CN102892572B - 加强板之间的复合梁弦杆及相关的制造方法 - Google Patents

加强板之间的复合梁弦杆及相关的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN102892572B
CN102892572B CN201180023637.7A CN201180023637A CN102892572B CN 102892572 B CN102892572 B CN 102892572B CN 201180023637 A CN201180023637 A CN 201180023637A CN 102892572 B CN102892572 B CN 102892572B
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degree
composite beam
beam chord
orientation
plate
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CN102892572A (zh
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M·U·金斯马顿
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Boeing Co
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Boeing Co
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    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/545—Perforating, cutting or machining during or after moulding
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Abstract

本发明公开一种复合梁弦杆（7）。该复合梁弦杆（7）在第一和第二加强板（8、9）之间。该梁弦杆（7）包括相对于该梁弦杆（7）的纵轴线具有+α度纤维取向的第一加强纤维层和相对于该纵轴线具有-α度纤维取向的第二加强纤维层。其中α介于2至12度之间，用于抑制或延迟层的分离。

Description

加强板之间的复合梁弦杆及相关的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及包括加强纤维的复合材料。
背景技术
由诸如碳纤维加强塑料（CFRP）的复合材料制造的物品可以包括呈不同纤维取向的加强纤维构成的多个层。在一些层中的加强纤维相对于负载轴线可以以零度取向。这种零度取向提供拉伸和压缩强度。在其他层中的加强纤维为了剪切和支承强度可以以其他角度（+45°，-45°，90°）取向。
碳纤维加强塑料可以用来代替金属，特别是在希望重量较轻并且机械强度较高的应用中。例如，对于民用和军用飞机碳纤维加强塑料是希望的。
发明内容
根据本文的实施例，一种物品包括在第一和第二加强板之间的复合梁弦杆。该梁弦杆包括相对于该梁弦杆的纵轴线具有+α度纤维取向的第一加强纤维层和相对于该纵轴线具有-α度纤维取向的第二加强纤维的层。角度α=2至12度用来抑制或延迟层分离（splitting）。
根据本文的另一个实施例，一种物品包括第一和第二金属加强板、该第一和第二板之间的复合梁弦杆、和延伸通过该梁弦杆用于将该第一和第二板固定于该梁弦杆的多个紧固件。该梁弦杆包括相对于该梁弦杆的纵轴线具有+α度纤维取向的加强纤维的第一层和相对于该纵轴线具有-α度纤维取向的加强纤维的第二层。角度α=2至12度用来抑制或延迟层分离。该紧固件垂直于该层。
根据本文的实施例，一种制造物品的方法包括制造复合梁弦杆，包括将加强纤维层放置在工具上，其中至少一些层中的纤维相对于该物品的单一轴向载荷支承方向具有±α的取向，其中α=2至12度。该方法还包括在该复合梁弦杆中形成通孔；并且利用该通孔将加强板固定于该梁弦杆的相对两侧。
已经讨论的特征、功能和优点能够在本发明的各种实施例中单独实现，或者也可以在另外的实施例中结合，参考在下面的描述和附图能够看到其他的细节。
附图说明
图1a是包括加强板之间的复合梁弦杆的物品的例子。
图1b是具有以±α度取向的纤维的梁弦杆的多个层的例子。
图2a是相对于梁弦杆的纵轴线以0度取向的纤维的例子。
图2b是相对于具有钻在中间的孔的梁弦杆的纵向以±α度取向的纤维的例子。
图3是具有以±α度和±β度取向的纤维的梁弦杆的多个层的例子。
图4是用螺栓固定在一起的梁组件的局部露出的等轴测图。
图5是用z形销加强的梁组件的局部露出的等轴测图。
图6是梁弦杆拼接（splice）的侧视图。
图7是图6的梁弦杆拼接的俯视图。
图8是结构或系统接头的局部立面图。
图9是图8的结构或系统接头的局部俯视图。
图10是包括夹在加强板之间的一个或多个复合梁弦杆的飞机的例子。
图11是制造复合梁弦杆的方法的例子。
图12是装配包括复合梁弦杆和加强板的物品的方法的例子。
具体实施方式
参考图1a，图1a示出包括在第一和第二加强板8和9之间的复合梁弦杆7的物品6。该物品6可以主要是沿着轴线L单一轴向地加载的。物品6在使用期间也可以具有一些扭转和横向负载。
该梁弦杆7不限于任何特定的几何形状。在一些实施例中，梁弦杆7可以具有诸如矩形的、正方形的或工字梁形的实心的截面形状。在另一些实施例中，梁弦杆7可以具有诸如圆管形的或方管形的空心截面形状。在一些实施例中，梁弦杆7可以是直的。在另一些实施例中梁弦杆7可以是弯曲的或渐细的。
梁弦杆7包括嵌入基质中的多个加强纤维层。第一加强纤维层相对于该梁弦杆7的纵轴线L具有+α度的纤维取向，而第二加强纤维层相对于该纵轴线L具有-α度的纤维取向，其中α在2至12度之间。以±α度取向的加强纤维沿着轴线L提供拉伸和压缩强度。梁弦杆7具有附加的层。梁弦杆7的一些实施例可以具有少至三个层，而另一些实施例可以具有数百或数千层。在一些实施例中，该附加的层也提供沿着轴线L的拉伸和压缩强度。在另一些实施例中，一些附加的层可以沿着其他方向取向以提供剪切、横向和支承强度。
该加强板8和9具有若干重要的功能。加强板8和9为梁弦杆7提供保护免受碰撞损坏。加强板8和9还改善载荷传递性能。加强板8和9通过防止碰撞损坏还增加复合层的压缩强度。
将加强板8和9夹紧于梁弦杆7抑制梁弦杆7的脱层（例如，层的面的自由边缘或法向碰撞的碰撞脱层）。这进而又防止可压缩的子分层翘曲/褶皱。
当用于飞机龙骨梁时，加强板8和9具有附加的好处。在下面讨论的这些附加的好处包括用作电气部件的接地面并且提供电流返回路径和雷击能量路径。
加强板8和9可以用任何合适的材料制造。在一些实施例中，加强板8和9可以用诸如铝或钛的金属制造。在另外的实施例中，加强板8和9可以是碳-石墨板。加强板8和9可以覆盖梁弦杆7的整个表面或仅仅覆盖梁弦杆7的一部分。
加强纤维和基质不限于任何特定的成分。例如，纤维包括，但不限于，碳、玻璃纤维、凯夫拉（Kevlar）、硼或钛。基质的例子包括，但不限于，塑料和金属。作为第一个例子，碳纤维被嵌入塑料基质中。作为第二个例子，碳纤维嵌入钛基质中。在一些实施例中，碳纤维可以是中等分子量碳纤维（例如，40MSI的分子量）。
图1b是复合梁弦杆7的层7a-7d的设置的例子。该层设置包括相对于纵轴线L以+α度的角度取向的加强纤维的第一层7a，相对于纵轴线L以-α度的角度取向的加强纤维的第二层7b、以+α度的角度取向的加强纤维的第三层7c、以-α度的角度取向的加强纤维的第四层7d。更一般地说，奇数的层具有以+α度的角度取向的加强纤维，而偶数层具有以-α度的角度取向的加强纤维。虽然图1b示出具有四个纤维层的梁弦杆，但是梁弦杆7不限于此。
在一些实施例中，每个层具有沿着相同方向取向的纤维。在另一些实施例中，一个或多个层可以具有以+α度和-α度两者取向的纤维。在一些实施例中，不同的层具有不同的α值。
不同的设置可以一起分组。例如，梁弦杆7包括多个纤维组。每组中的层对应于以不同取向的纤维设置。这些组可以任何希望的组合应用并且可以重复到任何希望的程度。
为了将加强板8和9固紧于梁弦杆7，可以在梁弦杆7中形成孔，并且插入的紧固件通过该孔。这些孔可以垂直于层并且延伸通过该层。
该物品6是沿着纵轴线L单一轴向加载的（例如，该梁以受压方式设置）。以±α度取向的纤维抑制或延迟否则会由孔引起的层的分离。相对于具有以零度取向的大多数纤维的叠层，层的分离将被抑制或延迟10到100倍。用±α层代替所有的零度层增加分离阻力1至3个数量级，使得这种叠层更加实用。
现在参考图2a和2b，图2a和2b分别示出以0度和±α度取向的纤维的基质分离。图2a示出具有嵌入基质220中的六个纤维212-217的单个层210。纤维212-217相对于纵轴线L以0度取向。纤维214和215通过钻孔230被切割。当拉伸载荷沿着轴向L施加时，未切割的纤维212-213和216-217承受该载荷和拉伸。被切割的纤维214和215不承受载荷，不拉伸，并且从基质220剪切掉。因此，进而使被切割的纤维214和未切割的纤维213之间的树脂变弱。微小的裂纹240（由虚线表示）在被切割的纤维214和未切割的纤维213之间形成在基质220中。这个裂纹240可以沿着层210的整个长度扩张。无论物品具有一个层、五个层、十个层或更多层，都能够发生裂纹240。裂纹240使物品的强度严重下降。
图2b示出相对于轴线L以-α度取向的纤维252a-256a和相对于轴线L以+α度取向的纤维252b-256b的层250。该层250可以包括具有纤维252a-256a和252b-256b的单个层或两个单一方向的层（一个单一方向的层具有纤维252a-256a，而另一个单一方向的层具有纤维252b-256b）。如果纤维254a、256a、254b和256b通过孔270被切割，则小裂纹280将形成在层250中，但是裂纹280不以不受控制的方式增长。而是裂纹的增长将减慢并迅速停止，因而保持物品的强度。而且，由于纤维以±α度取向，需要一直（ever）增加的载荷才能扩张裂纹280（成角度的纤维已经被示出为将能量停止在裂纹末端）。因此抑制或延迟层的分离。
2至8度的角度α提供强度和分离抑制的良好结合。对于小于2度的角度，层的分离迅速增加，对于超过8度的α角，轴向强度迅速下降。但是，对于一些应用，高至12度的角度将提供合格的强度。
在一些实施例中，在3-5度范围内的角度提供强度和分离抑制/延迟更好的结合，并且还提供在小于α=2度和大于α=8度时（如果在制造期间纤维控制不足，一些纤维可能以小于2度或大于8度的角度取向）能够发生的针对强度减小的误差幅度。业已发现3度的α角度提供更好的结合，因为它提供1-2%额外的压缩强度。
但是，α的最佳值通常是若干因素的函数。这些因素包括但不限于纤维、基质、纤维和基质之间的界面的结合强度、纤维密度、纤维长度等。这些因素还包括控制纤维取向的能力。
物品6的一些实施例可以只具有以±α取向的加强纤维。即，物品6中的所有纤维由以±α度取向的加强纤维构成。在这些实施例中，加强板8和9提供剪切、横向和支承至少其中之一的强度和刚度。
在物品6的一些实施例中，以±α度取向的加强纤维的数目至少为该复合梁弦杆中的加强纤维总数的60%。这些实施例也可以具有以不同于±α度的角度取向的加强纤维，以增加剪切、横向和支承模式至少其中之一的强度或刚度。作为第一个例子，在现有的结构中，通常增加以常规的45度和90度取向的附加的加强纤维。
第二个例子示于图3中。图3所示的层设置包括具有以+α和-α度取向的纤维的第一和第二层7a和7b。该层设置还包括具有以±β取向的纤维的第三和第四层7c和7d，其中β在15和85度之间（例如，±40、±50、±60、±70、±80）。在一些实施例中β的范围更窄，在50和75度之间。以±β度取向的纤维增加剪切、横向和支承强度。例如，能够添加以±β度取向的纤维以增加利用紧固件以形成紧固接头或修理接头的区域的剪切强度。由于实现相同的横向强度和支承需要减少的±β层（即，与以90度和±45取向的纤维有关的），结果得到的物品是更加有用的、可修整的、有效的和较轻的。
选择的纤维取向使得六个特性的任何特性能够被调节：剪切强度、剪切刚度、横向强度、横向刚度、支承强度和支承刚度。如果需要较大的剪切强度，则选择达到40或50度的β。如果希望较大的横向强度，则将选择接近85度的β。如果希望较大的支承强度，则选择达到65-70度的β。
以±α和±β取向的总的纤维中，只需要以±β取向的总纤维的20-30%以达到与传统的0/+45/-45/90度硬叠层相同的支承强度。但是，与零度层的百分数在40和100%之间的传统硬叠层不同，如果物品中和的纤维被切割并加载，层的分离将被抑制或延迟。
在一些实施例中，以±β度取向的纤维的层可以与以±α取向的纤维的层间布。考虑间布的单向层的例子。这些层可以具有下面的顺序：+α/-α/+β/+α/-α/-β/+α/-α……
图1的物品6可以机加工。作为第一个例子，在物品6中钻孔。该孔6切割通过多个纤维。作为第二个例子，物品的端部被锯割。该锯割露出多个纤维的端部。
正如上面所提到的，紧固件延伸通过这些孔并且将加强板8和9固定于梁弦杆7。紧固件的例子包括但不限于螺栓、夹子、z形销和倒钩。诸如螺栓的紧固件整个延伸通过梁弦杆7。诸如夹子、z形销和倒钩的紧固件可以部分地延伸进入梁弦杆7。诸如夹子、z形销和倒钩的紧固件可以与加强板8和9是一体的。
紧固件的另一个例子是缝合。缝线可以穿过在干复合层和加强板的叠层中的孔。
图4示出包括第一和第二加强部件12和14的梁组件10，该第一和第二加强部件螺栓连接于中心结构部件16的相对两侧。该第一和第二加强部件12和14以及中心结构部件16沿着X方向延伸到相当的长度。
该中心结构部件16包括一摞扁平的、细长的梁弦杆。中心结构部件16具有预定的长度d和厚度t1，尺寸合适地做成抵抗预计的弯矩M，具有大致沿着z轴方向指向的取向的轴线。该摞中的每个梁弦杆包括聚合物基质中的多个加强纤维层。至少一些层中的纤维相对于x轴线具有±α度的取向。该加强纤维可以包括，例如，玻璃纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、硼纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳化硅纤维。但是，在一个具体的实施例中，加强的聚合物为基的材料包括嵌入高性能环氧树脂化合物中的多个碳纤维，以赋予该结构部件10高结构刚度。在另一些实施例中，中心结构部件16的不连续的层可以缝合在一起。可选地，可以用夹子将不连续的层连接在一起。
梁组件10具有延伸通过加强部件12和14以及中心结构部件16的多个孔18。该多个孔18和20尺寸合适地做成容纳多个螺栓22。预定的力矩可以赋予该螺栓22并且相应的螺母部件24以沿着z方向合作地赋予中心结构部件16预定的压力。加强部件12和14分散压力。在一些实施例中，螺栓22可以固紧到最大螺栓张力的40-60%。
图5示出包括第一和第二加强部件32和34和多个Z形销部件36的梁组件，该Z形销从该第一和第二加强部件32和34的相应的接触表面35向外延伸。在一个具体的实施例中，正如Boyce等人的名称为“CompositeStructureReinforcement（复合结构加强件）”美国专利4,808,461号所公开的，当部件34被压进该中心结构部件16中时，通过用超声能量激励该Z形销部件36将该Z形销部件36嵌入该中心结构部件16中。除了Z形销36之外，伸出通过部件16、32和34的其他紧固件（图5中未示出）可以用来在梁组件30的选择部分提供附加的加强和/或允许梁组件30连接于其他外部结构。
梁组件可以用单个梁弦杆或多个梁弦杆形成。用多个梁弦杆形成的梁组件示于图6和图7中。
现在参考图6和7，图6和7示出包括拼接在一起的第一中心结构弦杆16a和第二中心结构弦杆16b的梁组件50。每个弦杆16a和16b包括相对于该部分的纵轴线以±α度取向的加强纤维的层。第一中心结构弦杆16a夹紧在该第一和第二加强板12a和14a之间。第二中心结构弦杆16b夹紧在该第一和第二加强板12b和12b上。第一拼接板52设置在第一加强板12a和12b之间。第一拼接板52上的孔53与中心结构弦杆16a和16b中的通孔以及加强板12a和12b中的孔对齐。第二拼接板54相应地设置在第二加强板14a和14b上。第二拼接板54上的孔53与中心结构弦杆16a和16b中的通孔以及加强板12a和12b中的孔对齐。螺栓22可以插入通过该第一拼接板52和第二拼接板54，并且由螺母部件24固定，因此弦杆16a和16b被拼接在一起。渐细块51可以设置在该拼接的部分16a和16b之间的界面处，以便提供该界面的整体性。该渐细块51以及拼接板52和54可以用金属或碳-石墨制造。
现在参考图8和9，图8和9示出用于将梁组件40连接于其他结构的结构或系统接头，包括连接板42、44和46。通过在梁弦杆16中形成接纳的横向切口部分，横向连接板42设置在梁弦杆16和第一或第二加强板12或14之间。该横向连接板42用伸出通过梁弦杆16和第二加强部件14的紧固件22固定于该梁弦杆16。可选地，横向连接板42可以固定于第一或第二加强板12或14的外表面，因此不需要梁弦杆16中的接纳的切口部分。
纵向连接板44设置在从梁组件40的端部向内延伸的纵向切口部分内。该纵向连接板44用通过该梁弦杆16的紧固件22同样地连接于该复合梁。
连接板46是成角度的连接板46，其通过在梁弦杆16中形成接纳的横向切口部分设置在梁弦杆16和第一或第二加强板12或14之间。该成角度的连接板46可以用延伸通过该梁40的紧固件22连接于该梁40。可选地，成角度的连接板46可以连接于第一或第二加强板12或14的外表面，因此不需要梁弦杆16中的接纳的切口部分。
连接板42、44和46也可以分别包括孔43、45和47。这些孔43、45和47可以用于将梁组件连接于其他的外部结构部分。
本文中的物品不限于任何具体的应用。应用的例子包括但不限于航空航天运载器中的各种结构、风力发电机和风力涡轮机的叶片、用于汽车和其他机器的变速箱轴以及传动和动力轴。在航空航天运载器中，本文中的梁可以用于龙骨梁、着陆支柱、机翼桁梁以及燃油导管。航空航天运载器的例子示于图10中。
现在参考图10，图10示出飞机300。飞机300通常包括机身306、机翼组件304和尾翼308。一个或多推进单元302连接于机翼组件304或机身306或飞机300的其他部分。着陆组件310连接于机身306。
机身306包括其为纵向取向的结构部分件的一个或多个龙骨梁（例如，前龙骨梁和后龙骨梁），该纵向取向的结构部件赋予机身挠性的刚性，特别是在着陆机构设置的部位和飞机的机翼组件连接于机身的部位。该龙骨梁通常设置在312。
龙骨梁可以具有单个梁弦杆或可以具有拼接在一起的多个（例如三个）梁弦杆。例如拼接板52和54可以用来将多个龙骨梁弦杆拼接在一起。渐细块51可以逐渐变小进入龙骨梁弦杆之间的空间中，填补（pickup）由于制造公差引起的任何剩余的间隙。龙骨梁可以利用诸如图8和图9中所示的连接板连接于其他飞机构架部件。
每个梁弦杆被夹紧在加强板之间。除了提供保护免受碰撞损坏之外，该加强板还提供改进的载荷传递性质、增加压缩强度并抑制脱层的好处。该加强板提供用于照明/雷闪的路径。该照明/雷闪路径对于主要由复合材料制造的机身306是特别有价值的。
该加强板还提供电气设备的接地平面。如果龙骨梁具有栅格孔，该栅格可以用来将不同的设备件固定于龙骨梁。
大大节省重量也能够通过利用包括夹紧在加强板之间的复合梁弦杆的龙骨梁实现。这种龙骨梁的重量比用铝或钛制造的龙骨梁少50%。此外，α取向纤维和螺栓固紧的结合在碰撞时得到如传统的复合梁的大约两倍的压缩强度的梁弦杆。
飞机300可以利用本文中的物品用于不同于龙骨梁的结构。例如，本文中的物品可以用作围绕乘客的框架双环（framedoublerring）和货物门314。加强板可以对来自乘客和货物装载器的碰撞提供增加的保护。
本文的物品可以用作机身306、机翼组件304和尾翼308的纵梁。本文的梁（beam）可以用作着陆装置310的支柱。
现在参考图11，图11示出制造复合梁弦杆的方法的例子。在方块1110，将第一钻破层（drillbreakoutlayer）（例如，第一织物）放置在工具（例如，芯或模具）上，将加强纤维层铺设在该织物上，以及将第二钻破层放置在该顶层上。至少一些层中的纤维相对于纵向具有+α度的取向，其中，α=2至12度，并且优选3至5度。该铺设也可以包括铺设其他角度的纤维层，例如+β和-β度。
作为第一个例子，只有以+α度取向的纤维的层被铺设。作为第二个例子，可以铺设以±α和±β度取向的一个或多个层。在以±α和±β度取向的总纤维中，可以仅仅使用20%的以±β度取向的纤维以达到与传统的0/45/90度叠层在纵向的同样的支承强度水平。更一般地说，该梁中的全部加强纤维的0%至40%可以以±β度取向。
在一些实施例中，每个层可以是单一方向的带（tape），相对于该带的纵向轴线具有以±α度取向的纤维。这些带被分配在工具上并且以正确的角度（例如，+α）旋转。结果，一些带可以伸出工具之外。伸出的部分可以最终被切割掉（例如，在固化之后）。
在另外的实施例中，可以铺设“层包（cartridge）”。层包可以包括预先包装的层，该预先包装的层相对于该层包的纵向轴线具有正确的纤维取向（例如，+α，-α）。例如，层包可以在其纵向轴线平行于该工具的纵向轴线的情况下被分配。
在一些实施例中，层包可以包括两个缝合在一起的两个层。一个层可以具有以+α度取向的纤维，而另一个可以具有以-α度取向的纤维。两个层相对于该层包的纵向轴线具有正确的纤维取向。
该纤维可以是平衡的或稍稍不平衡的。作为平衡的纤维的例子，物品具有N个以+α取向的纤维的层与N个以-α取向的纤维的层间布。作为稍稍不平衡纤维的例子，织物具有N个以+α取向的纤维的层与N-1个以-α度取向的纤维的层间布。
在一些实施例中，所有的层可以具有相同的+α的值和相同的-α的值。在另外的实施例中，纤维可以具有不同的α的值。例如，可以铺设具有α=3度和α=5度取向的加强纤维。
在一些实施例中，层可以具有以不同角度取向的纤维，层可以包括具有α=-3度、+7度、-7度和+2度的角度取向的纤维。
在一些实施例中，编织物（weave）可以被分配代替单一方向的带。与没有卷曲的带不同，编织物中的纤维是卷曲的。与带不同，单个编织物可以具有以+α度取向的纤维和以-α度取向的纤维。
在方块1120，成层被固化。基质（例如，热塑性或热固性）可以在层被铺设或被固化之前、之后或同时添加。
在方块1130，该固化的梁弦杆被机加工。例如，紧固件孔或其他类型的孔可以钻在固化的梁弦杆中。这些孔可以在物品不在工具上时钻，或者在梁弦杆已经从工具上取出之后钻。孔可以大致垂直于该层。该钻破（drillbreakout）层防止表面层的纤维被剥离。
现在参考图12，图12示出装配至少一个复合梁弦杆的方法。在方块1210，梁弦杆中的孔与加强板和任何其他板（例如拼接板和连接板）对齐。在方块1220，将紧固件插入通孔，并且该梁弦杆被夹紧在加强板之间。其他板也被连接。在方块1230，其他结构（例如，梁，装置）被固定于连接板。

Claims (15)

1.一种物品，其包括在第一和第二加强板之间的复合梁弦杆，该复合梁弦杆包括相对于该复合梁弦杆的纵轴线具有+α度纤维取向的第一加强纤维层和相对于该纵轴线具有-α度纤维取向的第二加强纤维层，其中α的范围为大于8度至小于等于12度。
2.根据权利要求1的物品，其中以±α度取向的加强纤维的数目至少是该复合梁弦杆中的加强纤维的总数的60％。
3.根据权利要求1的物品，其中该复合梁弦杆包括在聚合物基质中的碳纤维。
4.根据权利要求1的物品，其中该复合梁弦杆还包括相对于该纵轴线以±β度取向的第三和第四加强纤维层，其中β在15至85度之间。
5.根据权利要求4的物品，其中该复合梁弦杆中的全部纤维的0％至40％以±β度取向。
6.根据权利要求1的物品，其中这些层在x-y平面内延伸，其中沿着z方向钻孔通过该复合梁弦杆；并且其中紧固件延伸通过所述孔以将所述板夹紧于该复合梁弦杆。
7.根据权利要求1的物品，其中该第一和第二加强板的至少其中之一包括延伸进入该复合梁弦杆的相应的第一侧和第二侧的多个z形销。
8.根据权利要求1的物品，其中该板是金属板。
9.根据权利要求1的物品，其中该物品是飞机龙骨梁。
10.根据权利要求1的物品，其中该复合梁弦杆由基质和以±α度取向的加强纤维构成。
11.根据权利要求1的物品，还包括设置在该复合梁弦杆和该第一和第二加强板至少其中之一之间的至少一个连接板，该连接板包括用于连接于外部结构的多个孔。
12.一种制造物品的方法，该方法包括：
制造复合梁弦杆，包括将加强纤维层铺设在工具上，其中至少一些所述层中的纤维相对于该物品的单一轴向载荷支承方向具有±α的取向，其中α的范围为大于8度至小于等于12度；
在该复合梁弦杆中形成通孔；以及
利用该通孔将加强板固定于该复合梁弦杆的相反两侧。
13.根据权利要求12的方法，其中以±α度取向的加强纤维的数目至少是该复合梁弦杆中的加强纤维总数的60％。
14.根据权利要求12的方法，其中该复合梁弦杆包括在聚合物基质中的碳纤维。
15.根据权利要求12的方法，其中该复合梁弦杆还包括相对于该复合梁弦杆的纵轴线以±β度取向的第三和第四加强纤维层，其中β在15至85度之间。
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