CN102880767A - Method for predicating noise simulation of rail transit bridge structure - Google Patents
Method for predicating noise simulation of rail transit bridge structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for predicating noise simulation of a rail transit bridge structure. The method can be used for widening the noise analysis frequency band of a bridge structure and improving the predication precision and the calculation efficiency, and is applicable to structural noise analysis for bridges of different types. The method comprises the following steps: firstly collecting prediction parameters for noise simulation of the rail transit bridge structure and inputting the prediction parameters into a low frequency band train-rail-bridge coupled vibration model and an intermediate-high frequency band train-rail-bridge coupled vibration model so as to respectively calculate the vibratory response of the bridge structure and the vibratory response of a steel rail; and establishing a bridge sound radiation boundary element model with low-frequency band and a bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model with an intermediate-high frequency band, calculating the noise radiation of the bridge structure in the low-frequency band and the intermediate-high frequency band, and then utilizing the noise composition principle to predicate the total noises radiated by the bridge structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rail traffic bridge construct noise simulated prediction method based on bridge sound radiation boundary element model and bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model, be applicable to the Evaluation and Prediction of large railway (common railway, high-speed railway, Line for Passenger Transportation, inter-city passenger rail etc.) and urban track traffic (subway, light rail, tramcar etc.) bridge structure noise, belong to track traffic vibration and noise field.
Background technology
Compare with other vehicles, track traffic can solve high density passenger flow trip problem, is a kind of large capacity transport facility, has played very important effect in economic development.But the problem of noise pollution of track traffic has but reduced its advantage to a certain extent, and along with the raising of quality of life, people are more and more lower to the tolerance of noise, and has caused thus many social concerns.Abroad, the country such as Japanese, French had once walked one and had polluted first the road of administering afterwards, had caused the waste of unnecessary human and material resources, when the planning new line even common people's resistance incident occurred.At home, the line of high-speed railway in planning, build and runing is economically developed, populous, and urban track traffic is walked in the city especially, and noise problem attracts wide attention especially.
Rail transit noise comprises wheel-rail noise, slip ring system noise, aerodynamic noise and bridge structure noise.The reason that the bridge structure noise produces is: when train passes through bridge, vibrational energy is delivered to bridge floor and other bridge member by track structure, and excite its vibration, each bridge member that is vibrating to form one by one " sound plate ", form thus " secondary radiation " of noise.Although the bridge section becomes " noise focus " on the Noise map mostly, but because exist that bridge structure is various informative, car (line) bridge coupled vibration analysis is complicated, the series of problems such as difficulty is large are found the solution in the super-large component sound radiation, so that the prediction of bridge structure noise becomes unusually thorny.Therefore, the forecasting research of rail traffic bridge construct noise has important theory significance.Simultaneously, the coming years, track traffic will become the important vehicles of China, and track traffic in densely populated urban district or suburbs and counties under the jurisdiction of a large city basically adopt overhead bridge structure.Therefore, the prediction of rail traffic bridge construct noise is of great practical significance.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of rail traffic bridge construct noise simulated prediction method, with the analysis frequency band of widening the bridge structure noise with improve precision of prediction and counting yield, and is applicable to the construct noise analysis of different bridge types.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows:
Rail traffic bridge construct noise simulated prediction method of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) selects rail traffic bridge construct noise Prediction Parameters, comprise type of train, track structure type, track spectrum, road speed and bridge type;
(2) determine to analyze cutoff frequency according to the requirement of bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model antithetical phrase system mode number, the noise calculation frequency domain is divided into low-frequency band and medium-high frequency band, sets up respectively low-frequency band Train Track-bridge coupling dynamical model, medium-high frequency band Train Track-bridge coupling dynamical model;
(3) selected rail traffic bridge construct noise Prediction Parameters is input in low-frequency band Train Track-bridge coupling dynamical model and the medium-high frequency band Train Track-bridge coupling dynamical model, in the vibratory response that low-frequency band is calculated bridge structure, the vibratory response of calculating rail at the medium-high frequency band;
(4) set up low-frequency band bridge sound radiation boundary element model, the vibratory response of bridge structure as Acoustic Boundary Conditions, is calculated bridge structure in the noise radiation of low-frequency band; Set up medium-high frequency band bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model, the vibratory response of rail is inputted as the energy of system, calculate bridge structure in the noise radiation of medium-high frequency band;
(5) comprehensive low-frequency band bridge sound radiation boundary element model, medium-high frequency band bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis the model calculation obtain the spectrum distribution of bridge structure noise in whole frequency domain, utilize the global noise of noise composition principle prediction bridge structure radiation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, mechanism from the generation of rail traffic bridge structural vibration noise, by setting up bridge sound radiation boundary element model and bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model, the research bridge is in the noise radiation of low-frequency band and medium-high frequency band, and comprehensive two kinds of methods obtain the noise radiation of bridge in whole frequency domain.Compare with existing rail traffic bridge construct noise technology, the one, widened the analysis frequency band of bridge structure noise, improved precision of prediction; The 2nd, be applicable to the construct noise analysis of different bridge types, improved counting yield.Can utilize this to invent to understand each major parameter of bridge produces role to noise size, thereby can instruct the design of " peace and quiet " bridge, shorten the construction cycle of product, reducing development cost, control has great importance to the rail traffic bridge construct noise.
Description of drawings
This instructions comprises following 11 width of cloth accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is rail traffic bridge construct noise Total simulation prediction process flow diagram.
Fig. 2 is rail traffic bridge construct noise boundary element model simulation and prediction process flow diagram.
Fig. 3 is rail traffic bridge construct noise statistic energy analysis model emulation prediction process flow diagram.
Fig. 4 is each subsystem mode of flexural vibration number of track traffic 32m concrete simple supported box beam.
Fig. 5 is a kind of finite element model synoptic diagram of bridge.
Fig. 6 is a kind of finite element model synoptic diagram of bridge.
Fig. 7 is the bridge sound radiation boundary element model of low-frequency band.
Fig. 8 is the bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model (axonometric drawing) of medium-high frequency band.
Fig. 9 is the bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model (sectional drawing) of medium-high frequency band.
Figure 10 is that the power between each subsystem is streamed.
Figure 11 is theoretical value and the measured value contrast of bridge structure noise.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Rail traffic bridge construct noise simulated prediction method of the present invention, based on following basic assumption:
(1) do not consider that air is to the reacting force of bridge structure.
Strictly, the vibration of structure causes the motion of air molecule, and air molecule can cause retroaction to structure equally.But this medium of air is with respect to bridge structure, and density is minimum, belongs to light fluid, thereby can ignore the interaction of the two, namely ignores the solid coupling of stream.
(2) uniqueness of sound source.
The noise that train produces during by bridge, except the noise that the bridge structure generation of vibration is arranged, also has other many noise source (such as wheel-rail noise, aerodynamic noise etc.), the noise that it superposes with the bridge structure noise becomes on the ordinary meaning (people's ear actual hear), and this is not research contents of the present invention, and namely " noise " of indication of the present invention only refers to that bridge structure vibrates caused noise.
(3) bridge is on every side without the structures that affect Acoustic Wave Propagation.
In general, when elevated bridge passes through the urban area, must have landform and other complex environment factor of various structures, height fluctuating on every side, these all can become the obstacle that sound wave is propagated in air, can produce the acoustic phenomenons such as diffraction, reflection, this process is extremely complicated.For the ease of analyzing, the present invention supposes that bridge is on every side without the structures (except the sound barrier) that affect Acoustic Wave Propagation.
(4) do not consider chatter radiation and the sound absorption characteristics of sound barrier.
Sound barrier is a barrier that obviously hinders Acoustic Wave Propagation, and sound barrier mainly works to the higher sound wave of frequency, and low-frequency noise is easy to go over from sound barrier top diffraction because wavelength is long.But the sound barrier that is installed on the bridge can move along with the vibration of bridge structure, thereby produces sound radiation, because the magnitude of vibrations of sound barrier is difficult to determine; Simultaneously, various acoustic absorbants can be laid usually in the sound barrier inboard, and the noise of different frequency bands is had different absorptions.The present invention does not consider sound barrier to the absorption of sound wave when the bridge that sound barrier is housed being carried out the construct noise analysis, be not counted in the chatter radiation of sound barrier itself yet, and only consider its diffraction to the bridge structure noise, reflections affect.
(5) do not consider the interference effect of sound wave.
In general, different parts emits two row sound waves when synthetic air on bridge structure, may produce interference effect, but this process is extremely complicated.For the bridge structure noise, can regard the noise field that various rambling sound sources form as, in this case, it can be considered as irrelevant ripple, the synthetic sound energy equals the simple superposition of the acoustic energy of each row sound wave.
(6) steady-state analysis of construct noise.
Train is by in the whole process of bridge, and construct noise is a vertiginous physical quantity in time, and the actual effect that people's ear is experienced is vertiginous instantaneous sound pressure.The present invention is decomposed into the stack of a series of simple harmonic quantity sound waves with the fluctuation problem of random time function when carrying out the bridge structure noise analysis, be steady sound field depending on the noise that causes in the whole process of train by bridge, average effective sound pressure when namely analysis result is.
Rail traffic bridge construct noise simulated prediction method process flow diagram of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1～3.Acquisition trajectory access bridge girder construction noise Simulation Prediction Parameters at first, and be input in low-frequency band Train Track-bridge coupling dynamical model, the medium-high frequency band Train Track-bridge coupling dynamical model and go, calculate respectively the vibratory response of bridge structure and the vibratory response of rail, again the bridge sound radiation boundary element model by setting up low-frequency band and the bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model of medium-high frequency band, calculate bridge structure in the noise radiation of low-frequency range, medium-high frequency band, utilize the noise composition principle to predict the global noise of bridge structure radiation.
The below provides the inventive method to the detailed process of rail traffic bridge construct noise simulation and prediction take track traffic 32m concrete simple supported box beam as example.
(1) selects rail traffic bridge construct noise Prediction Parameters.Main type of train, track structure type, track spectrum, road speed, the bridge type selected.
(2) set up low-frequency band Train Track-bridge coupling dynamical model, medium-high frequency band Train Track-bridge coupling dynamical model.
Shown in Fig. 4 is the mode of flexural vibration number of each subsystem of track traffic 32m concrete simple supported box beam.Below 125Hz, the mode of flexural vibration number average of each subsystem of bridge is less than 5; Below 25Hz, the mode of flexural vibration number average of each subsystem of bridge is less than 1; More than 250Hz, the mode of flexural vibration number average of each subsystem of bridge is greater than 5, thus with 250Hz as analyzing cutoff frequency.
Shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 is two kinds of bridge finite element models, and low-frequency band Train Track-bridge coupled vibration analysis adopts Fig. 5, i.e. spatial plate unit finite element model.Medium-high frequency band Train Track-bridge coupled vibration analysis adopts Fig. 6, i.e. spatial beam finite element model.For the analysis cutoff frequency of 250Hz, the spatial plate unit size is less than 1/6x340 ÷ 250 ≈ 0.22m.Getting the maximum analysis frequency is 10000Hz, and then the time integral step-length of medium-high frequency band Train Track-bridge coupled vibration analysis is less than 1/10000x0.4=0.00004s.
(3) calculate the vibratory response of bridge structure and the vibratory response of rail.
Type of train, track structure type, track spectrum, road speed, bridge type according to step (1) selection, be input in the low-frequency band Train Track that step (2) sets up-bridge coupling dynamical model, the medium-high frequency band Train Track-bridge coupling dynamical model, adopt software " wind-train-circuit-bridge Dynamic Analysis Software [being called for short: WTTBDAS] 1.0 " (copyright owner: Li Xiaozhen, Liu Dejun; Registration number: 2010SR038824) carry out the interior numerical operation of time domain, in the vibratory response that low-frequency band is calculated bridge structure, the vibratory response of calculating rail at the medium-high frequency band.
(4) set up respectively the bridge sound radiation boundary element model of low-frequency band and the bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model of medium-high frequency band.
1) adopt digital filtering technique as follows to the frequency spectrum processing step of time domain internal vibration response: 1. to carry out Train Track-bridge coupled vibrations response analysis, the time domain vibratory response of output bridge structure everywhere is also carried out discrete Fourier transform (DFT), obtains the vibratory response of cline frequency point; 2. the vibratory response of above-mentioned cline frequency point is carried out inverse discrete Fourier transformer inverse-discrete at each third-octave frequency band range, obtain corresponding to the vibration time-histories in each third-octave frequency band range, this process is referred to as filtering and processes; 3. calculate the root-mean-square value (being effective value) of the vibration time-histories in each third-octave frequency band range, as the vibratory response output at third-octave centre frequency place; 4. according to the normal direction of body structure surface, the vibratory response of each degree of freedom direction of each node is projected to the structure normal direction, as the Acoustic Boundary Conditions of structure boundary unit grid.
2) Fig. 7 is the bridge sound radiation boundary element model of low-frequency band, because the present invention has adopted the plate unit that bridge is dispersed when carrying out Train Track-bridge coupled vibration analysis, and considered unit size, so can directly utilize this structured grid as the acoustics boundary element mesh of bridge structure.In addition, ground is regarded as infinitely great rigid plane to consider that ground is in the face of the reflex of sound wave; As Acoustic Boundary Conditions, adopt on this basis self-editing Solution of Boundary Element Method device to find the solution the vibratory response of bridge structure.A) regard the bridge spatial plate unit in Train Track-bridge coupled vibration analysis as acoustics border grid, the vibratory response of bridge structure as boundary condition, is carried out boundary Element, obtain the acoustic pressure result on the Oscillating boundary; B) dot grid is set, according to the acoustic pressure result on the Oscillating boundary, calculates one by one it to the pressure contribution at field point place; C) overlap-add procedure is carried out in the sound radiation of different parts bridge, consider the loss that sound wave causes in communication process, obtain the overall noise of sound field observation station.
3) Fig. 8, Fig. 9 are the bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model of medium-high frequency band, and wherein, rail adopts three-dimensional beam subsystem simulation; Track plates, self-compacting concrete layer, bedplate and box-beam structure adopt the simulation of three-dimensional flat plate subsystem; Fastener system adopts point to connect to process with the simulation rail is connected connection with track plates; Space outerpace adopts the simulation of semiinfinite fluid subsystem.The power that Figure 10 has provided between each subsystem is streamed, and wherein the vibration of rail is the energy input of system, and box-beam structure is thought of as radiating element, does not consider the sound radiation of the track structures such as rail, track plates.Streamed according to the power between the subsystem, set up the energy-balance equation between the subsystem, adopt self-editing statistic energy analysis solver to try to achieve the vibratory response of subsystem, and then try to achieve each acoustical parameter according to vibration and the relation of sound radiation.Main calculation procedure is as follows: a) according to Similar modes vibration shape group principle, track structure, bridge structure, space outerpace etc. are divided into different subsystems, create the connection between each subsystem; B) input system external energy (being the vibratory response of rail) calculates and is delivered to the vibrational energy of each subsystem of bridge structure, and calculates its sound radiation in free field; C) overlap-add procedure is carried out in the sound radiation of different parts bridge, consider the loss that sound wave causes in communication process, obtain the overall noise of sound field observation station.
(5) the bridge sound radiation boundary element model of comprehensive low-frequency band and the bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model of medium-high frequency band, obtain the spectrum distribution of bridge structure noise in whole frequency domain, utilize the noise composition principle to predict the global noise of bridge structure radiation.In order to verify the validity of simulated prediction method, real bridge has been carried out noise testing, Figure 11 is measured value and the theoretical value contrast of bridge structure noise, can find out: theoretical identical good with actual measurement spectrum curve form, two peak values all appear, first peak value is 50Hz, and second peak value is 315Hz.
The present invention compares with existing rail traffic bridge construct noise technology, and the one, widened the analysis frequency band of bridge structure noise, improved precision of prediction; The 2nd, be applicable to the construct noise analysis of different bridge types, improved counting yield.Can utilize this to invent to understand each major parameter of bridge produces role to noise size, thereby can instruct the design of " peace and quiet " bridge, shorten the construction cycle of product, reducing development cost, control has great importance to the rail traffic bridge construct noise.
Claims (5)
1. rail traffic bridge construct noise simulated prediction method comprises the steps:
(1) selects rail traffic bridge construct noise Prediction Parameters, comprise type of train, track structure type, track spectrum, road speed and bridge type;
(2) determine to analyze cutoff frequency according to the requirement of bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model antithetical phrase system mode number, the noise calculation frequency domain is divided into low-frequency band and medium-high frequency band, sets up respectively low-frequency band Train Track-bridge coupling dynamical model, medium-high frequency band Train Track-bridge coupling dynamical model;
(3) selected rail traffic bridge construct noise Prediction Parameters is input in low-frequency band Train Track-bridge coupling dynamical model and the medium-high frequency band Train Track-bridge coupling dynamical model, in the vibratory response that low-frequency band is calculated bridge structure, the vibratory response of calculating rail at the medium-high frequency band;
(4) set up low-frequency band bridge sound radiation boundary element model, the vibratory response of bridge structure as Acoustic Boundary Conditions, is calculated bridge structure in the noise radiation of low-frequency band; Set up medium-high frequency band bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model, the vibratory response of rail is inputted as the energy of system, calculate bridge structure in the noise radiation of medium-high frequency band;
(5) comprehensive low-frequency band bridge sound radiation boundary element model, medium-high frequency band bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis the model calculation obtain the spectrum distribution of bridge structure noise in whole frequency domain, utilize the global noise of noise composition principle prediction bridge structure radiation.
2. rail traffic bridge construct noise simulated prediction method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step (2), low-frequency band Train Track-bridge coupling dynamical model adopts bridge spatial plate unit finite element model, and size of mesh opening is less than 1/6 of minimum analytical wavelengths; It is spatial beam that the bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model of medium-high frequency band adopts finite element method that bridge is dispersed, and the time integral step-length is less than 0.4 times of maximum analysis frequency inverse.
3. rail traffic bridge construct noise simulated prediction method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: adopt digital filtering technique that the Train Track in the time domain-bridge coupled vibration analysis result is transformed in the frequency domain in the described step (4), comprise the vibratory response of bridge structure and the vibratory response of rail.
4. rail traffic bridge construct noise simulated prediction method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: in the described step (4), for low-frequency band bridge sound radiation boundary element model, regard bridge spatial plate unit finite element model as the acoustics boundary element mesh, regard ground as infinitely great rigid plane to consider that ground is in the face of the reflex of sound wave, as Acoustic Boundary Conditions, adopt on this basis self-editing Solution of Boundary Element Method device to find the solution the vibratory response of bridge structure.
5. rail traffic bridge construct noise simulated prediction method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: in the described step (4), for medium-high frequency band bridge sound radiation statistic energy analysis model, rail adopts three-dimensional beam subsystem simulation, track plates, the self-compacting concrete layer, bedplate and box-beam structure adopt the simulation of three-dimensional flat plate subsystem, fastener system adopts point to connect to process with the simulation rail is connected connection with track plates, space outerpace adopts the simulation of semiinfinite fluid subsystem, the vibration of rail adopts the statistic energy analysis solver to find the solution as the external energy input of whole system on this basis.
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