CN101814640A - CC-CV charging method for improved power lithium ion battery - Google Patents
CC-CV charging method for improved power lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN101814640A CN101814640A CN201010167742A CN201010167742A CN101814640A CN 101814640 A CN101814640 A CN 101814640A CN 201010167742 A CN201010167742 A CN 201010167742A CN 201010167742 A CN201010167742 A CN 201010167742A CN 101814640 A CN101814640 A CN 101814640A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of the lithium ion batteries, in particular to a CC-CV charging method for an improved power lithium ion battery. The charging method comprises the following steps of: firstly, pre-charging the lithium ion battery by adopting 0.1C-0.3C current; enhancing the charging current to the constant charging stage when the charging capacity reaches 5% of the total capacity of the battery; and entering the constant voltage charging stage when the polarization voltage of the battery is abrupt. When the battery is at an environmental temperature of 20-45 DEG C, the charging current formula adopted in the constant current stage is ICC=KC*CA, wherein KC represents the charging and discharging multiplying power efficient at constant temperature of the battery, CA represents the actual capacity of the batter, and Kc is usually 0.5-1. In the method, the external characteristic parameters of the battery are fully taken into consideration, and the charging efficiency and service life of the battery are taken into account.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, be specifically related to the charging method of lithium ion battery.
Background technology
At present, power lithium-ion battery generally adopts traditional first constant current constant voltage (CC-CV) charging modes again.In this mode, constant-current phase adopts fixing low range electric current (being generally 0.3C) that battery is charged, when reaching charging voltage upper limit limit value (being generally 4.2V), be converted to the mode of constant voltage and current limiting again, keep the constant charging current that progressively reduces of charging voltage, reduce to enough little (being generally 0.05C) to charging current and then finish charging process.There is following shortcoming in this traditional C C-CV charging modes: (1) because in the battery charge starting stage, the polarization phenomena of battery are very obvious, the polarizing voltage increase is very fast in the charging process.Traditional C C-CV charging modes does not consider that the battery initial condition changes, and the beginning charging stage just adopts big electric current (0.3C-1C) to charge, and causes the rapid rising in charging initial stage polarizing voltage, causes shorten the useful life of battery.(2) in the CC-CV charging process, the constant current charge process is the quick charge process of battery, and the main purpose of constant current charge is to improve the charging current of battery, charges into than multicapacity in the short as far as possible time, realizes the rapidity of charging.But the constant current charge process of traditional C C-CV charging modes owing to adopt charging current multiplying power low (0.3C-0.4C), can not be given full play to the high magnification characteristic of power lithium-ion battery, causes the charging interval of actual battery long, and the utilization ratio of battery reduces.(3) key point that constant voltage is the CC-CV charging is changeed in constant current, and the end that constant voltage means quickly charging battery is changeed in constant current, completely fills the beginning of process.According to two end effects of battery as can be known,,, reduce the polarizing voltage of battery, be implemented in upper voltage limit permission situation and be issued to maximum charging capacity by reducing the mode of charging current in constant-voltage phase.The starting point that constant voltage is changeed in the constant current of traditional C C-CV charging method is typically chosen in the moment that battery terminal voltage reaches upper voltage limit.Yet battery polarization voltage was undergone mutation constantly at this, had reached big amplitude.Therefore, mostly traditional constant voltage charge stage is to carry out constant voltage charge in the polarizing voltage higher point, and terminal voltage keeps the very high charging of finishing, and makes battery life be subjected to very big influence.And in this stage, the polarizing voltage rate of change is higher, the terminal voltage control space of battery is less, the hysteresis quality of battery polarization phenomenon in addition, battery terminal voltage is difficult to long-term control and charges below upper voltage limit, and therefore, the electric current decline process of battery is very fast, directly influence the battery charge capacity, prolonged constant voltage charging time.(4) do not consider the influence of charging temperature and battery capacity.Traditional C C-CV charging method, variation of ambient temperature, and charging current immobilizes, this is very big to the charge efficiency influence; After inducing capacity fading appearred in battery, the charging current of identical multiplying power correspondence also can change, if adopt the electric current of former rated capacity correspondence that battery is charged, the polarization phenomena of battery and heating phenomenon are serious.Therefore, need carry out the capacity correction, simultaneously charging current be revised, could guarantee the fail safe and the non-destructive of battery charge the battery after aging.
In sum, adopt traditional CC-CV charging modes to have problems, demand urgently improving and solving power lithium-ion battery.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention need solve is to provide a kind of modified model CC-CV charging method at the power lithium-ion battery characteristic, effectively improves the charging capacity and the charge efficiency of battery, takes into account the battery long-life and utilizes with efficient.
For addressing the above problem, the basic technical scheme that the present invention taked is: modified model power lithium-ion battery CC-CV charging method the steps include:
(1) at first adopt 0.1C ~ 0.3C electric current that lithium ion battery is carried out precharge;
(2) when charging capacity reach battery total capacity 5% the time, promote charging current and enter the constant current charge stage;
(3) when the battery polarization voltage jump, enter the constant voltage charge stage.
Concrete, the electric current in described constant current charge stage is got I
CC=(K
T* K
C) * (K
A* C
N)=K
C' * C
A, wherein, K
CThe actual multiplying power coefficient of ' expression battery, K
C'=K
C* K
T, K
CBe battery normal temperature charge-discharge magnification, K
TTemperature coefficient for battery; C
AThe actual capacity of expression battery, C
A=K
A* C
N, C
NBe the rated capacity of battery, K
AInducing capacity fading coefficient for battery.
When described battery was 20-45 ℃ in ambient temperature, the temperature coefficient of battery was got K
T=1, battery normal temperature charge-discharge magnification is got K
C=(0.5～1).
Compared with prior art, described method takes into full account battery external characteristic parameter, take into account battery charge efficient and useful life, its concrete beneficial effect is: the pre-charge process of (1) described charging method can be alleviated the battery polarization voltage build-up rate, current stress is dropped to minimum, avoid at the starting stage battery because capacitance loss that the electric current ability to accept causes a little less than and polarization increase; (2) described method is suitably adjusted constant current charge stage electric current according to ambient temperature, further improves battery charge fail safe and charge efficiency; (3) described method selects the sudden change flex point of battery polarization voltage to enter the starting point of constant-voltage phase as constant-current phase, the polarizing voltage platform is reduced, reduce the charging voltage of constant-voltage phase, increased the adjustment space of constant-voltage phase charging current, effectively prolonged battery useful life.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the charge graph of improving one's methods of the present invention.
Embodiment
For the ease of it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Charging method of the present invention, step is as follows:
(1) adopt 0.1C ~ 0.3C electric current that lithium ion battery is carried out precharge.
Power lithium-ion battery is very fast in charging starting stage polarizing voltage increase, and precharge can be alleviated the polarizing voltage climbing, current stress is dropped to minimum, avoids at the starting stage battery because capacitance loss that the electric current ability to accept causes a little less than and polarization increase.In the precharge link, the charging current of battery adopts 0.1C the best, and when charging capacity reached 5%, the charging current of battery raise and enters the constant current charge stage.
(2) enter constant current charge.The multiplying power property of battery is a temperature influence, and ambient temperature is between 20 ℃-45 ℃ the time, and the water conservancy diversion of battery and multiplying power property are all better; And below 0 ℃ or more than 50 ℃ the time, inside battery active material the two poles of the earth phenomenon is obvious: during low temperature the battery activity a little less than, the battery polarization internal resistance is bigger, embedding lithium difficulty; High-temperature condition battery activity is too strong, and thermal runaway and inducing capacity fading easily take place the two poles of the earth instability, and therefore, the charging current in constant current charge stage need be carried out suitable correction with temperature.
Constant current charge electric current innovation representation of the present invention: I
CC=K
C* C
NK wherein
CThe normal temperature charge-discharge magnification coefficient of expression battery, C
NThe rated capacity of expression battery.
After battery enters constant current charge from precharge, at first according to actual battery inducing capacity fading COEFFICIENT K
ARevise the actual capacity of battery, the actual capacity of battery equals the rated capacity C of battery
NMultiply by the inducing capacity fading COEFFICIENT K of battery
A, i.e. C
A=K
A* C
N
Next is according to the charge-discharge magnification of the temperature correction battery of battery, and the charge-discharge magnification of battery reality equals the temperature coefficient K that battery normal temperature charge-discharge magnification multiply by battery
T, i.e. K
C'=K
C* K
T
After the correction of two steps, the final expression formula that can obtain the constant current charge electric current is:
I
CC＝(K
T×K
C)×(K
A×C
N)＝K
C′×C
A；
0＜K wherein
T＜1,0＜K
C＜1,0＜K
A＜1, K
CThe actual multiplying power coefficient of ' expression battery, C
AThe actual capacity of expression battery.
The rate of charge characteristic of battery is determined by temperature in the following formula, temperature not simultaneously, battery charge multiplying power difference; The actual capacity of battery is decided by the inducing capacity fading coefficient of battery, the battery of different degree of agings, and actual capacity is variant.
Battery under optimum temperature (20 ℃-45 ℃) situation, the temperature coefficient K of battery
T=1, the optimum temperature charging current is:
I
CC=K
C* (K
A* C
N)=K
C* C
A, then charging current is decided by the best multiplying power coefficient and the actual capacity of battery.
Therefore, when the present invention was 20 ℃-45 ℃ in ambient temperature, the charging current formula that constant-current phase adopts was I
CC=K
C* C
AK
CThe normal temperature charge-discharge magnification coefficient of expression battery, C
AThe actual capacity of expression battery, Kc gets 0.5-1 usually.
(3) when the battery polarization voltage jump, enter the constant voltage charge stage.The sudden change flex point of selecting battery polarization voltage enters the starting point of constant-current phase as constant-current phase, can reduce the charging upper voltage limit of battery, and then shorten the charging interval of battery, prolongs the useful life of battery.
The present invention adopts following manner that battery polarization voltage is carried out ONLINE RECOGNITION:
(1) internal resistance is calculated: when the battery that is in the constant current charge state stopped charging suddenly, the instantaneous voltage of test battery fell the recovery process with battery, according to leaving standstill the method for identification principle, appoints and gets two point voltages and current value, obtains internal resistance of cell R
d=(V
1-V
2)/(I
1-I
2).
(2) OCV-SOC (battery open circuit voltage and residual capacity) curve processing: the OCV-SOC characteristic curve to battery carries out orderly spaced points measurement by experiment, and according to measurement point whole OCV-SOC curve is carried out piece-wise linearization and handle, and can get:
Following formula is the piecewise function of SOC, and it can carry out piecewise linearity to the battery open circuit voltage curve describes, and simplifies the complexity of curve.H (i) wherein, B (i), i=0,1,2 ... 19 are respectively each section slope of a curve and the intercept on Y-axis.
(3) polarizing voltage on-line tracing: by measuring the terminal voltage of battery, the state-of-charge SOC of estimating battery utilizes the open circuit voltage curve, can get: U
P=U
O-U
OCV-U
R=U
O-f (SOC)-I * R
d, wherein, U
OCVThe open circuit voltage of battery, U
RBe ohm voltage drop.Therefore, the polarizing voltage U by this formula real-time online counting cell
p
The present invention carries out on-line tracing identification by above-mentioned three steps to the polarizing voltage of battery, judges the real-time status of polarizing voltage, and the catastrophe point of selecting the polarizing voltage platform later stage is as the time point that falls electric current.
As Fig. 1, be the charge graph of improving one's methods of the present invention.From figure as can be seen, modified model CC-CV charging method of the present invention has been taken into account battery charge efficient and charging life-span, it limits by the constant voltage charge stage voltage in battery charge initial period and end, has weakened the influence of battery two end effects to battery life; When the battery charge amount is high, increase charging current simultaneously, improve battery charge efficient.
Claims (4)
1. modified model power lithium-ion battery CC-CV charging method the steps include:
(1) at first adopt 0.1C ~ 0.3C electric current that lithium ion battery is carried out precharge;
(2) when charging capacity reach battery total capacity 5% the time, promote charging current and enter the constant current charge stage;
(3) when the battery polarization voltage jump, enter the constant voltage charge stage.
2. modified model power lithium-ion battery CC-CV charging method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the electric current I in described constant current charge stage
CC=(K
T* K
C) * (K
A* C
N)=K
C' * C
A, wherein, K
CThe actual multiplying power coefficient of ' expression battery, K
C'=K
C* K
T, K
CBe battery normal temperature charge-discharge magnification, K
TTemperature coefficient for battery; C
AThe actual capacity of expression battery, C
A=K
A* C
N, C
NBe the rated capacity of battery, K
AInducing capacity fading coefficient for battery.
3. modified model power lithium-ion battery CC-CV charging method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: when described battery was 20-45 ℃ in ambient temperature, the temperature coefficient of battery was got K
T=1, battery normal temperature charge-discharge magnification is got K
C=(0.5～1).
4. modified model power lithium-ion battery CC-CV charging method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the recognition methods of the described battery polarization voltage jump point of step (3) is:
A, measurement and counting cell internal resistance;
B, the external voltage OCV-SOC characteristic curve of battery carried out orderly spaced points measure, according to measurement point the OCV-SOC curve is carried out piece-wise linearization and handle, the piecewise function of SOC:
H (i) wherein, B (i), i=0,1,2 ... 19 are respectively each section slope of a curve and intercept;
C, according to U
P=U
O-U
OCV-U
R=U
O-f (SOC)-I * R
dThe polarizing voltage U of real-time online counting cell
p, U
OCVThe open circuit voltage of battery, U
RBe ohm voltage drop, identification polarizing voltage catastrophe point.
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