CN102869560A - 用于连接部件的方法 - Google Patents

用于连接部件的方法 Download PDF

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CN102869560A
CN102869560A CN201180020077XA CN201180020077A CN102869560A CN 102869560 A CN102869560 A CN 102869560A CN 201180020077X A CN201180020077X A CN 201180020077XA CN 201180020077 A CN201180020077 A CN 201180020077A CN 102869560 A CN102869560 A CN 102869560A
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parts
adhesion agent
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CN102869560B (zh
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P·戈尔特
J·察劳尔
M·库尔茨
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D27/00Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
    • B62D27/02Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units rigid
    • B62D27/026Connections by glue bonding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412Infrared [IR] radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4835Heat curing adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B29C65/524Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive by applying the adhesive from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface of the part to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/782Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/949Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time characterised by specific time values or ranges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/97Checking completion of joining or correct joining by using indications on at least one of the joined parts
    • B29C66/972Checking completion of joining or correct joining by using indications on at least one of the joined parts by extrusion of molten material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种将部件(13,14)连接成部件组(16)的方法,其中部件(13,14)由坚硬的材料形成,尤其是由金属、纤维增强的塑料和/或由热塑性塑料形成,包括以下步骤:将第一部件(13)在第一规定位置定位,其中第一部件(13)被容纳于第一保持件(11)中;将第二部件(14)在第一规定位置定位,其中第二部件(14)被容纳于第二保持件(12)中;将胶粘剂(15)涂敷在第一和/或第二部件(13,14)的规定区域(17)上;将第二部件(14)移至第二规定位置,在第二规定位置中第二部件(14)到第一部件(13)具有规定的距离(A,d);并且通过胶粘剂(15)将第二部件(14)粘帖在第一部件(13)处。

Description

用于连接部件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种将部件连接成部件组的方法,其中部件由坚硬材料形成,尤其是由金属、纤维增强的塑料和/或由热塑性塑料形成。
背景技术
这种两个部件相互粘连的方法在现有的技术中已知。待粘连的部件首先必须相互定位,以实现部件组的正确功能或最终形状。之后将连接各个部件的胶粘剂硬化从而将部件相互固定。两个部件之间的胶粘剂在连接部件时是面团状。存在的危险是两个部件可能相对移动,这导致胶粘剂硬化后两个部件相互间位置错误进而整个组件无法使用。
为了克服这个问题,在现有技术中建议除了粘接之外将两个部件通过机械连接相互连接起来。通常情况下是指螺栓连接或者定位销,其任务是在粘连过程中将部件在确定的位置相互固定。
然而尤其在粘连纤维增强的材料时存在问题,即相同部件在公差范围内相互不同。与用可以塑性形变的金属片做成的工件相反,纤维增强的塑料具有高度的恢复力。也就是说这些部件主要在弹性区域形变。在一个或者多个部件和另一部件或者多个部件粘连的连接过程中,这些部件必须用力使其保持在形变状态。恢复力致使塑料部件在撤回力作用后返回至其原始形态并由此破坏粘接。所以尤其对于纤维增强的塑料通过弯曲部件来补偿公差仅在非常狭窄的范围内可行。如果需要连接的部件本身由组件组成的,这个问题就更为严重。同样的组件具有相互不同的几何尺寸,这是由之前的、同样在公差范围内进行的组装决定的。
所以,粘连纤维增强的部件时为了将部件相互固定除了粘连之外的机械连接是没有意义的,直至胶粘剂硬化。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供开头提及的方法,其能克服现有技术的所述缺点。
本任务根据具有独立权利要求的特征的方法得以解决。
本发明的其它实施形式和改进是从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明的将部件连接成部件组的方法,其中部件由坚硬的材料形成,尤其是由金属、纤维增强的塑料和/或由热塑性塑料形成,可以具有以下步骤:将第一部件在它的第一规定位置定位,其中第一部件被容纳于第一保持件中,将第二部件在它的第一规定位置定位,其中第二部件被容纳于第二保持件中,将胶粘剂涂敷在第一部件和/或第二部件的规定区域上,将第二部件移至它的第二规定位置,在该第二规定位置中第二部件到第一部件具有规定距离。此外本发明的特点可以在于,当第二部件处于该第二规定位置时,通过胶粘剂将第二部件粘帖在第一部件上,使得两个部件彼此相对运动被禁止。这提供的优点在于根据本发明的连接方法仅产生唯一的连接,即通过两个部件之间的胶粘剂,并且可以摒弃额外的机械连接。本发明意义上的坚硬材料是热塑性塑料、纤维增强的塑料例如碳纤维增强塑料(CFK)或者玻璃纤维增强塑料(GFK),或者金属。这些材料有相对从外部作用的机械力的高度恢复力。
此外本发明的特点可以在于,在涂敷了胶粘剂的规定区域中设置规定的粘接区域,其中为了在规定的粘接区域中将第二部件粘帖在第一部件上,借助于能量摄入、尤其借助于热输入,使胶粘剂至少部分硬化。其优点是仅在确定的部分区域中进行粘帖,从而在剩余区域的胶粘剂的硬化可以在后续过程步骤中单独实现,由此粘帖的时间显著缩短。规定的接合区域可以延伸到规定区域的整个长度或者仅形成于规定区域的部分区域中。
附加地或者替代地,可以将第一部件和/或者第二部件的规定区域在连接之前预热。
此外本方法的特点可以在于,借助于红外辐射或者感应进行胶粘剂的部分硬化。使用金属部件时可以通过感应加热一个或者两个待连接的部件,以使胶粘剂硬化。
此外可以确定从第一部件的功能区域到第二部件的功能区域的规定距离,其中通过胶粘剂厚度进行这些部件的公差补偿。
附加地或者替代地,可以确定从第一部件的规定区域到第二部件的规定区域的规定距离。
此外本方法的特点可以在于,胶粘剂的硬化在规定时间段内进行,其中该规定时间段少于胶粘剂的开放时间。该时间段优选在30秒到7分钟的范围内。其中该时间段基本上等于60秒的实施形式是尤其优选的。
除此之外本方法的特点可以在于,胶粘剂在组件从保持件中分离后完全硬化。由此得出的优点是一方面可实现非常短的用于粘帖胶合剂的时间段,并且另一方面,粘帖之后,如此建立的组件达到完全的运输强度。由此可以在部分硬化之后直接将组件重新定位。
此外或替代地,本方法的特点可以在于,待连接的部件在连接之前被预处理,其中将待处理的部件的表面在规定区域中粗糙化。由此可以尤其简单的方式提高胶粘剂在部件处的粘着并由此提高部件相互间的粘着。
此外本方法的特点可以在于,在连接前清洁待连接的部件。由此有利地降低粘连处有杂质的危险并且因此提高粘连处的稳定性。
此外本方法的特点可以在于,胶粘剂是双组分胶粘剂。
此外本方法的特点可以在于,需要连接的部件是预制的子组件。
此外本方法的特点可以在于,将第一部件定位到它的第一规定位置和将第二部件移至它的第二规定位置同时进行。此处可以在将第一部件定位到它的第一规定位置前,将胶粘剂涂敷在第一部件和/或第二部件的规定区域。
附图说明
以下参照附图进一步解释本发明的优选实施例。其中,示意地、通过示例且非限制地示出:
图1待连接的第一部件;
图2根据本发明方法连接起来的部件组的示意图;以及
图3连接部件时粘帖的过程步骤。
具体实施方式
图1中示出第一部件13,其定位在保持件11中。保持件11可以是托架形式的容纳装置,其例如位置固定地定位在工厂厂房的地面上。在本发明替代的实施形式中,保持件11可以是移动式机器人夹臂。
第一部件13具有形式为法兰的规定区域17。在法兰区域涂上胶粘剂以便将第一部件13和第二部件14连接。
在图2中示意性示出这样的连接过程。第二部件14设置在第二保持件12上,且第二保持件12同样可以是样板或者移动式机器人夹臂样式的托架。第二保持件12可以向第一保持件11相对运动,从而第一部件13和第二部件14可以彼此根据所需要的位置定位。保持件11和保持件12可以是上一级保持单元的或者连接装置的单个元件。
参照图1至图3应如下描述根据本发明的连接方法,以及其各个过程步骤。方法的出发点是将第一部件13定位到第一保持件11中,其如图1所示。在这个位置第一部件13固定地设置在第一保持件11中。接下来在规定区域17中,例如如上所述在第一部件13的法兰区域中,涂敷胶粘剂15。在此可以选择地将喷嘴靠近第一部件13,从而从喷嘴中将胶粘剂15涂在规定区域17上,或者将第一部件13带过出胶粘剂的喷嘴,进而在规定区域17接收胶粘剂15。
之后将第二部件14在第二保持件12中——例如机器人手臂中——定位,并且从第一规定位置移到第二规定位置。第二部件14的第一规定位置(未示出)是指这样的位置,即,在该位置中保持件12具有第二部件14可以尤其简单地放入保持件12中的姿势。第二规定位置对应第二部件14的最终位置,其如图2所示之后在组件16中保持。类似地,第一部件13的第一规定位置对应该部件13的最终位置,其之后在组件16中保持。在此组件16至少包括第一部件13和第二部件14。
第二部件4通过定义的开动移至其第二规定位置。在这个位置保持和第一部件13之间的所需规定距离A。在此,所需距离A由第一部件13的确定功能或者形状的区域到第二部件14确定。这意味着两个部件13、14在公差范围内的外形波动可以通过胶粘剂15补偿。也就是说,如果两个待连接的部件中的一个没有完全尺寸精确地成型,以致例如功能区域20到法兰区域17的距离或者位置较规定值有偏差,那么该偏差可以通过胶粘剂15的形变获得补偿,从而形成的组件是尺寸精确的。部件的公差补偿在此通过胶粘剂厚度d实现,也就是说将部件相互移动,直到胶粘剂15从边上溢出。功能区域20或者给定形状的区域是指对于组件16和其它部件或者组件相互作用非常重要的部件区域,例如其配合精度或者尺寸精度。
连接部件时从中央区域(确定功能或形状的区域)出发实现其定位,也就是说仅考虑第一部件13和第二部件14的两个中央区域之间的距离。法兰的位置起次要作用。连接部件13、14时胶粘剂15从组件16溢出。根据部件形状的尺寸精度发生较多或者较少的溢出。
当两个部件13、14达到各自的、之后在结构组16中仍彼此保持的最终位置后,将部件13和4相互粘帖。这通过在规定的粘接区域18借助热量摄入将胶粘剂15点逐点地硬化实现,如图3中显示。将例如发射红外线的热源靠近连接的组件。热源9因此用红外线照射粘接区域18,从而在此区域胶粘剂15硬化并且由此将部件13、14之间相互固定。对粘接区域18进行加热在规定时间内完成,其必须少于胶粘剂的开放时间。胶粘剂的开放时间应理解为胶粘剂具有粘合特性的时间。也就是说,开放时间是在其过去之后胶粘剂失去粘合特性的时间,以至于不能实现将部件粘合在胶粘剂或者其它部件上。将组件16或其结合区域18加热的时间或时间段优选为50秒至7分钟。本方法的优选实施形式中,用热作用于组件16的时间为60秒。也就是说,将两个部件相互接连的过程步骤优选大体上60秒。
经过粘接的过程步骤,组件16稳定、尺寸精确,并由此达到其运输强度而且可以从保持件11、12或连接装置中移除。本发明提供的优点是通过部分粘帖将部件形状稳定地连接并且由此能够仅在短暂的停留时间之后在连接装置中将其重新定位。胶粘剂15在未硬化区域的完全硬化在空气中进行。
在本发明的其它替代实施形式中将规定区域17预处理。将坚硬材质的塑料部件研磨粗糙化,目的是为胶粘剂提供更好的粘合。使纤维增强的塑料部件粗糙通过例如喷砂、研磨或激光实现。在其它替代方法中可以通过火实现表面活化。如果部件13、14是由热塑性材料形成,这尤其适用。规定的区域17在此可以是法兰区域或者部件的规定粘合面。
待连接的部件经过粗糙化预处理后可以清洁部件,其方法是自动通过机器人手臂自动以去油脂和/或灰尘的方式擦净部件。这可以优先通过用浸泡在异丙醇中的抹布擦拭、通过喷或者刷实现。
在本发明其它未示出的实施形式中,可以在连接发生前将胶粘剂15分别涂在待连接的部件13、14上。此外也可以将两个部件分别设置在移动式抓臂上。连接部件时,进行待连接部件的定义开动,其中不仅第一部件13而且第二部件14可以相互移动,直到功能区域20占据规定的距离A。
在包括保持部件11、12的保持装置中,将部件13、14固定在相应的装置部件中。为了避免胶粘剂中的应力,将待连接的部件13、14在全部三个空间方向保持,但没有相互拉紧。在胶纹平面区域中尽可能远离粘结法兰进行部件13、14的定位。当第一部件13在其第一位置且第二部件14在其第二位置时,为了在胶纹中运行公差补偿,制动连接装置的保持件11、12。也就是说,连接装置具有止挡或者制动器,其允许待连接的部件13、14最大限度移向对方。其结果就是不将胶层固定设置为标称尺寸,以致其可以变化。标称尺寸对应上述距离A,并在功能区域17间确定。
在本发明的其它替代实施形式中,考虑尽可能达到硬度相关的设计将部件13、14连接为部件组16。在这个实施形式中,同样将第二部件14通过定义的开动移至其第二规定位置,在该位置其和第一部件13保持所需的规定距离d。所需距离不是由第一部件13的确定功能或形状的区域相对于第二部件14确定,而是由第一部件13的规定区域17或法兰区域17到第二部件14的规定区域17a或者法兰区域17a确定,如图2示出。在此实施形式中,规定距离对应于法兰区域17、17a之间的距离,并因此主要是胶纹厚度d。
以下应总结上述根据本发明方法的优点。通过用局部硬化粘帖部件而不需要烘箱,在烘箱中整个组件6必须和位于其中的胶粘剂15硬化。未局部硬化的胶粘剂区域可以节省能源地在空气中完成硬化。通过舍弃待连接部件之间的额外机械连接可以使用在不同工具中生产的纤维增强的塑料部件。因此这允许多工具,且在批量生产组件16时不出现大量质量损失。在此情况下可以在一个工具中使用多腔,用来同时生产多个纤维增强的塑料部件。根据本发明的方法可以尤其用于车身制造,例如车身结构的边框作为第一部件和例如是车顶元件或车底组件的第二部件粘合。车底组件本身可以由多个子部件或者组件组成。根据本发明方法的能量需求对于商用标准的车身制造可以大量降低。此外用这种方法制作的车身不需要喷漆。此外可以通过根据本发明的方法生产防水粘合的车身。这是针对用单独部件焊接的车身的优点,在这种车身中在焊接过程中必须为焊接设备保留通道开口。连接之后,在喷涂车身之前通道开口必须用例如用聚氯乙烯(PVC)密封。因此根据本发明的方法在节能和环境可持续性方面提供重要优点。
本发明的上述特征和实施形式可以任意地相互组合。

Claims (10)

1.一种将部件(13,14)连接成部件组(16)的方法,其中部件(13,14)由坚硬的材料形成,尤其是由金属、纤维增强的塑料和/或由热塑性塑料形成,包括以下步骤:
-将第一部件(13)定位在一个第一规定位置,其中第一部件(13)被容纳于第一保持件(11)中,
-将第二部件(14)定位在一个第一规定位置,其中第二部件(14)被容纳于第二保持件(12)中,
-将胶粘剂(15)涂敷到第一和/或第二部件(13,14)的规定区域(17)上,
-将第二部件(14)移至一个第二规定位置,在该第二规定位置中第二部件(14)到第一部件(13)具有规定距离(A,d),其特征在于,
-当第二部件(14)处于所述第二规定位置时,通过胶粘剂(15)将第二部件粘贴在第一部件(13)上,使得两个部件(13,14)彼此相对运动被禁止。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,
-在涂敷了胶粘剂(15)的规定区域(17)中设置规定的粘接区域(18),其中
-为了在规定的粘接区域(18)中将第二部件(14)粘帖在第一部件(13)上,借助于能量摄入、尤其借助于热输入,使胶粘剂(15)至少部分硬化,其中
-尤其借助于红外辐射或者感应进行胶粘剂(15)的部分硬化。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,
-确定从第一部件(13)的功能区域到第二部件(14)的功能区域的规定距离(A),其中
-通过胶粘剂厚度进行部件(13,14)的公差补偿,和/或
-确定从第一部件(13)的规定区域(17)到第二部件(14)的规定区域(17a)的规定距离(d)。
4.根据前述权利要求2或3之一的方法,其特征在于,
-胶粘剂的硬化在少于胶粘剂的开放时间的规定时间段内进行,其中所述时间段优选在30秒到7分钟的范围内,并且尤其优选基本上等于60秒。
5.根据前述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于,
-胶粘剂(15)在组件(16)从保持件(11,12)中分离后完全硬化。
6.根据前述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于,
-在连接之前对待连接的部件(13,14)进行预处理,其中将所述部件的表面在规定区域中粗糙化。
7.根据前述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于,
-在连接前清洁待连接的部件(13,14)。
8.根据前述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于,
-胶粘剂(15)是双组分胶粘剂。
9.根据前述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于,
-待连接的部件(13,14)是预制的子组件。
10.根据前述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于,
-将第一部件(13)定位到所述第一规定位置和将第二部件(14)移至所述第二规定位置同时进行。
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