CN102893143A - Personnel screening system - Google Patents
Personnel screening system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102893143A CN102893143A CN2011800241163A CN201180024116A CN102893143A CN 102893143 A CN102893143 A CN 102893143A CN 2011800241163 A CN2011800241163 A CN 2011800241163A CN 201180024116 A CN201180024116 A CN 201180024116A CN 102893143 A CN102893143 A CN 102893143A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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- G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
- G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
- G01V5/222—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays measuring scattered radiation
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Abstract
The present specification discloses an inspection system for detecting objects being carried by a person who is moving along a pathway. The inspection system has two detection systems configured to detect radiation scattered from the person as the person moves along the pathway and an X-ray source positioned between the detection systems. The X-ray source is configured to generate a vertical beam spot pattern and does not generate beams that move horizontally.
Description
The cross reference of related application
The application requires the right of priority of No. the 61/313772nd, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application submitted on March 14th, 2010, and this application is all incorporated this paper here by reference into.
The application requires the right of priority of No. the 61/423585th, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application submitted on November 15th, 2010, and this application is all incorporated this paper here by reference into.
In addition, the application requires the right of priority of No. the 61/423582nd, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application submitted on November 15th, 2010, and this application is all incorporated this paper here by reference into.
In addition, the application requires the right of priority of No. the 61/423586th, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application submitted on November 15th, 2010, and this application is all incorporated this paper here by reference into.
And, the application is that denomination of invention is " Security System for Screening People " and the part continuation application that transfers applicant's of the present invention U.S. Patent application 12/887510, this U.S. Patent application is to have identical denomination of invention, also transfer the continuation application of applicant's of the present invention U.S. Patent application 7826589, this paper is all incorporated in two patented claims here by reference into.
And, the application is that denomination of invention is " Personnel Screening System with Enhanced Privacy " and the part continuation application that transfers applicant's of the present invention U.S. Patent application 12/849987, this U.S. Patent application is to have identical denomination of invention, also transfer the continuation application of applicant's of the present invention U.S. Patent application 7796733, this paper is all incorporated in two patented claims here by reference into.
Technical field
This instructions relates generally to a kind of security system of the threat that comprises at the person for safety check, exactly, relate to a kind of personnel's safe examination system, comprise for improvement of the modular member of portability, or rather, relate to detecting device tower a kind of compactness and light.
Background technology
Be used for the safety check crowd, the current system based on radiation using such as transportation point such as airport, law courts is entrance system (portal system) roughly, it is heavy, is unfavorable for using easily.Regrettable, the safe examination system of this prior art is compact not (for example, have the heavy rear end cable or wire that couples together for photomultiplier and centralized analog to digital conversion and power house), usually use and/or during transportation be difficulty with consuming time.
In addition, the ability of security system is confined to contraband goods, weapon, explosive and other dangerous goods of detection of concealed under clothes at present.Usually detect large metal and the explosive of some type with metal detector and chemical sniffer, yet existence can not be installed the numerous dangerous goods of kind that detect with these.Plastics and ceramic weapon have increased the type that needs the security personnel to remove the non-metal article that detects; The alternative speed of manually searching target is slow, inconvenient, and ordinary populace is not high to this tolerance, during particularly as the standard program in huge traffic hub, such as on the airport.
Known prior art for detection of the x-ray system that is hidden in the article on the human body its design and method have limitation, this hinders the x-ray system acquisition as the low radiation dose of health requirements, or hindering the high-quality image of generation, low radiation dose and high image quality are the commercial condition precedents that can accept.The check system that operates under low-level radioactive exposure is subject to its utilization and obtains precision towards a small amount of radiation of people's orientation of being searched.X ray absorption and scattering have also reduced the total amount of the useful X ray of the image that forms people and any hiding article.In the system of prior art, the low ordinal number of the X ray of detection causes unacceptable bad picture quality.
If the X-ray examination system is used for open place, such as stadium, shopping mall, outdoor fair and exhibition etc., this problem can be more remarkable.In such place, people can be close to machine and/or with machine certain distance be arranged.If the very not close X-ray machine of the people who just is being scanned, the image that obtains so is just enough not clear, because very low to intelligent's radiation amount.This sweep limit with system is restricted to several feet places apart from machine the place ahead.Yet, if the people who just is being scanned from X-ray machine too close to, bump people's radiation amount can be dangerous.
Therefore, need a kind of ray detector of compactness/source safe examination system, it has improved detection efficiency, is light but enough firm, and is easy to dismounting being used for transportation, and the easily again assembling at the place, place.Also need a kind of ray safe examination system, it provides good resolution and large-scale visual field and rapid scanning speed, remains in simultaneously the radioactive exposure in the safety margin.That is, this system is safe to being in in-plant people not only, and can also provide good resolution and penetrance at distant location.
Summary of the invention
In one embodiment, this instructions discloses a kind of check system of the article for detection of just being carried by the people, wherein, described people is just along the planar movement that is limited by Z axis and Y-axis, described check system comprises: a) the first detection system, be configured to when the people is moving along the y-axis shift on described plane, the radiation that detection scatters out from described people, described the first detection system comprises the first flat surfaces with described plane relative positioning, and is configured to produce the electronic signal of the radiation that detects being made response; B) the second detection system, be configured to when the people is moving along the y-axis shift on described plane, the radiation that detection scatters out from described people, described the second detection system comprises the second flat surfaces with described plane relative positioning, and is configured to produce the electronic signal of the radiation that detects being made response; C) x-ray source, be positioned between described the first detection system and described the second detection system, wherein, described x-ray source is configured to produce the bundle spot pattern along the Z axis on described plane, and wherein, described x-ray source does not produce along the moving wave beam of the y-axis shift on described plane; And d) disposal system is used for analyzing the electronic signal that is produced by described the first detection system and described the second detection system, and is used for producing image at display.
Selectively, described x-ray source is combined with chopper, and wherein, described chopper operates to produce the scanning pencil beam along the X ray of Z axis.Described chopper is not produced the scanning pencil beam along the X ray of Y-axis.In one embodiment, described chopper comprises the chopper wheel with three slits, and wherein, each slit is all orientated interval 120 degree as with contiguous slit.The described slit collimator slit parallel with at least two aimed at, and wherein, the X ray of launching from described x-ray source shines (illuminates) described collimator slit conically, to produce in time interleaved at least two parallel scanning beams.In another embodiment, described chopper comprises the hollow cylinder with at least one threaded hole.Described scanning pencil beam has linear sweep speed, described linear sweep speed is changed or remains unchanged by at least one gradient and the angle of roll of revising in the described threaded hole.Described scanning pencil beam has spot size, described spot size is changed or remains unchanged by revising at least one aperture width in the described threaded hole.
Selectively, described the first detection system is contained in the first involution spare (enclosure), described the first involution spare has the first width that extends to the opposite end of described the first involution spare from an end of described the first involution spare, and wherein, described flat surfaces extends along whole the first width.Described the second detection system is contained in the second involution spare, and described the second involution spare has the first width that extends to the opposite end of described the second involution spare from an end of described the second involution spare, and wherein, described flat surfaces extends along whole the first width.Described the first involution spare physically separates with described the second involution spare, and is independent of described the second involution spare.Described x-ray source is contained in the 3rd involution spare, and wherein, described the 3rd involution spare physically separates with described the first and second involution spares, and is independent of described the first and second involution spares.
Selectively, described first, second, and third involution spare is all less than 88 pound weights.Described the 3rd involution spare is detachably connected to described the first involution spare and described the second involution spare.Each of described first, second, and third involution spare is detachably connected to framework.Described chopper comprises the disk chopper that is configured to by the motor rotation.The speed of chopper wheel is dynamically controlled by controller, to optimize the sweep velocity of X ray wave beam.Described the first involution spare comprises a) the first side, is limited by the flat surfaces of the outer surface with inner surface and human oriented, and described the first side is configured to receive the radiation that scatters out from the people; B) the second side, acutangulate relation with described the first side, described the second side is limited by the flat surfaces with inner surface, and described inner surface is suitable for receiving the radiation of passing described the first side, and described the second side is configured to only receive this radiation after described the first side is passed in radiation; C) the first matrix is positioned the inside surface of described the first side, and described the first matrix also comprises be used to receiving described radiation and described radiation being changed into the activating area (active area) of light; D) the second matrix is positioned the inside surface of described the second side, and described the second matrix also comprises be used to receiving described radiation and described radiation being changed into the activating area of light; And e) at least one photodetector has photoresponse zone and non-photoresponse zone, wherein, and the light that described photoresponse zone location becomes reception to emit from described the first matrix and described the second matrix.
Selectively, described radiation comprises x-ray photon, and described the first matrix detects the 30%-60% of the x-ray photon that impacts described the first side.Described the second matrix detects the 10-30% of the x-ray photon that impacts described the first side.Described check system also comprises be used to the travelling belt that makes the people that stands or be seated along described planar movement.The image that produces comprises 480 row, 8 of 160 row and every pixels.Described x-ray source produces along the bundle spot pattern of the Z axis on described plane by being pivoted to second point from first, and wherein, described pivot is around predetermined point of rotation centering.Described x-ray source and chopper are connected to the surface that is configured to vertically tilt with respect to induction element and motor is made response.
In another embodiment, this instructions discloses a kind of method of coming the threat article of detection of concealed on human body with check system, this check system comprises at least one radiation source and detector means, described at least one radiation source is for the production of the scanning pencil beam of X ray, wherein, described scanning pencil beam has the path, described detector means comprises at least the first detecting device involution spare with first surface and the second detecting device involution spare with second surface, and described method comprises step: a) make the people vertical with the light path of scanning pencil beam, with move through described at least one radiation source on the described first surface plane parallel with second surface; B) produce the X-ray beam that is arranged in radiation source involution spare, wherein, described radiation source comprises the x-ray source of being combined with chopper, and wherein, described scanning pencil beam does not produce horizontal beam spot pattern by at least one slit collimation that is arranged in described radiation source involution spare to produce perpendicular fasciculus spot pattern; C) at least one of described the first detecting device involution spare or described the second detecting device involution spare, detect radiation by people's scattering; And d) process the radiation detect to produce two dimensional image, wherein, described image demonstrates any hiding explosive material that is carried by the people.
Selectively, described chopper comprise have hollow cylinder, carbon fiber right cylinder and the cylindrical chopper assembly of epoxy tygon, hollow cylinder has the spiral slit of extending along described cylindrical length, the carbon fiber right cylinder covers described hollow cylinder, and epoxy tygon right cylinder covers described carbon fiber right cylinder.Described chopper assembly is by magnetic bearing assembly rotation, and this magnetic bearing assembly comprises magnet rotor and magnetic bearing stator, and wherein, described magnetic bearing assembly is provided for the magnetic levitation of chopper assembly at least during the energising of chopper and power-down state.
Selectively, described x-ray source connects with vertical elevating mechanism, described elevating mechanism be configured to that the counterweight of described x-ray source balance is connected.Described x-ray source connects with vertical elevating mechanism, and described elevating mechanism connects with at least one lifting belt.Described x-ray source connects with vertical elevating mechanism, and described elevating mechanism connects and do not connect with counterweight with gear reducer and motor.
In another embodiment, this instructions discloses a kind of method for the manufacture of check system, comprise: a) receive at least one container, wherein, described at least one container comprises the first detection system, this first detection system is configured to detect the radiation that scatters out from the people as people during along path movement, and described the first detection system is contained in the first involution spare; The second detection system is configured to detect the radiation that scatters out from the people as people during along path movement, and described the second detection system is contained in the second involution spare; X-ray source, be positioned between described the first detection system and described the second detection system, wherein, described x-ray source is configured to produce perpendicular fasciculus spot pattern, and wherein, described x-ray source is contained in the 3rd involution spare with angled left side and angled right side; B) described the first involution spare is connected to the angled left side of the 3rd involution spare; And c) described the second involution spare is connected to the angled right side of the 3rd involution spare.Call by name and talk about, described x-ray source is configured to produce perpendicular fasciculus spot pattern and does not produce flatly mobile wave beam, perhaps be configured to suppress described source with (vertically) about producing the mobile and mobile bundle spot of side direction (flatly) not.
Selectively, described first, second, and third involution spare physically separates each other, and independent of one another.Described first, second, and third involution spare is all less than 88 pound weights.First, second, and third involution spare all is detachably connected to framework.
As further described below, this system can be equipped with two toward each other, limit people's walking path and check the system of volume.In one embodiment, described detection system and x-ray system involution spare are equipped with hinged door, and this hinged door is opened to enter and checked volume and do not open in the back of this system, thereby have reduced the required areal coverage (footprint) of system.
Description of drawings
These and other feature of the present invention and advantage will be recognized that because when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by the following detailed description of reference, they can become better understood, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 illustrates the exemplary X ray backscatter system structure for safe examination system of the present invention, comprises detection system and tower;
Fig. 2 A illustrates a plurality of views of the detecting device tower of embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 2 B illustrates the exploded view of photomultiplier, installation sheet and signal processing card;
Fig. 2 C illustrates the exploded view that the subassembly of photomultiplier, installation sheet and signal processing card is wrapped in the structure in the detecting device tower;
Fig. 2 D illustrates the photomultiplier assembly of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 E illustrates the signal-processing board of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 F is connected four photomultipliers with signal-processing board wiring diagram;
Fig. 2 G illustrates the table 1 of first group of bill of materials of the respective articles numbering of mark in the view that is included in Fig. 2 A to Fig. 2 F;
Fig. 2 H illustrates the table 2 of second group of bill of materials of the respective articles numbering of mark in the view that is included in Fig. 2 A to Fig. 2 F;
Fig. 3 A is the synoptic diagram for the unassembled and packing of the example modular X ray backscatter system structure of personnel's safe examination system of the present invention, and this X ray backscatter system structure comprises detection system and tower;
Fig. 3 B is the assembling synoptic diagram of the example modular X ray backscatter system structure shown in Fig. 3 A;
Fig. 4 illustrates in order to be easy near the modular member of safe examination system of the present invention and the detecting device tower of pulling out from the radiation housing;
Fig. 5 A illustrates the top view of the exemplary modulation dish that uses in the safe examination system of the present invention;
Fig. 5 B illustrates electromagnetic machine with associating and the exemplary disk chopper assembly of bearing;
Fig. 5 C illustrates according to one embodiment of present invention, is connected to the x-ray source of disk chopper;
Fig. 6 A just illustrates the x-ray source that is combined with chopper wheel in the exemplary threat detection system, and " cam " mechanism of the inclination in the source of being connected to also is shown;
Fig. 6 B illustrates the stretch-out view of metal framework tilting cam mechanism 600, and the driving wheel against cam arm also is shown, so that the source can vertical movement;
Fig. 6 C illustrates the another kind of view of the module shown in Fig. 6 A, and the rotation platform that makes source and corresponding power supply rotation also is shown;
Fig. 7 A is the mechanical schematic of the exemplary design of an exemplary beams embodiment forming device;
Fig. 7 B illustrates the exemplary beams with x-ray source and forms device;
Fig. 7 C is according to an embodiment, uses the mathematic(al) representation of the wave beam track that has the rotary roll chopper of single source and obtain of the present invention;
Fig. 8 illustrates another embodiment of safe examination system of the present invention in use;
Fig. 9 A uses the partitioning algorithm of one embodiment of the present of invention and the image that obtains;
Fig. 9 B uses the partitioning algorithm of one embodiment of the present of invention and the image that obtains;
Fig. 9 C is the close-up view of cutting apart article, cuts apart the image shown in Fig. 9 b that this close-up view obtains from the partitioning algorithm that uses one embodiment of the present of invention to obtain;
Figure 10 A uses the partitioning algorithm of one embodiment of the present of invention and the image that obtains;
Figure 10 B uses the partitioning algorithm of one embodiment of the present of invention and the image that obtains;
Figure 11 illustrates the side view that comes vertical scanning with the tailored radiation source;
Figure 12 illustrates the top view of the exemplary safety check apparatus of the present invention's use;
Figure 13 illustrates exemplary source apparatus, has two-wheel and is used for the scan aperture that scope is selected;
Figure 14 illustrates the exemplary modulation dish that can be used for the described two-wheel of Figure 13 system;
Figure 15 is another top view of vertical scan system shown in Figure 11, and the scan aperture of one embodiment of the present of invention also is shown;
Figure 16 illustrates the exemplary arrangement that is used for Double-visual angle, four scope systems of one embodiment of the present of invention;
Figure 17 A illustrates two detecting devices to the response of the radiation beam that travels through at article;
Figure 17 B is two detecting devices to another view of the response of the radiation beam that travels through at article;
Figure 17 C is two detecting devices to another view of the response of the radiation beam that travels through at article.
Embodiment
This instructions relates to the personnel's safe examination system that comprises modular member, and this modular member comprises detecting device and source unit.Modular member of the present invention allows to dismantle so that transport and needing the place to assemble to be used for compactness, the light and sufficiently solid general construction of inspection easily again.The modular construction of the novelty of safe examination system of the present invention also allows the independent assembling of modular member and Rapid fastener to be used for assembling.Similarly, modular member is easy to dismantle so that approach the parts of selecting and/or be used for packing to be used for transportation subsequently.
This instructions still be not exposed to individuality under the high radiation, and keeps in the situation of safety check process efficiency, is used for the Innovative method at home place safety check individuality.Disclosed system has and biggest threat detection performance and the image definition of individuality at a distance of the range-independence of safe examination system.
In one embodiment, use to be used for " body imaging " any can with the radiant image technology form ray image, the radiant image technology such as but be not limited to X ray scattering, infrared imaging, microwave imaging, RF imaging, radar imagery, holographic imaging, CT imaging and MRI.Can adopt any " body imaging " system with the possibility that shows the health details.In one embodiment, the present invention can adopt radiation or any radiation source with light beam that any photoelectricity can detect.
In one embodiment, the target that system requirements of the present invention is in inspection only presents a posture, and this system uses the single source of detecting device, circuit and processor with single group, to produce two scanning beam and associated pictures of processing separately.
In one embodiment, check system is walked by system of the present invention, and this walks the single source that check system is used detecting device, circuit and processor with single group, to produce two scanning beam and associated pictures of processing separately.
In another embodiment, this system operates with the double source pattern, but uses single group detecting device, circuit and processor.
This system allow by to such as the bank note of the anesthetic of the explosive material of trinitrotoluene, C-4 and pottery, graphite fiber, plastic containers, plastics weapon, vial, syringe, packing, binding and even wooden object effectively imaging detect threat.
In the X ray backscatter system for detection of hiding article, the pencil beam of X ray is in just checked people's body surface traversal (traverses).Detected by detecting device from the health scattering of target or the X ray of reflection, such as, for example scintillater and photomultiplier combination.The subject image of any hiding article that the signal that obtains that is produced by X-ray detector carries for the production of target with by target subsequently is such as profile.
In one embodiment, X ray backscattering imaging system design of the present invention becomes it to optimize for the people or the closely in real time imaging of article that come with the inquiry radiation beam being in motion.This system can also be by processing the nearly in real time automatically threat on the inspection image data of detection algorithm.
The present invention relates to a plurality of embodiment.Following disclosing so that persons skilled in the art can realize the present invention is provided.The language that uses in this manual should not be construed as totally the denying of any one specific embodiment, perhaps should not be used for limiting claim and surpass as used herein term implication.In the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the General Principle of definition can be applied to other embodiment and application here.Equally, the term of use and word are in order to describe the purpose of exemplary embodiment, and should not think restrictive.Therefore, the present invention is endowed the wide region that comprises many alternative, modification and the analog consistent with disclosed principle and feature.For the sake of clarity, the details that relates to technologic material known in the technical field relevant with the present invention is not described in detail, with in order not make the present invention fuzzy.
Fig. 1 illustrates the exemplary X ray backscatter system structure for the modularization safe examination system 100 of novelty of the present invention.Referring to Fig. 1, x-ray source 160 is contained in the Modularized shell 165, and is in the narrow pencil beam 102 of X ray of the target 103 of inspection for generation of sensing.
In one embodiment, pencil beam 102 forms by X-ray tube and disconnected associating of restrainting mechanism 167.Pencil beam 102 flatly or vertically rasterisation is passed target.This rasterisation is that the disconnected mechanism of restrainting only allows X-ray beam with the result of minimum outlet aperture projection.If the employing chopper wheel is as described below, the diameter of outlet aperture is 1mm, causes departing from the X-ray beam of about 7mm.In one embodiment, target 103 is human.When object (people who just is being scanned) 103 poses or passes by safe examination system before safe examination system 100, pencil beam 102 colliding object that obtain, thus, at least a portion of X ray is reversed scattering.Be described in more detail below disconnected exemplary embodiment of restrainting mechanism 167.
Persons skilled in the art should be understood that, can use the ionizing radiation source of any amount that includes but are not limited to: gamma radiation, electromagnetic radiation and ultraviolet radiation.Preferably, the X ray energy of employing is between 30kV and 100kV.
In one embodiment, adopt sensor 104a and 104b to pose before safe examination system when him or she or the existing of detection people when passing by safe examination system.
At least a portion bump detector means 106 of scattered x-ray 105.In one embodiment, the detector means 106 in the safe examination system of the present invention comprises be used to making feasible the first and second detecting device involution spares 110 and 120 of detection.In one embodiment, the first and second detecting device involution spares 110 and 120 are presented as the form of modularization detecting device tower, comprise at least one scintillator screen.In another embodiment, the first and second detecting device involution spares 110 and 120 are the modularization detecting device towers that comprise at least two detecting device screens.In the embodiment that substitutes, detecting device involution spare comprises the device of any amount, and the device of this any amount includes but are not limited to: a plurality of detecting device screens.The U.S. Patent application 12/262631 that denomination of invention is " Multiple Screen Detection System ", transfer applicant of the present invention is incorporated this paper here by reference into.In addition, the denomination of invention of submitting on March 14th, 2010 is all incorporated this paper here into by reference for the U.S. Patent application 62/313733 of " Multiple Screen Detection System ".
As shown in Figure 1, detecting device tower 110 and 120 all comprises territory, the first lateral areas 141, territory, the second lateral areas 142 and the territory, the 3rd lateral areas 143 that couples together to form each other the triangular-section with an angle separately.Territory, described the first lateral areas 141 comprises screen 147, and towards the target 103 that is in inspection.Territory, described the second lateral areas 142 comprises the second screen 148 that is positioned at tower inside.In one embodiment, screen 147, the 148th, relatively thick CaWO
4Scintillator screen, this scintillator screen have the relatively short fall time of 10 microseconds, and this relatively short fall time allows radiation beam with the image degradation rapid scanning of minimum.In one embodiment, CaWO
4Screen can detect about 70% backscattering or the radiation of transmission, thus about 250 the available optical photons of every 30keV X ray production.In addition, use thicker screen can be output as cost with lower light and detect the radiation that are incident on the detecting device more.In one embodiment, the surface density of screen is 80 milligrams every square centimeter.
In one embodiment, be fastened to pedestal in order to make the detecting device tower, large diameter rotator bolt pretension is affixed to pedestal, so that the detecting device tower can " rotate " and be locked on the pedestal.In case radiation source and housing are connected to pedestal, the detecting device tower just can not move and break away from (twisted off).Radiative envelope body region 165 comprises the first angled side (angular side) the 170 and second angled side 171, so that when detecting device tower and radiation source housing in conjunction with or when fitting together, they are easy to the side 142 against detecting device tower 110 and 120, and overlap with the side 142 of detecting device tower 110 and 120.Object-oriented 103 front band 172 comprises opening 173, and X-ray beam 102 passed this opening before bump target 103.Limited opening 173 helps to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radiated noise.Side slat band 172 also serves as the separation vessel for two detecting device towers so that two detecting device towers be assembled in symmetrically incident X-rays pencil beam 102 around, detecting backscattering X ray 105, and provide the electronic signal characteristic of X ray reflection ratio.
In one embodiment, detecting device tower 110 and 120 is separated by band 172, so that chopper wheel or other beam collimation device are positioned at the centre of two towers.Two towers 110,120 distance of separations " d ", this distance changes in 1/2 to 2 times scope of chopper wheel diameter in one embodiment.Distance ' ' d ' ' defines the visual field for x-ray source, and optimizes for enough visual fields, prevents that simultaneously crossing of detecting device from exposing.
According to one embodiment of present invention, detecting device tower 110,120 and radiation housing 165 have the composite wall that optimized firm but light general construction is provided or any other similar non-conductive material that those skilled in the art understand.Exactly, radiation source and back end electronics, the electric wire and cable relevant with photomultiplier be contained in created faraday cup in the composite wall, thereby basically reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI).
In an embodiment of the present invention, detecting device tower 110,120 also comprises the light-emitting device on peripheral or any one edge that is positioned at front area 141, such as light emitting diode, is used for illumination indication safe examination system and begins and/or the safety check well afoot.Tower 110,120 each comprise be placed on tower inside, next-door neighbour territory, the 3rd lateral areas 143 photomultiplier 150.The back end electronics of photomultiplier 150 is contained in roughly in the semicircular shell 151.
Fig. 2 a to 2f illustrates the CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION of the detecting device tower of a specific embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 2 g and 2h illustrate the relevant bill of materials of respective articles numbering of mark in the view with Fig. 2 a to Fig. 2 f.Exactly, Fig. 2 a illustrates skeleton view and their front view 205, top view 215 and side views 216 separately of equality detector tower 210 and 220.In one embodiment, tower has 67 inches height ' h ', 30 inches transverse width ' w ' and 16 inches maximum ga(u)ge ' t '.
Referring now to the exploded view of detecting device tower among Fig. 2 b and the 2c,, simultaneously, installation sheet 225 be shown as be installed in when assembling on the sheet 225 four photomultiplier assemblies 230 " disengaging " with separate.According to embodiments of the invention, the back end electronics of photomultiplier 230 comprises and being co-located on the installation sheet 225 and the signal-processing board 235 contiguous with photomultiplier.Fig. 2 d provides the more detailed view of photomultiplier assembly 230, and Fig. 2 e illustrates the detailed view of signal-processing board 235 simultaneously, and in this was implemented, signal-processing board was and four four-way cards that photomultiplier is corresponding.
At least one analog-to-digital conversion card and a power module are installed on the signal-processing board 235.Power module is applied to photomultiplier with operating voltage, and simultaneously, analog-to-digital conversion card will be converted to the digital signal of processing for further from the pulse current of photomultiplier output.Usually, adopt a large amount of cables so that photomultiplier is coupled together with being positioned at from central mould number converter and the power house of photomultiplier a distance.By making the more close photomultiplier of power supply and analog to digital converter, the electric wire that needs still less thus, has also reduced the signal transient noise, and has improved total signal to noise ratio (snr).Similarly, Fig. 2 f illustrates the connection of four photomultipliers 230 and signal-processing board 235.
Refer again to Fig. 2 b and 2c, simultaneously, seal 226 allows to comprise that the subassembly of installation sheet 225, photomultiplier 230 and signal-processing board 235 closely is installed in the corresponding column foot section 227.The mutual structural cover protection that connects of one cover also allows to approach easily the photomultiplier that is positioned on the installation sheet assembly when needed.This nested structure comprises the angle lid 240 with connector angle lid 241; Closing lid 245 with corresponding connectors 246; Two neat lateral plates 250 and top and bottom handle framework 255.
Return referring to Fig. 1, in one embodiment, check system 100 has modular member, and this modular member can be dismantled for moving and being easy to and transport, and assembles in interested place again.Therefore, having that the teardrop shape detecting device tower 110,120 of relevant electronic equipment and cable and radiation source housing 165 manufacture can be fast in conjunction with independent module or cabinet with formation system 100.Novel teardrop shape modular construction makes compact and light total system 100 becomes possibility.
Fig. 3 a illustrates the dismounting view 300a of safe examination system of the present invention, such as detecting device tower 310,320 and the modular member of radiation source housing 365 be dismantled and assembled and can pack so that transportation.For example, detecting device tower 310,320 triangular-section make these parts against each other and pack in the mode of the minimum transport space of needs.Fig. 3 b illustrates the assembled view 300b of the safe examination system that the shipping parcel 300a according to Fig. 3 a makes up.The modular member of safe examination system of the present invention or cabinet are designed to them and have simple and tie point intuitively, such as can be secured to one another to be used for rapid-assembling by means of snap-fastener.In one embodiment, assembling/dispose safe examination system from transportation, the packed state of safe examination system need to be less than 30 minutes time.In one embodiment, assemble/dispose safe examination system from transportation, the packed state of safe examination system and need about 15 minutes to 30 minutes time.In one embodiment, depend on whether need heating or cooling unit so that the unit enters the safe operation temperature assembling/setup time.
Persons skilled in the art should be understood that the modular member design of safe examination system of the present invention also is convenient to R and M.For example, Fig. 4 illustrates the assembling/configuration view 400 of safe examination system of the present invention, and detecting device tower 410 is pulled away from radiation housing 465, to be used near housing 465 and/or to be used for the selectivity R and M of tower 410.
In one embodiment of the invention, in order to obtain the 2D image of scattered radiation, detector system utilizes the twin shaft scanning beam.Return referring to Fig. 1, during operation, when the target 103 detecting device tower 110,120 or when standing in detecting device tower 110,120 the place ahead of passing by, bump target 103 as the part of the pencil beam 102 of the X ray of ray 105 owing to Compton scattering is reversed scattering, and impact first on the zone, front side 141 that is positioned at the detecting device tower and shield 147.Although the part of scattered x-ray is detected by the first screen 147, the some parts of these rays is not having in the detected situation, and transmission is by the first screen 147, and impact is positioned at the second screen 148(of detecting device tower inside at side 142 places).In one embodiment, the x-ray photon of impact the first screen 147 of about 40% is detected by the first screen, and about 24% residue x-ray photon is detected by the second screen 148.Should be noted in the discussion above that these number percents change according to the energy of X ray and the thickness of scintillator screen.
Photomultiplier 150 produces the electronic signal to the ray response that detects, and the ray of this detection is converted into light at first.The light of launching by the flicker on the screen 147,148 triangle involution spare/tower 110,120 around bounce-back, until caught by photomultiplier 150.
Be directed to processor by two detecting device towers 110,120 electronic signals that produce.The signal that this processor analysis receives, and produce image in display device.The intensity of the every bit on the image that shows is with when the wave beam rasterisation passes through target, and the relative intensity of the scattered x-ray of detection is corresponding.In one embodiment, x-ray source 160 is sent to processor with synchronizing signal.The signal of processor analyzing and testing, and itself and synchronizing signal compared, to determine to show image.In one embodiment, display device is monitor, and is used for showing the image by processor signal.Display device can be any display or the monitor that this area is known altogether, comprises CRT monitor, LCDs monitor or light emitting diode monitor.In one embodiment, the digitized dispersion image that is shown by display device is preferably 480 row * 160 row, and every pixel is 8.
In one embodiment of the invention, and as Fig. 8 in more detail shown in, yet, adopted single axle scanning beam, the object single axle scanning beam of can passing by.The walking movement of object provides the second axle of motion.Therefore, move through any given time of vertically mobile form of a stroke or a combination of strokes X-ray beam 102 at the target 103 that is in inspection or object, the motor by the control chopper wheel is the exact position of wave beam (following described in more detail) as can be known.At each constantly, detector means 106 provides the measurement response of backscattering X ray, and its intensity is presented in the image that obtains.Because pencil beam is known definitely in each position constantly of detecting the backscattering ray by this system, thus image can " sew up " together, to form the complicated image of object.
Therefore, in one embodiment, fixing vertical scanning wave beam consists of an axle of motion, and the set goal is by walking or be transmitted through the second axle that vertical scanning beam provides motion.This structure is favourable, because single axle wave beam requires to be positioned at the very little rectangular aperture on the detecting device panel.In utilizing the current backscattering detection system of twin shaft scanning beam, mechanical component requires the significant through opening between detecting device, leaves to allow scanning beam.Why need significant opening, because for twin shaft scanning beam system, when object is static (chopper wheel of rotation provides an axle of motion, and the vertical movement of the chopper wheel of this rotation provides the second axle of motion), the pencil beam of X ray is throwed in the horizontal direction.Therefore, in order to cover the size of human object, opening must be wider to allow wave beam to cover whole human body.In addition, conventional large scale opening allows the major part of backscattering radiation not to be detected and to escape.
As mentioned above, in one embodiment of the invention, provided the second axle of motion by mobile object.Therefore, wave beam can be orientated for vertical movement, to allow less opening and best detecting device location.Return referring to Fig. 1, and as mentioned above, single axle scanning system of the present invention has merged the little rectangular aperture 172 between detector region 110 and 120, so that X ray is from wherein penetrating.And little opening 172 is so that be positioned at extra and/or larger detecting device panel in the direct specular scattering path and become possibility, thereby improved picture quality.
As mentioned above, only allow X-ray beam with the disconnected bundle mechanism of minimum outlet aperture projection by adopting, so that pencil beam 102 raster type scans (rastered) flatly or vertically on target.In one embodiment, disconnected bundle mechanism is the chopper wheel with three slits, described three slits are mutually positioning to be interval 120 degree, and the collimator slit parallel with two aimed at, so that each chopper slit is when leaving one of parallel collimator slit, another just in time enters relative parallel slits.This has produced two parallel scanning beams, described two in time staggered scannings of parallel scanning beam, and, even in the situation of single shared detector array, circuit and the processing of all using the single source that shines two parallel slits, described two parallel scanning beams can be processed respectively conically.
Fig. 5 A illustrates the top view of exemplary modulation dish 500, and this chopper wheel can be used for using single source to obtain Double-visual angle (using two parallel, interleaved scanning beams).Chopper wheel 500 has each other three slit 501a, 501b and the 501c that places with the angular distances of 120 degree.Also have two parallel collimator slit 502a and 502b.The direction of motion of arrow 503 expression chopper wheels is clockwise in this embodiment.This layout produces two " stagger arrangement " parallel sweep wave beams, and is as discussed previously, and therefore this in time staggered scanning of parallel sweep wave beam can use shared detecting device, circuit and processing element to process respectively this two parallel sweep wave beams.
In one embodiment, use the electromagnetic machine driver dynamically to control the rotation of disk chopper assembly.Fig. 5 B illustrates electromagnetic machine with associating and the exemplary disk chopper assembly of bearing.Referring to Fig. 5 B, disk chopper 501 is connected to radiation source 502, and in one embodiment, this radiation source comprises X-ray tube.Electromagnetic machine 503 and X-ray tube 502 and chopper 501 combinations.Electric machine assembly also comprises three pressurized bearings 504 and is used for the V-groove 505 of belt gear support section.Fig. 5 C illustrates the X-ray tube (source) 501 that is connected to disk chopper 502, has removed electric machine assembly.
In one embodiment, the X-ray examination system also comprises parametric detector, and this parametric detector remedies and monitor each launching beam, and further serves as for the radiological monitor of monitoring in the emitted radiation of inspection area.In one embodiment, this parametric detector is positioned such as in the light path before the disconnected beam device of chopper disk.When beginning to form sweep trace, this parametric detector also can be positioned after the disconnected beam device such as the chopper disk.In this case, acceptably, radiation detector stops first 2 degree (first 2degrees) of wave beam.
Fig. 6 A is illustrated in the exemplary threat detection system, with the x-ray source that is combined with such as Fig. 5 A, 5B and the described chopper wheel of 5C.Described source and chopper wheel are connected to inclination " cam " mechanism, so that in the vertical movement process of X-ray beam, the space between the sweep trace about equally.Referring to Fig. 6 A, module comprises the cam mechanism 602 of the inclination that connects with x-ray source assembly 610, and the cam mechanism of x-ray source assembly and inclination is contained on the framework 620.The cam mechanism 602 that tilts also comprises cam guide 604.In addition, motor also is contained on the framework 620, is used for driving cam mechanism and the belt that can promote described source.In one embodiment, handle is connected to source component 610, is used for source component is matched metal cam guidance framework 604 and removes source component from metal cam guidance framework 604.In different embodiment, all parts of source component all pass through to use nut, screw and the clamp of preliminary dimension to be connected to connect securely.In addition, provide belt elevator 606 with further lifting and the described source of balance.
Fig. 6 B illustrates the stretch-out view of tilting cam mechanism 602, and the driving wheel 640 with cam arm 642 butts also is shown, and makes the source can vertical movement.
In another embodiment, adopt counterweight so that the pressure on source balance and the minimizing lifting motor.In another embodiment, adopt two belt elevators with the described source of balance, this has eliminated counterweight, and obtains lighter source.In another embodiment, can adopt gear reducer (15:1 minimizing) and the motor of high torque more, to eliminate the counterweight of using, be 1/15th of motor weight because present described source looks.Yet in this case, motor must rotate with 15 speeds, to obtain identical radiation pattern.
Return the A referring to Fig. 6, source component 610 comprises x-ray source 612 and by the disc wheel cutting mechanism 614 of making such as the suitable material of metal or plastics, this disc wheel cutting mechanism is used for guiding the X ray 616 that is produced by x-ray source in the direction of expectation.In one embodiment, source component 610 also comprises the high-voltage power supply that makes the source component running.In an embodiment, x-ray source 612 is restrainted the narrow pencil beam that mechanism 614 produces X ray with breaking, and the narrow pencil beam of this X ray is pointed to the target that is in inspection, travels through to produce sweep trace by source rotation or wave beam.In one embodiment, disc wheel cutting mechanism 614 selectively connects with cooling fin, and this cooling fin dissipates by the heat of the chopper wheel generation of rotation.Fig. 6 C illustrates another view of the module shown in Fig. 6 A, and rotation platform 650 also is shown, so that source and corresponding power supply rotation.
Persons skilled in the art should be appreciated that radiation source is usually very heavy.In order to hold the weight of x-ray source, the chopper wheel that as above adopts structure must be quite large, therefore increased the general assembly (TW) of system.Therefore, in another embodiment, safe examination system of the present invention is equipped with the rotary roll chopper, and this rotary roll chopper is designed to present the spiral profile aperture blocking device for the X-ray beam scanner, and be light weight and be easy to dispose.In addition, necessity of source rotation has been eliminated in the use of rotary roll chopper, but wave beam is from-45 degree to+45 degree traversals.
In one embodiment, the rotary roll chopper allows physical characteristics by revising chopper devices or geometric configuration and change speed and beam spot size.In addition, the rotary roll chopper provides the bundle spot of the vertical movement with constant size and speed, allowing equably irradiation object, and produces during operation wider visual field.
Fig. 7 A illustrates the exemplary design for an embodiment of rotary roll chopper, as used in different embodiments of the invention.In one embodiment, chopper 702 is with the form manufacturing of hollow cylinder with spiral chopper slit 704.The cylindrical chopper 702 that makes can rotate around Z axis with threaded hole 704, produces the rotary roll motion.
Therefore, the X-ray beam scanner that adopts rotary roll chopper of the present invention is realized disconnected bundle by the hollow cylinder 702 that whirler is processed with at least two spiral slit 704, this so that X ray with constant and variable linear sweep wave beam speed and sewwp beam spot size scanning.The rotary roll chopper obtains constant and variable linear sweep wave beam speed by handling the geometric configuration of threaded hole.In one embodiment, the gradient by handling threaded hole along the length of rotary roll chopper and the angle of roll come change speed or maintenance speed constant.Therefore, might have constant speed or reduce sweep velocity towards the more high-resolution zone of needs.
The rotary roll chopper also obtains variable and constant beam spot size by the geometric configuration of handling threaded hole, has therefore changed the beam power that obtains.In one embodiment, might handle the developed width in aperture, with the change beam spot size.In one embodiment, the width of threaded hole changes along the cylindrical length of rotary roll chopper, with the variable range at the center of compensate opening footpath distance sources, and allows along sweep trace projection fibers spot equably.Therefore, in one embodiment, the aperture distance sources is far away, and the width of threaded hole is narrower, to produce less beam spot size.In one embodiment, the aperture distance sources is nearer, and threaded hole is wider, to produce larger beam spot size.
When being used for the body scan data system, might change gradient and the angle of roll and the width of threaded hole, need the more body region (hair, pin etc.) of details and resolution so that more beam scanning power points to, power still less points to the body region (upper abdomen etc.) more responsive to radiation.
Spiral slit 704 guarantees that also the projection of X-ray beam is not by the dual collimation restriction of two slits.Discussed in more detail below, dual collimation refers to X-ray beam in time passes through two spiral slit at set point theory.The X-ray beam track 730 that obtains is also shown among Fig. 7 A, describes in more detail below in conjunction with Fig. 7 C.
In an embodiment of the present invention, can the spiral slit by the rotary roll chopper obtain a plurality of field angle of changing in the 90 degree scopes at 60 degree.In one embodiment, scan angle is the function of distance between rotary roll chopper and source and the target.In addition, the general assembly (TW) of rotary roll chopper and diameter affect field angle.The rotary roll chopper from the source more close to, the rotary roll chopper that needs is less, similarly, the rotary roll chopper from the source more away from, the rotary roll chopper that needs is larger.
Fig. 7 B illustrates the disconnected bundle mechanism that uses the described rotary roll chopper of Fig. 7 A.Referring to Fig. 7 B, cylindrical rotary roll chopper 752 is placed on radiation source 754 the place aheads, and in one embodiment, this radiation source comprises X-ray tube.In one embodiment, the rotation of chopper 752 promotes by comprising the suitable motor 758 such as electromagnetic machine.In another embodiment, following described in more detail, adopt magnetic bearing so that the rotary moving of rotary roll chopper of the present invention.Speed or the rotating speed of the rotation of rotary roll chopper are controlled dynamically to optimize sweep velocity.In one embodiment, rotary roll chopper system can obtain the speed up to 80K RPM.
In one embodiment, radiation shield is arranged on the radiation source 754, so that only produce the fan-shaped beam of radiation from the source.The fan-shaped beam emission X ray of radiation, and pass and serve as the initiatively rotary roll chopper of dimmer.Therefore, when rotary roll chopper and threaded hole rotation, only there is the little opening of the flying spot wave beam that provides mobile.
Fig. 7 B also illustrates disk chopper wheel 760, and it is arranged on the source with the rotary roll chopper.Can find out that from Fig. 7 B chopper wheel 760 is larger than rotary roll chopper 752 haply.
According to embodiments of the invention, in a distance from beam center, spiral slit (the rotary roll chopper) maintenance is wider than other position.Fig. 7 C illustrates according to an embodiment, uses the mathematic(al) representation of the wave beam track 770 of single source acquisition.In order to obtain the size of helical cuts on the rotary roll right cylinder, removed a dimension (dimension) of this track.Or rather, slit is 755 narrower at the top, because have longer distance to go to advance at the top wave beam.What note is that when the X ray wave beam was advanced by any opening, wave beam was collimated.It is far away that wave beam is advanced, and " spot " (fan-shaped beam) that obtains is wider in the end of wave beam.755 places narrow down at the top by making slit, have solved this long distance and wave beam and have widened.In addition, nearer apart from object, such as putting 780 places, slit is wider.In addition, persons skilled in the art should be understood that the size by the control slit, can control the density of the wave beam of straight projection.
The denomination of invention of submitting on March 14th, 2010 is all incorporated this paper into by reference for No. the 61/313772nd, U.S. Provisional Patent Application and corresponding children's application thereof of " Walk-Through People Screening System ".
It is directly related with minimum scanning height with the distance of object that system of the present invention is designed to the disconnected mechanism of restrainting.This permission source is longer to the distance of object, thus, has extended the depth of field with respect to the dose rate that arrives object.Therefore, for given imaging depth, compare with other system known in the art, system of the present invention needs less radiation dose.
The exemplary useful application of safe examination system of the present invention is shown in Figure 8.Referring to Fig. 8, the first scan-side 810 and the second scan-side 820 be for generation of the inspection area, the individuality to be scanned inspection area of passing by.This first scan-side 810 comprises two detecting device panel towers 811 and 812.In one embodiment, X ray involution spare 813 also is close to the first scan-side 810.The second scan-side 820 is positioned the one side relative with the first scan-side 810 on walkway, thereby forms inspection area or volume 840.The second scan-side 820 comprises two detecting device panel towers 821 and 822.The second X ray involution spare is close to the second scan-side 820.When target 830 was passed by system, the first scan-side 810 and the second scan-side 820 scanning targets were with acquisition people's front LOOK LEFT and the image of rear LOOK RIGHT.In one embodiment, the first scan-side 810 and the second scan-side 820 are sequentially to scan target time delay minimum between the scanning.Therefore, target 830 need to not to be rotated in order scanning or to stop; When the people passes by inspection area 840, can produce simply complete image.In one embodiment, pass through surveyed area by transmit or move the people who just is being scanned such as mobile passage.The image that obtains is stood the operator and 850 is checked.Be used for imaging owing to comprise the scan-side of source and detector array, so also can be checked individually by the image of each scan-side generation.Therefore, return referring to Fig. 8, operator's screen 860 also presents respectively front elevation and rear view 852 and 854 except full figure picture 856 individually.And, walk in the device such, by making a few individual queuings pass by inspection area and these several individuals of safety check rapidly.In exemplary application, operator's screen 860 also shows from the front image of three people's formation and rear image 852 and 854.
Should be appreciated that, check system can to human body (be included in the clothes or under clothes) with metal and non-metal article (comprising blast and nonmetal weapon) imaging, and do not need to remove clothes, and can process the image of generation, only to show body contour, and highlighted threat or the illegal article that comprise organic or inorganic material, cover simultaneously private physical trait, thereby produce privacy image (privacy image).This check system can be configured to the operator only can use the privacy image.Perhaps, it is default image that this system can be configured to the privacy image, and the original image that produces prior to the processing that only shows body contour and threat or illegal article still can the person of being operated use.
In addition, this system a) comprises that the internal security observation circuit is with at each scan period continuously monitoring system safety and radiation level; B) the ionizing radiation dosage that is not higher than every scanning 5 little rems is provided for anyone that be in inspection; C) in 8 seconds or still less time interscan people's a side; D) should have the length (length dimension is towards the people who is in scanning) that is not higher than 125cm; E) should have the width that is not higher than 100cm; F) should have the height that is not higher than 205cm; G) should have selectable wall covers just by the privacy of the target of safety check with help, and prevent background interference, this can be by making the inorganic article that are arranged in the health side in the more obvious detectability that increases system of image, and when not using wall, allow to come all standing health with 24 scannings that scan rather than think; H) should have optional communication monitor so that between long-range examiner and local operator, communicate by letter, and transmit the image outline of the true health with highlighted therein searching position rather than the image (i.e. " Matchstick Men ") of Matchstick Men or simplification, wherein, image by " calibration " to adapt to people's the health height with respect to the health height change of Matchstick Men; I) should scan 10 inchs of standing, 6 feet high people, measure to people's nose from detecting wall for these 10 inches; J) should communicate by letter with the workstation that disposes away from scanning system; K) should start scanning from remote work station; L) can be configured to the scanning of everyone predetermined quantity, this should finish before being increased to next people, m) should allow to take before being increased to next people extra scanning as the options of can the person of being operated using; N) should be configured to force the operator make individually each scanning by or clear, even even identical people when needing a plurality of scanning; O) should by means of the visible light indication that can remotely be seen by remote operator that is positioned at local system with scanning result (by or failure) be sent to remote operator, that is, red light represents " failure ", green light represent " by "; P) when should be reported in during what operator login into system, and during this How many people by this operator scanning, one day per hour during have how many total numbers of persons to be scanned, and predetermined period (such as hour, day or month) quantity of interscan and the people's of scanning quantity; Q) should have the option of training simulators, these training simulators have the image library of at least 100 training images.Therefore, United States Patent (USP) 7110493 is incorporated this paper by reference into.
The image processing software of detection system of the present invention uses suitable algorithm with reconstructed image, such as will independent front image and rear image combining producing complete image, and be used for graphical analysis to determine threat.In one embodiment, partitioning algorithm is used for difference threat article.Fig. 9 a to 9c illustrates the example that uses partitioning algorithm.Referring to Fig. 9 a, image 901 shows that health does not carry people's (harmless target) of threat.In Fig. 9 b, image 902 shows the people who carries knapsack 903.In order to determine whether knapsack threatens, the software application partitioning algorithm to be splitting knapsack 903 from image 902, and produces independent image 904, shown in Fig. 9 c.The item sizes of the article of then, cutting apart and pixel intensity are used for identification and threaten.
Partitioning algorithm also is used for distinguishing the dark article under the white background.This feature helps to identify exactly the threat that comprises absorbing material, such as steel edge and rifle and Stupalox.Figure 10 a and 10b illustrate the example of this feature of using partitioning algorithm.Referring to Figure 10 a, just detected three possible threat article 1001,1002 and 1003 by the individuality 1004 of safety check.In Figure 10 b, just detected two threat article 1005,1006 by the individuality 1007 of safety check.In Figure 10 a and 10b, the identical algorithms with identical parameters setting is used for imaging.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that from these images the image analysis algorithm that detection system of the present invention is used is very insensitive to background level.This is because background calculates from original image itself, and any possible threat all is highlighted.Persons skilled in the art should be understood that shown in Figure 10 a and 10b individual health only occupies the regional area of image.The balance of image is considered to background X ray scattered signal.With average or the same simple computing method of part filter (averaging at regional area) provide the accurate measured value of level of background signal.
In addition, image analysis algorithm of the present invention also helps quick security check, because its generation image usually need to be less than 1 second time.
The denomination of invention that all transfers assignee of the present invention is all incorporated this paper for the U.S. Patent application 12/887510 of " Security System for Screening People " here into by reference with the U.S. Patent application 7826589 with identical denomination of invention.
The denomination of invention that all transfers assignee of the present invention is all incorporated this paper for the U.S. Patent application 12/849987 of " Personnel Screening System with Enhanced Privacy " here into by reference with the U.S. Patent application 7796733 with identical denomination of invention.
As discussed previously, in conjunction with Fig. 1, design of the present invention allows more that the multi-detector panel is present on the direct backscattering path, thereby helps picture quality.In another embodiment, further increase picture quality by the method for using the zone that increases field of detection and the detector number that can adopt.This novel method is described in conjunction with Figure 11 and 12.Figure 11 illustrates and shows that use single source 1101 carries out the side view of vertical scanning.In this structure, can use the height 1102 of the target 1103 of single source 1101 scanning to be subject to the range of exposures in visual angle width 1104 or source.
In order to overcome this limitation, in one embodiment, the present invention adopts the structure of novelty shown in Figure 12, and Figure 12 illustrates the top view of exemplary scan device.Referring to Figure 12, single axle scan source assembly 1201 is pivoted to 1202b from a 1202a, and the center 1203 of rotation is positioned on the front panel of system.As can be seen from Figure 12, when source 1201 fixedly the time, 1204a is the visual angle width for target 1206, yet when the source pivoted, 1204b was available visual angle width.Therefore, be used for the visual angle width in given source in expansion when the source pivots.In this case, the detecting device 1205 of larger quantity can add system to, thereby the surveyed area of increase is provided.In addition, fixing rectangular aperture is arranged on front panel, also serves as at least one axle and keeps the very little aperture of focus.And, by optional pivot source shown in Figure 12, can adopt identical system when people motion (source does not pivot) or when people static (source pivot), to scan target.Use static object, nominally picture quality is better than the picture quality when object motion, because the friction speed at the position (such as leg and arm) of mobile target can cause distortion.Therefore, under certain operational circumstances, if find irregular article (when object motion time) in the first scanning, so identical system can scan (object is static) in more detail.The scanning requirement is depended in the selection of system, and is the balance between threat detection and the high-throughput.
As mentioned above, in one embodiment, detection system of the present invention is implemented as walking detection system.The novel designs of this system be so that can utilize low-level radiation dose to detect weapon and hazardous material, and no matter whether they comprise metal, high Z or high Z materials.Radiation dose is in the scope less than 20 little rems, preferably less than 10 little rems, and more preferably less than 5 little rems, and even more preferably less than 1 little rem.This enters outlet structure compares with conventional system, can hold the crowd of high-throughput, because just by everyone of the safety check entrance of only passing by.And, just do not needed to stop and rotate his or her health like that according to what the scanner system operator instructed by the people of safety check.In addition, use that this object passes by enter outlet structure the time, according to its relatively limited zone, easier with comprise metal detector, medicine and blast sniffer and video camera other walk device and be combined.
Except adopting system of the present invention to be used for safety check airport and railway station, the passenger such as the crowded place, open air of stadium and shopping mall, the application of system of the present invention may also extend into and checks such as the vehicles at the intermediate transit point places such as harbour, border passage and customs inspection post and the contents of container.In one embodiment, detection system is implemented as ' crossing ' system, and motorlorry to be scanned can cross this system, thereby the second axle of motion is provided.Detection system of the present invention also is used for goals of medicine.
In the short situation of distance between object and the source, need to be used for the high scan angles of feature scanning.Requirement conflict chopper wheel size and spatial resolution to high scan angles.For the balance between the requirement that obtains to conflict, in one embodiment, system of the present invention adopts the two-wheel method of using the scan aperture (flying aperture) that is used for the scope selection.This top-down view by the scanning system among Figure 13 illustrates.Referring to Figure 13, illustrated embodiment is used two chopper wheels 1301 and 1302.Described chopper wheel 1301 and 1302 has respectively the slit 1303 and 1304 of the constant aperture of the radiation beam of being provided for.Scan aperture 1305 also is close to source 1306, is used for only selecting before target enters scanning area visual angle or the scope of scanning.In one embodiment, by using sensor and/or the video camera scope of helping to select.Scope of the present invention selects feature to allow several optics geometric configuratioies to be used for different object range.
In one embodiment, each chopper wheel that is used in the two-wheel device recited above all has external slit and the outside slit with different slit sizes, scan angle and filter loss (filtration).Figure 14 illustrates the exemplary modulation dish 1400 that can be used for the two-wheel system.Referring to Figure 14, wheel 1400 has external slit 1401 and outside slit 1402, and external slit and outside slit can be used for obtaining to have the constant aperture at two visual angles and two different scanning angles.
Figure 15 illustrates another top-down view of vertical scan system, and scan aperture 1501 is close to source 1501.This system has the near-sighted angle chopper 1503 with slit 1505 and the long sight angle chopper 1504 with slit 1506.The outside slit of myopia angle chopper 1503 is used for nearest visual angle, maximum scan angle, the highest filter loss, and its external slit is used for having the near middle visual angle of interscan angle and filter loss.The outside slit of long sight angle chopper 1504 be used for far away in the middle of visual angle, little scan angle, low filtration loss, its external slit is used for the Far Range that has minimum scan angle and do not have filter loss.Use two chopper wheels that are used for scan angle and scope selection that the chance of adjusting dosage level based on object distance also is provided.
In another embodiment, this system walks system and implements as four visual angles, double source both sides are backscattered, and also according to the principle work of adopting single axle scanning beam, object/target travel is passed wave beam the second axle is provided for it.Figure 16 illustrates the exemplary arrangement for Double-visual angle four scope systems.Referring to Figure 16, two sources 1601 and 1602 have been used.In similarly arranging with top layouts in conjunction with Figure 13 and 15 discussion, two choppers use to be used for near-sighted angle and long sight angle with each source.Yet, in the layout of Figure 16, between two sources, share nearly chopper 1603.Two choppers 1604 far away and 1605 are respectively applied to source 1601 and 1602.In one embodiment, all chopper wheels 1603,1604 and 1605 all have three slits.In addition, chopper wheel 1604 and 1605 geometric configuration and mobile aspect synchronous." vertical scanning aperture " or VSA 1606 are arranged in the scanning system, and are connected between the detecting device panel, thereby are provided at the better spatial resolution on the axle.In one embodiment, VSA 1606 comprises a plurality of slits, and helps to remain on the high resolving power on the X-axis.
In this embodiment, single VSA 1606 is used for being derived from respectively the wave beam 1607 and 1608 of two sources 1601 and 1602.Double source recited above is arranged so that near-sighted angle or scope to be provided than wide-angle.This keeps the more center of proximity detector of object at a distance, and therefore is provided for the better imaging at four scope visual angles.
In one embodiment, the concept of detection system utilization of the present invention ' vector imaging ' is to obtain extra information in the image.In current formation method, come the whole electricity of signal of self-detector to add up mutually.Yet in vector formation method of the present invention, the signal that produces on a plurality of detecting device panels is independently.This allows to obtain other concealed extra ' vector ' information.This concept is shown in Figure 17 a to 17c.
Referring to Figure 17 a to 17c, a series of images illustrates two detecting devices to the response of the radiation beam that travels through at article.
Usually, when X-ray beam during near the profile of material or edge, the scattering meeting is stopped that in the direction of thicker article weak signal can occur on the detecting device relative with the edge.When spot when thicker material travels through, more scattering is left via nearest edge towards the thinnest side, corresponding detecting device receives more signal.This is that dark areas is followed by bright area in image for the method for determining profile in current imaging system.Yet having independent signal can provide extra information when spot moves through the edge.
Referring now to Figure 17 a,, initial, as spot 1703a during near the edge of object 1704a, the signal 1705 that receives D1 1701a on begins minimizing.Simultaneously, the signal 1706 that receives on the D2 1702a keeps normal.Referring to Figure 17 b, when spot 1703b moves the edge of crossing object 1704b, the signal 1705 corresponding with detecting device D1 1701b begins increase and returns ' normally ', signal 1706 increases that are used for simultaneously D2 1702b are higher than normal, until spot 1703b has moved through the edge certain distance of object 1704b, then signal 1706 returns normally.At the transition period shown in Figure 17 c, come the signal 2006 of self-detector D2 1702c to increase, the signal 1705 from D1 1701c is still returning from the reduction state simultaneously.
At this moment, if use composite signal (D1+D2), so information dropout can occur, can understand from the curve 1707 that represents composite signal.This be because when the signal that is used for D1 1705 and D2 1706 when an A1711 is equal with 1712 places, composite signal D1+D2 1707 also follows identical path.Yet, touch nearly null value by the difference signal (D1-D2) of curve 1708 expressions at an A1711 place, just touching at a B1712 place (or+vector) value.Similarly, the difference signal for the opposite edges profile can produce the negative vector value.From profile and the edge of this extra Information Availability in strengthening the image that shows that difference signal curve 1708 obtains.
Above example only is many illustrative application of the present invention.Although only described several embodiments of the present invention here, should be understood that in the situation that does not break away from the spirit or scope of the present invention, the present invention can be presented as many other specific forms.Therefore, current example and embodiment should think illustrative, rather than restrictive.
Claims (30)
1. check system for detection of the article that carried by the people, wherein, described people is along the planar movement that is limited by Z axis and Y-axis, and described check system comprises:
The first detection system, be configured to when described people is moving along the y-axis shift on described plane, the radiation that detection scatters out from described people, described the first detection system comprises the first flat surfaces with described plane relative positioning, and is configured to produce the electronic signal of the radiation that detects being made response;
The second detection system, be configured to when described people is moving along the y-axis shift on described plane, the radiation that detection scatters out from described people, described the second detection system comprises the second flat surfaces with described plane relative positioning, and is configured to produce the electronic signal of the radiation that detects being made response;
X-ray source is positioned between described the first detection system and described the second detection system, and described x-ray source is configured to produce the bundle spot pattern along the Z axis on described plane, and described x-ray source does not produce along the moving wave beam of the y-axis shift on described plane; And
Disposal system is used for analyzing the electronic signal that is produced by described the first detection system and described the second detection system, and is used for producing image at display.
2. check system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described x-ray source is combined with chopper, and described chopper turns round to produce the scanning pencil beam along the X ray of described Z axis.
3. check system as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described chopper does not produce the scanning pencil beam along the X ray of described Y-axis.
4. check system as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described chopper comprises the chopper wheel with three slits, each slit is all orientated interval 120 degree as with contiguous slit.
5. check system as claimed in claim 4, wherein, the described slit collimator slit parallel with at least two aimed at, wherein, shine conically described collimator slit from the X ray of described x-ray source emission, to produce in time interleaved at least two parallel scanning beams.
6. check system as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described chopper comprises the hollow cylinder with at least one threaded hole.
7. check system as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described scanning pencil beam has linear sweep speed, described linear sweep speed is changed or remains unchanged by at least one gradient and the angle of roll of revising in the described threaded hole.
8. check system as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described scanning pencil beam has spot size, described spot size is changed or remains unchanged by revising at least one aperture width in the described threaded hole.
9. check system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described the first detection system is contained in the first involution spare, described the first involution spare has the first width that extends to the opposite end of described the first involution spare from an end of described the first involution spare, and described flat surfaces extends along whole the first width.
10. check system as claimed in claim 9, wherein, described the second detection system is contained in the second involution spare, described the second involution spare has the first width that extends to the opposite end of described the second involution spare from an end of described the second involution spare, and described flat surfaces extends along whole the first width.
11. check system as claimed in claim 10, wherein, described the first involution spare physically separates with described the second involution spare, and is independent of described the second involution spare.
12. check system as claimed in claim 10, wherein, described x-ray source is contained in the 3rd involution spare, and described the 3rd involution spare physically separates with described the first involution spare and described the second involution spare, and is independent of described the first involution spare and described the second involution spare.
13. check system as claimed in claim 12, wherein, described the first involution spare, described the second involution spare and described the 3rd involution spare are all less than 88 pound weights.
14. check system as claimed in claim 12, wherein, described the 3rd involution spare is detachably connected to described the first involution spare and described the second involution spare.
15. check system as claimed in claim 12, wherein, described the first involution spare, described the second involution spare and described the 3rd involution spare all are detachably connected to framework.
16. check system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described chopper comprises the disk chopper that is configured to by the motor rotation.
17. check system as claimed in claim 16, wherein, the speed of described chopper wheel is dynamically controlled by controller, to optimize the sweep velocity of X-ray beam.
18. check system as claimed in claim 10, wherein, described the first involution spare comprises:
The first side is limited by the flat surfaces of the outer surface with inner surface and human oriented, and described the first side is configured to receive the radiation that scatters out from the people;
The second side acutangulates relation with described the first side, and described the second side is limited by the flat surfaces with the surface, inside that is suitable for receiving the radiation of passing described the first side, and described the second side is configured to only receive this radiation after described the first side is passed in radiation;
The first matrix is positioned the inside surface of described the first side, and described the first matrix also comprises be used to receiving described radiation and described radiation being changed into the activating area of light;
The second matrix is positioned the inside surface of described the second side, and described the second matrix also comprises be used to receiving described radiation and described radiation being changed into the activating area of light; And
At least one photodetector has photoresponse zone and non-photoresponse zone, and wherein, described photoresponse zone is positioned, the light that emits from described the first matrix and described the second matrix with reception.
19. check system as claimed in claim 18, wherein, described radiation comprises x-ray photon, and described the first matrix detects the 30%-60% of the x-ray photon that impacts described the first side.
20. check system as claimed in claim 19, wherein, described the second matrix detects the 10%-30% of the x-ray photon that impacts described the first side.
21. check system as claimed in claim 1 also comprises be used to the travelling belt that makes the people that stands or be seated along described planar movement.
22. check system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the image of generation comprises 480 row, 160 row, and every pixel is 8.
23. check system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described x-ray source produces along the bundle spot pattern of the Z axis on described plane by being pivoted to second point from first, and described pivot is around predetermined point of rotation centering.
24. check system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described x-ray source and chopper are connected to the surface that is configured to vertically tilt with respect to induction element and motor is made response.
25. check system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described x-ray source connects with vertical elevating mechanism, described elevating mechanism be configured to that the counterweight of described x-ray source balance is connected.
26. check system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described x-ray source connects with vertical elevating mechanism, and described elevating mechanism connects with at least one lifting belt.
27. check system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described x-ray source connects with vertical elevating mechanism, and described elevating mechanism connects and do not connect with counterweight with gear reducer and motor.
28. method of using check system to come the threat article of detection of concealed on human body, described check system comprises at least one radiation source and detector means, described at least one radiation source is for the production of the scanning pencil beam of X ray, wherein, described scanning pencil beam has the path, described detector means comprises the first detecting device involution spare with first surface and the second detecting device involution spare with second surface at least, said method comprising the steps of:
A. make the people with the light path of scanning pencil beam vertical, move through described at least one radiation source with the described first surface plane parallel with described second surface;
B. produce the X-ray beam that is arranged in radiation source involution spare, wherein, described radiation source comprises the x-ray source of being combined with chopper, and described scanning pencil beam does not produce horizontal beam spot pattern by at least one slit collimation that is arranged in described radiation source involution spare to produce perpendicular fasciculus spot pattern;
C. at least one of described the first detecting device involution spare or described the second involution spare, detect the radiation by people's scattering; And
D. process the radiation detect to produce two dimensional image, described two dimensional image shows any hiding explosive material that is carried by the people.
29. method as claimed in claim 28, wherein, described chopper comprise have hollow cylinder, carbon fiber right cylinder and the cylindrical chopper assembly of epoxy tygon, described hollow cylinder has the spiral slit of extending along described cylindrical length, described carbon fiber right cylinder covers described hollow cylinder, and described epoxy tygon right cylinder covers described carbon fiber right cylinder.
30. method as claimed in claim 29, wherein, described chopper assembly is rotated by the magnetic bearing assembly, described magnetic bearing assembly comprises magnet rotor and magnetic bearing stator, and described magnetic bearing assembly is provided for the magnetic levitation of described chopper assembly at least during the energising of described chopper and power-down state.
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| PCT/US2011/028403 WO2011115930A2 (en) | 2010-03-14 | 2011-03-14 | Personnel screening system |
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| CN111630519B (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2024-05-24 | 株式会社石田 | Inspection apparatus |
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