CN1043698C - Magnetically held-on electromagnet - Google Patents
Magnetically held-on electromagnet Download PDFInfo
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- CN1043698C CN1043698C CN91107298A CN91107298A CN1043698C CN 1043698 C CN1043698 C CN 1043698C CN 91107298 A CN91107298 A CN 91107298A CN 91107298 A CN91107298 A CN 91107298A CN 1043698 C CN1043698 C CN 1043698C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a polarized electromagnet with a permanent magnet. The present invention is characterized in that one polar surface of the permanent magnet is guided to a movable iron core through a side magnetic yoke, a lower magnetic yoke, non-magnetic material gaps or air gaps, the other polar surface of the permanent magnet is guided to a fixed iron core through an upper magnetic yoke, the non-magnetic material gaps or the air gaps; when the electromagnet is in an attracting state, one or more closed polarized magnetic circuits are formed, and at least one part of the magnetic circuits encircles an electromagnetic coil. An operating handle is rotated, pushed and pulled and even some elements in the magnetic circuits are directly operated so that artificial air gaps are generated in the closed polarized magnetic circuits in order that the movable iron core which is attracted is automatically released. According to the principle, a highly efficient and energy-saving electromagnet which is provided with a series of different magnetic circuits according to needs and has the advantages of simple structure and technology and high reliability can be produced.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of magnetic-holding electric magnet that has permanent magnet.
In prior art, the magnetic-holding electric magnet that Chinese patent CN88219029.6 provides a kind of electromagnetically operated valve to use, its weak point is that the adjustable air gap [9] that is provided with in the magnetic circuit does not have the Practical significance on the engineering under normal conditions, and the definition of " adjustable " and execution mode also lack clear and definite concrete regulation.Though being this magnetic-holding electric magnet, the weak point of Chinese patent CN89105949.0 can provide great starting electromagnetic attraction and permanent magnetism confining force, but some there is not the driven-mechanism of this kind suction requirement, to mean the meaningless increase of the excessive complicated and production cost of magnetic-holding electric magnet structural manufacturing process, in addition, this patent does not have supporting hand-operating device, inconvenience can occur in the use.
For overcoming the weak point of prior art:
It is less that first purpose of the present invention provides starting electromagnetic attraction and permanent magnetism confining force, magnetic structure technology is simple, the permanent magnet anti-seismic performance is higher, by turn, pulling, promotion operator some kinds of magnetic-holding electric magnets of the moving manual releasing unshakable in one's determination that sticking.
It is less that second purpose of the present invention provides starting electromagnetic attraction and permanent magnetism confining force, magnetic structure technology is simple, the permanent magnet anti-seismic performance is higher, by the direct manipulation upper magnet yoke and fixedly magnetic core make a kind of magnetic-holding electric magnet of the moving manual releasing unshakable in one's determination that sticking.
The 3rd purpose of the present invention provides that starting electromagnetic attraction and permanent magnetism confining force are less, and magnetic structure technology is simple, and the permanent magnet anti-seismic performance is higher, makes another magnetic-holding electric magnet of the moving manual releasing unshakable in one's determination that sticking by the direct manipulation upper magnet yoke.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following measure:
Magnetic-holding electric magnet, comprise upper magnet yoke [1], fixing magnetic core [2], permanent magnet [3], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], solenoid [6], bobbin [7], moving [8] and back-moving spring [9] unshakable in one's determination, solenoid [6] is inlaid between side magnetic yoke [4] and the lower yoke [5], between side magnetic yoke [4] and upper magnet yoke [1], be provided with permanent magnet [3], be provided with moving [8] unshakable in one's determination at the central part place of lower yoke [5] and insert the axis hole that slides, it has the inboard vertical plane of regularization, in described magnetic circuit, the permanent-magnet line passes moving main working gas gap unshakable in one's determination and parallel each other with the main flux of the electromagnetism magnetic line of force, and a pole-face of permanent magnet is through side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], nonmagnetic substance gap Q
4Or air gap Q
4' being directed to moving [8] unshakable in one's determination, another pole-face is through upper magnet yoke [1] or nonmagnetic substance gap Q
1Or air gap Q
1' be directed to fixedly magnetic core [2], at this moment, in order to control the release sensitivity when the reverse excitation of leakage flux intensity between permanent magnet and moving iron core and electromagnet, fixedly magnetic core [2] must put in the corresponding axial height H3 of solenoid [6] and with the nonmagnetic substance gap Q of side magnetic yoke [4] or necessity of its branch's magnetic circuit [4a] maintenance
2Or air gap Q
2', described electromagnet forms one group of closed polarization magnetic circuit at least when the sticking state, and this magnetic circuit has at least a place that solenoid is wrapped interior; Utilize turn, pulling, promotion operator [49], [50] with supporting the dressing up of described electromagnet, perhaps direct control upper magnet yoke [1], fixedly the removable part of magnetic core [2a] makes and is in closure that magnetic keeps attracting state and polarizes and air gap Q occurs in the magnetic circuit
3Thereby the moving iron core that sticking turns back to the manual-operating mechanism [80] of release condition; Described nonmagnetic substance gap Q
2Or air gap Q2 ' is different because of electromagnet starting suction, permanent magnet geometry and magnetic energy product, all different factors of electromagnet releasing operation sensitivity, its minimum value is a few tenths of a mm, maximum can reach tens of millimeters: permanent magnet [3] can be made of the hard magnetic material with closing structure shape of an axial charging, also can be made of the hard magnetic material with sheet, bulk, U shape, arcuation open architecture shape of one and one above axial charging; Between the permanent magnet [3] of described electromagnet and upper magnet yoke [1] or between permanent magnet [3] and side magnetic yoke [4], be provided with one or two flexible cushions [41].Manual-operating mechanism [80] is made of one of following pattern: fixedly magnetic core [2] is an integrated member that links with bobbin [7] rigidity, its outer end is a screw rod with upper magnet yoke [1] threaded connection, can also set up operator that a rigidity links sometimes [50] on the outer side plane of upper magnet yoke [1]; Fixedly magnetic core [2] is an integrated member with bobbin [7] threaded connection location, and its medial end is a screw rod, and the flat surface of outboard end is provided with operation upper magnet yoke [1] rotate necessary groove, flange, counterbore [52]; Fixedly magnetic core [2] is combined by fixed part [2b] and removable part [2a], the former and bobbin [7] rigidity link, the latter and upper magnet yoke [1] are slidingly matched or threaded engagement, and stage clip [51] is bearing in the inner side plane space of the radial flange of the fixing removable part of magnetic core [2a] bottom and upper magnet yoke [1] and forces fixedly magnetic core fixed part [2b] and fixedly keep good interference fit between the removable part of magnetic core [2a].Described flexible cushion [41] is the outer overcoating layer of a kind of shockproof solid matter or oil, lipid, it can liner in the both sides of permanent magnet [3], also can liner in a shockproof properties side preferably.
Magnetic-holding electric magnet, comprise upper magnet yoke [1], fixing magnetic core [2], permanent magnet [3], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], solenoid [6], bobbin [7], moving [8] and back-moving spring [9] unshakable in one's determination, solenoid [6] is inlaid between side magnetic yoke [4] and the lower yoke [5], between side magnetic yoke [4] and upper magnet yoke [1], be provided with permanent magnet [3], be provided with moving [8] unshakable in one's determination at the central part place of lower yoke [5] and insert the axis hole that slides, it has the inboard vertical plane of regularization, in described magnetic circuit, the permanent-magnet line passes moving main working gas gap unshakable in one's determination and parallel each other with the main flux of the electromagnetism magnetic line of force, and a pole-face of permanent magnet [3] is through side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], nonmagnetic substance gap Q
4Or air gap Q
4' be directed to and move [8] unshakable in one's determination, another pole-face directly is directed to fixedly magnetic core [2] through upper magnet yoke [1], at this moment, in order to control the release sensitivity when the reverse excitation of leakage flux intensity between permanent magnet and moving iron core and electromagnet, fixedly magnetic core [2] must put in solenoid [6] axial height H accordingly
3And keep the nonmagnetic substance gap Q an of necessity with side magnetic yoke [4] or its branch's magnetic circuit [4a]
2Or air-gap Q
2', described electromagnet forms one group of closed polarization magnetic circuit at least when the sticking state, and this magnetic circuit has at least a place that solenoid is wrapped interior; Be arranged on groove, flange, counterbore generic operation surface [52] on the end face of described upper magnet yoke [1] outside, can constitute use kit direct control upper magnet yoke [1] and fixedly magnetic core [2] move laterally, the closure that is in magnetic maintenance attracting state is polarized air gap Q occurs in the magnetic circuit
3Thereby the moving iron core that sticking turns back to the manual-operating mechanism of release condition; Described nonmagnetic substance gap Q
2Or air gap Q
2' because of electromagnet starts suction, permanent magnet geometry and magnetic energy product, all different factors of electromagnet releasing operation sensitivity are different, its minimum value is a few tenths of a mm, maximum can reach tens of millimeters; Permanent magnet [3] can be made of the hard magnetic material with closing structure shape of a radial magnetizing, also can be made of the hard magnetic material with sheet, bulk, U shape, arcuation open architecture shape that one and above horizontal direction magnetize; Between the permanent magnet [3] of described electromagnet and upper magnet yoke [1] or between permanent magnet [3] and side magnetic yoke [4], be provided with one or two flexible cushions [41].Described manual-operating mechanism is made of following pattern: upper magnet yoke [1] and fixedly magnetic core [2] be an integrated member with bobbin [7] threaded connection location, its medial end is a screw rod, the end face of outboard end is provided with described operating surface [52].Described flexible cushion [41] is the outer overcoating layer of a kind of shockproof solid matter or oil, lipid, it can liner in the both sides of permanent magnet [3], also can liner in a shockproof properties side preferably.
Magnetic-holding electric magnet, comprise upper magnet yoke [1], fixing magnetic core [2], permanent magnet [3], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], solenoid [6], bobbin [7], moving [8] and back-moving spring [9] unshakable in one's determination, electromagnetic wire [6] is inlaid between side magnetic yoke [4] and the lower yoke [5], between side magnetic yoke [4] and upper magnet yoke [1], be provided with permanent magnet [3], be provided with moving [8] unshakable in one's determination at the central part place of lower yoke [5] and insert the axis hole that slides, it has the inboard vertical plane of regularization, in described magnetic circuit, the permanent-magnet line passes main working gas gap unshakable in one's determination and parallel each other with the main flux of the electromagnetism magnetic line of force, a pole-face of permanent magnet [3] is through upper magnet yoke [1], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], non-magnetic material gap Q
4Or air gap Q
4' be directed to and move [8] unshakable in one's determination, another pole-face directly is directed to fixedly magnetic core [2] through flexible cushion [41], at this moment, in order to control the release sensitivity when the reverse excitation of leakage flux intensity between permanent magnet and moving iron core and electromagnet, fixedly magnetic core [2] must put in solenoid [6] axial height H accordingly
3And keep the nonmagnetic substance gap Q an of necessity with side magnetic yoke [4] or its branch's magnetic circuit [4a]
2Or air gap Q
2', described electromagnet forms one group of closed polarization magnetic circuit at least when the sticking state, and this magnetic circuit has at least a place that solenoid is wrapped interior; The described upper magnet yoke of turn [1] moves laterally, occurs the manual-operating mechanism that moving iron core that air gap sticking turns back to release condition in the closure polarization magnetic circuit that magnetic keeps attracting state thereby make to be in; Described nonmagnetic substance gap Q
2Or air gap Q
2', because of electromagnet starts suction, permanent magnet geometry and magnetic energy product, all different factors of electromagnet releasing operation sensitivity are different, its minimum value is a few tenths of a mm, maximum can reach tens of millimeters; Permanent magnet [3] can by an axial charging, be installed in the locational hard magnetic material of described electromagnet central axial line and constitute with closing structure shape; Between the permanent magnet [3] of described electromagnet and upper magnet yoke [1] or at permanent magnet [3] and fixedly be provided with one or two flexible cushions [41] between the magnetic core [2].Described flexible cushion [41] is the outer overcoating layer of a kind of shockproof solid matter or oil, lipid, it can liner in the both sides of permanent magnet [3], also can liner in a shockproof properties side preferably.
Now, the present invention will be described in further detail in conjunction with above embodiment.
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of first embodiment of the invention magnetic-holding electric magnet.
As seen from Figure 1, the bobbin [7] that adopts non-magnet material to make has the central axis hole of a perforation, and solenoid [6] is flat on bobbin [7].The side magnetic yoke [4] and the lower yoke [5] that adopt permeability magnetic material to make wrap solenoid [6] interior, and permanent magnet [3] sticking is positioned on the outer side plane of the side magnetic yoke [4] outside the end of bobbin [7].In central axis hole near the bobbin of permanent magnet [3], the magnetic core [2] of a fixed core-fixedly insert to be installed and to be done the rigidity binding with the central shaft hole inner wall of bobbin [7], the upper surface of its lower surface and moving [8] unshakable in one's determination forms the main working gas gap δ of electromagnet, rely on back-moving spring [9] or the deadweight of moving [8] unshakable in one's determination or the position-limiting action of back-moving spring [9 '] and driven-mechanism, make the air gap delta of electromagnet when initial condition keep definite value.Obviously as seen, this is the basic structure pattern by a kind of magnetic-holding electric magnet of Chinese invention patent CN89105949.0 (magnetic maintenance tractive electromagnet) regulation inventor's invention and that obtained mandate.On this basis, the inventor has proposed a new solution again through improving: the upper end of described fixedly magnetic core [2] is a screw rod, be provided with an inner bolt hole with matching at the central part place of upper magnet yoke [1], turn upper magnet yoke [1] moves downward and can make on its outer side plane that is pressed on permanent magnet [3].Fixedly the inner edge of the outer rim of magnetic core [2] and side magnetic yoke [4] must keep the nonmagnetic substance gap Q an of necessity
2It starts different factors such as electromagnetic attraction, permanent magnet geometry and magnetic energy product, the sensitivity of electromagnet releasing operation because of electromagnet different: this value too hour fixedly leakage flux between magnetic core [2] and permanent magnet [3] is excessive, and the magnetic confining force of electromagnet can descend significantly.By the fixedly electromagnetic circuit magnetic resistance increase of the electromagnet of magnetic core [2], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], moving [8] unshakable in one's determination formation, its starting electromagnetic attraction descends to some extent when too big.Therefore, nonmagnetic substance gap Q generally speaking
2The value minimum is a few tenths of a mm, can reach tens of millimeters when maximum.H
3Indicate fixedly that magnetic core [2] must put in the due axial height of solenoid [6], this value too hour electromagnet when reverse excitation releasing operation sensitivity reduction in addition can't discharge; Impulse stroke and electromagnetic attraction all effected can't reach predetermined designing requirement sometimes when too big.H
4Indicate moving iron core [8] and when the electromagnet release condition, stretched out the axial height of lower yoke [5], its optimum value H
4〉=air gap delta, otherwise, the magnetic resistance of magnetic circuit certainly will increase, and tangible decline all can take place in electromagnet starting suction and magnetic confining force.Q
4Indicated the wall thickness of the central axis hole of bobbin [7], moving [8] unshakable in one's determination are inserted in just and make reciprocal rectilinear motion in this axis hole, also become a rail plate of moving [8] unshakable in one's determination naturally so say this axis hole in a sense, so nonmagnetic substance gap Q
4Thickness will be according to factors such as the material of bobbin [7], the physical dimensions of solenoid [6] and decide.Element [3] is to provide the permanent magnet of magnetic confining force for polarization magnetic circuit [1]-[2]-[3]-[8]-[5]-[4], it can have the hard magnetic material of closed-loop path to constitute by one, also can be made of the hard magnetic material that has open architecture shapes such as sheet, bulk, U shape, arcuation more than one or.With solenoid [6], bobbin [7] is benchmark, and permanent magnet [3] is essential identical near the medial surface pole-face of solenoid [6], for example is S polarity; Lateral surface for example is N polarity, as shown in Figure 1 in contrast.Element [53] is a binding agent, and it can make permanent magnet [3] more reliable and more stable with combining of side magnetic yoke [4].Solenoid [6] can be made of a winding; Also can be made of two windings independent of each other: wherein one group is pull-in winding, and another group is release coil, is respectively electromagnet forward exciting current and reverse exciting current are provided.As mentioned above, electromagnet when initial condition fixedly between magnetic core [2] and moving unshakable in one's determination [8] because of the existence of working gas gap δ, its magnetic resistance is very big, so the permanent magnetic action of permanent magnet [3] is ignored, under the moment of reaction influence of back-moving spring [9] or [9 '], moving [8] unshakable in one's determination or driven-mechanism, electromagnet is in stable release condition.When DC-pulse that feeds a certain suitable polarity in the solenoid [6] or a certain alternating pulse, element [2]-Q
2-[4]-[5]-Q
4The electromagnetic circuit that-[8]-δ-[2] constitute is by the forward excitation, the starting electromagnetic attraction F of its generation
HBe enough to overcome above-mentioned reaction damping torque, moving [8] unshakable in one's determination drive driven-mechanism and move upward, until δ → 0 value.At this moment, even the forward excitation pulse current disappears, by element [3]-[1]-[2]-[8]-Q
4The polarization magnetic circuit that-[5]-[4]-[3] constitute is closed, and the magnetic confining force that permanent magnet [3] provides is enough to overcome nonmagnetic substance gap Q
4Deng the magnetic resistance in the polarization magnetic circuit and the summation of electromagnet reaction damping torque, it is the sticking state that electromagnet changes another new stable state over to.When feeding a DC-pulse opposite in the solenoid [6] with forward excitation pulse electric polarity, as long as amplitude and width are suitable, the reverse magnetic flux that consequent reverse exciting current is inducted in electromagnetic circuit will oppositely superpose with the forward polar flux that flows through in this magnetic circuit, under the effect of the original reaction damping torque of electromagnet, moving [8] unshakable in one's determination move downward rapidly, working gas gap is by 0 → δ value, at this moment, even oppositely excitation pulse current disappears, electromagnet is release condition with continuing to be returned to the incipient stability state.It should be noted that: such adhesive or releasing operation process, both can utilize the forward energising of a winding to be finished; Two windings independent of each other of each department's " closing " of also available utilization, " branch " function are finished.Manual-operating mechanism [80] is by fixed core-fixedly the screw rod part and the upper magnet yoke [1] that has inner bolt hole with matching of magnetic core [2] are formed.When the magnetic-holding electric magnet of when sticking needs manual releasing, the operator is as long as reverse rotation upper magnet yoke [1] moves it laterally, make and occur artificial air gap Q3 in the polarization magnetic circuit that originally is in closure state, at this moment, because the magnetic resistance surge is, the magnetic confining force that permanent magnet [3] provides is less than the reaction damping torque of electromagnet, and the moving iron core [8] that sticking automatically returns to release condition.
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of the magnetic-holding electric magnet of second embodiment of the present invention.
Different with scheme shown in Figure 1 is: original nonmagnetic substance gap Q in the magnetic circuit
4By single air gap Q
4' replace, the magnetic resistance between lower yoke [5] and moving [8] unshakable in one's determination descends, so the corresponding increase of electromagnetic attraction.In order to cushion permanent magnet [3] and the fixedly small relative motion between magnetic core [2], the side magnetic yoke [4] that moving unshakable in one's determination [8] were produced fixing magnetic core [2] impact in adhesive moment, the mechanical endurance of improving the condition of work of permanent magnet and improving magnetic-holding electric magnet integral body, one or two flexible cushions [41] can set up between permanent magnet [3] and the upper magnet yoke [1] or between permanent magnet [3] and side magnetic yoke [4], it can be made with a kind of shockproof solid matter, and also the oil that can for example use in the electromagnet prior art with the outer overcoating layer with anti-seismic performance, fat etc. are made.Certainly, in order to reduce the magnetic resistance of magnetic circuit, the thickness of flexible cushion [41] should more approach better.Except that above-mentioned, other architectural feature embodiment illustrated in fig. 2 and operation principle and Fig. 1 embodiment are identical.
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 is a kind of flexible program embodiment illustrated in fig. 2.
Fixed core-fixedly magnetic core [2] is done threaded connection with the securing member [42] that bobbin [7] or non-magnet material are made, its that a part of screw diameter that stretches out bobbin [7] outside is by suitably overstriking, and the inner margin portion of its peripheral edge portion and permanent magnet [3] keeps one and permanent magnet physical dimension and the corresponding air gap Q of magnetic energy product
1', a pole-face of permanent magnet [3] (for example lower pole face S utmost point) is through side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], air gap Q
4' being directed to moving [8] unshakable in one's determination, another pole-face (for example upper pole face N utmost point) is through air-gap Q
1' being directed to fixedly magnetic core [2], upper magnet yoke [1] is passed Q
1' leakage flux of air gap replaces, so the polarization magnetic circuit still can constitute the closed-loop path, though the ferromagnetic confining force of the electromagnetism that it causes significantly decreases embodiment 1,2, still can reach good result of use under some occasion.In order to realize the manual operation function of electromagnet, can on the outer face of fixing magnetic core [2], set up special-purpose groove, flange, counterbore [52], instruments such as adapted screwdriver make fixedly magnetic core [2] rotation and motion laterally, thereby the moving iron core [8] that sticking is discharged into initial condition automatically.Except that above-mentioned, other architectural feature of present embodiment and operation principle and Fig. 1, Fig. 2 embodiment are identical.
Permanent magnet embodiment illustrated in fig. 4 [3] is arranged on the central axial line of electromagnet, and its upper pole face is through upper magnet yoke [1], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], nonmagnetic substance gap Q
4Be directed to moving [8] unshakable in one's determination, its lower pole face is directed to fixedly magnetic core [2] through flexible cushion [41], side magnetic yoke branch magnetic circuit [4a] is equivalent to the upper end part of side magnetic yoke among Fig. 1 embodiment [4], but in order to prevent the last lower pole face generation magnet short-cut path of permanent magnet [3], the inboard horizontal plane of the upper magnet yoke [1] that links to each other with permanent magnet [3] upper pole face must keep enough axial height H with the outside horizontal plane of side magnetic yoke branch magnetic circuit [4a]
5, upper magnet yoke [1] also should be done threaded connection or press to cooperate H with side magnetic yoke branch magnetic circuit [4a] in addition
5The meaningless increase of the physical dimension of electromagnet when too big hour will make the last lower pole face generation magnet short-cut path of permanent magnet [3] very much, thereby the magnetic confining force of electromagnet is reduced significantly.Flexible cushion [41] can be arranged between upper magnet yoke [1], the permanent magnet [3], also can be arranged on upper magnet yoke [1], permanent magnet [3] simultaneously and fixedly between magnetic core [2], the permanent magnet [3], its function is the moving iron core of buffering [8] mechanical shock to permanent magnet [3].Except that above-mentioned, other architectural feature of present embodiment and operation principle and Fig. 1, Fig. 2 embodiment are identical.
Permanent magnet in embodiment illustrated in fig. 5 [3] only is arranged on a side of electromagnetism central axial line, non magnetic cushion block [43] is embedded in the space of fixedly magnetic core [2], upper magnet yoke [1], permanent magnet [3], side magnetic yoke [4], and nut [44] makes upper magnet yoke [1] with permanent magnet [3], fixedly magnetic core [2] keeps excellent contact to cooperate.Fixedly the middle part of magnetic core [2] is provided with a flange platform, makes sealing valve core cover [45] or bobbin [7] play backstop action to it, and except that above-mentioned, other architectural feature embodiment illustrated in fig. 5 and operation principle and Fig. 1 embodiment are identical.
Real 0 executes the both sides that permanent magnet [3] in the example is arranged on the electromagnet central axial line shown in 6 figure, but the polarity of its inboard pole-face and outside pole-face must be opposite, and for example, the outside is S polarity inboard must be N polarity.As seen from Figure 6, fixedly magnetic core [2] is a column, its outside can make it relative fixed (for example injection moulding setting-in implantation, mull technique etc.) with the method that the central shaft hole inner wall of screw thread and bobbin [7] is done threaded connection or adopted other rigidity to link, fixedly the upper end of magnetic core [2] is upper magnet yoke [1], element in the present embodiment [1], [2] are reduced to same member and are sleeved on the inner space of permanent magnet [3], the axial height of its axial height optimum value 〉=permanent magnet [3].Flexible cushion [41] can slow down fixing magnetic core [2], upper magnet yoke [1] impact damage to permanent magnet [3], the shock resistance life-span of improving electromagnet when moving unshakable in one's determination [8] adhesive.When concentricity can access good control, flexible cushion [41] can be worth until trend 0 by attenuate.Element [48] is non magnetic cushion block, and it makes the outer side plane of the lower plane of permanent magnet [3] and side magnetic yoke branch magnetic circuit [4a] keep the axial height H an of necessity under the cooperation of bobbin [7] the overhanging end of axis
5, in order to avoid permanent magnet [3] is by side magnetic yoke branch magnetic circuit [4] magnet short-cut path.Non magnetic backing plate [46] is fastened on the outer side plane of upper magnet yoke [1], permanent magnet [3], element [52] is manual operation groove, flange, counterbore, when needing the manual operation electromagnet, magnetic core [2] makes it to move laterally as long as use and manual operation groove, flange, the supporting instrument rotation upper magnet yoke [1] of counterbore [52] reach fixedly, arrives Q
3Behind the stroke, permanent magnet [3] can't overcome Q
3Air gap, nonmagnetic substance gap Q
1The moment of reaction of magnetic resistance that causes and back-moving spring [9], moving [8] unshakable in one's determination, the moving iron core [8] that original sticking just is discharged into initial condition automatically.In the present embodiment, although permanent magnet [3] magnetizes with horizontal direction (or radially), by element [2]-Q
2-[4a]-[4]-5-Q
4'-[8]-electromagnetic circuit that δ-[2] constitute and by element [3]-[1]-[2]-[8]-Q
4'-[5]-basic structural feature and the operation principle of polarization magnetic circuit that [4]-[3] constitute and Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 embodiment is identical.Undoubtedly, if present embodiment is not need use manual operation the time, and manual operation can be given cancellation with groove, flange, counterbore [52], but its technical characterictic does not still surmount the basic categories that Fig. 6 embodiment stipulates.
Fixedly magnetic core [2] embodiment illustrated in fig. 7 changes by making the fixedly magnetic core fixed part [2b] that rigidity links with the central shaft hole inner wall of bobbin [7] and forms with removable part [2a].The latter's main body is a screw rod, and upper end fitting operation handgrip [49] also is provided with manual operation groove, flange, counterbore [52] as Fig. 3, scheme shown in Figure 6 on the side end face sometimes outside.(present embodiment no longer draw sign).Fixedly the lower surface of the removable part of magnetic core [2a] should keep excellent contact to cooperate with the fixing upper surface of magnetic core fixed part [2b], and rely on stage clip [51] or fixedly the screw action of the removable part of magnetic core [2a] obtain a static pressure, the magnetic resistance of above-mentioned contact-making surface is further reduced.During operate as normal, the fixedly removable part of magnetic core [2a] turn downwards, air gap Q
3→ 0 value, at this moment the architectural feature of present embodiment and operation principle are identical with Fig. 1 embodiment except that above-mentioned.When needing manual operation, [49] are made the fixedly removable part of magnetic core [2a] rotation and motion laterally, an artificial air gap Q occurs in original closed polarization magnetic circuit by operator
3, the magnetic confining force that permanent magnet [3] provides can't overcome artificial air gap Q
3, nonmagnetic substance gap Q
4Magnetic resistance and the summation of back-moving spring [9], moving unshakable in one's determination [8] moment of reaction, the moving iron core [8] that original sticking is discharged into initial condition automatically.
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 8 is the modified model scheme of Fig. 1 embodiment.Operator can be consolidated [50] with upper magnet yoke [1], can utilize down also that protruding two above spicules or dentate body are manual when needed to insert or be engaged to more than two in the corresponding hole or in the teeth groove of upper magnet yoke [1], the turn operator makes upper magnet yoke [1] rotation and motion laterally to [50], artificial air gap Q occurs in original closed polarization magnetic circuit
3, with reference to aforementioned principles, moving [8] unshakable in one's determination are discharged into initial condition automatically.
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 9 slightly different: as to be provided with a hole at the central part place of upper magnet yoke [1] with Fig. 7 embodiment, fixedly the main body of the removable part of magnetic core [2a] is a column that outer surface is bright and clean, the latter inserts after the described hole fitting operation handgrip [49] again, being provided with of hole must guarantee that upper magnet yoke [1] and fixing magnetic core can move the glade plane space that partly is certain between [2a] and cooperate, fit clearance heals little or the cooperation area is healed, and greatly then corresponding magnetic resistance is littler, and vice versa.Stage clip [51] is fastened on the outside left of the fixing removable part of magnetic core [2a] sliding bar, for fixing magnetic core moveable part [2a] and fixedly the contact matching between magnetic core fixed part [2b] static pressure is provided, should be rigidity between upper magnet yoke [1] and permanent magnet [3], side magnetic yoke [4] links, when needing manual operation, outwards only needing, the pulling operator will occur an artificial air gap Q to [49] in original closed polarization magnetic circuit
3, moving [8] unshakable in one's determination discharge thereupon automatically.In addition, architectural feature and the operation principle of present embodiment and Fig. 7 embodiment are identical.
Figure 10 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of automatic washing machine electromagnetic water inlet valve magnetic-holding electric magnet embodiment.Element [43] is non magnetic binding agent or cushion block, element [45] is sealing valve core cover, adopt plastics or nylon to make, element [47] is the plastics guard ring, prevent that permanent magnet [3] from suffering damage when mechanical external force impacts, element [8b] is a rubber gasket, its function is the elastic force effect that relies on back-moving spring [9], the intake pilot hole of diaphragm valve of electromagnetism is blocked (relevant diaphragm valve partly this figure omit do not paint) without exception, water intaking valve is closed when the no power state, element [8a] is a concentric ring-type thin-walled of moving [8] unshakable in one's determination, in radially roll extrusion can be enclosed in rubber gasket [8b] with this wall, back-moving spring [9] is sleeved on the fixedly bottom of magnetic core [2], can certainly change the upper end that is set to moving unshakable in one's determination [8], but the column that at this moment puts in the fixedly magnetic core [2] of sealing valve core cover [45] partly preferably has identical cross-sectional area.Need to use when manually closing valve, only need to rotate upper magnet yoke [1] and move laterally, make to occur artificial air gap Q in the closed polarization magnetic circuit
3, moving [8] unshakable in one's determination automatically restore to release condition immediately.Facts have proved that the automatic washing machine water inlet diaphragm electromagnetic valve according to present embodiment is made surpasses the required standard of China National Light Industrial Products Department its useful life more than three times.
At last, it needs to be noted: magnetic-holding electric magnet implemented according to the invention, when its central axial line is mounted near vertical or when being basically perpendicular to horizontal plane, the deadweight that can utilize moving [8] unshakable in one's determination replaces back-moving spring [9] and does not influence the repertoire of described electromagnet.In some cases, can also utilize the driven-mechanism of the electromagnet that the moment of reaction can be provided to replace back-moving spring [9].These two kinds of technical schemes are effective equally to Fig. 1 to Figure 10 embodiment, and are also just the same to other embodiment.
In sum, use the present invention and can produce various small-sized magnetic latching contactors, magnetic latching relay, magnetic holding solenoid valve, magnetic and keep efficient energy-conservation and highly reliable update series of products such as pulse counter, for comprehensive innovation in low-voltage electrical apparatus field brings new power.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following major advantage:
1, magnetic Circuit Design is different because of needs, and embodiment is more diversified.
2, structural manufacturing process is simple, and machining accuracy is not high.
3, the anti-seismic performance of permanent magnet is good.
4, manual operation (release) mechanism is simple, convenient.
Claims (8)
1, magnetic-holding electric magnet, comprise upper magnet yoke [1], fixing magnetic core [2], permanent magnet [3], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], solenoid [6], bobbin [7], moving [8] and back-moving spring [9] unshakable in one's determination, solenoid [6] is inlaid between side magnetic yoke [4] and the lower yoke [5], between side magnetic yoke [4] and upper magnet yoke [1], be provided with permanent magnet [3], be provided with moving [8] unshakable in one's determination at the central part place of lower yoke [5] and insert the axis hole that slides, it has the inboard vertical plane of regularization, in described magnetic circuit, the permanent-magnet line passes moving main working gas gap unshakable in one's determination and parallel each other with the main flux of the electromagnetism magnetic line of force, and a pole-face of permanent magnet is through side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], nonmagnetic substance gap Q
4Or air gap Q
4' being directed to moving [8] unshakable in one's determination, another pole-face is through upper magnet yoke [1] or nonmagnetic substance gap Q
1Or air gap Q
1' be directed to fixedly magnetic core [2], at this moment, in order to control the release sensitivity when the reverse excitation of leakage flux intensity between permanent magnet and moving iron core and electromagnet, fixedly magnetic core [2] must put in solenoid [6] axial height H accordingly
3And keep the nonmagnetic substance gap Q an of necessity with side magnetic yoke [4] or its branch's magnetic circuit [4a]
2Or air gap Q
2', it is characterized in that:
A, described electromagnet form one group of closed polarization magnetic circuit at least when the sticking state, this magnetic circuit has at least a place that solenoid is wrapped interior;
B, utilize turn, pulling, promotion operator [49], [50] with supporting the dressing up of described electromagnet, perhaps direct control upper magnet yoke [1], fixedly the removable part of magnetic core [2a] makes and is in closure that magnetic keeps attracting state and polarizes and air gap Q occurs in the magnetic circuit
3Thereby the moving iron core that sticking turns back to the manual-operating mechanism [80] of release condition;
C, described nonmagnetic substance gap Q
2Or air gap Q
2' because of electromagnet starts suction, permanent magnet geometry and magnetic energy product, all different factors of electromagnet releasing operation sensitivity are different, its minimum value is a few tenths of a mm, maximum can reach tens of millimeters;
D, permanent magnet [3] can be made of the hard magnetic material with closing structure shape of an axial charging, also can be made of the hard magnetic material with sheet, bulk, U shape, arcuation open architecture shape of one and one above axial charging;
E, between the permanent magnet [3] of described electromagnet and upper magnet yoke [1] or between permanent magnet [3] and side magnetic yoke [4], be provided with one or two flexible cushions [41].
2, by the magnetic-holding electric magnet of claim 1 regulation, it is characterized in that manual-operating mechanism [80] is made of one of following pattern:
A, fixedly magnetic core [2] is an integrated member that links with bobbin [7] rigidity, and its outer end is a screw rod with upper magnet yoke [1] threaded connection, can also set up the operator handle [50] that a rigidity links on the outer side plane of upper magnet yoke [1] sometimes;
B, fixedly magnetic core [2] is an integrated member with bobbin [7] threaded connection location, and its medial end is a screw rod, and the flat surface of outboard end is provided with operation upper magnet yoke [1] rotate necessary groove, flange, counterbore [52];
C, fixedly magnetic core [2] is combined by fixed part [2b] and removable part [2a], the former and bobbin [7] rigidity link, the latter and upper magnet yoke [1] are slidingly matched or threaded engagement, and stage clip [51] is bearing in the inner side plane space of the radial flange of the fixing removable part of magnetic core [2a] bottom and upper magnet yoke [1] and forces fixedly magnetic core fixed part [2b] and fixedly keep good interference fit between the removable part of magnetic core [2a].
3, the magnetic-holding electric magnet of stipulating by claim 1, it is characterized in that described flexible cushion [41] is the outer overcoating layer of a kind of shockproof solid matter or oil, lipid, it can liner in the both sides of permanent magnet [3], also can liner in a shockproof properties side preferably.
4, magnetic-holding electric magnet, comprise upper magnet yoke [1], fixing magnetic core [2], permanent magnet [3], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], solenoid [6], bobbin [7], moving [8] and back-moving spring [9] unshakable in one's determination, solenoid [6] is inlaid between side magnetic yoke [4] and the lower yoke [5], between side magnetic yoke [4] and upper magnet yoke [1], be provided with permanent magnet [3], be provided with moving [8] unshakable in one's determination at the central part place of lower yoke [5] and insert the axis hole that slides, it has the inboard vertical plane of regularization, in described magnetic circuit, the permanent-magnet line passes moving main working gas gap unshakable in one's determination and parallel each other with the main flux of the electromagnetism magnetic line of force, and a pole-face of permanent magnet [3] is through side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], nonmagnetic substance gap Q
4Or air gap Q
4' be directed to and move [8] unshakable in one's determination, another pole-face directly is directed to fixedly magnetic core [2] through upper magnet yoke [1], at this moment, in order to control the release sensitivity when the reverse excitation of leakage flux intensity between permanent magnet and moving iron core and electromagnet, fixedly magnetic core [2] must put in solenoid [6] axial height H accordingly
3And keep the nonmagnetic substance gap Q an of necessity with side magnetic yoke [4] or its branch's magnetic circuit [4a]
2Or air-gap Q
2', it is characterized in that:
A, described electromagnet form one group of closed polarization magnetic circuit at least when the sticking state, this magnetic circuit has at least a place that solenoid is wrapped interior;
B, be arranged on groove, flange, counterbore generic operation surface [52] on the end face of described upper magnet yoke [1] outside, can constitute use kit direct control upper magnet yoke [1] and fixedly magnetic core [2] move laterally, the closure that is in magnetic maintenance attracting state is polarized air gap Q occurs in the magnetic circuit
3Thereby the moving iron core that sticking turns back to the manual-operating mechanism of release condition;
C, described nonmagnetic substance gap Q
2Or air gap Q
2' because of electromagnet starts suction, permanent magnet geometry and magnetic energy product, all different factors of electromagnet releasing operation sensitivity are different, its minimum value is a few tenths of a mm, maximum can reach tens of millimeters;
D, permanent magnet [3] can be made of the hard magnetic material with closing structure shape of a radial magnetizing, also can be made of the hard magnetic material with sheet, bulk, U shape, arcuation open architecture shape that one and above horizontal direction magnetize;
E, between the permanent magnet [3] of described electromagnet and upper magnet yoke [1] or between permanent magnet [3] and side magnetic yoke [4], be provided with one or two flexible cushions [41].
5, the magnetic-holding electric magnet of stipulating by claim 4, it is characterized in that described manual-operating mechanism is made of following pattern: upper magnet yoke [1] and fixedly magnetic core [2] be an integrated member with bobbin [7] threaded connection location, its medial end is a screw rod, and the end face of outboard end is provided with described operating surface [52].
6, the magnetic-holding electric magnet of stipulating by claim 4, it is characterized in that described flexible cushion [41] is the outer overcoating layer of a kind of shockproof solid matter or oil, lipid, it can liner in the both sides of permanent magnet [3], also can liner in a shockproof properties side preferably.
7, magnetic-holding electric magnet, comprise upper magnet yoke [1], fixing magnetic core [2], permanent magnet [3], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], solenoid [6], bobbin [7], moving [8] and back-moving spring [9] unshakable in one's determination, electromagnetic wire [6] is inlaid between side magnetic yoke [4] and the lower yoke [5], between side magnetic yoke [4] and upper magnet yoke [1], be provided with permanent magnet [3], be provided with moving [8] unshakable in one's determination at the central part place of lower yoke [5] and insert the axis hole that slides, it has the inboard vertical plane of regularization, in described magnetic circuit, the permanent-magnet line passes main working gas gap unshakable in one's determination and parallel each other with the main flux of the electromagnetism magnetic line of force, a pole-face of permanent magnet [3] is through upper magnet yoke [1], side magnetic yoke [4], lower yoke [5], non-magnetic material gap Q
4Or air gap Q
4' be directed to and move [8] unshakable in one's determination, another pole-face directly is directed to fixedly magnetic core [2] through flexible cushion [41], at this moment, in order to control the release sensitivity when the reverse excitation of leakage flux intensity between permanent magnet and moving iron core and electromagnet, fixedly magnetic core [2] must put in solenoid [6] axial height H accordingly
3And keep the nonmagnetic substance gap Q an of necessity with side magnetic yoke [4] or its branch's magnetic circuit [4a]
2Or air gap Q
2', it is characterized in that:
A, described electromagnet form one group of closed polarization magnetic circuit at least when the sticking state, this magnetic circuit has at least a place that solenoid is wrapped interior;
B, the described upper magnet yoke of turn [1] move laterally, occur the manual-operating mechanism that moving iron core that air gap sticking turns back to release condition in the closure polarization magnetic circuit that magnetic keeps attracting state thereby make to be in;
C, described nonmagnetic substance gap Q
2Or air gap Q
2', because of electromagnet starts suction, permanent magnet geometry and magnetic energy product, all different factors of electromagnet releasing operation sensitivity are different, its minimum value is a few tenths of a mm, maximum can reach tens of millimeters;
D, permanent magnet [3] can by an axial charging, be installed in the locational hard magnetic material of described electromagnet central axial line and constitute with closing structure shape;
E, between the permanent magnet [3] of described electromagnet and upper magnet yoke [1] or at permanent magnet [3] and fixedly be provided with one or two flexible cushions [41] between the magnetic core [2].
8, the magnetic-holding electric magnet of stipulating by claim 7, it is characterized in that described flexible cushion [41] is the outer overcoating layer of a kind of shockproof solid matter or oil, lipid, it can liner in the both sides of permanent magnet [3], also can liner in a shockproof properties side preferably.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN91107298A CN1043698C (en) | 1991-09-11 | 1991-09-11 | Magnetically held-on electromagnet |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN91107298A CN1043698C (en) | 1991-09-11 | 1991-09-11 | Magnetically held-on electromagnet |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1070511A CN1070511A (en) | 1993-03-31 |
| CN1043698C true CN1043698C (en) | 1999-06-16 |
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ID=4908651
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN91107298A Expired - Fee Related CN1043698C (en) | 1991-09-11 | 1991-09-11 | Magnetically held-on electromagnet |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1063572C (en) * | 1994-11-19 | 2001-03-21 | 张凡 | Magnetism-holding electromagnet and fabrication method thereof |
| ITMI20061059A1 (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-01 | Claber Spa | CONTROL DEVICE FOR THE PILOTING OF ALTERNATE CURRENT SOLENOIDS AND CURRENT BISTABLE SOLENOIDS CONTINUESLY CONTINUES FOR IRRIGATION PLANT SOLENOID VALVES |
| WO2012086214A1 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2012-06-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Electromagnetic manipulation apparatus |
| CN102515012B (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2014-09-03 | 清华大学 | Electromagnetic grabbing tool for nuclear power plant |
| CN102431880B (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2014-01-29 | 清华大学 | Electromagnetic hanger for nuclear power plant |
| CN104051123B (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2016-03-23 | 常熟开关制造有限公司(原常熟开关厂） | Electromagnet structure |
| CN105428161A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-03-23 | 苏州磁明科技有限公司 | Electromechanical lockable relay and use method thereof |
| CN106812997A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-06-09 | 新开普电子股份有限公司 | A kind of electromagnetism valve follower drive mechanism of anti-intensive magnetism attack |
| WO2018173189A1 (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-09-27 | ティディエス株式会社 | Solenoid and method for manufacturing same |
| CN114749272B (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-12-13 | 湖南中科电气股份有限公司 | Scrap steel magnetic separation system and method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1050463A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-04-03 | 张凡 | Magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet and control circuit thereof |
-
1991
- 1991-09-11 CN CN91107298A patent/CN1043698C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1050463A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-04-03 | 张凡 | Magnetic holding type tractive electromagnet and control circuit thereof |
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|---|---|
| CN1070511A (en) | 1993-03-31 |
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