CN101379415B - X-ray inspection based on scatter detection - Google Patents
X-ray inspection based on scatter detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN101379415B CN101379415B CN2006800396248A CN200680039624A CN101379415B CN 101379415 B CN101379415 B CN 101379415B CN 2006800396248 A CN2006800396248 A CN 2006800396248A CN 200680039624 A CN200680039624 A CN 200680039624A CN 101379415 B CN101379415 B CN 101379415B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
- G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/203—Measuring back scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
- G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
- G01V5/222—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays measuring scattered radiation
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Abstract
Systems and methods for inspecting an object with a scanned beam of penetrating radiation are disclosed. Scattered radiation from the beam is detected, in either the backward or forward direction. Characteristic values of the backscattered radiation are compared to expected reference values to characterize the object. Additionally, penetrating radiation transmitted through the inspected object may be combined with scatter information. In certain embodiments, the inspected field of view is less than 0.1 steradians, and the detector is separate from the source of penetrating radiation and is disposed, with respect to the object, such as to subtend greater than 0.5 steradians in the field of view of the object.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to check system, this check system is based on the remote detection by the penetrating radiation of detected object scattering.
Background technology
Can the applying X-ray scattering come supervisory personnel, vehicle, goods or other interested objects.Use term " object " to comprise above any object here comprehensively.In the system that adopts the X ray scattering, X ray forms guiding towards the bundle of object interested.When this bundle during colliding object, utilize X-ray detector to catch the X ray of scattering, and globally or determine the multifrequency nature of scattering object with respect to object pixels image ground.
The resolution of the information that obtains about object or the personnel of inquiry depends on a plurality of factors, is included in amplitude and the energy spectrum of check system and distance between objects and X ray flux.In current system, along with x-ray system and distance between objects increase or along with the reducing of flux, image resolution ratio and quality (for example being embodied in signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio)) reduce.The minimizing of the backscattering flux that the reduction of quality is caught by detecting device is basically caused.Current backscattering x-ray imaging system is positioned at the x-ray source vicinity with detecting device, and the combined system of permission source and detecting device approaches just checked object as much as possible.System need not high X ray flux to object approaching just can create high quality graphic.
Yet, have a lot of application, especially safety and surveillance application, big distance that wherein need be between imaging system and detected object.Such application is that the subject may carry under clothing or hide explosive release in knapsack or bag, has the risk of committing suiside and igniting.Suicide bombing is equipped with a large amount of metallicity shell fragments around the explosive through being everlasting, usually as nut, nail or ball, make explosive release destructiveness maximize.
Current X-ray examination system is unsuitable for such application usually, and be rarely used in need the application greater than 5 feet distance in.Current system can be by the size that increases detecting device or the reduction of using more high-throughout x-ray source to offset picture quality.Yet if distance is too big, required detecting device is too big and impracticable.In addition, along with the increase of flux, the object radiant quantity also increases, and this comprises at object may comprise that maybe personnel Shi Hui causes problem.
Be issue on August 29th, 2006, authorize in the U.S. Patent No. 7,099,434 of Adams etc. and be described from a mobile backscattered scene that checks vehicles, this patent is by with reference to being included in this.The a large amount of explosives of this inventive embodiment in detecting vehicle or other containers or highly effective during other organic materials.Yet consideration is that the metallicity object (such as shell) in metallicity container (such as vehicle) may not be detected well, unless with respect to the bright scattering background of organic material by sketch outline advantageously.
Another problem of backscatter technique is, when organic material be disposed in a large amount of such as the high Z material of iron and steel in or afterwards the time, backscatter technique sometimes is difficult to this organic material imaging.The example of this problem can be, is hidden in a small amount of explosive in the compartment of vehicle.Because detect backscattering X ray (scattering angle the scope in 140 °＜Θ＜180 ° in) usually in inverse direction usually, the average energy of scattered x-ray quite low (be 68keV for the elementary X-ray beam from the 225kV x-ray source).Then, these low-energy X ray are by the big high attenuation of iron and steel main body of vehicle, cause that the quantity of detected scattered x-ray significantly reduces in backscatter detector.This problem is often aggravated, and passes through steel surface between two parties with the oblique angle because arrive the scattered x-ray of backscatter detector, thereby causes the net thickness of iron and steel greater than the actual specification of iron and steel.
Summary of the invention
Illustrative embodiments of the present invention comprises for the system and method that checks object.Utilize the collimated beam of penetrating radiation to come this object of radiation.Detection is from the backscattering radiation of this bundle.The characteristic value of backscattering radiation is compared with the expection reference value.Based on this relatively, determine to illustrate the descriptive classification of characteristics of objects.
In another embodiment, penetrating radiation can be X-radiation.Descriptive classification can be for example: when characteristic value during less than the expection reference value, and the unusual high metallicity content of indication; Or when characteristic value greater than expection during reference value, the unusual high organic content of indication.Descriptive classification can be indicated security threat potential or that confirm according to default security threat standard.
In certain embodiments, this method can also comprise the object that selection is used for shining.This can based on, for example, the optics of area-of-interest or non-optical supervision.This method can also comprise based on utilizing penetrating radiation irradiation benchmark object to determine the expection reference value.
Embodiments of the invention also comprise system and the device that is suitable for adopting any following method.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide system and method to check detected object to utilize penetrating radiation.Penetrating radiation Shu Liyong hides the source and generates, and with the time become Shu Fangxiang and cross object scan.Detection scatters to the penetrating radiation of hiding in the transmission detector by object, and generates direct transmission signal.Be based in part on this direct transmission signal, determine the detailed characteristics of the content of object.
In another embodiment, transmission detector comprises one or more linear portion, and for example, L shaped detecting device has vertical component effect and horizontal part.And transmission detector can be included in the deceleration strip structure.
Another illustrative embodiments of the present invention comprise be used to utilize penetrating radiation check the system and method for detected object, this penetrating radiation form again bundle and with the time become Shu Fangxiang and cross object scan.Detection scatters to penetrating radiation in the forward scattering detecting device by object, and generates the forward scattering signal.Be based in part on this forward scattering signal, determine the detailed characteristics of the content of object.
Additional embodiments is included in the direct transmission detector of combination and forward scattering detecting device in the individual system.In this arrangement, make up direct transmission signal and forward scattering signal and create the dispersion image of enhancing and/or the transmission image of enhancing.Any image that generates can be displayed to the operator.Any or all of detecting device can be included in the deceleration strip structure.
Embodiment also comprises a kind of check system of improving type, and this check system is used shell, wherein is concealed with: the penetrating radiation source, and having can be along the bundle of at least the first flat scanning; And detecting device, in response to the backscattering energy from the bundle of detected object.This improvement comprises the transmission detector module, and it is for detection of the emittance of transmission by detected object, and this module is physically separated with shell and can be in this module of road deploy.
Additional embodiments comprises a kind of check system of improving type, and this check system is used shell, wherein is concealed with: the penetrating radiation source, and it has can be along the bundle of at least the first flat scanning; And detecting device, in response to the backscattering energy from the bundle of detected object.This improvement comprises the forward scattering detector module, and by the emittance of detected object scattering on forward direction, this module is physically separated with shell and can be in this module of road deploy for detection of.
Embodiment also comprises a kind of check system of improving type, and this check system is used shell, wherein is concealed with: the penetrating radiation source, and having can be along the bundle of at least the first flat scanning; And detecting device, in response to the backscattering energy from the bundle of detected object.This improvement comprises the slope module, and it accommodates (i) for detection of the horizontal component of transmission by the transmission detector module of the emittance of detected object; And (ii) at least one forward scattering detecting device, by the emittance of detected object scattering on forward direction, this module is physically separated with shell and can be in this module of road deploy for detection of.
In the above-described embodiments, shell can form the outside of the vehicle that can travel at highway.Perhaps this shell can be the carrying container of reinforcing.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, be provided for checking the check system of object, this check system has the penetrating radiation source, and this penetrating radiation source is set up and is configured so that field of view is less than 0.1 sterad (sr).Spatial modulator forms bundle with penetrating radiation, to shine inspected object.Detecting device is set separating with the penetrating radiation source, and detecting device be arranged to respect to object in the visual field of object subtend greater than 0.5sr.
In a plurality of embodiment, the penetrating radiation source can be X-ray tube.Alternatively, radiation source can be gamma ray beam.Spatial modulator can comprise one or more rotary breaker device circles (chopper wheel).
According to one embodiment of present invention, the penetrating radiation source can be placed on room central authorities, and some portable detectors are disposed near the wall in room.Perhaps, the penetrating radiation source can be disposed in the adjacent room, and detecting device is inserted in the wall in room or is positioned at adjacent room.
According to other embodiments of the present invention, penetrating radiation source, detecting device or both can be arranged in one or more vehicles, comprise the automatic driving vehicle that can travel at highway.The penetrating radiation source can be installed on the swivel base (swivel mount), this swivel base is installed to allow bundle is directed to the object of diverse location.Check system can also comprise systems stabilisation, to minimize the crash shock when vehicle passes through rough terrain.
In another embodiment of the present invention, detecting device can be arranged in ground or the ceiling of passage, or can be pretended.The detecting device that is arranged in ground can also comprise the structural support part prevent object up by the time to the infringement of detecting device, and comprise that pressure transducer comes the existence of detected object.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned feature of the present invention will be by being more readily understood in conjunction with following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawing of enumerating below.
Fig. 1 illustrates a plurality of building blocks of function according to a particular embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 A and 2B illustrate the aspect as a plurality of signal calibration schemes of using in the specific embodiment;
Fig. 3 illustrates the details of wherein setting up the embodiment of a plurality of inquiry points fast;
Fig. 4 illustrates the transmission detector that is placed on the distally of imaging vehicle according to one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention and is placed on forward scattering detecting device below the imaging vehicle;
Fig. 6 illustrates according to horizontal part and the forward scattering detecting device of one embodiment of the invention with transmission detector and is included in fully in " deceleration strip " that can dispose fast;
Fig. 7 illustrates design and is used for supervisory personnel's check system;
Fig. 8 illustrates the check system that design is used for checking the external object of buildings wall;
Fig. 9 illustrates design and is used for utilizing the detecting device of inserting in the room wall to be positioned at the check system of the personnel in the adjacent room;
Figure 10 illustrates design and is used for utilizing the detecting device that is positioned at the room adjacent with room interested to be positioned at the personnel's of adjacent room check system;
Figure 11 illustrates design and is used for by detecting device being relocated for more expand the check system of the scope of existing check system near detected object;
Figure 12 illustrate penetrating radiation source and detecting device be positioned at can be on the vehicle that highway travels check system;
Figure 13 illustrates design and is positioned at the check system that detecting device in the robot that forward direction disposes checks possible IED with utilization;
Figure 14 illustrates the vertical view of check system, and wherein, the penetrating radiation source is installed on the base on the vehicle that can travel on highway, and detecting device is installed on the automatic driving vehicle;
Figure 15 illustrates the side view of check system, and wherein, the penetrating radiation source is installed on the base on the vehicle that can travel on highway, and detecting device is installed on the automatic driving vehicle;
Figure 16 illustrates the check system that the x-ray source that is installed in ceiling for utilization checks suspicious driver;
Figure 17 illustrates for the check system that checks by vehicle, and wherein, detecting device is arranged along the track, and x-ray source is installed in the top, track;
Figure 18 illustrates the vertical view of the detecting device with structural support part that is arranged in ground;
Figure 19 illustrates the side view of the detecting device with structural support part and camouflage layer that is positioned at ground;
Figure 20 illustrates the side view of the check system with the detector array that is arranged in ground and centers on x-ray source;
Figure 21 illustrates the vertical view of the check system with the detector array that is arranged in ground and centers on x-ray source;
Figure 22 illustrates wherein, and detecting device is the vertical view of the check system of independent monomer spare;
Figure 23 illustrates the check system of wherein separating from the signal of the detecting device of different distance.
Embodiment
Backscattered remote detection
Embodiments of the invention (can be called " Z-radar "
TM) be described with reference now to Fig. 1.Usually with the numeral 100 backscatter inspection systems that represent, the collimated beam 102 of the penetrating radiation of use such as X ray is radiated at the object 104 (can comprise personnel as mentioned above) of relatively large distance, comes on definite for example object or the metallicity content in the object.If detected object or its relevant portion are as it seems that from irradiation source subtend in any direction less than 5 ° angle, thinks that then object is disposed in " big distance " and locates.Penetrating radiation also can comprise for example ripple in other parts of electromagnetic spectrum, such as gamma ray, but penetrating radiation is expressed as X ray here and to be not intended to loss general.When penetrating radiation is made of X ray, can utilize the x-ray source such as X-ray tube 110 to generate X ray.
In big regional X-ray detector 108, detect the penetrating radiation 106 by the detected object scattering, and utilize controller 112 to be compared by detecting device 108 signal that generates and the expection signal that comes comfortable this distance with organic object of x-ray bombardment.The object that comprises metal absorbs X ray, causes back-scattered signal to be weaker than expection from the signal of pure organic object.
Detected object can comprise personnel or most of any object that is made of organic material without limitation, need determine on this object or interior metallicity content.For example, can detect by suicide ignition person and use so that carry the metallicity shell fragment of explosive destructive power maximum, perhaps can detect the existence of metallicity weapon, such as rifle and cutter.
In certain embodiments, detected object utilizes at first and uses the system of one or more video cameras 114 to locate and follow the tracks of, though also can adopt any other optics or non-optical device within the scope of the invention.Fig. 1 illustrates a plurality of building blocks of functions of the specific embodiment according to the present invention.The video camera 114 of Optical Surveillance System monitors interesting areas.Can handle x-ray source 110 and be installed on the pedestal 116, the position of running through X-ray beam that this pedestal 116 can rotate and translation is generated by X-ray tube 110.The backscattering X ray 106 that backscatter detector 108 detects from irradiated destination object 104.Can use video frequency following system that X-ray beam is targeted on the object interested.Then, can open the shutter (not shown) to allow X ray temporary transient irradiation destination object in predetermined period (being known as query time).The data acquisition system (DAS) record is from the intensity of the signal of backscatter detector reception.
With reference now to Fig. 2,, in order to calibrate back-scattered signal intensity exactly, can on target 200 or in the similar target of same distance, select a plurality of points of irradiation (or " inquiry " point) 202,204.If the signal from one or more inquiry points is rendered as the signal that is significantly smaller than from other inquiry points, then can use this signal to indicate the existence of metallic alloy.On such basis, according to embodiments of the invention, determine descriptive classification, threaten such as being defined as advanced security according to default security threat standard, can adopt suitable action then.
Embodiment also may be suitable for use in determining on most of object that is made of metallic alloy or the existence of the organic material in the object.The example of this situation is to search the explosive of hiding in vehicle doorn.Use at this, signal is higher than expect that the inquiry point of signal indicates the existence of hiding organic material.
Near the object of x-ray source, also can use back-scattered signal to detect in the existence with the hiding fine and close organic material (such as explosive) of more low-density organic target object for relatively.These materials can be than such as the not finer and close organic material of human body backscattering X ray significantly consumingly.
In table 1, the result for the Computer Simulation of the X ray backscattering inquiry system of working is shown under three source voltages of 160kV, 450kV and 1.2MeV.This emulation comprises: check the back-scattered signal from the personnel of different distance; And with this signal with from the personnel that carry steel disc or carry the signal that comprises such as the personnel of the PETN explosive of the ball of shell fragment and compare.Signal to noise ratio (snr) is defined as:
Wherein, N
PersonBe the quantity from the backscattering X ray of the personnel's that do not carry steel disc detection, and N
Person+SteelBe the quantity from the backscattering X ray of the personnel's that carry steel disc detection.Can see that the performance of 225kV and 450kV system is substantially the same, but well more a lot of than the performance of 1.2MV system.Because the 160kV system is than 450kV system considerably cheaper and compacter, preferred source voltage is about 160kV.Following table shows the result of Computer Simulation, and this result illustrates the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that X ray backscattering inquiry system that utilization works is come the metal form of ball matrix (with the form or 0.25 of steel disc ") on the testing staff under three different source voltages and a plurality of distance of separating.
| Source voltage | Distance (foot) separately | SNR (steel) | SNR (ball) |
| |
50 | 77.2 | 47.5 |
| 100 | 11.5 | 9.8 | |
| 150 | 3.3 | 2.7 | |
| |
100 | 11.1 | 9.9 |
| 1.2 |
100 | 4.4 | 4.5 |
The calibration of back-scattered signal
As previously mentioned, some embodiment adopt and are used for utilizing reference signal to calibrate the technology of the intensity of the back-scattered signal that detects, to determine whether hang down to being enough to represent existing of metal from the signal of inquiry point.This can realize in many ways:
1. (for example by using information or the use airborne laser range finder from video system) is determined to the distance of the destination object that just is being asked, and the use look-up table is determined the maximum reverse scattered signal for metallic alloy.A shortcoming of this method is that system hardware need be relatively stable.
2. will compare from whole approximately signal intensities of a plurality of inquiry points of the object at same distance place.
3. will compare from a plurality of inquiry points 202 of the diverse location on the same object, 204 signal intensity.This method is schematically shown in Fig. 2 A.
4. obtain the line sweep 210 (shown in Fig. 2 B) that constituted by a lot of inquiry points of striding object, and search the zone 208 that wherein backscattering brightness significantly is lower than the remainder of object 206 at object.This method is schematically shown in Fig. 2 B.
Shown in Figure 3 for a kind of method that obtains to inquire data simultaneously and obtain reference signal.In this embodiment, calibration program allows side by side to generate the X-ray beam 304 that a plurality of height collimate such as a plurality of collimating apparatuss 302.Then, use the rotating shutter 306 that is arranged in the X ray pencil-beam 308 that is generated by X-ray beam 300, guarantee only to have only at any time a branch of ray at irradiation destination object 104.Example for shown in Figure 3 this means, is making the shutter rotation by obtaining four inquiry points in the time in a week.The advantage of this embodiment is, because beam collimator physically need not lead between the inquiry point again, so improved the operating rate of system.This system may only need on the disposable middle section that is targeted to suspect object.For inspected specific objective object, quantity and their orientations relative to each other that can halved tie be optimized.
The following operation of one particular embodiment of the present invention:
1. the operator identifies the suspect object that he wishes to utilize system interrogation.This can for example carry out by the suspect object of clicking the mouse in video image.The personnel that the operator may wish to identify heavy wearing clothes for example or carry knapsack.
2. then, inquiry system is sent the pulse of X ray with the height collimated beam of head for target object.Compare (described a kind of calibration steps before using) by returning back-scattered signal and reference signal, system automatically determines the threat level of object.
3. system's alert operator then, this operator determines to need to carry out any further behavior then.If think that threat is definite uncertain, then system can continue to use video frequency following system to follow the tracks of suspect object, and can carry out the further affirmation inquiry of more closely locating (if desired).
4. for the threat of confirming (target with abundant metallicity content), then system can use the spare system starting further to check, this spare system adopts other inspections or detects apparatus, such as X ray backscattering imaging, the imaging of mm ripple or Terahertz (terra-Hertz) spectrum.These can be used for confirm weapon on destination object or in the object or the existence of explosive.Forward scattering in the backscatter inspection scene detects
The detection of use by the irradiation of penetrating radiation can be with respect to strengthening such as the detection that may be hidden in the metal object in the canister for example, penetrating radiation is from such as in U.S. Patent No. 7,099, the mobile platform of the mobile inspection trolley of describing in 434 is perhaps from detecting image-forming module such as reinforcing
TM(RDIM) stationary platform.Embodiments of the invention are by adding fixing transmission detector at the opposite side that utilizes the pencil beam scanned objects, improved detection for the metal object in the canister is provided, source and backscattering, forward scattering or the transmission detector of pencil beam wherein from the viewpoint that is beneficial to detected object, have been hidden.
The thick metal material of arranging can know in the transmission image that Fig. 4 obtains and see, wherein, causes the transmission that decays or shielded owing to the altitude decay of the X ray in these materials.As used herein, term " metallicity " is the material that representative has height " Z ", and wherein Z represents the atomic number characteristic of material.For example, shell will be rendered as very dark object in transmission image, only have seldom or not have X ray to run through them.Notice that this can work as when operating mobile inspection trolley 400 under motor pattern or fixed port pattern and finishes.Fig. 4 illustrates source 402 and the backscatter detector module 404 that is arranged in the mobile inspection trolley 400, and the X-ray beam 406 of sweep object 408.Here, transmission detection module 410 constitutes by erectting vertical component effect 412 and horizontal part 414.
A kind of assistance alleviate in a large amount of high Z materials (such as metal) or the method for the problem of the organic material imaging of back be as shown in Figure 5, to add some forward scattering detecting devices 500.Because the forward scattering X ray 510 that detects in these detecting devices is only by small angle scattering (usually in the scope of 5 °＜Θ of scattering angle＜30 °), the average energy of forward scattering X ray is significantly higher than the energy (for be not more than about 90keV usually from the elementary X-ray beam of the x-ray source of 225kV) of backscattering X ray.This is because the momentum conservation in the Compton scattering process causes.The higher-energy of forward scattering X ray allows them to be applied in the iron and steel in the vehicle body and to be detected easilier.Can make up with back-scattered signal or be shown to the operator individually from the signal of forward scattering detecting device.
Shown in Figure 6 for the method that horizontal part and forward scattering detecting device 500 with transmission detector 414 are integrated into the module that can dispose fast.Detecting device has been integrated in repositionable " deceleration strip " 600, should can be kept at expediently in the rear portion of mobile inspection trolley by " deceleration strip " 600, and before beginning to scan vehicle, be placed on the track.If desired, then deceleration strip can be split as three less modules expediently in order to preserve and handle.The vertical leg of transmission detector can be arranged on the separate unit on the distally of the vehicle that is scanned.X-ray beam axle 602 is shown.
Should note, the all authority of making in the disclosure requires not only to can be applicable to the mobile inspection trolley in the patented claim of previous reference, can also be applied to any application of radiation backscatter technique, in the reinforcing carrying container that is applied to comprise the subsystem that is similar to mobile inspection trolley.
Two static Compton scattering imagings
Present embodiment and method here, with by the position of X-ray detector with x-ray source separated, expand the usable range of Compton scattering imaging system.In each was used, detecting device more near object, allowed to collect more scattering flux when detecting device is located with x-ray source and other equipment collaborations than the remainder of imaging system.The layout of source, target and detecting device is similar to a lot of application of two static radar.
Because the many factors from the performance of remote formation image of being included in have been expanded the useful scope of backscattering imaging system, so the one or more of following advantage can be provided: at the better picture quality of giving set a distance, for the bigger visual field of the given picture quality of given distance; Generate the shorter sweep time of the given picture quality of given distance, and the minimizing dosage that will aim at for the given picture quality of given distance.Long scope imaging system has a plurality of Secure Application.The imaging system that dosage reduces is even more important for personnel's inspection.
With reference now to Fig. 7, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention check system is described.Penetrating radiation source 12 is with penetrating radiation bundle 20 guiding objects 16.Arrange penetrating radiation source 12 with respect to object 16, in order to check that the visual field is less than 0.1 sterad (sr).Object 16 scattering flux 22, this flux 22 is detected by detecting device 14.With respect to object placement detecting device 14, so that subtend is greater than the angle of 0.5 sterad in the visual field of object.
Check the application of external object in the wall
In one embodiment of the invention, with reference to shown in Figure 8, check system is configured to check does not fast expect object in the wall, perhaps carries out multiple nondestructive Test Application, such as the crackle of hiding in the wagon sheet of searching automobile.
Fig. 8 illustrates such configuration, and wherein, source 12 is moved to the central authorities in room 26, can utilize penetrating radiation to scan the wall 24 in room 26 rapidly from room central authorities source 12.Detecting device 14 is placed near the wall 24.In this configuration, system can be to all part imagings of the wall 24 that do not covered by detecting device 14.Then, position that can moving detector 14 allows check system scanning remaining area.If moving source 12 not when moving detector 14 then can provide the image stitching under two kinds of situations the image of the suitable quality in room 26 in software together.
Use wherein to approach as far as possible and examined the classic method of arranging source 12 and detecting device 14, scanning discovery interesting areas more closely regionally.
Locate the application of the personnel in the room from adjacent room
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 9, source 12 is positioned at adjacent room 28, and detecting device 14 can insert in the wall 24, as shown in Figure 9, perhaps is positioned at adjacent room 28, as shown in figure 10.Being hidden in the application-specific of detecting device is favourable.Can use transmitting set 30 that detecting device 14 is connected to data processing equipment 32, this data processing equipment 32 is located jointly with x-ray source 12 systems.
In such configuration, the operator can at first generate low dosage/low quality scans, and this low dosage/low quality scans can provide enough information that criminal and victim are separated.Then, if desired, the more high-quality that then can generate criminal is the image of high dose more.By this way, can when minimizing to innocent hostage's dosage, high dose be restricted to the hostage captor.Be used for expanding the application of the scope that has check system now
As shown in figure 11, AS﹠amp; E has made up now and has been known as Z-backscattering car
TM(ZBV
TM) the backscattering imaging product, this product is for example in U.S. Patent No. 7,099, is described in 434.Usually the ZBV by numeral 90 expressions is optimized by the target range at the 2-5 foot.ZBV 90 often is deployed in " port mode ", means: when target 13 (normally vehicle) was travelled by scanning X-ray beam 20, this ZBV with x-ray source 12 and detecting device 15 fixed.
In the port working pattern, by more disposing additional detecting device 14 near target 13 ground, expand the scope of ZBV 90, as shown in figure 11.This configuration can have the following advantage of the airborne backscatter detector array 15 that depends on ZBV:
If target is blasted, only auxiliary detecting device 14 can be destroyed.
Can dispose any amount of detecting device 14, allow the onsite user when needed with the place of needs with raising the cost to increase picture quality.
Can be rearranged the position of detecting device 14 by the user, cover with change; Emphasize the data from lateral scattering or forward scattering; Or even generation Transmission X ray image.
Detecting device 14 can transmit data to ZBV 90 electron devices by using transmitting set 50.Detecting device 14 desired power only are: by the direct current that the power supply that is used for photomultiplier provides, this power supply can utilize powered battery; And the power that is used for transmitting set 50.Perhaps, the power and signal cable can be used for ZBV 90 is connected to detecting device 14.
Detecting device 14 is one of light members of whole x-ray system.Assisted detector in a small amount may be fitted in the vehicle body (coach) of ZBV 90.Can in the towing dolly of after 90s of ZBV, drag bigger detecting device supply by (not shown), or in other support unit (not shown), transport.As shown in figure 12, for travel by under the pattern (wherein ZBV 90 travel by target 13 with above target 13 scanning X-ray beam 20) operate ZBV 90, assisted detector 14 is installed on the automatic driving vehicle 42.Under this sight, use Radio Link instruction being sent to automatic driving vehicle 42, and receive data from detecting device 14.Use forward direction to dispose the application that moving detector checks possible IED or knapsack (left-behindpackage)
With reference now to Figure 13, describes according to the check system for detection of possible Improvised Explosive Device (IED) of the present invention.Detecting device 14 is installed on the small-sized automatic driving vehicle 42.Small-sized automatic driving vehicle 42 is with detecting device 14 IED 40 that furthers, and x-ray source 12 remains on the distance apart from operator's (not shown) safety simultaneously.Though automatic driving vehicle 42 is the higher relatively members of cost compared to the backscattering x-ray system; but the small-sized automatic driving vehicle 42 at military design often stands blast, and can utilize explosion-proof plate armour further to protect automatic driving vehicle 42.
Different screening effects in the image that detecting device 14 causes obtaining with respect to the location of IED 40.If detecting device 14 only is placed on the side of elementary X-ray beam 44, then image will have covering of will seeing in the photo that is similar under following situation: camera is in the position of x-ray source 12, and light source is in the position of X-ray detector 14.These cover to confirm it is useful when being everlasting interpretation of images, because they give the outward appearance of object three-dimensional and make that some edge is more obvious.Can be by detecting device 14 be moved to reposition, perhaps side by side use a plurality of detecting devices and handle data from each detecting device 14 dividually, strengthen more edge.At AS﹠amp; The experiment at E place demonstrates, will be from the image blend of a plurality of detecting devices at two or more angles place together with different ratios, and effect even better.
Two or more detecting devices 14 in two or more robots 42 can be used for developing fully this detecting device hybrid concept.Perhaps, after using single detector 14 generation single images, x-ray source 12 is mobile simultaneously detecting device 14 can be moved to new position, generates second image then.The image of these orders can also mix to develop different possible masking structures in different ratio combinations (to increase effective flux).
Use forward direction to dispose moving detector for the application in IED scanning roadside
The mobile fully variant of embodiment can " be cleared away " IED in roadside before, as shown in figure 14.X-ray source 12 is installed on the vehicle 46.Vehicle 46 can or can not be anchored.Bundle isolating switch wheel (not shown) scanning beam 20 on perpendicular to the direction of road 48, vehicle 46 slowly travels on the direction of road 48 simultaneously, thereby generates two dimensional image.Detecting device 14 will travel in vehicle 46 fronts on miniature self-service steering vehicle 42.If the cable management between vehicle 46 and automatic driving vehicle 42 goes wrong, then can utilize wireless communication system 50 to come breakdown cable to connect, thereby guiding automatic driving vehicle 42 and reception come the signal of self-detector 14.
As shown in figure 15, x-ray source 12 can be appended to swivel base 52, in order to can perhaps check the object 40 that is arranged in road 48 to the either side imaging of road 48.
The velocity variations of vehicle 46 can cause image fault.These change the explanation that does not suppress backscatter image usually, yet distortion may more have problem for long range applications.The speed of the vehicle 46 that can adopt scanner driver to regulate to carry x-ray source 12 and the automatic driving vehicle 42 that carries detecting device 14.
The bigger challenge that runs into is the crash shock in uneven road surface and the road.These cause x-ray source 12 upspring and bullet under, in image, produce corresponding distortion.Though these distortions are not problems for the scanning several feet distance usually, their effect will increase pro rata with this distance.The change of the posture of the vehicle of 1 degree for example will be restrainted 20 5 feet distance and only be moved 1 ".Yet 30 feet distance, bundle 20 will be moved 6 ".Because such as long scope of the present invention system usually to compare the much smaller visual field work of short scope system, so the distortion that provides even more obvious (with respect to existing system).
According to a plurality of embodiment of the present invention, use to be used for modern tank fixedly gun constructed fix x-ray source 12.Because isolating switch wheel (not shown) self is the huge revolving instrument, thus isolating switch can be installed in the suspension of universal joint and vibroshock, so that when the posture change minimum of vehicle 46 X-ray beam 20 when uneven landform moves.
Image is more insensitive for the change in location of detecting device 14.To only cause less change in the covering of image in the change at the posture of the detecting device 14 of scan period or the elevation angle, this change not can interfering picture explanation, and even can not be noted.Be used for monitor selected and cross the vehicle of passage of definition or personnel's application
In another embodiment of two static backscattering concepts, inspected personnel or vehicle may be directed to the zone of crossing good definition.This zone can be aisle or track or the tunnel in the airport passed through of vehicle.
Be used for checking under these circumstances that each personnel's existing concept need be used for the space of the detecting device of whole backscattering source and contiguous this passage.In addition, object must only check object from sidepiece with specific speed by this bundle, and must shine each object by the inspection area.
Wherein not accepting the situation of above-mentioned any one constraint condition can utilize the structure shown in Figure 16 and 17 to solve.X-ray source 12 is appended to pivot bracket 52, and purpose utilizes X-ray beam 20 to scan for any optional subclass of selecting big zone.
In each of these systems, the operator selects personnel 56 (among Figure 16) or vehicle (among Figure 17), and only utilizes X ray to describe target.As long as personnel 56 or vehicle 58 be in detecting device 14 straight passages 60 in, just can study personnel 56 or vehicle 58.
If passage 60 is narrow passageway (if or track pass through the tunnel), then detecting device 14 can easily be hidden in wall and/or the ceiling or the part of disguise as wall or ceiling.In some environment, detecting device 14 can also be inserted in the surface of passage 60.Detecting device 14 is deployed in the structure in wall, ground and the ceiling in tunnel therein, can obtain the coverage near 4 π sr, thereby utilize the scattered photon of maximum possible part.This system obtains the collection efficiency of the scattered photon more much higher than current near field Compton scattering imaging system.
As shown in figure 16, x-ray source 12 can be arranged in ceiling, so that the operator can lead around the personnel that lose interest in better.In Figure 18, x-ray source 12 is plotted in the sidepiece place of passage 60.Yet, in the tunnel, also can hang x-ray source 12 from ceiling.
Use a plurality of x-ray sources 12 or even single x-ray source 12, these x-ray sources can be from the middle part towards the two ends aiming of passage 60, allow the operator from a plurality of angles to personnel 56 or vehicle 58 imagings.If identical object or the approximating object of a plurality of x-ray source 12 aimings, then x-ray source 12 need be electric synchronous, in order to have only one taking at any time.
Can use the scrambler on the pointing device of source to identify (a plurality of) target location, and only allow to handle the signal from nearest detecting device, thus restriction electronic noise and air scattering.
By from certain the distance to personnel 56 or vehicle 58 imagings, speed becomes compares the more unessential factor of near field imaging system because when from certain apart from the time angular velocity much smaller.From being close to the straight angle of target travel direction target imaging, further reduced tangible angular movement, the also convenient imaging of motion object.
Insert the detecting device 14 in ground or the road surface, shown in Figure 18 and 19, must be able to support the weight of any object 80 (personnel, animal or vehicle) that may move above it.Strong solid supporter such as steel plate not be used in Compton scattering detecting device front usually, because the energy of Compton scattering X ray is too low so that can not run through such structure usually.Yet, the structural support grid of being made by structured material (such as steel) 62 can be placed on detecting device 14 tops, shown in Figure 18 and 19, the detection efficiency of detecting device 14 only will reduce the part of the detector region that is stopped by the solid portion of structural support grid 62.Structural support grid 62 can not generate the pseudo-shadow of any kind in the Compton scattering image, because utilize the motion of elementary X-ray beam to come spatial modulation Compton scattering radioscopic image, rather than utilize and as in most of Transmission X rays and the optical imaging system, utilize the pixel-shift (pixilation) of detecting device 14 to come spatial modulation.
In some cases, with the cost of decay X ray signal, can utilize camouflage or other modes to hide detecting device 14.In outdoor utility, can use earth or the leaf of thin layer.In the aisle, airport, has any recognition feature of the plastic sheet meeting Fuzzy Detector 14 of decorative pattern.
Be used for the application that extensive region monitors
In another embodiment, shown in Figure 20 and 21, detector array 14 is arranged in area-of-interest, and whole zone can utilize single x-ray source 12 " drafting ".
Detecting device 14 is disposed in the interior ground of monitor area or on the ground.X-ray source 12 can " be taken " All Ranges that detecting device 14 is positioned at middle position.By this way, because no matter where object 82 is arranged in the zone, object 82 is the roughly the same distance of nearest detecting device 14 still, so be used for the basic and range-independence of X ray flux to each the pixel imaging that provides target.X-ray source 12 can scan from the position angles that reach 360 degree to be similar to the mode of radar system.
In this continuous wiping mode, in case check scanning area, then the back-scattered signal at any some place can not change, unless introduce new object.Therefore, computing machine can monitoring picture, or only from any integrated signal that provides the zone in the image, and when changing, report to the police to human operator.The unexpected increase of image density may be indicated the existence of live body invader (mankind or animal).More subtle change may denoted objects motion (for example vehicle enters the zone or be hidden in the motion of the mankind/vehicle of the camouflage in the zone before the scanning beginning).Perhaps, can use optics or infrared imaging system automatically to detect potential threat in a similar manner.In case mark potential threat, system can start more detailed Compton X-ray scanning automatically, to generate image for the human operator analysis.
The pressure transducer (not shown) can with ground in detecting device 14 integrated.In this case, pressure transducer can be first detection system.Then, computing machine can automatically aim at X-ray beam 20 suspicious zone and generate image.
Can use continuous wiping mode to come the scanning crowd to seek potential suicide ignition person.
Can be used for responding to detecting device 14 pressure transducers integrated and that be placed in the ground around detecting device 14 when object 82 is mobile concurrently with the path of bundle.This information can be used by the automatic safe system, thereby to be restricted to the dosage of object 82 by cut-out bundle 20 or change swept path.Utilization obtains best solid angle covering for the tiling pattern of the detecting device 14 that ground " blanket type " arranged.
In some embodiments of the invention, detecting device 14 can utilize the earth of thin layer to pretend or hide in other mode, though the camouflage of some forms may cause the minimizing of signal.Or alternatively or additionally, also can on such as the ground of artificial rock or trees, hide detecting device 14 in the object, though in this case big solid angle to cover be impossible.
As shown in figure 22, detecting device 14 can be deployed as independent monomer spare 68, though big solid angle will need to utilize monomer spare 68 to fill most of zone, it can stop the sight line from x-ray source 12 to potential interesting target.Buildings 70 and other sensitive structures can be equipped with detecting device 14 at the buildings wall.
Can limit electronic noise by only handling from the signal near those detecting devices 14 of the target of X-ray beam 20.
If restraint 20 directly towards detecting device 14 emissions, this signal is by independent processing, because it mainly is transmission image signal rather than Compton scattering signal.Scrambler on the locating device of source can be indicated the position of X-ray beam point, thereby indicates to control system when detecting device 14 is on the direct-path of bundle 20.
Electron device and software are designed to allow the user and dispose and dispose any amount of detecting device 14 with any choice structure.Different landform and different application can need the detecting device 14 of different structures and varying number.
When scanning in a distance, air scattering becomes prior consideration.Near the detecting device 14 admission of air scattered signals of primary beam 20, this air scattering signal is with " bluring " image.The noise that is caused by this effect can alleviate by the signal that reads in autonomous channel 74 from the detecting device 14 at different distance place, as shown in figure 23, so that only in a detecting device to personnel's 76 imagings, and this image comprises the air scattering background of only coming self-detector (or the detecting device collection in this zone).Keep off the signal that the path positioned detection device 14 along primary beam 20 of target receives from the much less of target, have higher jam-to-signal thus.By ignoring the whole signals from these detecting devices, can improve whole signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).
Though disclose a plurality of illustrative embodiments of the present invention, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that under the situation that does not depart from true scope of the present invention, can make a plurality of changes and the modification that obtain some advantages of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. method that be used for to check destination object, this method comprises:
Select described destination object;
Utilization is shone the destination object of selection by the collimated beam of the penetrating radiation that the source provides, and described source is set, and makes to check that described destination object is less than 0.1 sterad;
Utilize detecting device to detect backscattered radiation from the destination object of described selection, so that subtend is greater than 0.5 sterad in the visual field of described destination object;
Based on the reference for the part of the destination object of described selection, the reference value that obtains expecting;
Characteristic value and the described expection reference value of described backscattered radiation are compared; And
Relatively come to determine descriptive classification based on described, described descriptive classification illustrates the characteristic of the destination object of described selection.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, described penetrating radiation is X-radiation.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, when described characteristic value during less than described expection reference value, the unusual high metallicity content of described descriptive classification indication, and wherein, when described characteristic value during greater than described expection reference value, the unusual high organic content of described descriptive classification indication.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, described descriptive classification is indicated potential security threat according to default security threat standard.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, described descriptive classification is indicated the security threat of affirmation according to default security threat standard.
6. method according to claim 1, wherein, described selection is based on that the optics of interesting areas monitors.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein, described selection is based on the non-optical supervision of interesting areas.
8. method according to claim 1 also comprises:
Based on utilizing described penetrating radiation irradiation references object, determine described expection reference value.
9. method according to claim 1 further comprises:
Detect transmission by the penetrating radiation of described destination object in the hiding transmission detector, and generate direct transmission signal; And
Be based in part on described direct transmission signal, determine the particular characteristics of the content of described destination object.
10. method according to claim 9, wherein, described transmission detector comprises one or more linear portion.
11. method according to claim 9, wherein, described transmission detector comprises the L shaped detecting device with vertical component effect and horizontal part.
12. method according to claim 9, wherein, described transmission detector is included in the deceleration strip structure fully.
13. method according to claim 9 also comprises:
Detection scatters to penetrating radiation in the forward scattering detecting device by described object, and generates the forward scattering signal; And
Be based in part on described scattered signal, determine the particular characteristics of the content of described object.
14. method according to claim 13, wherein, described direct transmission signal and described forward scattering signal are combined to create the enhancing dispersion image.
15. method according to claim 13, wherein, described direct transmission signal and described forward scattering signal are combined to create the enhancing transmission image.
16. according to claim 14 or 15 described methods, also comprise described image is shown to the operator.
17. method according to claim 13, wherein, described forward scattering detecting device is included in the deceleration strip structure fully.
18. one kind is suitable for using the system according to any one described method of claim 9-17.
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| US60/748,909 | 2005-12-09 | ||
| PCT/US2006/060158 WO2007051092A2 (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-23 | X-ray inspection based on scatter detection |
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| CN101379415B true CN101379415B (en) | 2013-07-17 |
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| EP (1) | EP1949139A2 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101379415A (en) | 2009-03-04 |
| WO2007051092A3 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
| US7551715B2 (en) | 2009-06-23 |
| WO2007051092A2 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
| US20070098142A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
| EP1949139A2 (en) | 2008-07-30 |
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