CN102893143B - Personnel screening system - Google Patents
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- CN102893143B CN102893143B CN201180024116.3A CN201180024116A CN102893143B CN 102893143 B CN102893143 B CN 102893143B CN 201180024116 A CN201180024116 A CN 201180024116A CN 102893143 B CN102893143 B CN 102893143B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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- G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
- G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
- G01V5/222—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays measuring scattered radiation
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- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
The present specification discloses an inspection system for detecting objects being carried by a person who is moving along a pathway. The inspection system has two detection systems configured to detect radiation scattered from the person as the person moves along the pathway and an X-ray source positioned between the detection systems. The X-ray source is configured to generate a vertical beam spot pattern and does not generate beams that move horizontally.
Description
The cross reference of related application
This application claims the right of priority of No. 61/313772nd, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application submitted on March 14th, 2010, this application is here all incorporated to herein by reference.
This application claims the right of priority of No. 61/423585th, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application submitted on November 15th, 2010, this application is here all incorporated to herein by reference.
In addition, this application claims the right of priority of No. 61/423582nd, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application submitted on November 15th, 2010, this application is here all incorporated to herein by reference.
In addition, this application claims the right of priority of No. 61/423586th, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application submitted on November 15th, 2010, this application is here all incorporated to herein by reference.
And, to be denomination of invention be " Security System for Screening People " to the application and transfer the part continuation application of the U.S. Patent application 12/887510 of applicant of the present invention, this U.S. Patent application has identical denomination of invention, also transfer the continuation application of the U.S. Patent application 7826589 of applicant of the present invention, two patented claims are here all incorporated to herein all by reference.
And, to be denomination of invention be " Personnel Screening System with Enhanced Privacy " to the application and transfer the part continuation application of the U.S. Patent application 12/849987 of applicant of the present invention, this U.S. Patent application has identical denomination of invention, also transfer the continuation application of the U.S. Patent application 7796733 of applicant of the present invention, two patented claims are here all incorporated to herein all by reference.
Technical field
This instructions relates generally to a kind of security system of the threat comprised on the person for safety check, exactly, relate to a kind of personnel's safe examination system, comprise for improvement of the modular member of portability, or rather, relate to a kind of compact with light detecting device tower.
Background technology
Be roughly entrance system (portal system) for safety check crowd, current system based on radiation used in the such as transportation point such as airport, law court, it is heavy, is unfavorable for applying easily.Regrettable, the safe examination system of this prior art is compact not (such as, there is the heavy rear end cable or wire for photomultiplier and centralized analog to digital conversion and power house being coupled together), usually use and/or transport time be difficulty with consuming time.
In addition, the power limitations of current security system is in contraband goods, weapon, explosive and other dangerous goods of detection of concealed under clothes.Usual use metal detector and chemical sniffer detect large metal and the explosive of some type, but, there are the dangerous goods of the huge number that can not detect with these devices.Plastics and ceramic weapon add the type needing security personnel to remove the non-metal article detected; The alternative speed of manual seeking target is slow, inconvenient, and ordinary populace is not high to this tolerance, time particularly as standard program in huge traffic hub, such as on airport.
The x-ray system for the article of detection of concealed on human body of known prior art has limitation in its design and method, this hinders x-ray system acquisition as the low radiation dose of health requirements, or hindering the high-quality image of generation, low radiation dose and high image quality are the commercial condition precedents that can accept.The check system operated under low-level radioactive exposure is limited to it and utilizes and obtain precision towards by a small amount of radiation of people's orientation of searching.X ray absorption and scattering also reduce the total amount of the useful X ray of the image forming people and any hiding article.In the system of prior art, the low ordinal number of the X ray of detection causes unacceptable bad picture quality.
If X-ray inspection system is used for open place, such as stadium, shopping mall, outdoor fair and exhibition etc., this problem can be more remarkable.In such place, people can be close to machine and/or have certain distance with machine.If just by the people scanned not very near X-ray machine, the image so obtained is just enough not clear, because very low to the radiation amount of intelligent.The sweep limit of system is restricted to several feet of places in distance machine front by this.But, if just by the people scanned from X-ray machine too close to, the radiation amount clashing into people can be dangerous.
Therefore, need a kind of compact ray detector/source safe examination system, it has the detection efficiency of improvement, is light but enough firm, and is easy to dismounting for transport, and easily assembles at place place again.Also need a kind of ray safe examination system, it provides good resolution and on a large scale visual field and fast scanning speeds, remains in the radioactive exposure in safety margin simultaneously.That is, this system is not only safe concerning being in in-plant people, and can also provide good resolution and penetrance at distant location.
Summary of the invention
In one embodiment, subject description discloses a kind of check system for detecting the article just carried by people, wherein, described people is just along the planar movement limited by Z axis and Y-axis, described check system comprises: a) the first detection system, be configured to when people moves along the Y-axis of described plane, detect the radiation scattered out from described people, described first detection system comprises the first flat surfaces with described plane relative positioning, and is configured to produce the electronic signal detected radiation being made to response; B) the second detection system, be configured to when people moves along the Y-axis of described plane, detect the radiation scattered out from described people, described second detection system comprises the second flat surfaces with described plane relative positioning, and is configured to produce the electronic signal detected radiation being made to response; C) x-ray source, be positioned between described first detection system and described second detection system, wherein, described x-ray source is configured to produce the bundle spot pattern along the Z axis of described plane, and wherein, described x-ray source does not produce the wave beam of the Y-axis movement along described plane; And d) disposal system, for analyzing the electronic signal produced by described first detection system and described second detection system, and for producing image over the display.
Selectively, described x-ray source is combined with chopper, and wherein, described chopper operation is to produce the scanning pencil beam along the X ray of Z axis.The scanning pencil beam of the X ray along Y-axis do not produced by described chopper.In one embodiment, described chopper comprises the chopper wheel with three slits, wherein, each slit all and contiguous slit orientate 120 degree, interval as.The described slit collimator slit parallel with at least two is aimed at, and wherein, the X ray launched from described x-ray source irradiates (illuminates) described collimator slit conically, to produce in time interleaved at least two parallel scanning beams.In another embodiment, described chopper comprises the hollow cylinder with at least one threaded hole.Described scanning pencil beam has linear scanning velocity, by revising the gradient of at least one in described threaded hole and the angle of roll can make described linear scanning velocity change or remain unchanged.Described scanning pencil beam has spot size, described spot size can be made to change or remain unchanged by the aperture width of at least one revised in described threaded hole.
Selectively, described first detection system is contained in the first involution part (enclosure), described first involution part has the first width of the opposite end extending to described first involution part from one end of described first involution part, and wherein, described flat surfaces extends along whole first width.Described second detection system is contained in the second involution part, and described second involution part has the first width of the opposite end extending to described second involution part from one end of described second involution part, and wherein, described flat surfaces extends along whole first width.Described first involution part physically separates with described second involution part, and independent of described second involution part.Described x-ray source is contained in the 3rd involution part, and wherein, described 3rd involution part physically separates with described first and second involution parts, and independent of described first and second involution parts.
Selectively, described first, second, and third involution part is all less than 88 pound weights.Described 3rd involution part is detachably connected to described first involution part and described second involution part.Described first, second, and third each of involution part is detachably connected to framework.Described chopper comprises the disk chopper being configured to be rotated by motor.The speed of chopper wheel is dynamically controlled by controller, to optimize the sweep velocity of X ray wave beam.Described first involution part comprises a) the first side, is limited by the flat surfaces of the outer surface with interior surface and human oriented, and described first side is configured to receive the radiation scattered out from people; B) the second side, acutangulate relation with described first side, described second side is limited by the flat surfaces with interior surface, and described interior surface is suitable for receiving the radiation through described first side, further, described second side is configured to only after being radiated through described first side, receive this radiation; C) the first matrix, is positioned the interior surface of described first side, and described first matrix also comprises for receiving described radiation and being the activating area (active area) of light by described converting radiation; D) the second matrix, is positioned the interior surface of described second side, and described second matrix also comprises for receiving described radiation and being the activating area of light by described converting radiation; And e) at least one photodetector, have photoresponse region and non-photoresponse region, wherein, described photoresponse zone location becomes to receive the light emitted from described first matrix and described second matrix.
Selectively, described radiation comprises x-ray photon, and described first matrix detects the 30%-60% of the x-ray photon impacting described first side.Described second matrix detects the 10-30% of the x-ray photon impacting described first side.Described check system also comprises for making the people that stands or be seated along the travelling belt of described planar movement.The image produced comprises 480 row, 160 row and every pixel 8.Described x-ray source is by being pivoted to second point from first and producing the bundle spot pattern of the Z axis along described plane, and wherein, described pivotable is felt relieved around the predetermined point of rotation.Described x-ray source and chopper be connected to be configured to vertically tilt relative to induction element and motor is made to the surface of response.
In another embodiment, subject description discloses a kind of method using check system to carry out the threat article of detection of concealed on human body, this check system comprises at least one radiation source and detector means, at least one radiation source described is for the production of the scanning pencil beam of X ray, wherein, described scanning pencil beam has path, described detector means comprises at least the first detecting device involution part with first surface and the second detecting device involution part with second surface, described method comprises step: a) make people vertical with the light path of scanning pencil beam, with the plane that described first surface is parallel with second surface moves through at least one radiation source described, b) X-ray beam being arranged in radiation source involution part is produced, wherein, described radiation source comprises the x-ray source be combined with chopper, and wherein, described scanning pencil beam, by least one slit collimation being arranged in described radiation source involution part, does not produce horizontal beam spot pattern to produce perpendicular fasciculus spot pattern, c) described first detecting device involution part or described second detecting device involution part at least one in detect by the radiation of people's scattering, and d) process the radiation that detects to produce two dimensional image, wherein, described image demonstrates any hiding explosive material carried by people.
Selectively, described chopper comprises and has the cylindrical chopper assembly of hollow cylinder, carbon fiber right cylinder and epoxy polyethylene, hollow cylinder has the spiral slit extended along described cylindrical length, carbon fiber right cylinder covers described hollow cylinder, and epoxy polyethylene right cylinder covers described carbon fiber right cylinder.Described chopper assembly is rotated by magnetic bearing assembly, and this magnetic bearing assembly comprises magnet rotor and magnetic bearing stator, and wherein, described magnetic bearing assembly is at least provided for the magnetic levitation of chopper assembly during the energising of chopper and power-down state.
Selectively, described x-ray source connects with vertical elevating mechanism, and described elevating mechanism connects with the counterweight being configured to make described x-ray source balance.Described x-ray source connects with vertical elevating mechanism, and described elevating mechanism connects with at least one lifting belt.Described x-ray source connects with vertical elevating mechanism, and described elevating mechanism connects with gear reducer and motor and do not connect with counterweight.
In another embodiment, subject description discloses a kind of method for the manufacture of check system, comprise: a) receive at least one container, wherein, at least one container described comprises the first detection system, this first detection system is configured to, when people moves along path, detect the radiation scattered out from people, and described first detection system is contained in the first involution part; Second detection system, be configured to, when people moves along path, detect the radiation scattered out from people, described second detection system is contained in the second involution part; X-ray source, be positioned between described first detection system and described second detection system, wherein, described x-ray source is configured to produce perpendicular fasciculus spot pattern, and wherein, described x-ray source is contained in be had in the 3rd involution part in angled left side and angled right side; B) described first involution part is connected to the angled left side of the 3rd involution part; And c) described second involution part is connected to the angled right side of the 3rd involution part.Call by name and talk about, the wave beam that described x-ray source is configured to produce perpendicular fasciculus spot pattern and does not produce flatly movement, or be configured to suppress described source to be moved and the bundle spot of not side direction (flatly) movement to produce (vertically) up and down.
Selectively, described first, second, and third involution part physically separates each other, and independently of one another.Described first, second, and third involution part is all less than 88 pound weights.First, second, and third involution part is all detachably connected to framework.
As further described below, this system can be equipped with two toward each other, limit people's walking path and check the system of volume.In one embodiment, described detection system and x-ray system involution part are equipped with hinged door, and this hinged door is opened to enter and checked volume and not opening after this system, thus decreases the required areal coverage (footprint) of system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
These and other feature of the present invention and advantage will be fully realized for various reasons, because when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by reference to detailed description below, they can become better understood, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 illustrates that the exemplary X-ray backscatter system for safe examination system of the present invention constructs, and comprises detection system and tower;
Fig. 2 A illustrates multiple views of the detecting device tower of embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 2 B illustrates the exploded view of photomultiplier, installation sheet and signal processing card;
Fig. 2 C illustrates the exploded view subassembly of photomultiplier, installation sheet and signal processing card being wrapped in the structure in detecting device tower;
Fig. 2 D illustrates the photomultiplier assembly of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 E illustrates the signal-processing board of the embodiment of the present invention;
The wiring diagram that four photomultipliers are connected with signal-processing board by Fig. 2 F;
Fig. 2 G illustrates the table 1 of the first group of bill of materials being included in the respective articles numbering marked in the view of Fig. 2 A to Fig. 2 F;
Fig. 2 H illustrates the table 2 of the second group of bill of materials being included in the respective articles numbering marked in the view of Fig. 2 A to Fig. 2 F;
Fig. 3 A is the schematic diagram of the unassembled and packaging constructed for the example modular X ray backscatter system of personnel's safe examination system of the present invention, and this X ray backscatter system structure comprises detection system and tower;
Fig. 3 B is the assembling schematic diagram of the example modular X ray backscatter system structure shown in Fig. 3 A;
Fig. 4 illustrates the detecting device tower pulled out from radiation housing for ease of the modular member close to safe examination system of the present invention;
Fig. 5 A illustrates the top view of the exemplary modulation dish used in safe examination system of the present invention;
Fig. 5 B illustrates the exemplary disk chopper assembly of electromagnetic machine and the bearing with associating;
Fig. 5 C illustrates according to one embodiment of present invention, is connected to the x-ray source of disk chopper;
Fig. 6 A illustrates the x-ray source be just combined with the chopper wheel in exemplary threat detection system, and " cam " mechanism of the inclination in the source of being connected to is also shown;
Fig. 6 B illustrates the stretch-out view of metal framework tilting cam mechanism 600, and the driving wheel against cam arm is also shown, makes source can vertical movement;
Fig. 6 C illustrates the another kind of view of the module shown in Fig. 6 A, and the rotation platform that source and corresponding power supply are rotated also is shown;
Fig. 7 A is the mechanical schematic of the exemplary design of an embodiment of exemplary beams forming apparatus;
Fig. 7 B illustrates the exemplary beams forming apparatus with x-ray source;
Fig. 7 C is according to an embodiment, uses of the present inventionly to have the rotary roll chopper of single source and the mathematic(al) representation of the beam trajectory obtained;
Fig. 8 illustrates another embodiment of safe examination system of the present invention in use;
Fig. 9 A is the image using the partitioning algorithm of one embodiment of the present of invention and obtain;
Fig. 9 B is the image using the partitioning algorithm of one embodiment of the present of invention and obtain;
Fig. 9 C is the close-up view of segmentation article, splits and obtain the image shown in Fig. 9 b that this close-up view obtains from using the partitioning algorithm of one embodiment of the present of invention;
Figure 10 A is the image using the partitioning algorithm of one embodiment of the present of invention and obtain;
Figure 10 B is the image using the partitioning algorithm of one embodiment of the present of invention and obtain;
Figure 11 illustrates the side view using tailored radiation source to carry out vertical scanning;
Figure 12 illustrates the top view of the exemplary safety check apparatus that the present invention uses;
Figure 13 illustrates exemplary source apparatus, the scan aperture having two-wheel and select for scope;
Figure 14 illustrates the exemplary modulation dish of the two-wheel system that can be used for described in Figure 13;
Figure 15 is another top view of the vertical scan system shown in Figure 11, and the scan aperture of one embodiment of the present of invention is also shown;
Figure 16 illustrates the exemplary arrangement for Double-visual angle, four range systems of one embodiment of the present of invention;
Figure 17 A illustrates that two detecting devices are to the response of the radiation beam traveled through on article;
Figure 17 B is two detecting devices another views to the response of the radiation beam traveled through on article;
Figure 17 C is two detecting devices another views to the response of the radiation beam traveled through on article.
Embodiment
This instructions relates to the personnel's safe examination system comprising modular member, and this modular member comprises detecting device and source unit.Modular member of the present invention allows to dismantle so that transport and easily needing place to assemble compact, light and sufficiently solid general construction for inspection again.The modular construction of the novelty of safe examination system of the present invention also allows modular member to assemble separately with Rapid fastener for assembling.Similarly, modular member is easy to dismantle so that close to the parts selected and/or for packing for transport subsequently.
This instructions or under individuality not being exposed to high radiation, and when retaining safety check process efficiency, for the method for the improvement at home place safety check individuality.Disclosed system has with individuality at a distance of the irrelevant biggest threat detection perform of the distance of safe examination system and image definition.
In one embodiment, use be used for " body imaging " any can radiography form ray image, radiography is such as but be not limited to X ray scattering, infrared imaging, microwave imaging, RF imaging, radar imagery, holographic imaging, CT imaging and MRI.Any " body imaging " system with the possibility of display health details can be adopted.In one embodiment, the present invention's radiation that any photoelectricity can be adopted to detect or any radiation source with light beam.
In one embodiment, the target that system requirements of the present invention is in inspection only presents a posture, and this system uses the single source of detecting device, circuit and the processor with single group, to produce two scanning beams and associated picture processed separately.
In one embodiment, system of the present invention walks check system, and this walks the single source that check system uses detecting device, circuit and the processor with single group, to produce two scanning beams and associated picture processed separately.
In another embodiment, this system with the operation of double source pattern, but uses detecting device, circuit and the processor of single group.
This system allow by the explosive material of such as trinitrotoluene, C-4 and pottery, graphite fiber, plastic containers, plastic weapons, vial, syringe, the anesthetic of packaging, the bank note of binding and even wooden object effectively imaging detect threat.
For in the X ray backscatter system of detection of concealed article, the pencil beam of X ray is at body surface traversal (traverses) of just checked people.Detected from the health scattering of target or the X ray of reflection by detecting device, such as, such as scintillater and photomultiplier combine.The signal obtained produced by X-ray detector subsequently for the production of target and the subject image of any hiding article of being carried by target, such as profile.
In one embodiment, X ray backscatter imaging system of the present invention is designed to its optimization for using inquiry radiation beam to the people be in motion or the nearly imaging in real time of article.This system can also by the nearly threat in real time automatically in inspection image data of process detection algorithm.
The present invention relates to multiple embodiment.What provide below is open to enable persons skilled in the art realize the present invention.The language used in this manual should not be construed as totally denying any one specific embodiment, or should not be used for restriction claim exceed term implication as used herein.Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the General Principle defined here can be applied to other embodiment and application.Equally, the term of use and word are the objects in order to describe exemplary embodiment, and should not think restrictive.Therefore, the present invention is endowed the most wide region comprising many alternative, modification and the analog consistent with disclosed principle and feature.For the sake of clarity, the details relating to technologic material known in the technical field relevant with the present invention is not described in detail, with in order to not make the present invention fuzzy.
Fig. 1 illustrates that the exemplary X-ray backscatter system for the modularization safe examination system 100 of novelty of the present invention constructs.See Fig. 1, x-ray source 160 is contained in Modularized shell 165, and for generation of pointing to the narrow pencil beam 102 being in the X ray of the target 103 of inspection.
In one embodiment, pencil beam 102 is formed by the associating of X-ray tube and Duan Shu mechanism 167.Pencil beam 102 flatly or vertically rasterisation through target.The result that this rasterisation Shi Duanshu mechanism only allows X-ray beam to project with minimum outlet aperture.If employing chopper wheel, as described below, the diameter of outlet aperture is 1mm, causes the X-ray beam departing from about 7mm.In one embodiment, target 103 is mankind.When safe examination system is posed or passed by object (just by the people scanned) 103 before safe examination system 100, pencil beam 102 colliding object obtained, thus, X ray be reversed scattering at least partially.Be described in more detail below the exemplary embodiment of Duan Shu mechanism 167.
Persons skilled in the art should be understood that, can use the ionizing radiation source of any amount including but are not limited to: gamma radiation, electromagnetic radiation and ultraviolet radiation.Preferably, the X-ray energy of employing is between 30kV and 100kV.
In one embodiment, adopt sensor 104a and 104b with pose before safe examination system when him or she or pass by safe examination system time detection people existence.
The detector means of shock at least partially 106 of scattered x-ray 105.In one embodiment, the detector means 106 in safe examination system of the present invention comprises the first and second detecting device involution parts 110 and 120 for making detection feasible.In one embodiment, the first and second detecting device involution parts 110 and 120 are presented as the form of modular radiation detector tower, comprise at least one scintillator screen.In another embodiment, the first and second detecting device involution parts 110 and 120 are the modular radiation detector towers comprising at least two detecting device screens.In alternate embodiments, detecting device involution part comprises the device of any amount, and the device of this any amount includes but are not limited to: multiple detecting device screen.Denomination of invention is " Multiple Screen Detection System ", transfer the U.S. Patent application 12/262631 of applicant of the present invention is here incorporated to herein by reference.In addition, the denomination of invention submitted on March 14th, 2010 is that the U.S. Patent application 62/313733 of " Multiple Screen Detection System " is here all incorporated to herein by reference.
As shown in Figure 1, detecting device tower 110 and 120 all comprises the first side region 141, second side region 142 and the 3rd side region 143 that couple together to be formed triangular-section each other with an angle separately.Described first side region 141 comprises screen 147, and towards being in the target 103 of inspection.Described second side region 142 comprises the second screen 148 being positioned at tower inside.In one embodiment, screen 147,148 is relatively thick CaWO
4scintillator screen, this scintillator screen has the relatively short fall time of 10 microseconds, and this relatively short fall time allows radiation beam with minimum image degradation rapid scanning.In one embodiment, CaWO
4screen can detect the backscattering of about 70% or the radiation of transmission, thus every 30keV X ray produces about 250 available optical photons.In addition, use thicker screen can with lower light output for cost and detect more incidence radiation on the detector.In one embodiment, the surface density of screen is 80 milligrams every square centimeter.
In one embodiment, in order to make detecting device tower be fastened to pedestal, large diameter rotator bolt pretension is affixed to pedestal, makes detecting device tower " to rotate " and to be locked on pedestal.Once radiation source and housing are connected to pedestal, detecting device tower just can not move and depart from (twisted off).Radiative envelope body region 165 comprises the first angled side (angular side) 170 and the second angled side 171, make when detecting device tower and radiation source housing combine or fit together, they are easy to the side 142 against detecting device tower 110 and 120, and overlap with the side 142 of detecting device tower 110 and 120.The front band 172 of object-oriented 103 comprises opening 173, and X-ray beam 102 passed this opening before shock target 103.Limited opening 173 helps to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radiated noise.Side slat band 172 also serves as the separation vessel for two detecting device towers, makes two detecting device towers be assembled in incident X-rays pencil beam 102 symmetrically around, to detect backscatter X-ray 105, and provides the electronic signal characteristics of X ray reflection ratio.
In one embodiment, detecting device tower 110 and 120 is separated by band 172, makes chopper wheel or other beam collimation device be positioned at the centre of two towers.Two towers 110,120 distance of separation " d ", this distance changes in one embodiment in the scope of 1/2 to 2 times of chopper wheel diameter.Distance " d " defines the visual field for x-ray source, and optimizes for enough visual fields, prevents crossing of detecting device from exposing simultaneously.
According to one embodiment of present invention, detecting device tower 110,120 and radiation housing 165 have other the similar non-conductive materials any providing the composite wall of optimized firm but light general construction or those skilled in the art to understand.Exactly, radiation source and the back end electronics relevant with photomultiplier, electric wire and cable are contained in composite wall and create faraday cup, thus substantially reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI).
In an embodiment of the present invention, detecting device tower 110,120 also comprise be positioned at front area 141 periphery or any one edge on light-emitting device, such as light emitting diode, for throw light on instruction safe examination system start and/or safety check well afoot.The each of tower 110,120 comprises the photomultiplier 150 being placed on tower inside, next-door neighbour's the 3rd side region 143.The back end electronics of photomultiplier 150 is contained in roughly in semicircular shell 151.
Fig. 2 a to 2f illustrates the CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION of the detecting device tower of the present invention's specific embodiment.Fig. 2 g and 2h illustrates and numbers the relevant bill of materials with the respective articles marked in the view of Fig. 2 a to Fig. 2 f.Exactly, Fig. 2 a illustrates the skeleton view of equality detector tower 210 and 220 and their respective front view 205, top view 215 and side views 216.In one embodiment, tower has the maximum gauge ' t ' of the height ' h ' of 67 inches, the transverse width ' w ' of 30 inches and 16 inches.
Referring now to the exploded view of detecting device tower in Fig. 2 b and 2c, meanwhile, installation sheet 225 be shown as with four the photomultiplier assemblies 230 " disengaging " be arranged on when assembling on sheet 225 be separated.According to embodiments of the invention, the back end electronics of photomultiplier 230 comprises and being co-located on installation sheet 225 and the signal-processing board 235 contiguous with photomultiplier.Fig. 2 d provides the more detailed view of photomultiplier assembly 230, and Fig. 2 e illustrates the detailed view of signal-processing board 235 simultaneously, and in this enforcement, signal-processing board is the four-way card corresponding with four photomultipliers.
At least one analog-to-digital conversion card and a power module are arranged on signal-processing board 235.Operating voltage is applied to photomultiplier by power module, and meanwhile, the pulse current exported from photomultiplier is converted to the digital signal for processing further by analog-to-digital conversion card.Usually, adopt a large amount of cables to be coupled together from the central mould number converter of photomultiplier a distance and power house with being positioned at by photomultiplier.By making power supply and analog to digital converter closer to photomultiplier, the electric wire of needs is less, thus, also reduces signal transient noise, and improves total signal to noise ratio (snr).Similarly, Fig. 2 f illustrates the connection of four photomultipliers 230 and signal-processing board 235.
Refer again to Fig. 2 b and 2c, meanwhile, seal 226 allows the subassembly comprising installation sheet 225, photomultiplier 230 and signal-processing board 235 to be closely installed in corresponding column foot portion 227.The structural cover protection of a set of mutual connection also allows when needed easily close to the photomultiplier be positioned on installation sheet assembly.This nested structure comprises the angle lid 240 with connector angle lid 241; There is the closing lid 245 of corresponding connectors 246; Two neat lateral plates 250 and top and bottom handle framework 255.
Return see Fig. 1, in one embodiment, check system 100 has modular member, and this modular member can be dismantled for moving and being easy to transport, and assembles in interested place again.Therefore, teardrop shape detecting device tower 110,120 and the radiation source housing 165 with relevant electronic equipment and cable manufacture the independent module or cabinet that can combine fast to form system 100.Novel teardrop shape modular construction makes compact and light total system 100 become possibility.
Fig. 3 a illustrates the dismounting view 300a of safe examination system of the present invention, and such as the modular member of detecting device tower 310,320 and radiation source housing 365 is dismantled and assembled and can packs, so that transport.Such as, the triangular-section of detecting device tower 310,320 makes these parts pack to need the mode of minimum transport space against each other.Fig. 3 b illustrates the assembled view 300b of the safe examination system built according to the shipping parcel 300a of Fig. 3 a.The modular member of safe examination system of the present invention or cabinet are designed to them and have simple and tie point intuitively, than if secured to one another for rapid-assembling by means of snap-fastener.In one embodiment, assemble/configure from the transport of safe examination system, packed state the time that safe examination system needs to be less than 30 minutes.In one embodiment, assemble/configure from the transport of safe examination system, packed state the time that safe examination system needs about 15 minutes to 30 minutes.In one embodiment, depend on assembling/setup time the need of heating or cooling unit enter safe operating temperature to make unit.
Persons skilled in the art it should be understood that the modular member design of safe examination system of the present invention is also convenient to R and M.Such as, Fig. 4 illustrates the assembling/configuration view 400 of safe examination system of the present invention, and detecting device tower 410 is pulled away from radiation housing 465, for close to housing 465 and/or the selectivity R and M for tower 410.
In one embodiment of the invention, in order to obtain the 2D image of scattered radiation, detector system utilizes twin shaft scanning beam.Return see Fig. 1, during operation, when target 103 pass by detecting device tower 110,120 or stand on detecting device tower 110,120 front time, a part of clashing into the pencil beam 102 of the X ray as ray 105 of target 103 is reversed scattering due to Compton scattering, and impacts the first shielding 147 be positioned on the front area 141 of detecting device tower.Although a part for scattered x-ray is detected by the first screen 147, the some parts of these rays, when not detected, is transmitted through the first screen 147, and impact is positioned at the second screen 148(of detecting device tower inside at side 142 place).In one embodiment, the x-ray photon of impact first screen 147 of about 40% is detected by the first screen, and the residue x-ray photon of about 24% is detected by the second screen 148.It should be noted that these number percents change according to the thickness of the energy of X ray and scintillator screen.
Photomultiplier 150 produces the electronic signal to the ray response detected, and the ray of this detection is converted into light at first.Light bounce-back around triangle involution part/tower 110,120 of being launched by the flicker on screen 147,148, until caught by photomultiplier 150.
The electronic signal produced by two detecting device towers 110,120 is directed to processor.The signal that this processor analysis receives, and produce image on the display apparatus.The intensity of the every bit on the image of display is with when wave beam rasterisation is by target, and the relative intensity of the scattered x-ray of detection is corresponding.In one embodiment, synchronizing signal is sent to processor by x-ray source 160.The signal that processor analysis detects, and itself and synchronizing signal are compared, to determine to show image.In one embodiment, display device is monitor, and for showing by the image of processor signal.Display device can be any display of knowing altogether of this area or monitor, comprises CRT monitor, LCD monitors or light emitting diode monitor.In one embodiment, the digitized dispersion image shown by display device is preferably 480 row × 160 row, and every pixel is 8.
In one embodiment of the invention, and as Fig. 8 in more detail shown in, but have employed single axle scanning beam, object can be passed by single axle scanning beam.The walking movement of object provides the second axle of motion.Therefore, any given time of the pencil X-ray bundle 102 of vertically movement is passed through in the target 103 or object move that are in inspection, by controlling the exact position (described in more detail as follows) of the known wave beam of motor of chopper wheel.In each moment, detector means 106 provides the measurement of backscatter X-ray to respond, and its intensity is presented in the image obtained.Because this system knows the position of pencil beam in each moment of detection backscattering ray definitely, so image can " be sewed up " together, to form the complicated image of object.
Therefore, in one embodiment, fixing vertical scanning wave beam forms an axle of motion, and the set goal provides the second axle of motion by walking or be transmitted through vertical scanning beam.This structure is favourable, because single axle wave beam requires the very little rectangular aperture be positioned on detecting device panel.In the current backscatter detection system utilizing twin shaft scanning beam, mechanical component requires the significant through opening between detecting device, leaves to allow scanning beam.Why need significant opening, because for twin shaft scanning beam system, when object is static (chopper wheel of rotation provides an axle of motion, and the vertical movement of the chopper wheel of this rotation provides the second axle of motion), the pencil beam projection of X ray in the horizontal direction.Therefore, in order to cover the size of human object, opening must be wider to allow the whole human body of wave cover.In addition, conventional large scale opening allows the major part of backscatter radiation not detected and escapes.
As mentioned above, in one embodiment of the invention, the second axle of motion is provided by the object of movement.Therefore, wave beam orientation can be used for vertical movement, to allow less opening and best detecting device location.Return see Fig. 1, and as mentioned above, single axle scanning system of the present invention incorporates the little rectangular aperture 172 between detector region 110 and 120, to make X ray from wherein penetrating.And little opening 172 makes extra and/or larger detecting device panel be positioned in direct specular scattering path to become possibility, thus improves picture quality.
As mentioned above, only allowing the Duan Shu mechanism that projects with minimum outlet aperture of X-ray beam by adopting, making pencil beam 102 flatly or vertically raster type scans (rastered) in target.In one embodiment, Duan Shu mechanism is the chopper wheel with three slits, described three slits are mutually positioning is 120 degree, interval, and the collimator slit parallel with two is aimed at, make each chopper slit while leaving one of parallel collimator slit, another just in time enters relative parallel slits.This generates two parallel scanning beams, described two parallel scanning beam in time staggered scannings, and, even when all use conical irradiate the single source of two parallel slits single shared detector array, circuit and process, described two parallel scanning beams can be processed respectively.
Fig. 5 A illustrates the top view of exemplary modulation dish 500, and this chopper wheel can be used for using single source to obtain Double-visual angle (using two parallel, interleaved scanning beams).Chopper wheel 500 has each other with three slits 501a, 501b and 501c that the angular distance of 120 degree is placed.Also have two parallel collimator slit 502a and 502b.Arrow 503 represents the direction of motion of chopper wheel, is clockwise in this embodiment.This layout generation two " stagger arrangement " parallel sweep wave beams, as discussed previously, this parallel sweep wave beam in time staggered scanning, therefore, it is possible to use detecting device, circuit and the processing element shared to process this two parallel sweep wave beams respectively.
In one embodiment, use electromagnetic machine driver dynamically to control disk chopper assembly to rotate.Fig. 5 B illustrates the disk chopper assembly with the electromagnetic machine of associating and the exemplary of bearing.See Fig. 5 B, disk chopper 501 is connected to radiation source 502, and in one embodiment, this radiation source comprises X-ray tube.Electromagnetic machine 503 is combined with X-ray tube 502 and chopper 501.Electric machine assembly also comprises three pressurized bearings 504 and the V-groove 505 for belt gear support section.Fig. 5 C illustrates the X-ray tube (source) 501 being connected to disk chopper 502, eliminates electric machine assembly.
In one embodiment, X-ray inspection system also comprises parametric detector, and this parametric detector makes up and monitor each launching beam, and serves as the radiological monitor for monitoring the emitted radiation in inspection area further.In one embodiment, this parametric detector is positioned in the light path before the disconnected beam device of such as chopper disk.When starting to form sweep trace, after this parametric detector also can be positioned the disconnected beam device of such as chopper disk.In this case, acceptably, radiation detector stops first 2 degree (first 2degrees) of wave beam.
Fig. 6 A illustrates in exemplary threat detection system, the x-ray source be combined with the chopper wheel as described in Fig. 5 A, 5B and 5C.Described source and chopper wheel are connected to " cam " mechanism of inclination, and make in the vertical movement process of X-ray beam, the space between sweep trace is roughly equal.See Fig. 6 A, module comprises the cam mechanism 602 of the inclination connected with x-ray source assembly 610, and the cam mechanism of x-ray source assembly and inclination is contained on framework 620.The cam mechanism 602 tilted also comprises cam guide 604.In addition, motor is also contained on framework 620, for driving the cam mechanism and belt that can promote described source.In one embodiment, handle is connected to source component 610, for source component being matched metal cam guiding frame 604 and removing source component from metal cam guiding frame 604.In various embodiments, all parts of source component all pass through to use the nut of preliminary dimension, screw and clamp and are connected securely.In addition, provide belt elevator 606 to promote and to balance described source further.
Fig. 6 B illustrates the stretch-out view of tilting cam mechanism 602, the driving wheel 640 abutted also is shown, enables source vertical movement with cam arm 642.
In another embodiment, adopt counterweight to make source balance and to reduce the pressure on lifting motor.In another embodiment, adopt two belt elevators to balance described source, which eliminate counterweight, and obtain lighter source.In another embodiment, the motor of gear reducer (15:1 minimizing) and more high torque can be adopted, to eliminate the counterweight of use, because it is 1/15th of motor weight that present described source looks.But in this case, motor must rotate with 15 speeds, to obtain identical radiation pattern.
Return see Fig. 6 A, the disc wheel cutting mechanism 614 that source component 610 comprises x-ray source 612 and is made up of the suitable material of such as metal or plastics, this disc wheel cutting mechanism is used for guiding the X ray 616 produced by x-ray source in a desired direction.In one embodiment, source component 610 also comprises the high-voltage power supply that source component is operated.In an embodiment, x-ray source 612 produces the narrow pencil beam of X ray together with Duan Shu mechanism 614, and the narrow pencil beam of this X ray points to the target being in inspection, rotated by source or wave beam traversal to produce sweep trace.In one embodiment, disc wheel cutting mechanism 614 selectively connects with cooling fin, and this cooling fin dissipates by the heat of the chopper wheel generation rotated.Fig. 6 C illustrates another view of the module shown in Fig. 6 A, and rotation platform 650 is also shown, rotates to make source and corresponding power supply.
Persons skilled in the art should be appreciated that radiation source is usually very heavy.In order to hold the weight of x-ray source, as above adopted chopper wheel structure must be quite large, because this increasing the general assembly (TW) of system.Therefore, in another embodiment, safe examination system of the present invention is equipped with rotary roll chopper, and this rotary roll chopper is designed to present the spiral profile aperture blocking device for X-ray beam scanner, and is that light weight configures with being easy to.In addition, the use of rotary roll chopper eliminates necessity of source rotation, but wave beam is from-45 degree to+45 degree traversals.
In one embodiment, rotary roll chopper allows by revising the physical characteristics of chopper devices or geometric configuration and changes speed and beam spot size.In addition, rotary roll chopper provides has constant size and the bundle spot of the vertical movement of speed, to allow irradiation object equably, and produces wider visual field during operation.
Fig. 7 A illustrates the exemplary design of an embodiment for rotary roll chopper, as used in different embodiments of the invention.In one embodiment, chopper 702 is to have the form manufacture of the hollow cylinder of spiral chopper slit 704.The cylindrical chopper 702 that makes can rotate around Z axis together with threaded hole 704, produces rotary roll motion.
Therefore, adopt the X-ray beam scanner of rotary roll chopper of the present invention to realize disconnected bundle by the hollow cylinder 702 that whirler is processed with at least two spiral slit 704, this makes X ray with constant with variable linear sweep wave beam speed and sewwp beam spot size scanning.Rotary roll chopper, by handling the geometric configuration of threaded hole, obtains constant and variable linear sweep wave beam speed.In one embodiment, by along rotary roll chopper length handle threaded hole gradient and the angle of roll changes speed or maintenance speed is constant.Therefore, likely there is constant speed or reduce sweep velocity towards the more high-resolution region of needs.
Rotary roll chopper also obtains variable with constant beam spot size by the geometric configuration handling threaded hole, therefore changes the beam power obtained.In one embodiment, likely handle the developed width in aperture, to change beam spot size.In one embodiment, the width of threaded hole changes along the cylindrical length of rotary roll chopper, with the variable range at the center of compensate opening footpath distance sources, and allows along sweep trace projection fibers spot equably.Therefore, in one embodiment, aperture distance sources is far away, and the width of threaded hole is narrower, to produce less beam spot size.In one embodiment, aperture distance sources is nearer, and threaded hole is wider, to produce larger beam spot size.
Time in for body scan data system, likely change the gradient of threaded hole and the angle of roll and width, make more beam scanning power point to the body region (hair, pin etc.) needing more details and resolution, less power points to the body region (upper abdomen etc.) more responsive to radiation.
Spiral slit 704 also guarantees that the projection of X-ray beam is not limited by the dual collimation of two slits.Discussed in more detail below, dual collimation refers to X-ray beam at set point in time by the theory of two spiral slit.The X-ray beam track 730 obtained is also shown in Fig. 7 A, describes in more detail below in conjunction with Fig. 7 C.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the spiral slit by rotary roll chopper obtains the multiple field angle changed within the scope of 60 degree to 90 degree.In one embodiment, scan angle is the function of the spacing of rotary roll chopper and source and target.In addition, the general assembly (TW) of rotary roll chopper and diameter affect field angle.Rotary roll chopper from source more close to, the rotary roll chopper of needs is less, similarly, rotary roll chopper from source more away from, the rotary roll chopper of needs is larger.
Fig. 7 B illustrates the Duan Shu mechanism of the rotary roll chopper used described in Fig. 7 A.See Fig. 7 B, cylindrical rotary roll chopper 752 is placed on radiation source 754 front, and in one embodiment, this radiation source comprises X-ray tube.In one embodiment, being rotated through the suitable motor 758 that comprises such as electromagnetic machine and promoting of chopper 752.In another embodiment, described in more detail as follows, adopt magnetic bearing so that rotary roll chopper of the present invention in rotary moving.The speed that rotary roll chopper rotates or rotating speed are controlled dynamically to optimize sweep velocity.In one embodiment, rotary roll chopper system can obtain the speed up to 80K RPM.
In one embodiment, radiation shield is arranged on radiation source 754, makes the fan-shaped beam only producing radiation from source.The fan-shaped beam of radiation launches X ray, and through serving as the rotary roll chopper of active shutter.Therefore, when rotary roll chopper and threaded hole rotate, only there is the little opening that the flying spot wave beam of movement is provided.
Fig. 7 B also illustrates disk chopper wheel 760, and it is arranged on source together with rotary roll chopper.As can be seen from Fig. 7 B, chopper wheel 760 is larger than rotary roll chopper 752 haply.
According to embodiments of the invention, in a distance from beam center, wide than other position of spiral slit (rotary roll chopper) maintenance.Fig. 7 C illustrates according to an embodiment, the mathematic(al) representation of the beam trajectory 770 using single source to obtain.In order to obtain the size of helical cuts on rotary roll right cylinder, remove a dimension (dimension) of this track.Or rather, slit is narrower at top 755, because have longer distance to go to advance at top wave beam.It is noted that when X ray wave beam is advanced through any opening, wave beam is collimated.It is far away that wave beam is advanced, and " spot " (fan-shaped beam) obtained is wider in the end of wave beam.By making slit narrow at top 755 place, solving this longer Distance geometry wave beam and widening.In addition, distance object is nearer, and such as at point 780 place, slit is wider.In addition, persons skilled in the art it should be understood that the size by controlling slit, can control the density of the wave beam of straight projection.
The denomination of invention submitted on March 14th, 2010 is that No. 61/313772nd, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application of " Walk-Through People Screening System " and children's application accordingly thereof are all incorporated to herein by reference.
It is directly related with minimum scanning height with the distance of object that system of the present invention is designed to Duan Shu mechanism.This allows source longer to the distance of object, thus, extends the depth of field relative to the dose rate arriving object.Therefore, for given imaging depth, compared with other system known in the art, system of the present invention needs less radiation dose.
The exemplary useful application of safe examination system of the present invention is shown in Figure 8.See Fig. 8, the first scan-side 810 and the second scan-side 820 are for generation of inspection area, and individuality to be scanned is passed by inspection area.This first scan-side 810 comprises two detecting device panel towers 811 and 812.In one embodiment, X ray involution part 813 is also close to the first scan-side 810.Second scan-side 820 is positioned the one side relative with the first scan-side 810 on walkway, thus forms inspection area or volume 840.Second scan-side 820 comprises two detecting device panel towers 821 and 822.Second X ray involution part is close to the second scan-side 820.When target 830 passes by system, the first scan-side 810 and the second scan-side 820 scan target, with the image of the front LOOK LEFT and rear LOOK RIGHT that obtain people.In one embodiment, the first scan-side 810 and the second scan-side 820 sequentially scan target with minimum time delay between scanning.Therefore, target 830 does not need to rotate to scan or stop; When people passes by inspection area 840, complete image can be produced simply.In one embodiment, by the passage transmission of such as movement or mobilely just passed through surveyed area by the people scanned.The image obtained is stood operator and 850 to be checked.Owing to comprising the scan-side in source and detector array for imaging, so the image produced by each scan-side also can be checked individually.Therefore, return see Fig. 8, the screen 860 of operator also separately presents except full figure draws front elevation except 856 and rear view 852 and 854.And, walk in device such, by making a few individual queue up to pass by inspection area and these people of safety check rapidly.In exemplary application, the screen 860 of operator also shows front image from the queue of three people and rear image 852 and 854.
Should be appreciated that, check system can to human body (being included in clothes or under clothes) with metal and non-metal article (comprise blast and non-metallic weapons) imaging, and do not need to remove clothes, and the image of generation can be processed, only to show body contour, and highlightedly comprise the threat of organic or inorganic material or illegal article, cover private physical trait simultaneously, thus produce privacy image (privacy image).This check system can be configured to operator only can use privacy image.Or it is default image that this system can be configured to privacy image, and the original image produced prior to the process that only shows body contour and threat or illegal article still can be used by operator.
In addition, this system a) comprises internal security observation circuit with at each scan period monitoring system safety and radiation level continuously; B) provide not higher than the ionizing radiation dosage often scanning 5 micro-rems to anyone being in inspection; C) in the side of the time interscan people of 8 seconds or less; D) should have not higher than the length (length dimension is towards the people being in scanning) of 125cm; E) should have not higher than the width of 100cm; F) should have not higher than the height of 205cm; G) selectable wall should be had to help to cover just by the privacy of the target of safety check, and prevent background interference, this more obviously can increase the detectability of system in the picture by the inorganic objects that makes to be positioned at health side, and when not using wall, permission use 2 scanning instead of 4 scannings thought carry out all standing health; H) optional communication monitor should be had so that communicate between long-range examiner and local operator, and transmission has the image outline of the real body of highlighted searching position instead of the image (i.e. " Matchstick Men ") of Matchstick Men or simplification wherein, wherein, image quilt " calibration " is to adapt to the health height of the health height change relative to Matchstick Men of people; I) 10 inchs of standing, the people of 6 feet high should being scanned, measuring to the nose of people from detecting wall for these 10 inches; J) should communicate with the workstation configured away from scanning system; K) likely scanning should be started from remote work station; L) can be configured to the scanning of everyone predetermined quantity, this should complete before being increased to next people, m) should allow before being increased to next people, take extra scanning as the options that can be used by operator; N) operator should be configured to force to make each to scan through or clear individually, even if when even identical people needs multiple scanning; O) should by means of be positioned at local system can the person of being remotely operated remotely see visible ray instruction by scanning result (by or failure) be sent to remote operator, that is, red light represents " failure ", and green light represents " passing through "; P) should be reported in when what operator of period logs in into system, and during this how many people by this operator scanning, have how many total numbers of persons to be scanned the period per hour of one day, and in the quantity of predetermined period (time such as little, sky or the moon) quantity of interscan and the people of scanning; Q) should have the option of training simulators, these training simulators have the image library of at least 100 training images.Therefore, United States Patent (USP) 7110493 is incorporated to herein by reference.
The image processing software of detection system of the present invention uses suitable algorithm with reconstructed image, such as by independent front image and rear image combining to produce complete image, and for graphical analysis to determine to threaten.In one embodiment, partitioning algorithm is for distinguishing threat article.Fig. 9 a to 9c illustrates the example using partitioning algorithm.See Fig. 9 a, image 901 shows people's (harmless target) that health does not carry threat.In figure 9b, the people of knapsack 903 is carried in image 902 display.In order to determine whether knapsack threatens, software application partitioning algorithm to be split from image 902 by knapsack 903, and produces independent image 904, as is shown in fig. 9 c.Then, the item sizes of the article of segmentation and image pixel intensities are for identifying threat.
Partitioning algorithm is also for distinguishing the dark article under white background.This feature contributes to identifying the threat comprising absorbing material exactly, such as steel edge and rifle and Stupalox.Figure 10 a and 10b illustrates the example of this feature using partitioning algorithm.See Figure 10 a, just the individuality 1004 of safety check is being detected three possible threat article 1001,1002 and 1003.In figure 10b, just the individuality 1007 of safety check is being detected that two threaten article 1005,1006.In Figure 10 a and 10b, there is the identical algorithms of identical parameters setting for imaging.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that from these images, the image analysis algorithm that detection system of the present invention uses is very insensitive to background level.This is because background calculates from original image itself, and any possible threat is all highlighted.Persons skilled in the art it should be understood that as shown in figures 10 a and 10b, and individual health only occupies the regional area of image.The balance of image is considered to Background X-ray scattered signal.With average or part filter (averaging at regional area) equally simple computing method the accurate measured value of level of background signal is provided.
In addition, image analysis algorithm of the present invention also helps quick security check, because it produces image usually need the time being less than 1 second.
The denomination of invention all transferring assignee of the present invention is that the U.S. Patent application 12/887510 of " Security System for Screening People " is here all incorporated to herein by reference with the U.S. Patent application 7826589 with identical denomination of invention.
The denomination of invention all transferring assignee of the present invention is that the U.S. Patent application 12/849987 of " Personnel Screening System with Enhanced Privacy " is here all incorporated to herein by reference with the U.S. Patent application 7796733 with identical denomination of invention.
As discussed previously, composition graphs 1, design of the present invention allows more multi-detector panel to be present on direct backscattering path, thus contributes to picture quality.In another embodiment, by using the method for the region increasing field of detection and the detector number that can adopt to increase picture quality further.Methods combining Figure 11 and 12 of this novelty is described.Figure 11 illustrates that display uses single source 1101 to carry out the side view of vertical scanning.In this configuration, the height 1102 of the target 1103 that single source 1101 can be used to scan is limited to the range of exposures in wide viewing angle 1104 or source.
In order to overcome this limitation, in one embodiment, the present invention adopts the structure of the novelty shown in Figure 12, and Figure 12 illustrates the top view of exemplary scan device.See Figure 12, single axle scan source assembly 1201 is pivoted to 1202b from a 1202a, and the center 1203 of rotation is positioned on the front panel of system.As can be seen from Figure 12, when source 1201 is fixed, 1204a is the wide viewing angle for target 1206, but when source pivotable, 1204b is available wide viewing angle.Therefore, the wide viewing angle for given source expands when when source pivotable.In this case, the detecting device 1205 of larger quantity can add system to, thus provides the surveyed area of increase.In addition, fixing rectangular aperture is arranged on front panel, also serves as and keep the aperture that focus is very little at least one axle.And, by the optional pivotable source shown in Figure 12, identical system can be adopted with as people's motion (source is pivotable not) or scan target when people static (source pivotable).Use static object, nominally picture quality is better than the picture quality when object motion, because the friction speed of the position of the target of movement (such as leg and arm) can cause distortion.Therefore, under certain operational circumstances, if find irregular article (during when object motion) in the first scanning, so identical system can scan (object is static) in more detail.Scanning requirement is depended in the selection of system, and is the balance between threat detection and high-throughput.
As mentioned above, in one embodiment, detection system of the present invention is implemented as walking detection system.The novel designs of this system makes it possible to utilize low-level radiation dose to detect weapon and hazardous material, and no matter whether they comprise metal, high Z or high Z materials.Radiation dose be in be less than 20 micro-rems scope in, be preferably less than 10 micro-rems, be more preferably less than 5 micro-rems, and be even more preferably less than 1 micro-rem.This inlet configuration, compared with conventional system, can hold the crowd of high-throughput, because just only to be passed by entrance by everyone of safety check.And, just do not needed to stop and rotate his or her health according to the such of scanner system operator guidance by the people of safety check.In addition, when the inlet configuration using this object to pass by, the region relatively limited according to it, more easily with comprise metal detector, medicine and blast sniffer and video camera other walk device and be combined.
Except adopting the passenger of system of the present invention for the crowded place, open air of safety check airport and railway station, such as stadium and shopping mall, the application of present system may also extend into the vehicles at intermediate transit point place and the contents of container such as checking such as harbour, border crossings and customs inspection post.In one embodiment, detection system is implemented as ' crossing ' system, and motorlorry to be scanned can cross this system, thus provides the second axle of motion.Detection system of the present invention is also for goals of medicine.
When the spacing in object and source is short, need the high scan angles for feature scanning.To requirement conflict chopper wheel size and the spatial resolution of high scan angles.In order to obtain conflict requirement between balance, in one embodiment, system of the present invention adopts the two-wheel method using and be used for the scan aperture (flying aperture) that scope is selected.This is illustrated by the top-down view of the scanning system in Figure 13.See Figure 13, illustrated embodiment uses two chopper wheels 1301 and 1302.Described chopper wheel 1301 and 1302 has the slit 1303 and 1304 of the constant aperture being provided for radiation beam respectively.Scan aperture 1305 is also close to source 1306, for only selecting visual angle or the scope of scanning before target enters scanning area.In one embodiment, by using sensor and/or video camera scope of helping to select.Scope of the present invention selects feature to allow several optics geometric configuration for different object range.
In one embodiment, each chopper wheel be used in two-wheel device recited above all has the external slit and external slits with different slit sizes, scan angle and filter loss (filtration).Figure 14 illustrates the exemplary modulation dish 1400 that can be used for two-wheel system.See Figure 14, wheel 1400 has external slit 1401 and external slits 1402, and external slit and external slits can be used for obtaining the constant aperture with two visual angles and two different scanning angles.
Figure 15 illustrates another top-down view of vertical scan system, and scan aperture 1501 is close to source 1501.This system has the near-sighted angle chopper 1503 with slit 1505 and the long sight angle chopper 1504 with slit 1506.The external slits of myopia angle chopper 1503 is used for nearest visual angle, maximum scan angle, the highest filter loss, and its external slit is for having the near middle visual angle at interscan angle and filter loss.The external slits of long sight angle chopper 1504 be used for far away in the middle of visual angle, little scan angle, low filtration loss, its external slit is for having minimum scan angle and not having the Far Range of filter loss.Two chopper wheels being used for scan angle and scope selection are used to additionally provide the chance adjusting dosage level based on object distance.
In another embodiment, this system is implemented as the backscattered transit system in visual angle, double source both sides four, and it is also according to the principle work adopting single axle scanning beam, and object/target travel provides the second axle through wave beam.Figure 16 illustrates the exemplary arrangement for Double-visual angle four range systems.See Figure 16, employ two sources 1601 and 1602.In the layout that the layout discussed in conjunction with Figure 13 and 15 is above similar, two choppers use for near-sighted angle and long sight angle together with each source.But, in the layout of Figure 16, between two sources, share nearly chopper 1603.Two choppers 1604 and 1605 far away are respectively used to source 1601 and 1602.In one embodiment, all chopper wheels 1603,1604 and 1605 all have three slits.In addition, chopper wheel 1604 and 1605 geometric configuration and mobile in synchronous." vertical scanning aperture " or VSA 1606 are arranged in scanning system, and are connected between detecting device panel, thus are provided in the better spatial resolution on an axle.In one embodiment, VSA 1606 comprises multiple slit, and the high resolving power that help remains in X-axis.
In this embodiment, single VSA 1606 is for being derived from the wave beam 1607 and 1608 in two sources 1601 and 1602 respectively.Double source recited above is arranged and is provided near-sighted angle or scope with larger angle.This keeps object at a distance closer to the center of detecting device, and is therefore provided for the better imaging at four scope visual angles.
In one embodiment, detection system of the present invention utilizes the concept of ' vector imaging ' to obtain information extra in image.In present imaging method, the whole electricity of signal carrying out self-detector is added up mutually.But in vector formation method of the present invention, the signal that multiple detecting device panel produces is independently.This allows to obtain other by extra ' vector ' information covered.This concept is shown in Figure 17 a to 17c.
See Figure 17 a to 17c, a series of images illustrates that two detecting devices are to the response of the radiation beam traveled through on article.
Usually, when X-ray beam is close to the profile of material or edge, scattering can be stopped on the direction of thicker article, and weak signal can occur on the detecting device relative with edge.When spot travels through on thicker material, more scattering is left towards the thinnest side via nearest edge, and corresponding detecting device receives more signal.This is the method for determining profile in current imaging systems, and dark areas is followed by bright area in the picture.But having independent signal can provide extra information when spot moves through edge.
Referring now to Figure 17 a, at first, when the edge of spot 1703a close to object 1704a, the signal 1705 that D1 1701a receives starts to reduce.Meanwhile, the signal 1706 D2 1702a received keeps normal.See Figure 17 b, when spot 1703b is moved across the edge of object 1704b, the signal 1705 corresponding with detecting device D1 1701b starts increase and returns ' normally ', increase higher than normally for the signal 1706 of D2 1702b simultaneously, until the mobile edge certain distance by object 1704b of spot 1703b, then signal 1706 returns normally.At transition period as shown in fig. 17 c, the signal 2006 carrying out self-detector D2 1702c increases, and the signal 1705 simultaneously from D1 1701c is still returning from reduction state.
At this moment, if use composite signal (D1+D2), so can there is information dropout, can understand from the curve 1707 representing composite signal.This is because when being used for the signal of D1 1705 and D2 1706 when an A1711 is equal with 1712 places, composite signal D1+D2 1707 also follows identical path.But the difference signal (D1-D2) represented by curve 1708 touches nearly null value at an A1711, just touching (or+vector) value at a B1712 place.Similarly, the difference signal for opposite edges profile can produce negative vector value.The profile of this extra Information Availability obtained from difference signal curve 1708 in the image strengthening display and edge.
Above example is only many illustrative application of the present invention.Although only describe several embodiments of the present invention here, should be understood that, without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, the present invention can be presented as other specific forms many.Therefore, current example and embodiment should be thought illustrative, instead of restrictive.
Claims (24)
1. for detecting a check system for the article carried by people, wherein, described people is along the planar movement limited by Z axis and Y-axis, and described check system comprises:
First detection system, be configured to when described people moves along the Y-axis of described plane, detect the radiation scattered out from described people, described first detection system comprises the first flat surfaces with described plane relative positioning, and is configured to produce the electronic signal detected radiation being made to response;
Second detection system, be configured to when described people moves along the Y-axis of described plane, detect the radiation scattered out from described people, described second detection system comprises the second flat surfaces with described plane relative positioning, and is configured to produce the electronic signal detected radiation being made to response;
X-ray source, is positioned between described first detection system and described second detection system, and described x-ray source is configured to produce the bundle spot pattern along the Z axis of described plane, and described x-ray source does not produce the wave beam of the Y-axis movement along described plane; And
Disposal system, for analyzing the electronic signal produced by described first detection system and described second detection system, and for producing image over the display,
Wherein, described first detection system is contained in the first involution part;
Described first involution part has the first width of the opposite end extending to described first involution part from one end of described first involution part;
Described flat surfaces extends along whole first width;
Described second detection system is contained in the second involution part;
Described second involution part has the first width of the opposite end extending to described second involution part from one end of described second involution part;
Described flat surfaces extends along whole first width; And
Wherein, described first involution part comprises:
First side, is limited by the flat surfaces of the outer surface with interior surface and human oriented, and described first side is configured to receive the radiation scattered out from people;
Second side, acutangulates relation with described first side, and described second side limits through the flat surfaces of the interior surface of the radiation of described first side by having to be suitable for receiving, and described second side is configured to only after being radiated through described first side, receive this radiation;
First matrix, is positioned the interior surface of described first side, and described first matrix also comprises for receiving described radiation and being the activating area of light by described converting radiation;
Second matrix, is positioned the interior surface of described second side, and described second matrix also comprises for receiving described radiation and being the activating area of light by described converting radiation; And
At least one photodetector, has photoresponse region and non-photoresponse region, and wherein, described photoresponse region is located, to receive the light emitted from described first matrix and described second matrix.
2. check system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described x-ray source is combined with chopper, and described chopper running is to produce the scanning pencil beam along the X ray of described Z axis.
3. check system as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described chopper does not produce the scanning pencil beam of the X ray along described Y-axis.
4. check system as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described chopper comprises the chopper wheel with three slits, each slit all and the slit be close to orientate 120 degree, interval as.
5. check system as claimed in claim 4, wherein, the collimator slit aligning that described slit is parallel with at least two, wherein, the X ray launched from described x-ray source irradiates described collimator slit conically, to produce in time interleaved at least two parallel scanning beams.
6. check system as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described chopper comprises the hollow cylinder with at least one threaded hole.
7. check system as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described scanning pencil beam has linear scanning velocity, by revising the gradient of at least one in described threaded hole and the angle of roll can make described linear scanning velocity change or remain unchanged.
8. check system as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described scanning pencil beam has spot size, described spot size can be made to change or remain unchanged by the aperture width of at least one revised in described threaded hole.
9. check system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described first involution part physically separates with described second involution part, and independent of described second involution part.
10. check system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described x-ray source is contained in the 3rd involution part, and described 3rd involution part physically separates with described first involution part and described second involution part, and independent of described first involution part and described second involution part.
11. check systems as claimed in claim 10, wherein, described first involution part, described second involution part and described 3rd involution part are all less than 88 pound weights.
12. check systems as claimed in claim 10, wherein, described 3rd involution part is detachably connected to described first involution part and described second involution part.
13. check systems as claimed in claim 10, wherein, described first involution part, described second involution part and described 3rd involution part are all detachably connected to framework.
14. check systems as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described chopper comprises the disk chopper being configured to be rotated by motor.
15. check systems as claimed in claim 4, wherein, the speed of described chopper wheel is dynamically controlled by controller, to optimize the sweep velocity of X-ray beam.
16. check systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described radiation comprises x-ray photon, and described first matrix detects the 30%-60% of the x-ray photon impacting described first side.
17. check systems as claimed in claim 16, wherein, described second matrix detects the 10%-30% of the x-ray photon impacting described first side.
18. check systems as claimed in claim 1, also comprise for making the people that stands or be seated along the travelling belt of described planar movement.
19. check systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the image of generation comprises 480 row, 160 row, and every pixel is 8.
20. check systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described x-ray source is by being pivoted to second point from first and producing the bundle spot pattern of the Z axis along described plane, and described pivotable is felt relieved around the predetermined point of rotation.
21. check systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described x-ray source and chopper be connected to be configured to vertically tilt relative to induction element and motor is made to the surface of response.
22. check systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described x-ray source connects with vertical elevating mechanism, and described elevating mechanism connects with the counterweight being configured to make described x-ray source balance.
23. check systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described x-ray source connects with vertical elevating mechanism, and described elevating mechanism connects with at least one lifting belt.
24. check systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described x-ray source connects with vertical elevating mechanism, and described elevating mechanism connects with gear reducer and motor and do not connect with counterweight.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
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| US42358210P | 2010-12-15 | 2010-12-15 | |
| US61/423,585 | 2010-12-15 | ||
| US61/423,582 | 2010-12-15 | ||
| US61/423,586 | 2010-12-15 | ||
| PCT/US2011/028403 WO2011115930A2 (en) | 2010-03-14 | 2011-03-14 | Personnel screening system |
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| CN102893143A CN102893143A (en) | 2013-01-23 |
| CN102893143B true CN102893143B (en) | 2015-06-03 |
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| CN201180024095.5A Expired - Fee Related CN102893184B (en) | 2010-03-14 | 2011-03-14 | Personnel's safe examination system |
| CN201180024005.2A Expired - Fee Related CN102933957B (en) | 2010-03-14 | 2011-03-14 | Personnel screening system |
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2011
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- 2011-03-14 GB GB1215694.9A patent/GB2494967B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-03-14 CN CN201180024005.2A patent/CN102933957B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-03-14 JP JP2013500140A patent/JP2013522627A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-03-14 CA CA2793230A patent/CA2793230A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5493596A (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1996-02-20 | Annis; Martin | High-energy X-ray inspection system |
| CN101071109A (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-14 | 清华大学 | Multi-segment linear trace imaging cargo safety inspection system |
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