the situation that global obesity, hyperglycaemia, high fat of blood number obviously increase, the especially bitter buckwheat of buckwheat just in time can satisfy people to the basic demand of food nutrition, health and safety because its obvious reduction blood sugar, blood fat and cellulose and content of ashes are higher.In recent years, buckwheat and converted products thereof were in great demand in domestic and international market, and particularly in countries such as America and Europe and Southeast Asia, buckwheat and series of products market conditions thereof are good.According to investigations, the requirement of buckwheat is growing on and in the world, and the requirement of Japan, Korea S is large: Japan is buckwheat consumption big country, year consumption figure 1.16 * 10
5More than the t, and in Japan buckwheat output only has 2.1 * 10
4About t, Japan satisfies domestic consumption by the import buckwheat, wherein every year on average more than 50,000 tons, accounts for more than 63.10% of import total amount from Chinese import buckwheat.Buckwheat also is Korean, Korean's traditional food, and the Southeast Asian countries such as Hong-Kong, Macao and Singapore and the countries and regions such as the U.S., France also begin the edible buckwheat goods.
China is buckwheat big producing country, and area and output occupy the 2nd in the world, cultivated area 7.23 * 10
5Hm
2, the gross yield of buckwheat is 5.1 * 10
5T, wherein the output of tartarian buckwheat is 300-500t.Bitter buckwheat major production areas in the buckwheat in Sichuan, Yunnan and Shanxi, also there is a small amount of plantation in the Inner Mongol, 600-800 hectares/years of national bitter buckwheat cultivated areas, output 300-500t/.China is unique establishing in large scale and utilize the country of bitter buckwheat in the world, and area under cultivation and output all rank first in the world.Sichuan Province is the major production areas of the bitter buckwheat of China, and in the buckwheat type of planting, 80% is bitter buckwheat, produces about 9.6 ten thousand tons of bitter buckwheat per year, and wherein 80% as grain, and 20% is processed into various tartarian buckwheat products.In at present common buckwheat health-care (function) food, be mostly tartarian buckwheat, wheat bran or complete stool (cauline leaf flowers and fruits) primary raw material as the buckwheat health-care product.
Yet, existing buckwheat health-care product prepare after all needing to receive wheat again, per season, planting time was all longer: according to the bitter buckwheat cultivation and collection of tradition buckwheat (referring to DB51/T 812-2008), the required time of blooming is longer, generally about 60 days, a season can only be planted in 1 year in the place of production, plant spring about the 90 days time of infertility, plant autumn about the 70 days time of infertility, the per mu yield of common bitter buckwheat only has 200-400 jin, and the per mu yield of black bitter buckwheat is lower, and can only be in the area growth of height above sea level more than 1500 meters, so the cultivation production of traditional bitter buckwheat can be subject to many limitations, output increased is limited.According to investigations, at present China every year to the demand of bitter buckwheat at 1,000,000 tons, and the output of national buckwheat only have 500,000 tons left and right, 10% of the not enough international market demand amount of the annual buckwheat export volume of China, present output still can not satisfying the market demand, therefore, demand a kind of new cultivation method of bitter buckwheat and new buckwheat health-care product urgently and come meeting the market requirement.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new cultivation method of bitter buckwheat.Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of buckwheat powder and preparation method thereof, and based on food or the health products of this buckwheat powder.
The invention provides a kind of cultivation method of bitter buckwheat, it comprises following operating procedure:
(1) get bitter buckwheat seed, removal of contamination after the immersion, is placed to germination, in booth, cultivates with clear water under 25-35 ℃;
(2) be cultured to and bloom front 5-10 days, the fresh bitter buckwheat cane leaf of gathering gets final product.
Further, described immersion is at room temperature to soak 24-36 hour with clear water.
Further, in the step (1), soaking water consumption is more than 2 times of bitter buckwheat seed volume.
Further preferably, soak water consumption be bitter buckwheat seed volume 2-3 doubly.
Further, described bitter buckwheat is hull buckwheat Fagopyrum tataricum(L.) Gaertn.
Further, described bitter buckwheat seed is the seed of common bitter buckwheat or black bitter buckwheat.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of buckwheat powder, it comprises following operating procedure: take away the fresh bitter buckwheat cane leaf before spending, after completing, pulverize, namely get buckwheat powder.
Further, the fresh bitter buckwheat cane leaf before described the blooming obtains by the following method:
Get bitter buckwheat seed, removal of contamination after the immersion, is placed to germination, in booth, is cultured to clear water under 25-35 ℃ and blooms front 5-10 days, and the fresh bitter buckwheat cane leaf of gathering gets final product.
Described immersion is at room temperature to soak 24-36 hour with clear water.
Further, described bitter buckwheat is hull buckwheat Fagopyrum tataricum(L.) Gaertn.
Further, described bitter buckwheat seed is the seed of common bitter buckwheat or black bitter buckwheat.
The buckwheat powder that the present invention also provides said method to prepare.
Wherein, described buckwheat powder is black buckwheat powder, and general flavone content is 7.88--8.17%w/w, and dietary fiber content is 2.0-6.0g/100g.
The present invention also provides a kind of bitter buckwheat food or health products, and it is to be raw material by above-mentioned buckwheat powder, prepares by processing method commonly used in food or the health products.
Cultivation method of the present invention can significantly shorten the flowering time of bitter buckwheat, thereby has effectively shortened the harvest time of bitter buckwheat; Simultaneously, the present invention's fresh stem stalk leaf of bitter buckwheat before blooming of only gathering on the basis that has guaranteed the buckwheat health-care effect, increased the productive rate (100-200 doubly) of raw material greatly, and the income of bitter buckwheat product has been improved about 150 times, and commercial value is remarkable; Simultaneously, cultivation method of the present invention carries out in booth, and working condition is more stable, has good prospects for commercial application.
Embodiment
The cultivation of the common bitter buckwheat of embodiment 1 the present invention
Get common bitter buckwheat seed, removal of contamination in the clear water of 2～3 times of seed volumes, soaked 24-36 hour under the room temperature; Take out seed, be placed to germination after, in booth, cultivate with clear water under 25-35 ℃, gathered in the crops fresh cane leaf in front 5-10 days to blooming, get final product.
The present invention adopts the clear water such as running water, well water to cultivate bitter buckwheat or black bitter buckwheat, does not use nutrient solution in the incubation.
The preparation of the common buckwheat powder of embodiment 2 the present invention
Get the fresh cane leaf of embodiment 1 results, after completing, be crushed to the 80-300 order, get common buckwheat powder.
The cultivation of the black bitter buckwheat of embodiment 3 the present invention
Get black bitter buckwheat seed, removal of contamination in the clear water of 2～3 times of seed volumes, soaked 24-36 hour under the room temperature; Take out seed, be placed to germination after, in booth, cultivate with clear water under 25-35 ℃, gathered in the crops fresh cane leaf in front 5-10 days to blooming, get final product.
The preparation of the black buckwheat powder of embodiment 4 the present invention
Get the fresh cane leaf of embodiment 3 results, complete, after the freeze drying, be crushed to the 80-300 order, get black buckwheat powder.
Detect take rutin as reference, general flavone content reaches 7.88--8.17% in the buckwheat powder that the black bitter buckwheat cane leaf of the present invention's results prepares, and general flavone content is about 2-4 times of general tartarian buckwheat (2-3%)
[1]Dietary fiber content 2.0-6.0g/100g in the black bitter buckwheat cauline leaf powder of the present invention, and dietary fiber content is 1.62g/100g in the general tartarian buckwheat
[2]
The preparation of the bitter buckwheat functional food of embodiment 5 the present invention
Get the common buckwheat powder of embodiment 2 preparations or the black buckwheat powder of embodiment 4 preparations, use the common dosage forms method to produce granule, tablet, hard shell capsules, soft capsule or medicinal tea.
Brief summary:
(1) the stem stalk leaf part of bitter buckwheat because the present invention only gathers is not gathered in the crops seed and flower, thus temperature select 18-22 ℃ that is different from traditional cultivation
[3]Experiment finds, cultivates bitter buckwheat well-grown down at 25-35 ℃, cultivate can bloom in about 30 days, and this temperature and extraneous having a narrow range of temperature realizes that easily temperature controls that energy consumption is lower.
(2) airing is 1-2 hours, and the fresh cane leaf of bitter buckwheat of results is fully dispelled the heat, and prevents from sealing out condensed water, can reduce part moisture, is conducive to subsequent production.
(3) in the conventional method, the method that adopts the solution that contains trace element to carry out " hoting water treatment of seeds " (35-40 ℃) promotes the growth of seedling.In the cultivation method of the present invention, also can adopt " hoting water treatment of seeds " that seed is carried out pre-treatment.But because the annual sowing of the inventive method number of times significantly increases, when adopting " hoting water treatment of seeds ", energy consumption then can improve thereupon, is unfavorable for the saving of the energy, and cost consumption is higher; And the high temperature immersion may destroy Interior Seed and divide composition or albumen, is unfavorable for the growth of seed.Therefore, among the present invention, preferred soaking at room temperature promotes seed to sprout ahead of time.Experiment shows, after the employing soaking at room temperature, takes out seed, places and just can sprout in 1-2 days.
Below specify beneficial effect of the present invention by test example.
The yield comparison of test example 1 gained buckwheat health-care food of the present invention and existing product
The temperature of traditional cultivation is at 18-22 ℃
[3], generally to bloom in about 60 days in cultivation, the time is longer, and this also causes the harvest time of tartarian buckwheat longer; Simultaneously, current bitter buckwheat is cultivated the buckwheat (referring to DB51/T812-2008) that all needs to gather, a season can only be planted in 1 year in the place of production, planted spring about the 90 days time of infertility, planted autumn about the 70 days time of infertility, the per mu yield of common bitter buckwheat only has 200-400 jin, the per mu yield of black bitter buckwheat is lower, and can only grow in the area of height above sea level more than 1500 meters, so, the cultivation production of the bitter buckwheat of tradition or black bitter buckwheat can be subject to many limitations, and output increased is limited.
According to the specific immersion process of the present invention and cultural method, bitter buckwheat can be bloomed about 30 days, has shortened about 50% than the flowering time of conventional method, has obviously shifted to an earlier date the harvest time of bitter buckwheat, for the remarkable increment of annual production provides may.Simultaneously, the inventive method bitter buckwheat stem stalk leaf before blooming of only gathering has further shortened the harvest time of bitter buckwheat.
Compare with the bitter buckwheat cultivation method of tradition, this method is carried out in booth, but stereoscopic culture, and the whole year all can produce, calculated by 11 months terms, 7 layers of culturing rack are set, then the output in the annual every mu of area soil of the present invention can reach 20000-80000 jin, the bitter buckwheat cultivation of the raw material ratio tradition harvesting method that this method is produced is high, the output in annual every mu of soil has increased 100-200 doubly, the finished product that makes uses traditional bitter buckwheat cultivation harvesting method, has increased 100-200 doubly, and being converted into actual gain increases about 150 times.
The health care contrast experiment of test example 2 buckwheat powders of the present invention and traditional common buckwheat powder
1, trial drug
The common buckwheat powder of embodiment 2 preparations; The black buckwheat powder of embodiment 4 preparations; The common buckwheat powder of tradition: by seed and the wheat bran raw material of the common bitter buckwheat of conventional method cultivation results, after the pulverizing, drying.
2, experimental technique:
Do the blank group with normal mouse, with the negative contrast of model group, contrast as positive drug with the Chinese patent drug Tangniaole tablet, with alloxan induced hyperglycemia mice random packet, every group of corresponding test article of gavage, continuous gavage 15d, 1 times/day, the physiological saline of model group and blank group gavage equivalent be can't help water 6h in the 15 day with fasting, measure the fasting blood sugar of mouse, statistic analysis result.
3, experimental result and analysis:
3.1 the outward appearance of experiment mice and movable situation are observed
Before the administration, the mental status of blank group mouse is good, and hair color is bright and clean, and it is normal to grow; The mouse lassitude of other group, hair color is dim, and amount of drinking water is many, and the urine amount is large.After the administration 15 days, macroscopic features, amount of drinking water, the urine amount of medicine group, bitter buckwheat seed wheat bran group and bitter buckwheat (or black bitter buckwheat) cauline leaf group mouse all have some improvement, and show the successful that improves the hyperglycaemia symptom.
3.2 blood sugar detection
Measure the fasting blood sugar of mouse before and after the administration, the result of statistical analysis sees Table 1.
Table 1 buckwheat powder of the present invention and traditional common buckwheat powder are to the comparison of hyperglycaemia mouse blood sugar value (mean ± std)
Annotate: compare with Normal group, ##P≤0.01, difference is extremely remarkable;
Compare * P＜0.05, significant difference with model group; * P≤0.01, difference are extremely remarkable;
Compare Δ P＜0.05, significant difference with the common buckwheat powder group of tradition.
Experimental result shows:
(1) the front mensuration of administration is respectively organized the blood glucose value of mouse, and each group compares with Normal group, and blood glucose value difference is extremely remarkable.Give every day mouse a certain amount of corresponding medicine, give continuously 15 days, compare with model group, the blood glucose value (p＜0.01) that the common buckwheat powder of the present invention's preparation and black buckwheat powder all can extremely significantly reduce the hyperglycaemia mouse, the common buckwheat powder of tradition also can significantly reduce the blood glucose value (p＜0.05) of hyperglycaemia mouse, and difference has statistical significance; This just shows that the present invention prepares the blood sugar better effects if that buckwheat powder reduces the hyperglycaemia mouse;
(2) with traditional common buckwheat powder relatively, the black buckwheat powder hypoglycemic activity of the present invention's preparation be significantly increased (with the common buckwheat powder ratio of tradition, p＜0.05).
(3) the common buckwheat powder with the present invention's preparation compares, and it is not remarkable that black buckwheat powder group reduces blood glucose value difference, and two groups of effects are more or less the same.
The black buckwheat powder of test example 3 the present invention preparation and the comparison of the black whole tartary buckwheat powder of tradition
1, trial drug
The black buckwheat powder of embodiment 4 preparations;
The black whole tartary buckwheat powder of tradition: by the black whole tartary buckwheat of conventional method cultivation results, comprise cane leaf flowers fruit, pulverize, drying, and get final product.
2, test method
Do the blank group with normal mouse, with the negative contrast of model group, contrast as positive drug with the Chinese patent drug Tangniaole tablet, with alloxan induced hyperglycemia mice random packet, every group of corresponding test article of gavage, continuous gavage 15d, 1 times/day, the physiological saline of model group and control group gavage equivalent be can't help water 6h in the 15 day with fasting, measure the fasting blood sugar of mouse, statistic analysis result.
3, result of the test
Measure the fasting blood sugar of mouse before and after the administration, the result of statistical analysis sees Table 2.
The comparison that the black bitter buckwheat cauline leaf of table 2 and black whole tartary buckwheat product etc. affect hyperglycaemia mouse blood sugar value (mean ± std)
Annotate: compare with Normal group, #P≤0.05, significant difference ##P＜0.01, difference is extremely remarkable;
Compare with model group, * P≤0.05, significant difference * * P＜0.01, difference is extremely remarkable.
Experimental result shows:
(1) compare with model group, the black whole tartary buckwheat powder group of tradition, the present invention deceive the buckwheat powder group and can both extremely significantly reduce the blood glucose value of hyperglycaemia mouse, and difference has statistical significance (p＜0.01);
(2) with the black whole tartary buckwheat powder of tradition relatively, the black buckwheat powder group of the present invention reduces blood sugar does not have significant difference, namely both to reduce the blood sugar effect of hyperglycaemia mouse suitable.
In sum, cultivation method of the present invention can significantly shorten the flowering time of bitter buckwheat, thereby has effectively shortened the harvest time of bitter buckwheat; Simultaneously, the present invention's fresh stem stalk leaf of bitter buckwheat before blooming of only gathering on the basis that has guaranteed the buckwheat health-care effect, increased the productive rate (100-200 doubly) of raw material greatly, and the income of bitter buckwheat product has been improved about 150 times, and commercial value is remarkable; Simultaneously, cultivation method of the present invention carries out in booth, and working condition is more stable, has good prospects for commercial application.
List of references:
[1] Tang Yu, etc., the research of Flavone Content of Buckwheat. the journal .2001 of Sichuan Agricultural University, 19 (4): 352-354;
[2] Zhang Qiang, etc., bitter buckwheat functional component and development and use thereof. Shaanxi Normal University's journal (natural science edition) .2009,23(4): 87-89.
[3] Yang Mingjun, etc., tartarian buckwheat Comprehensive High-yield Cultivation Techniques, Inner Mongol agricultural science and technology, 2010 (3): 129.
Claims (10)
1. the cultivation method of bitter buckwheat, it is characterized in that: it comprises following operating procedure:
(1) get bitter buckwheat seed, removal of contamination after the immersion, is placed to germination, in booth, cultivates with clear water under 25-35 ℃;
(2) be cultured to and bloom front 5-10 days, the fresh bitter buckwheat cane leaf of gathering gets final product.
2. cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described immersion is at room temperature to soak 24-36 hour with clear water.
3. cultivation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: in the step (1), soaking water consumption is more than 2 times of bitter buckwheat seed volume.
4. cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bitter buckwheat seed is hull buckwheat Fagopyrum tataricum(L.) seed of Gaertn.
5. cultivation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described bitter buckwheat seed is the seed of common bitter buckwheat or black bitter buckwheat.
6. the preparation method of a buckwheat powder, it is characterized in that: it comprises following operating procedure: take away the fresh bitter buckwheat cane leaf before spending, after completing, pulverize, namely get buckwheat powder.
7. the preparation method of buckwheat powder according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the fresh bitter buckwheat cane leaf before described the blooming obtains by the following method:
Get bitter buckwheat seed, removal of contamination after the immersion, is placed to germination, in booth, is cultured to clear water under 25-35 ℃ and blooms front 5-10 days, and the fresh bitter buckwheat cane leaf of gathering gets final product.
8. the buckwheat powder for preparing of claim 6 or 7 described methods.
9. buckwheat powder according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described buckwheat powder is black buckwheat powder, and general flavone content is 7.88--8.17%w/w, and dietary fiber content is 2.0-6.0g/100g.
10. a bitter buckwheat food or health products is characterized in that: it is to be raw material by claim 8 or 9 described buckwheat powders, prepares by processing method commonly used in food or the health products.
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| CN103718821A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-04-16 | 成都大学 | Seeding method for tartary buckwheat |
| CN104094821A (en) * | 2014-05-18 | 2014-10-15 | 成都大学 | Culture method of high-flavonoid-content buckwheat buds |
| CN104488537A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-08 | 吴中区金庭小美华家庭农场 | Planting method of tartary buckwheat rich in gamma-aminobutyric acid and dietary fibers |
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| CN101606483A (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2009-12-23 | 上海应用技术学院 | A kind of buckwheat malt seedling dish and production method thereof |
| CN102132838A (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2011-07-27 | 湖北圣峰药业有限公司 | Preparation method for puffed chromium-enriched tartary buckwheat malt powder |
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| CN101606483A (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2009-12-23 | 上海应用技术学院 | A kind of buckwheat malt seedling dish and production method thereof |
| CN102132838A (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2011-07-27 | 湖北圣峰药业有限公司 | Preparation method for puffed chromium-enriched tartary buckwheat malt powder |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103718821A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-04-16 | 成都大学 | Seeding method for tartary buckwheat |
| CN103718821B (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2016-01-13 | 成都大学 | A kind of type of seeding of tartarian buckwheat |
| CN104094821A (en) * | 2014-05-18 | 2014-10-15 | 成都大学 | Culture method of high-flavonoid-content buckwheat buds |
| CN104094821B (en) * | 2014-05-18 | 2017-07-07 | 成都大学 | A kind of cultural method of high flavones content bitter buckwheat bud |
| CN104488537A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-08 | 吴中区金庭小美华家庭农场 | Planting method of tartary buckwheat rich in gamma-aminobutyric acid and dietary fibers |
| CN104488537B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-07-28 | 合肥巾帼农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods rich in gamma aminobutyric acid and dietary fiber duck wheat |
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| CN102893783B (en) | 2015-01-07 |
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