CN1028575C - Magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet and control circuit thereof - Google Patents

Magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet and control circuit thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1028575C
CN1028575C CN 89105949 CN89105949A CN1028575C CN 1028575 C CN1028575 C CN 1028575C CN 89105949 CN89105949 CN 89105949 CN 89105949 A CN89105949 A CN 89105949A CN 1028575 C CN1028575 C CN 1028575C
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magnetic
solenoid
electromagnet
moving
holding type
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CN 89105949
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CN1050463A (en
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张凡
周继辉
廖平
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Sichuan Xinxing Electrical Applied Technology Research Institute
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Sichuan Xinxing Electrical Applied Technology Research Institute
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a magnet holding traction electromagnet and the controlled circuit thereof, belonging to the field of low voltage electrical machines. The present invention mode is an electric operating mechanism matching installed on an electrical apparatus such as an electromagnetic valve, an electromagnetic relay, a magnetic starter, a contactor and an electromagnetic brake and the control circuit for special purpose. The field coil is cut off automatically after the electric magnet attracts. The present invention has the advantages of moment energizing attracting, permanent magnetism holding self-preservation, moment energizing releasing, high efficiency, power save, ultra-high-speed action, high dependability, saving copper material, no need of silicon steel sheet, and easy producing. The optimum power save rate can reach by about 99.9%, and the present invention can be formed hundreds of improvers matching for the electrical machine above.

Description

Magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet and control circuit thereof
Magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet, changing for product of a kind of efficient electricity-saving belongs to the low-voltage electrical mechanical field.It is the supporting motor-operating mechanism that is installed on the electromechanical devices such as electromagnetically operated valve, electromagnetic relay, magnetic starter, contactor, electromagnetic brake, its effect is that valve plug, valve rod or electromagnetic relay, magnetic starter, the moving contact rack of contactor or the band-type brake of electromagnetic brake that the control tractive electromagnet drives done relative motion, thereby reaches the purpose that opens and closes electromagnetic valve or deciliter electromagnetic relay, magnetic starter, contactor electrical contact or deciliter electromagnetic brake brake shoe.
In prior art, US4442418 provides and has used a pair of ceramic permanent magnet to constitute the technical scheme of an electromagnet, its main deficiency be in: electromagnet is in dispose procedure, and the electromagnetism magnetic line of force in the work magnetic circuit passes opposite direction permanent magnet and the latter is demagnetized.
CN85205277U provide a kind of with energy storage capacitor realize handling the technical scheme of magnetic-holding electric magnet adhesive or release, its main deficiency is in open concrete structure and the operation principle of describing design, thereby can't be implemented.In addition, comprise above-mentioned prior art exists two essence all the time at all interior magnetic-holding electric magnets defective: first, the magnetic confining force of magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet is big not enough, and the magnetic energy product of permanent magnet does not obtain sufficient development and utilization, and the magnetic structure design is also unreasonable.The second, tractive electromagnet can't automatically return to release condition when the unexpected dead electricity of field power supply after magnetic keeps " self-locking ".Like this, the step-out of supply voltage and tractive electromagnet operating state may cause huge " self-starting " impulse current, makes device damage, and technological process destroys, even causes serious accident such as grid disconnection.
The present invention is different with above-mentioned prior art, its objective is provides a kind of magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet new, dynamical closed work magnetic circuit that has, shape and relative position to some core component in the magnetic circuit are made special constraint qualification, main flux with the electromagnetism magnetic line of force and permanent-magnet line in the assurance tractive electromagnet work magnetic circuit can pass the main air gap of work of magnetic circuit with the deflection (parallel each other) of the best, thereby produces a kind of Electromagnetic Control and all very high novel magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet of permanent magnetism control (magnetic maintenance) sensitivity.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of technical scheme of handling magnetic-holding electric magnet: only use a solenoid just can handle adhesive and release condition that magnetic keeps tractive electromagnet, the tractive electromagnet that makes magnetic remain on attracting state when field power supply disappears returns release condition automatically.
The 3rd purpose of the present invention provide a kind of QA, be suitable for efficient electricity-saving tractive electromagnet frequent operation, silent running, improve the functional reliability and the electric arc extinction performance of controlled device significantly.
The 4th purpose of the present invention provides a kind of new solution that designs solenoid: its electromagnetic wire sectional area is selected for use by moment overload overcurrent operational mode without exception.For example, can go out the magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet solenoid of a reliably working by the overcurrent standard design of specified safe carrying capacity more than 20 times, thereby save a large amount of copper materials, dwindle the machine volume that magnetic keeps tractive electromagnet.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet:
It is by upper magnet yoke [1], fixing magnetic core [2], permanent magnet [3], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], solenoid [6], bobbin [7], moving [8] unshakable in one's determination, composition such as back-moving spring [9] element of etc.ing.Central part in upper magnet yoke [1] is vertically installed a fixedly magnetic core [2], is symmetry axis with their central axial line, and permanent magnet [3] sticking is in place on the plane, the left and right sides of upper magnet yoke [1], and the symmetrical too sticking of side magnetic yoke [4] is on permanent magnet [3].Solenoid [6] be one flat around coil, insert in the space be fixed on fixedly magnetic core [2] and permanent magnet [3] bottom with bobbin [7] of vertical central axis hole, in case of necessity, its lower wing plate is pressed on the horizontal position of side magnetic yoke [4], makes two contact planes up and down of permanent magnet [3] can access certain interference fit.Lower yoke [5] is sleeved on the upper end of side magnetic yoke [4] and bobbin [7], and its outside faying face forms good location with side magnetic yoke [4] and cooperates, and inboard vertical plane then constitutes, and [8] unshakable in one's determination a regularization, moving insert the guide rail bearing that slides.Back-moving spring [9] is a stage clip, be sleeved on the outside table top of fixing magnetic core [2], work in coordination with the deadweight of moving unshakable in one's determination [8], make magnetic keep tractive electromagnet under release condition, to keep enough wide working gas gap and provide the necessary moment of reaction controlled device (as the moving contact rack of electromagnetic relay, contactor, valve plug etc.).In a word, above-mentioned magnetic keeps all elements of tractive electromagnet, no matter in geometry, the installation site, structural behaviour, the magnetic property aspect, without exception with upper magnet yoke [1], fixedly the central axial line of magnetic core [2] is a symmetry axis, constitute some groups of symmetrical work magnetic circuits, promptly by upper magnet yoke [1], permanent magnet [3], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], moving [8] unshakable in one's determination, the fixedly closed permanent magnetism polarization magnetic circuit of magnetic core [2] formation and fixedly magnetic core [2], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], the electromagnetic circuit that moving [8] unshakable in one's determination constitute, these two magnetic circuits are in work, based on the These characteristics of structural design of the present invention, the main flux that forces the permanent-magnet line and the electromagnetism magnetic line of force is passed fixedly magnetic core [2] each other abreast with the deflection of the best, the magnetic circuit master working gas gap that forms between moving [8] unshakable in one's determination.
In addition, in order more effectively to improve the service behaviour of magnetic circuit, a new solution provided by the invention is to the glade plane space that forms between lower yoke [5] and moving [8] unshakable in one's determination and cooperates the area size to carry out the dual control of appropriateness, for example the gap is compressed to about tens of microns, increase the magnetic resistance that cooperates area to make the area place that is slidingly matched simultaneously and descend, have enough fast movement rate and enough big magnetic confining force to satisfy moving [8] unshakable in one's determination.For the balance regulation relation between the electromagnetism adhesive moment, magnetic holding torque and the release moment three that take into account magnetic maintenance tractive electromagnet simultaneously, another new solution provided by the invention is the axial height H of regulation magnetic core [2] 1Must be greater than the axial height H of permanent magnet [3] 2And put in the interior enough axial height H of solenoid [6] 3, in anti-discharge (release) process, have enough electromagnetism magnetic lines of force and permanent-magnet line oppositely to superpose to satisfy electromagnet, thereby reach necessary release control sensitivity.
The 3rd new solution provided by the invention is mounted in two planes up and down of the permanent magnet [3] of described electromagnet central axial line both sides, its permanent magnetic polarity should be opposite each other, for example working as last plane is that N polarity chron lower plane is a S polarity, and last plane is that S polarity chron lower plane is a N polarity.
Aspect material structure, permanent magnet [3] is preferably selected hard ferrite or other permanent magnetic material of high-coercivity for use, upper magnet yoke [1], fixedly magnetic core [2], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], moving [8] unshakable in one's determination can be selected the little electrical pure iron of remanent magnetism or other ferrimagnet for use, and bobbin [7] should be selected the hard non-magnet material for use.
Fig. 2 is the pulse control unit electrical block diagram that magnetic keeps the tractive electromagnet special use: AC power [17], rectification circuit [16] provides essential excitation dc power for solenoid [6], capacitor [10] is serially connected in the excitation main circuit, both can be arranged on positive terminal, also can reconfiguration to negative pole end, this capacitor [10] does not allow to occur the self-sustained oscillation phenomenon with the equivalent electric circuit that D.C. resistance, inductance, the distributed capacitance of solenoid [6] are formed.Be attempted by on the field power supply of capacitor [10] inlet wire side after switch [12] and current limiting element [11] series connection: the former can be for example conventional push button or an one pole diverter switch etc. of a kind of hand switch, also can be for example thyristor or transistor etc. of a kind of electronic switch (containing electromagnetic switch); The latter can be for example resistor or an inductor etc. of a kind of common voltage drop element, also can be a kind of electronic pressure-regulating component such as automatic control pressure regulation transistor etc.Supply voltage sampler [14] is selected electronic component or electromagnetic component for example light-emitting diode, pulse transformer, electromagnetic relay etc. usually for use, and trigger [13] is then selected corresponding light-sensitive element or pulse transformer etc. for use.Diode [15] should be serially connected in the anodal main circuit of inlet wire side of current limiting element [11] and switch [12], plays non-return buffer action (supply voltage sampler [14] is also received the AC power rear flank and can be given cancellation).
In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, operation principle of the present invention is summarized as follows: during initial bit, magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet moving [8] unshakable in one's determination and the main working gas gap that fixedly forms between magnetic core [2] have certain width, at this moment, its magnetic resistance in permanent magnetism polarization magnetic circuit is high value, under the reaction force of back-moving spring [9], this electromagnet is in release condition.When connecting AC power [17], capacitor [10] momentary charge, for solenoid [6] provides a huge pulsed operation electric current, the sense of current is K (+)-G (-)Permanent-magnet line in the work magnetic circuit and the stack of electromagnetism magnetic line of force forward, moving [8] adhesive unshakable in one's determination, at this moment, the width of described main working gas gap trends towards zero (on fixedly magnetic core [2], moving [8] contact matching face machining accuracy unshakable in one's determination are decided), and its magnetic resistance is low resistance, and capacitor [10] enters " every straight " energy storage state because of being full of electric charge, solenoid [6] is dead electricity automatically, and moving [8] magnetic under the effect of permanent magnetism polar system unshakable in one's determination remains on attracting state.Cause the field power supply dead electricity (containing normal separating brake process) of solenoid [6] interior along with a certain reason, supply voltage sampler [14] sends out corresponding electricity, light or an electromagnetic pulse signal, promote trigger [13] work, the pulse signal of output electricity, light or a magnetoelectricity, (electronics) switch [12] is connected, the energy that capacitor [10] stores up constitutes an anti-discharge loop through (electronics) switch [12], current limiting element [11], solenoid [6], and the sense of current is G (+)-K (-), the electromagnetism magnetic line of force of the permanent-magnet line of polar system and electromagnetic system oppositely superposes in the tractive electromagnet work magnetic circuit, because the reaction force of back-moving spring [9], moving [8] unshakable in one's determination return to release condition immediately.
It needs to be noted, selecting for use and working of permanent magnet [3] and back-moving spring [9] is one group of diametrically opposite contradiction: when permanent-magnet pieces [3] is used the permanent magnetic material of high energy product instead, shorten the pickup time of magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet, the magnetic holding torque strengthens, but increase release time relatively, discharges control sensitivity and descend to some extent; When back-moving spring [9] was used the stage clip of high-tension instead, increased the pickup time of electromagnet, and the magnetic holding torque weakens, and discharges control sensitivity and improve, and accelerate release time.Therefore as long as selecting for use of permanent magnet [3] and back-moving spring [9] carried out suitable optimization to be cooperated, the present invention can provide a kind of highly sensitive magnetic QA, that be suitable for frequent operation to keep tractive electromagnet.
Fig. 1 is again the embodiment of a magnetic freeze mode A.C. contactor.Upper magnet yoke [1]-back-moving spring [9] constitutes described magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet.[18] be the moving contact rack of contactor, [19] be moving contact, [20] be the moving contact fixator pins, [21] be the moving contact stage clip, [22] be fixed contact, [23] are printed circuit board (PCB), and described capacitor [10], current limiting element [11], switch [12], trigger [13], supply voltage sampler [14], diode [15], rectification circuit [16] etc. are housed on it, [24] be the closure casing of contactor, [25] are the ac excitation power supply lead-in wire.Moving [8] unshakable in one's determination link with moving contact rack [18] rigidity, and total overall dimension is identical with the CJ20-40A A.C. contactor, and electric tie lines is also compatible fully.
Fig. 3 shows the embodiment of a magnetic freeze mode electromagnetically operated valve.It constitutes described magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet by upper magnet yoke [1]-back-moving spring [9].[26] be the fixing clamp nut of core [2], [27] be sealing valve core cover, the use non-magnet material is made, can be considered expansion (thickening) part of bobbin [7] in principle, [28] are the rigidity connecting rod, and [29] are valve plug, [30] be the valve plug cylinder, [31] be valve seat, [32] are valve gap, and [33] are formations such as sealing ring.
Fig. 4 shows the principle tie lines figure of a magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet control circuit embodiment.Current limiting element [11] adopts resistor, switch [12] is high back-pressure transistor, trigger [13] is composed in series by phototriode and resistor R 2, it both provided bias current for the former, the integrating resistor that provides base current to hold a concurrent post capacitor C2 simultaneously for switch [12] prevents that switch [12] from misleading trying to be the first in a flash of power switch of connection again.Resistor R 1 becomes supply voltage sampler [14] with the light emitting diode string joint group, the output voltage of capacitor C1 piece of smooth current circuit [16] exempts to make the phototriode of trigger [13], is moving near pulsating direct current electrical zero mistiming.[34] be the optocoupler integral device, it is by a light-emitting diode and phototriode is supporting assembles.[35] be main order control contact, it makes capacitor [10] charging, solenoid [6] forward conduction when closed, tractive electromagnet magnetic keeps adhesive, " every straight " energy storage after charging finishes, when main order control contact [35] disjunction (or AC power dead electricity), through the non-return effect of diode [15], make solenoid [6] reverse-conducting, magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet discharges automatically.This shows that the present principles tie lines is the complete compatible control circuit of a kind of and common alternating current tracting magnet.
Fig. 5 shows the principle tie lines figure of another embodiment of control circuit of the present invention.Different with Fig. 4: switch [12] adopts thyristor, has increased a diode T5 newly, plays the anti-interference effect of step-down.Remaining circuit element numbering and operation principle are described identical with Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 shows the principle tie lines figure of the 3rd embodiment of control circuit of the present invention.Switch [12] is an one pole diverter switch, and current limiting element [11] is a resistor, when console switch is connected cathode power supply, and solenoid [6] forward conduction, tractive electromagnet adhesive and magnetic keep; Again during actuating switch connection current limiting element [11] (position that shows as this figure), solenoid [6] reverse-conducting, tractive electromagnet is returned to release condition.
Fig. 7 shows the principle tie lines figure of the 4th embodiment of control circuit of the present invention.The supply voltage sampler is the magnet exciting coil [35] of a voltage relay, and electromagnetic switch [12] is a pair of switching contact of this relay, removes in addition, and the remaining circuit element number of this figure is described identical with Fig. 4 with operation principle.
In mid-June, 1989, the inventor has developed first magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet model machine according to defined terms of the present invention, and has set about carrying out making the relevant preparation of producing.In order to solve the problem compatible with existing standard contactor housing " change generation ", the inventor continues to develop second generation model machine again, and supporting being installed on electromagnetically operated valve and the contactor obtained very good economical and technical benefit.
Fact proved that the major advantage that the present invention has is:
1. the operating characteristic of ultrahigh speed action can reach the Millisecond standard.First model machine developing of the inventor for example, total travel is 8 millimeters, the adhesive of actual measurement is not more than 2 millimeters (30 mean values) operate time.
2. highly reliable operating characteristic depends primarily on permanent magnetic material and simple control circuit that magnetic keeps operation not have continuous mechanical vibration source and traditional pyrotoxin (magnet exciting coil, short-circuited conducting sleeve) and used high-quality, so be suitable for frequent operation.
3. efficient electricity-saving characteristic, be because magnet exciting coil only in the momentary pulse electricity consumption (the pulsewidth maximum is hundred Milliseconds, and minimum value is a Millisecond) of modifier operating state.Also changing of control circuit at milliwatt to hundred milliwatt inter-stage from power consumption.Power saving rate becomes with the connection coefficient of power consumption equipment, compares with existing like product, and optimum value can reach about 99.9%.
4. magnet exciting coil adopts DC power supply without exception, compares with electromechanical devices such as existing alternating current electromagnetic valve, magnetic starter, contactors, has saved a large amount of reactive powers, has improved the power factor of power supply grid.
5. the magnet exciting coil electromagnetic wire is selected for use by moment overload overcurrent operational mode, has saved copper material, has dwindled the tractive electromagnet volume, has alleviated weight.
6. the silicon steel sheet that has replaced the heavy price that tradition is used in magnetic starter, the contactor with a large amount of mild steel.
7. simplify production technology, improved the arc extinction performance of electromagnetic relay switch device.
8. compatible entirely with existing similar alterating and direct current device of air on control circuit.
It is to be noted at last: for general professional and technical personnel, adopt control circuit of the present invention and suitably select current limiting element [11] for use, go for equally any type of, utilize all kinds of magnetic-holding electric magnets that electromagnet core remanent magnetism principle is made into or the permanent magnetism of other type to keep electromagnet, undoubtedly, they all can't run off basic technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1, magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet, comprise upper magnet yoke [1], fixing magnetic core [2], permanent magnet [3], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], solenoid [6], bobbin [7], moving [8] and back-moving spring [9] unshakable in one's determination, central axis with fixing magnetic core [2] and moving [8] unshakable in one's determination is a symmetry axis, be formed on geometry, the installation site, structural behaviour, the symmetrical work magnetic circuit in magnetic property aspect, wherein permanent magnetic circuit is closed symmetrical magnetic circuits when electromagnetic actuation, permanent-magnet line and the main flux of the electromagnetism magnetic line of force pass the main working gas gap of moving [8] unshakable in one's determination and parallel each other in the described magnetic circuit, it is characterized in that:
A, the polarity on two planes up and down of permanent magnet [3] that is installed in the central axis both sides are opposite each other;
B, be provided with moving [8] unshakable in one's determination at the central part of lower yoke [5] and insert the guide rail bearing that slides, it has the inboard vertical plane of regularization, and described inboard vertical plane can be compressed to tens of microns with glade plane space between moving [8] unshakable in one's determination, and can increase its cooperation area.
2, by the magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet of claim 1 regulation, it is characterized in that the fixedly axial height [H of magnetic core [2] 1] must be greater than the axial height [H of permanent magnet [3] 2] and put in the interior enough axial height [H of solenoid [6] 3].
3, the magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet of stipulating by claim 1, the electromagnetic wire sectional area that it is characterized in that solenoid [6] is selected for use by moment overload overcurrent operational mode without exception, allows to make solenoid [6] with the standard design of the specified safe carrying capacity of this electromagnetic wire more than 20 times.
4, the magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet of stipulating by claim 1, it is characterized in that the magnetic energy product of permanent magnet [3] and the elastic force size of back-moving spring [9] carry out different apolegamys, make described electromagnet magnetic confining force, adhesive or release time, release sensitivity is adjustable.
5, the control circuit that is used for magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet, it is characterized in that a capacitor [10] is connected in series in the main circuit of solenoid [6], the electromagnetic switch [12] that on the inlet wire side excitation dc power of described capacitor [10], is connected in parallel and the series loop of current limiting element [11] composition and the magnet exciting coil [35] of a voltage relay, described electromagnetic switch [12] is a pair of switching contact of described relay, realize thus using same solenoid to come actuating solenoid adhesive or release, and can make electromagnet when the field power supply dead electricity, return release condition automatically by attracting state.
6, the control circuit that is used for magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet, it is characterized in that a capacitor [10] is connected in series in the main circuit of solenoid [6], a series loop and the field power supply voltage sampling device [14] that an electronic switch [12] and current limiting element [11] form is connected in parallel on the inlet wire side excitation dc power of described capacitor [10], described field power supply voltage sampling device [14] links to each other with electronic switch [12] by a promotion trigger [13], be connected in series one in described series loop inlet wire side and play the diode [15] of non-return buffer action, realize thus using same solenoid to come actuating solenoid adhesive or release, and can make electromagnet when the field power supply dead electricity, return release condition automatically by attracting state.
CN 89105949 1989-09-05 1989-09-05 Magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet and control circuit thereof Expired - Fee Related CN1028575C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 89105949 CN1028575C (en) 1989-09-05 1989-09-05 Magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet and control circuit thereof

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 89105949 CN1028575C (en) 1989-09-05 1989-09-05 Magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet and control circuit thereof

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CN1050463A CN1050463A (en) 1991-04-03
CN1028575C true CN1028575C (en) 1995-05-24

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CN1043698C (en) * 1991-09-11 1999-06-16 张凡 Magnetically held-on electromagnet
CN1043276C (en) * 1991-09-11 1999-05-05 张凡 Magnetically held-on type electromagnet and control circuit thereof
CN1046815C (en) * 1991-10-04 1999-11-24 张凡 Magnetic-keeping magnet
CN1041662C (en) * 1992-07-06 1999-01-13 张凡 Control circuit for magnetically held electromagnet
CN1297780C (en) * 1998-01-23 2007-01-31 张凡 Magnetic latching solenoid valve for safe protection device of combustion equipment
FR2940501B1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2022-05-13 Schneider Electric Ind Sas PROCESSING UNIT COMPRISING MEANS FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR COMPRISING SUCH A PROCESSING UNIT
CN101800470B (en) * 2010-02-02 2012-06-27 天津大学 Main circuit for realizing quick pick-up and release of electromagnet
CN101865224B (en) * 2010-07-19 2012-12-26 无锡市华灵电机开关有限公司 Permanent magnet safe brake
CN106449008B (en) * 2016-12-27 2018-12-18 宁波市镇海华泰电器有限公司 The push-and-pull alternating electromagnet of energy storage starting
CN106531397B (en) * 2016-12-27 2018-06-29 宁波市镇海华泰电器厂 The push-and-pull alternating electromagnet of capacitive energy storage
CN106504851B (en) * 2016-12-27 2018-12-18 宁波市镇海华泰电器有限公司 It is pressurized the alternating electromagnet of starting
CN112750750B (en) 2019-10-31 2022-12-02 夏泰鑫半导体(青岛)有限公司 Lifting mechanism
CN112562962B (en) * 2020-12-03 2022-08-12 安徽爱意爱机电科技有限公司 Push type electromagnet structure for high-speed production line

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