CN102861726A - Lithium secondary battery consistency screening method - Google Patents
Lithium secondary battery consistency screening method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102861726A CN102861726A CN2011101867161A CN201110186716A CN102861726A CN 102861726 A CN102861726 A CN 102861726A CN 2011101867161 A CN2011101867161 A CN 2011101867161A CN 201110186716 A CN201110186716 A CN 201110186716A CN 102861726 A CN102861726 A CN 102861726A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium secondary battery consistency screening method, belonging to the field of secondary batteries, characterized in that: a unit battery grades the capacity, platform, and internal resistance when conducting capacity grading and detection, and then the unit battery is charged by multi-step constant current and constant voltage, wherein a constant current of 0.3-5C5 is used for charging to a voltage V0, when the charging current is 0.1-0.3 C5, the charge is stopped and the battery is shelved; after the battery is shelved for 5-30 min, the charging is continued with a constant current of 0.1-0.3 C5 to the voltage V0, when the charging current is 0.05-0.1 C5, the charge is stopped and the battery is shelved; after the battery is shelved for 5-30 min, the charging is continued with a constant current of 0.05-0.1 C5 to the voltage V0, when the charging current is 0.03-0.05 C5, the charge is stopped and the battery is shelved; after the battery is shelved for 5-30 min, the charging is continued with a constant current of 0.03-0.05 C5 to the voltage V0, when the charging current is 0.01-0.03 C5, the charge is stopped; after the charging is complete, the unit battery is shelved at a normal temperature, the shelving time is no less than 24h, when the shelving ends, measurement is carried out on the open-circuit voltage Vt of the unit battery, if the open-circuit voltage Vt is no less than the result of V0 minus delta V0 and minus n*delta V, the unit battery is qualified. According to the invention, the qualified unit battery screened by the invention has low self-consuming hazards, the combined battery pack has good self-discharge consistency, high reliability, and rapidness, simpleness and easy operation in practical application, and has a good market application prospect.
Description
Technical field
A kind of lithium secondary battery uniformity of the present invention screening technique belongs to the secondary cell field, particularly relates to a kind of cell uniformity screening technique of lithium ion battery group.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of lithium ion battery, lithium ion battery also begins to obtain to widely apply as power, accumulation power supply.Compare with the small-sized movable consumer such as mobile phone, power, the required accumulation power supply power output of energy-storage battery are high, long service life, this just requires how also battery carries out, the combination of many strings, and the price of battery pack is high, is worth greatly, therefore, battery reliability and uniformity are had higher requirement.The arbitrarily functional inefficacy of cell all can cause the functional inefficacy of whole battery pack in the battery pack, even can cause the problems such as the security of battery pack is out of control.For guaranteeing the uniformity of each cell in the battery pack, need to screen, divide into groups cell, to guarantee the uniformity of each cell in the battery pack.The coincident indicator of battery has capacity, voltage, discharge platform, internal resistance, from power consumption speed etc.Wherein, particularly important from power consumption speed with battery, and be difficult to screen.In not having the system of balance charge/discharge, because of different from power consumption, through storing for a long time and using, the uniformity of cell can change a lot.The consumable electric test method is to weigh with retention of charge among the CNS GB/T18287 " cell phone lithium ion battery general specification ", at room temperature is full of to establish the road by cable and shelved 28 days, with 0.2C
5The A electric current is discharged to final voltage, and its discharge capacity should be greater than 85% of rated capacity; The consumable electric test method is also to weigh with retention of charge in the IEC61960-1 standard " Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications-Part 1:Secondary lithium cells ", at room temperature be full of and establish the road by cable and shelved 28 days, with 0.2C
5The A electric current is discharged to final voltage, and its discharge capacity should be greater than 70% of rated capacity.According to standard, all be qualified, available from power consumption at the cell below 15% or 30%, still, if will be 1% and be the battery pack that 10% cell is made into two strings from power consumption from power consumption, even initial capacity, voltage, internal resistance are consistent, full charging was shelved 28 days, a cell keeps 99% capacity, the another cell keeps 90% capacity, and the capacity of cell, voltage become inconsistent in the battery pack, and prolongs in time difference and widen.
The consumable electric test method of industry universal is to shelve a certain fixedly duration after cell is filled with certain electric weight at present, and the voltage difference of cell is picked out from power consumption cell bigger than normal before and after shelving by test.Disclose such as Chinese patent application CN101764259A and " battery have been charged to 50～90% rated capacities; t3 and t4 time point are measured respectively its voltage after charging finishes; obtain V3 and V4; deduct the voltage drop that V4 obtains secondary cell with V3; after determining the voltage drop criterion of acceptability, sub-elect the qualified secondary cell of voltage drop." one of the defective of these class methods is all monomer battery voltage to be measured before and after requirement is shelved; and voltage carries out one to one clear data management before and after need to shelving each cell; and need to carry out bar code management to cell, strengthen the difficulty of production operation.Two of the defective of these class methods be can only provide fixedly shelve battery under the time conditions from power consumption criterion, be difficult to the reliability of stock's stock battery in the production process is managed and satisfy the requirement of different production friendship phases.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to avoid weak point of the prior art, and a kind of large-scale production and application that are beneficial to are provided, select the conforming method of cell, especially select cell from the conforming method of power consumption.
For fixing battery system, the relation of battery open circuit voltage capacity charged with it is relatively stable.As before shelving, cell being adopted constant-potential charge, guarantee the uniformity of the initial state-of-charge of cell, then only need to measure the open-circuit voltage of cell, the levels of leakage that can reflect this cell, open-circuit voltage is relatively higher, illustrate that cell is less from power consumption, open-circuit voltage is lower, shows that cell is larger from power consumption.According to acceptable levels of leakage requirement, set up the qualified cell open-circuit voltage standard corresponding with the time of shelving, by measuring the open-circuit voltage of cell, to pick out from power consumption cell bigger than normal.Simultaneously, according to the height of the open-circuit voltage of cell, to cell carry out stepping from the power consumption level, during the cell combo, the cell that approaches from power consumption is made into one group, to guarantee that each cell is from the uniformity of power consumption level in the battery pack.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following measures:
Cell first to capacity, platform, internal resistance stepping, then uses the multi-stage constant current constant-voltage charge to battery when partial volume detects,
First paragraph uses 0.3C
5～5C
5Constant-current charge is to voltage V
0, then constant voltage is V
0Carry out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.1C
5～0.3C
5Stopping to charge with turning shelves;
Second segment is shelved after 5～30 minutes and is continued with 0.1C
5～0.3C
5Constant-current charge is to voltage V
0, then constant voltage is V
0Carry out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.05C
5～0.1C
5Stopping to charge with turning shelves;
The 3rd section, shelve after 5～30 minutes and continue with 0.05C
5～0.1C
5Constant-current charge is to voltage V
0, then constant voltage is V
0Carry out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.03C
5～0.05C
5Stopping to charge with turning shelves;
The 4th section, shelve after 5～30 minutes and continue with 0.03C
5～0.05C
5Constant-current charge is to voltage V
0, then constant voltage is V
0Carry out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.01C
5～0.03C
5Stop charging;
After charging is finished cell is carried out normal temperature shelf, shelve duration and be not less than 24h, shelve when ending cell open-circuit voltage V
tMeasure open-circuit voltage V
t〉=V
0-Δ V
0-n * Δ V cell is judged to be qualified cell.Simultaneously, for qualified cell according to V
tSize is carried out the voltage stepping with the class of 1～20mV, carries out combo with the class cell.
C
5It is rated capacity.
Charging voltage V
0Determine according to battery system, be 3.0～4.2V such as cobalt acid lithium-graphite system, LiMn2O4-graphite system, nickle cobalt lithium manganate-graphite system etc., preferred, cobalt acid lithium-graphite system, LiMn2O4-graphite system, nickle cobalt lithium manganate-graphite system etc. are 3.3～3.65V.LiFePO4-graphite body is 2.0～3.65V, and is preferred, and LiFePO4-graphite body is 2.8～3.2V.
Δ V
0Battery polarization pressure drop and charging cabinet voltage accuracy error during for charging, its span is 5～20mV, preferred its span is 5～10mV.The battery polarization pressure drop is the product of charging cut-off current and battery dc impedance when wherein charging.
Δ V is for whenever shelving 12h open-circuit voltage decrease speed, and its span is 1～5mV.Can adopt charging method of the present invention, cell is charged to V
0After carry out normal temperature shelf, then measure the cell open-circuit voltage every 12h and fall, comprehensive cell reliability and cell utilization rate obtain cell by statistics and whenever shelve 12h monomer battery voltage decrease speed.Preferred its span is 1～3mV.
N is for shelving half fate, and shelving zero-time n value is 0, then shelves every increase of time 12h, and the n value increases by 1.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following measures:
Cell first to capacity, platform, internal resistance stepping, then uses 0.1C to cell when partial volume detects
5～5C
5Constant-current charge is to voltage V
0, then constant voltage is V
0Carry out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.01 C
5～0.1C
5Charging stops, and then cell is carried out normal temperature shelf, shelves duration and is not less than 24h, shelves when ending cell open-circuit voltage V
tMeasure open-circuit voltage V
t〉=V
0-Δ V
0-n * Δ V cell is judged to be qualified cell.Simultaneously, for qualified cell according to V
tSize is carried out the voltage stepping with the class of 1～20mV, carries out combo with the class cell.
C
5It is rated capacity.
Charging voltage V
0Determine according to battery system, be 3.0～4.2V such as cobalt acid lithium-graphite system, LiMn2O4-graphite system, nickle cobalt lithium manganate-graphite system etc., preferred, cobalt acid lithium-graphite system, LiMn2O4-graphite system, nickle cobalt lithium manganate-graphite system etc. are 3.3～3.65V.LiFePO4-graphite body is 2.0～3.65V, and is preferred, and LiFePO4-graphite body is 2.8～3.2V.
Δ V
0Battery polarization pressure drop and charging cabinet voltage accuracy error sum during for charging, its span is 5～20mV, preferred its span is 5～10mV.The battery polarization pressure drop is the product of charging cut-off current and battery dc impedance when wherein charging.
Δ V is for whenever shelving 12h open-circuit voltage decrease speed, and its span is 1～5mV.Can adopt charging method of the present invention, cell is charged to V
0After carry out normal temperature shelf, then measure the cell open-circuit voltage every 12h and fall, comprehensive cell reliability and cell utilization rate obtain cell by statistics and whenever shelve 12h monomer battery voltage decrease speed.Its span is 1～5mV, and preferred its span is 1～3mV.
N is for shelving half fate, and shelving zero-time n value is 0, then shelves every increase of time 12h, and the n value increases by 1.
In the reliability effect factor of battery pack, each cell particularly important from the power consumption level.The cell of therefore, how to reject consumable TV university in the battery becomes the key factor that affects the battery pack reliability.
Adopt the method for constant-potential charge in the inventive method, can guarantee that cell has consistent initial state-of-charge, the open-circuit voltage of cell can reflect the levels of leakage of this cell in during shelving, by open-circuit voltage and the relation of shelving the time, can reject in the production process from power consumption cell bigger than normal.Since use open-circuit voltage management battery from power consumption, can carry out stepping to the levels of leakage of cell according to the open-circuit voltage size, to guarantee the uniformity of each cell in the battery pack, so that do not having under the prerequisite of equalization function, battery pack can be not inconsistent and cause losing efficacy from power consumption because of each cell.Simultaneously, owing to use the time of shelving and open-circuit voltage relation management battery from power consumption, be convenient to produce for the difference production management of friendship phase, produce workable.
It is little from power consumption hidden danger that the present invention screens qualified cell, and the battery pack self discharge high conformity that makes up, reliability height are quick during practical application, simple, easy to operate, have good market application foreground.
The specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1: our company produces 9585175Fe type ferric phosphate lithium ion battery, nominal voltage 3.2V, and rated capacity 12Ah, according to production friendship phase requirement, it is 7 days that the cell charging is accomplished to the time that enters packing.
According to the inventive method, after the cell forming and capacity dividing is finished, select the capacity class at 12.6～12.8Ah, 0.5 C
5The cell of discharge 3.0V platform 〉=100 minutes, internal resistance≤6m Ω, selected V
0Be 3.15V, use 0.3 C
5Constant-current charge is to 3.15V, and then constant voltage is that 3.15V carries out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.1 C
5Charging stops to turn shelves; Shelve after 10 minutes and continue with 0.1 C
5Constant-current charge is to 3.15V, and then constant voltage is that 3.15V carries out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.05 C
5Charging stops to turn shelves; Shelve after 10 minutes and continue with 0.05 C
5Constant-current charge is to 3.15V, and then constant voltage is that 3.15V carries out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.03 C
5Charging stops to turn shelves; Shelve after 10 minutes and continue with 0.03 C
5Constant-current charge is to 3.15V, and then constant voltage is that 3.15V carries out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.01 C
5Charging stops.Then cell is carried out normal temperature shelf and measure the cell open-circuit voltage after 7 days, reject from power consumption cell bigger than normal.
According to the inventive method, selected Δ V
0Be 10mV, Δ V is 2mV, and the n value is 14.Therefore, when cell was shelved 7 days, the cell open-circuit voltage criterion qualified from power consumption was V
t〉=V
0-Δ V
0-n * Δ V=3.112V.Concrete data are as shown in table 1:
Table 1.
Show that according to data in the table two cells of F20, F38 are bigger than normal from power consumption, should give rejecting.Other cell meets manufacturing technique requirent from the power consumption level, can carry out combo.
According to the inventive method, cell is shelved open-circuit voltage V after 7 days
tCarry out stepping, i.e. 3.112V≤V take 10mV as a class
t＜3.122V is a class, 3.122V≤V
t＜3.132V is a class, 3.132V≤V
t＜3.142V is a class, 3.142V≤V
t＜3.152V is a class.Be combined into battery pack with voltage class cell.
Checking: as stated above, can select F1, F2, F3, F5, F6, F7, F8, the F9 combo becomes the 1P-8S battery pack, the 6A constant-current charge is to 29.2V, then turns the 29.2V constant-voltage charge and ends to 600mA; The 6A constant-current discharge ended to 16V after charging was finished.Discharge and recharge system with this and circulated for 5 weeks, record battery power discharge capacity and discharge cut-off average mark voltage.After the final step discharge is finished, use above-mentioned charging system to be full of electricity battery pack, normal temperature shelf one month then discharges and recharges battery pack with above-mentioned charge and discharge system degree again, record battery power discharge capacity and discharge cut-off voltage, and with shelve front battery set charge/discharge performance and compare.Concrete data are as shown in table 2:
Table 2
Can be found out that by table 2 data battery pack discharge capacity, component voltage before and after shelving have good uniformity.
Embodiment 2: our company produces 11585135Fe type ferric phosphate lithium ion battery, nominal voltage 3.2V, and rated capacity 10Ah, according to production friendship phase requirement, it is 10 days that the cell charging is accomplished to the time that enters packing.
According to the inventive method, after the cell forming and capacity dividing is finished, select the capacity class at 10.6～10.7Ah, 0.5 C
5The cell of discharge 3.0V platform 〉=100 minutes, internal resistance≤7m Ω uses 0.1C
5Constant-current charge is to voltage V
0Be 3.15V, then constant voltage is that 3.15V carries out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.01 C
5Time charging stops, and then cell is carried out normal temperature shelf and measures battery open circuit voltage after 10 days, rejects from power consumption cell bigger than normal.
According to the inventive method, selected Δ V
0Be 10mV, Δ V is 2mV, and the n value is 20.Therefore, when cell is shelved 10 days, be V from the criterion of the qualified cell open-circuit voltage of power consumption
t〉=V
0-Δ V
0-n * Δ V=3.10V.Concrete data are as shown in table 3:
Table 3.
Show that according to data in the table two cells of E10, E31 are bigger than normal from power consumption, should give rejecting.Other cell meets manufacturing technique requirent from the power consumption level, can carry out combo.According to the inventive method, cell is shelved open-circuit voltage V after 10 days
tTake 10mV＜carry out stepping, i.e. 3.100V≤V as a class
t＜3.110V is a class, 3.110V≤V
t＜3.120V is a class, 3.120V≤V
t＜3.130V is a class, 3.130V≤V
t＜3.140V is a class.Be combined into battery pack with voltage class cell.
Checking: as stated above, can select E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E9, E11, the E12 combo becomes the 1P-8S battery pack, the 5A constant-current charge is to 29.2V, then turns the 29.2V constant-voltage charge and ends to 500mA; The 5A constant-current discharge ended to 16V after charging was finished.Discharge and recharge system with this and circulated for 5 weeks, record battery power discharge capacity and discharge cut-off average mark voltage.After the final step discharge is finished, use above-mentioned charging system to be full of electricity battery pack, normal temperature shelf one month then discharges and recharges battery pack with above-mentioned charge and discharge system degree again, record battery power discharge capacity and discharge cut-off voltage, and with shelve front battery set charge/discharge performance and compare.Concrete data are as shown in table 4:
Table 4
Can be found out that by table 4 data battery pack discharge capacity, component voltage before and after shelving have good uniformity.
Claims (2)
1. lithium secondary battery uniformity screening technique, cell when partial volume detects to capacity, platform, internal resistance, from the power consumption stepping, it is characterized in that: cell is used the multi-stage constant current constant-voltage charge,
First paragraph uses 0.3C
5～5C
5Constant-current charge is to voltage V
0, then constant voltage is V
0Carry out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.1C
5～0.3C
5Stopping to charge with turning shelves;
Second segment is shelved after 5～30 minutes and is continued with 0.1C
5～0.3C
5Constant-current charge is to voltage V
0, then constant voltage is V
0Carry out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.05C
5～0.1C
5Stopping to charge with turning shelves;
The 3rd section, shelve after 5～30 minutes and continue with 0.05C
5～0.1C
5Constant-current charge is to voltage V
0, then constant voltage is V
0Carry out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.03C
5～0.05C
5Stopping to charge with turning shelves;
The 4th section, shelve after 5～30 minutes and continue with 0.03C
5～0.05C
5Constant-current charge is to voltage V
0, then constant voltage is V
0Carry out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.01C
5～0.03C
5Stop charging;
After charging is finished cell is carried out normal temperature shelf, shelve duration and be not less than 24h, shelve when ending cell open-circuit voltage V
tMeasure open-circuit voltage V
t〉=V
0-Δ V
0-n * Δ V cell is judged to be qualified cell, simultaneously, for qualified cell according to V
tSize is carried out the voltage stepping with the class of 1～20mV, carries out combo with the class cell, Δ V
0Span is 5～20mV, and Δ V span is 1～5mV, C
5Be rated capacity, n is for shelving half fate.
2. lithium secondary battery uniformity screening technique, cell when partial volume detects to capacity, platform, internal resistance, from the power consumption stepping, it is characterized in that: cell is used 0.1C
5～5C
5Constant-current charge is to voltage V
0, then constant voltage is V
0Carry out constant-voltage charge, when charging current is 0.01 C
5～0.1C
5Charging stops, and then cell is carried out normal temperature shelf, shelves duration and is not less than 24h, shelves when ending cell open-circuit voltage V
tMeasure open-circuit voltage V
t〉=V
0-Δ V
0-n * Δ V cell is judged to be qualified cell; Simultaneously, for qualified cell according to V
tSize is carried out the voltage stepping with the class of 1～20mV, carries out combo with the class cell, Δ V
0Span is 5～20mV, and Δ V span is 1～5mV, C
5Be rated capacity, n is for shelving half fate.
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Address after: 511475, Guangdong, Guangzhou province Nansha District Tung Chung Town fine Lek Village (factory building two) (plant three) Patentee after: Guangzhou FULLRIVER Battery New Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 511400, No. 22 East embankment road, Shiqiao street, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Panyu District Patentee before: Guangzhou FULLRIVER Battery New Technology Co., Ltd. |